专题08 七选五15篇——2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020）

这是一份专题08 七选五15篇——2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020），共30页。

译林版（2020）高二英语下学期期末复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期末真题)
专题09 七选五15篇
（2022春·江苏无锡·高二统考期末）“Exercise snack” does good.
Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits. ____1____That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session. Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time. ____2____ It’s still ideal to get longer exercise sessions regularly, but you’ll benefit from any amount that you can fit into your day.
____3____
Lifting your voice in a choir (合唱团) has cognitive (认知的) benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers. This makes sense, since it’s a hobby that requires attention, information processing, linguistic output, learning and memory.
Parkinson’s patients should hit the links.
____4____ But many patients lack the motivation. In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55. ____5____ Just as importantly, 86 per cent of golfers said they were “definitely” likely to continue the activity after the study’s end, compared to 33 per cent of the tai chi group.
A．Choir singing boosts the brain.
B．Developing hobbies improves memory.
C．Short bursts of exercise will benefit the health in the short term.
D．However, evidence has shown that anything is better than nothing.
E．The patients playing golf saw their balance and walking ability improve.
F．Exercise is one of the most powerful treatments for people with Parkinson’s disease.
G．Examples include a few push-ups, 60 seconds on an bike, or a jog up a flight of stairs.

（2022春·江苏连云港·高二统考期末）Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are in a temper, you make quick ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret. ____6____ How to stop being angry? Here are four ways that you can fight the causes of anger.
Firstly, you need to change your attitude to the way the world works. You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely. The actions of other people can be a significant cause of anger. Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you both frustrated and angry. ____7____
Secondly, don’t dismiss anger as a bad emotion. There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things. Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA．Gandhi was angry about British rule in India. They both used that anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice.
Thirdly, reacting angrily is a hard habit to break. But it is a habit, and habits can be broken. The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers. ____8____ This way, your anger will not get the emotional food it needs to survive.
Fourthly, don’t take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something (or even someone), or scream when we are angry. It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally. ____9____ By learning control, you can become a much calmer. You will be better liked and better placed to influence others.
____10____ That control will come once you identify what is at the root of your anger. Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes, and you will find that you will turn angry much less often, if at all.
A．You need to learn not to respond at all.
B．Anger of this type can be used to fuel action.
C．But that is what you must do if you are to stop anger.
D．You will also regret bad words spoken without thought.
E．Take positive steps towards solving the present problem.
F．You must recognize that anger is something you can control.
G．Realizing that no-one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry.

（2022春·江苏苏州·高二统考期末）How we garden
Some of us are challenged when it comes to gardening. We sometimes worry too much about what other people think about our gardens. The most important thing to remember when you’re creating your own garden is that it really needs to be about you. ____11____
That said, the best gardens work well with their surrounding environment. For instance, you might want to create a tropical (热带) feel but if you’ve got next-door’s oak tree (橡树) as the major background then it could look slightly odd. ____12____ If your garden is north-facing and you use black or grey-colored material, everything could become dark and depressing.
When it comes to planting, there are a lot of great influences out there. You might like the work of designers such as Piet Oudolf. But it’s good to remember that these influences are best used as a guide. ____13____ If you want to use ideas from other garden designers, then look for one that you’re comfortable with but don’t try to copy it outright—just be inspired by them.
____14____ I always think that if you’ve got fewer materials then the plants can sing better. For me, the plants are always at the heart of the garden. If you want them to stand out, keep your materials to as small a number as possible.
It’s the same when we select plants. We often forget that we don’t need a garden full of stars; we also need plants that provide the support act. ____15____ They often bring a more subtle element to the design.
A．A straight copy is never going to work, is it?
B．Grasses are a great example of this sort of secondary role.
C．All of these considerations will really help you set the tone.
D．You shouldn’t concern yourself with what anyone else thinks.
E．The direction your garden faces will also affect the overall look.
F．In the use of different materials in your garden design, less is definitely more.
G．If you want to keep bugs away from your plants, you can spray pesticide regularly.

（2022春·江苏徐州·高二统考期末）As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own negatives. Understanding them will help create strategies for more efficiently delivering the lessons, ensuring a good learning journey for students. So, what are the disadvantages of online learning?
____16____
For many students, one of the biggest challenges of online learning is the struggle with focusing on the screen for long periods of time. There’s a great chance for students to be easily attracted by social media or other sites. Therefore, it is vital for the teachers to keep their online classes interesting and interactive. It will help students stay focused on the lesson.
Technology issues
____17____ While Internet coverage has grown over the past few years, in smaller cities and towns, a consistent connection with great speed is a problem. Without a consistent Internet connection for students or teachers, there can be a lack of continuity in learning for the child. This is harmful to the education process.
Sense of isolation
Students can learn a lot from being in the company of their peers. ____18____ This often results in a sense of isolation for the students. In this situation, it is important that the school should allow for other forms of communication between students and teachers. ____19____
Teacher training
Online learning requires teachers to have a basic understanding of using digital forms of learning. ____20____ Very often, teachers have a very basic understanding of technology. Sometimes, they don’t even have the necessary resources or tools to conduct online classes. To solve this, it is important for schools to invest in training teachers with the latest technology updates.
A．Screen time management
B．Inability to focus on screens
C．Yet this is not always the case.
D．This increase in screen time is one of the biggest concerns.
E．However, in an online class, there is little physical interaction.
F．Another key challenge of online classes is Internet connectivity.
G．This can include online messages, emails and video conferencing.

