专题01 冠词、名词-三年（2019-2021）高考真题英语分项汇编

专题01  冠词、名词、

一、2021年高考真题

1.（2021年全国乙卷语法填空） Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.

…..

Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:

【答案】62.development      65.the

【解析】

62.

考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。

65. 考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。

2.（2021年全国乙卷短文改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals…..

【答案】 dish→dishes

【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。

3. （2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空）What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.

……

As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in mine. While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!

【答案】57.humans      65.a

【解析】

57. 考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。

62. 考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。

4. （2021年全国甲卷语法填空）We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.

【答案】 48.the      49. watchtowers

【解析】

48. 考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。

49. 考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。

5. （2021年全国甲卷短文改错） Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.

【答案】  friend→friends

【解析】考查名词复数。句意：许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们是同龄人，能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词，结合句中their，所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。

6. （2021年浙江卷语法填空） In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.

…….

___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here.

【答案】38. marriage     44.The

【解析】

38. 考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。

44. 考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。

7. (2021年1月天津7)Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.

A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples

【答案】B

【解析】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。

二、2020年高考真题

1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular   64   (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so   65   the familiar near side.

【答案】interest

【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。

2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.

【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks

【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。

3.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a   61   (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.

【答案】celebration

【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。

4.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.

【答案】将vacations改为vacation

【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。

5. （2020·江苏卷单项填空）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.

A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。

三、2019年高考真题

1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.

A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.

A. statement B. impact

C. impression D. judgment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。

3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of ___69___  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【答案】the

【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。

4【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.

【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.

【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。

5.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.  …

【答案】

Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different （1）I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so （2）. Then, when I was in the （3） grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher （4） much.

【解析】（1） 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。

（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。

（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。

（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。

6.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。

附赠：2018年高考真题

1.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

A. advice         B. order

C. possibility        D. invitation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。

【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。

2.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.

A. assignment         B. association

C. acquisition         D. assumption

【答案】D

【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。

3. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014  that/which   showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all   67   (cause).

【答案】causes 

【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。

4. 【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

【答案】countryside前加the　考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。

【解析】countryside前加the　考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。

5. 【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。

6. 【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。

7. 【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

【答案】scientist

【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。

8. 【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese   56  (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.

【答案】dishes

【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。

8. 【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in   64  (weigh) problems.

【答案】weight

【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。

1. 【2017·新课标卷I·语法填空】As    65    result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。

2. 【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 　61　(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.

【答案】crowds

【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。

2. 【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】This included digging up the road, 　laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 　64　top.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top前加the。