（2022春·江苏宿迁·高二统考期末）It is universally acknowledged that adults, especially older ones, can’t learn language as easily as children can. However, contrary to conventional thinking, a new study shows that adult learners, even as beginners, could process sentence structures in new language much like native speakers. ___21___ Follow these tips and you can make the process more fun and more successful.
Find your motivation.
Wish you had paid more attention in high school Spanish? Consider why you didn’t. Perhaps all you wanted out of the class was a good grade, or to fulfill a graduation requirement. ___22___ But the most successful language students are internally motivated, sincerely absorbed in their own learning. So pick a language you are excited to use.
Pick your tools.
It might take some trial and error, but you will figure out which resources work best for you. Mobile apps such as Duolingo and Babble gamify your learning. Consider a conversation-based class like Italki or Idlewild. And don’t neglect textbooks, grammar guides, and workbooks with answer keys. ___23___
Dive in.
___24___ Watch movies or listen to songs, even if they are just on in the background. Periodically look around you and see how many things you can name in the language you are studying. Or better yet, label items around your home with those words. You will have no choice but to see them and, in very little time, learn them.
___25___
Practicing with other people helps solidify what you’ve already learned and make you more aware of which ideas you are able to express. These don’t need to be native speakers you chat with, though various websites and apps such as Languageexchange.com, HelloTalk, and TalkAbroad can connect you with some.
A．Get social.
B．Don’t sweat your mistakes.
C．Linguists call them external motivators.
D．Involve yourself in the chosen language as much as you can.
E．Knowing multiple languages can make you seem more attractive.
F．So if you dream of learning another language, your age does not disqualify you.
G．You may even enjoy children’s stories with simple vocabularies and accessible narratives.

（2022春·江苏南通·高二统考期末）More people are watching birds today than ever before; its popularity as a hobby has been growing rapidly over the past few years. But why do people take up bird-watching? ____26____
It’s year-round. Unlike many hobbies, birding is non-seasonal. ____27____ Spring is the best season for birds to migrate and nest; in summer, you can see and hear young birds and observe local breeding birds before they’re gone again; fall migration brings its own excitement and changes in bird populations; in winter, you can enjoy feeding birds and watching the birds that over-winter in the area.
It’s economical. The degree of your involvement is up to you.
____28____ No expensive equipment is necessary to enjoy watching birds. All you need may be a good field guide and a proper binocular (双筒望远镜). Anything more is optional.
____29____The more you learn about birds, their needs, and the challenges many species face, the more concerned and involved you’re likely to become in supporting wildlife habitat conservation and restoration efforts. This involvement can be on many levels, from making sure your own property poet birds and other wildlife to educating others about the needs of bird populations.
It often leads down other paths. Watching birds in many cases causes involvement in other interests. ____30____ Many people also develop an interest in wildflowers or dragonflies(蜻蜓). An increasing number of bird watchers travel to see birds. There are bird and nature festivals and bird-watching tours to birding hotspots all over the world. Birding, therefore, could turn you into a world traveler!
A．It involves walking in nature.
B．It might change with the seasons.
C．It promotes habitat conservation.
D．And so is the cost of being involved.
E．Bird watchers these days are often butterfly watchers, too.
F．You may start watching birds or feeding them in your yard.
G．The following are some reasons for becoming a bird watcher.

（2022春·江苏南通·高二统考期末）As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes. ____31____.
“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study’s leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. ____32____. The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes. She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn to manage a keyboard.
____33____. Her new findings prove this. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity, “gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on,” she explains.
Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. ____34____. And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of these use and connect more areas of the brain.
Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”, says Vander Meer. ____35____. She expresses her worries.
Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates “visual note-taking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be “interlinked (互连的) by boxes, and arrows, and supplemented by small drawings”.
A．Young kids should learn several basic drawing skills.
B．It is believed that typing may be easier for young children.
C．Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard.
D．It has to be done by hand, not necessarily typing on a keyboard.
E．So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful.
F．She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors
G．It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing.

（2022春·江苏淮安·高二统考期末）For people who are not self-disciplined, their life is full of pain, and all pain comes from their own inability. ____36____
So how do you achieve self-discipline?
Have control over body. Self-disciplined people will not be so bad; those who can lose weight successfully have high requirements for themselves. Health is the most important foundation of your self-discipline. ____37____ They work for one hour and charge for eight hours, and the efficiency is extremely low. If you don’t have time to exercise, you can only spend time seeing a doctor after the red light of your physical condition.
Have a good sense of time. The more self-disciplined you are, the more time you’ll have to manage. A precise schedule can save you a lot of unnecessary time costs. ____38____ The beauty of time front allows you to use more free time to read, exercise, master a skill, and severely surpass the person who is still sleeping in bed.
____39____ Self-disciplined people will not be willing to stay in the comfort zone, but will keep developing their own new field world with the mentality of giving it a try. Choosing ease and obeying instinct(本能)will bring the game of life to a dead end. And self-discipline may not always let you win. ____40____ If you decide that suffering is what you deserve, then the light will unavoidably come to you the same way.
A．Have a feeling of freshness.
B．But it will never let you lose.
C．Keep breaking personal ceiling.
D．People who do not work out are like a red light.
E．People who do not exercise are like an aging battery.
F．A self-disciplined person lives a particularly advanced and free life.
G．In addition, self-disciplined people will create time for themselves-get up early.

（2022春·江苏苏州·高二常熟中学校考期末）The Problem with Online Returns
Online shopping is booming: In 2020, Americans spent $ 813 billion online, a 42% increase over 2019. This year, experts expect that figure to top $ 1 trillion for the first time. But millions of those purchases will eventually get sent back. ___41___ Here’s what you need to know.
When shoppers can’t physically examine products before purchase, they’re more likely to buy clothes that don’t fit or items that don’t suit their needs. People return on average about 25% of what they buy online, compared with 8% of what they buy in stores. However, many items that get returned never go back on sale. ___42___ About 5 billion pounds of returned goods went to landfills each year, according to logistics(物流)company Optoro.
___43___ When you send a product back, companies already owe you a refund, and it would cost them even more to ship it to a sorting facility and have someone evaluate whether it can be sold again. At this stage, every person that touches that item is adding cost, but the company doesn’t earn any value.
Although it’s unlikely that returned items will be sold as new, some items get sent to discount stores. ___44___ Other unwanted items might be sent overseas-although many could still go to the garbage eventually.
In some cases, giant companies like Amazon and Target have begun telling customers to just keep their unwanted items rather than send them back. Third-party logistics businesses have also popped up to help clean up the return process. But that’s not enough on its own. ___45___ If we continue to shop without thinking about the environmental impacts of our decisions, we’ll ultimately have very unsustainable supply chains.
A．It sounds shocking, but it all boils down to cost.
B．The responsibility falls on us consumers as well.
C．Those returns can have a big environmental impact.
D．Things like electronics could get separated into parts.
E．That increase has accelerated rapidly during the pandemic.
F．Instead, they’re often thrown out, even if they’re still brand-new.
G．In response, France forbade the destruction of unsold consumer goods.

（2022春·江苏南京·高二南京市中华中学校考期末）You may have seen them standing alone in a farmer’s field. With thin arms and a strange smile, they stand guard over the crops day and night. ____46____
Scarecrows have been around since at least the time of the ancient Egyptians. Back then, farmers covered wooden frames with nets to protect wheat fields. ____47____ Around 2500 BCE, the Greeks made the first human-like scarecrows. They added a face which was similar to that of the Greek god Priapus. ____48____ The Romans later copied this design and brought it to Europe.
Centuries after the Romans marched through Europe, people around the world were creating their own scarecrows. In Japan, scarecrows were shaped like people in raincoats and straw hats. In Germany, scarecrows were made to look like witches.
____49____ In the oldest book of Japanese literature, The Kojiki, a scarecrow named Kuebiko appears. Though he can’t walk, Kuebiko is a kind of all-knowing god. In the mid-19th century, writer Nathaniel Hawthorne brought scarecrows into literature with the short story “Feathertop.” In this tale, a witch who prays to the Devil brings a scarecrow to life.
Then there is the most famous scarecrow. His name is simply “Scarecrow,” and he appears in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In the children’s novel, Scarecrow joins Dorothy, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion on an adventure to meet the wizard of the magical land of Oz. ____50____
Aside from these examples, scarecrows have featured in rock songs and as characters in comic books. On Halloween, they are brought out as scary decorations. Both practical and creepy, scarecrows continue to capture our imagination.
A．Scarecrows appear everywhere in the world.
B．We can never ignore the influence of stories about scarecrow.
C．They are scarecrows, whose job has gone unchanged for thousands of years.
D．They would hide in the wheat, and then jump out to scare birds into their nets.
E．This was thought to be scary enough to keep birds away from their precious fields.
F．Throughout the years, scarecrows have made many appearances in popular culture.
G．Scarecrow has appeared in films and plays around the world since the release of the book.

（2022春·江苏镇江·高二江苏省镇江第一中学校联考期末）Effective leadership involvs a bi-directional interaction that makes leaders not just teachers, but also learners. To become an effective leader, it is necessary to be aware of certain behaviors and characteristics that can impact your organization. According to researchers, leaders should follow these rules of leadership.
____51____
An effective leader must accept responsibility for guiding the organization’s future by setting out a vision. This should be created with the support of a team. During this process, an effective leader will recognize the strengths of the organization, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to growth promote long-term success.
Define roles and relaionships clearly.
Expections of the leader and roles of team members must be clearly defined. It is important to note/thata crole has two important features: specific responsibilities and how the individual is expected to behave and fulfill these responsibilities.____52____When members clearly understand their responsibilities to the team and individual obligations, there will be less confusion and fewer conflicts as there is ownership and mutual understanding of each person’s role.
____53____
Leaders cannot be everywhere all the time. The truth is that many leaders feel pressed for time and may often feel overwhelmed with responsibilities.____54____ However, there can be a sense of a less-than-excellent work performance from time to time. A leader’s ability to manage his or her workload effectively has an impact on others. Therefore, it is necessary for a leader to use his or her time and energy accordingly.
Continuously learn and develop.
Highly effective leaders are aware that they do not know everything; thus, they use their strengths and understand their weaknesses. They seek feedback and always strive to learn and develop. They know that self-improvement is a journey not a destination.____55____
A．Think and act strategically.
B．Use leader time/energy appropriately.
C．Understand and demonstrate the elements of teams and teamwork.
D．As a leader grows, so does the individual and group performance of an organization.
E．Clearly defining the team’s roles, behaviors, and practices can increase productivity.
F．They are usually expected to work at a fast pace and remain at a high level of productivity.
G．One way to manage time more effectively is to set clear rules and procedures for meetings.

（2022春·江苏泰州·高二校联考期末）Traffic Regulation and Accident Prevention
We live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. ___56___ Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. ___57___
Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. ___58___ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.
___59___ It’s all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.
Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. ___60___ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.
A．There are five reasons for the accident and you are guilty.
B．Every year thousands of people are horribly killed, and we sit still and let it happen.
C．Surprisingly, society should smile at the driver and forgive him.
D．Someone has rightly said that when a person is sitting behind the steering wheel, his car becomes an extension of his personality.
E．All advertisements that emphasize power and performance should be banned.
F．It is time to develop a universal norm to reduce this senseless waste of human life.
G．It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases.

（2022春·江苏徐州·高二统考期末）With summer holidays approaching, it’s time to talk about packing. ___61___ Luggage restrictions and a lack of storage space make organizing everything required for your trip away awfully tricky. But there’s a solution to simplifying your suitcase without having to compromise on style. It’s not about packing light; it’s about packing smart. ___62___
● Consider upgrading your luggage. ___63___ And a worn suitcase isn’t going to do the trick. Look for a stylish case with built-in compartments for underwear, socks and laundry.
● ___64___ Make a list in the Notes ape of your phone. When planning your outfits(服装), think what and where. Consider what you’ll likely be doing each day and pack accordingly. For example, a day of walking and exploring requires comfortable footwear. A fancy dinner at a nice restaurant, on the other hand, may need a more elevated look.
● Pack items based on the fact that they will work with others. For example, wide-legged trousers are perfect for both daytime adventures and evening drinks with a simple change of shoes. ___65___ .
● Put your best foot forward when packing shoes. Wear your chunkiest(厚重的) pair of shoes while travelling to cut down on wasting much-needed space in your case. And, a ratio of one pair to every three or so outfits should be enough.
A．It’s an often difficult task.
B．Make a plan of the outfits.
C．Take a powerful smart phone with you.
D．Packing smart starts with the right suitcase.
E．Packing light might be preferred by most people.
F．To make it pain-free, what you need is just a little organization.
G．This means you won’t end up packing loads of things you’ll barely wear.

（2022春·江苏·高二江苏省天一中学校联考期末）Metaverse (元宇宙)
You’ve probably started to hear this word being thrown around lately. If you’re feeling lost, you’re in the right place. Here, we’ll try to answer some big questions from Microsoft’s point of view. What is a metaverse? Does it already exist? ____66____ Let’s dig in.
Simply put, a metaverse is a digital space inhabited by digital representations of people, places and things. Think of it like a new version, or maybe a new vision, of the Internet. ____67____ Now we can actually go into that place to communicate, share, and work with others. It’s an Internet that you can actually interact with — like we do in the physical world.
And it’s not just a vision anymore. Right now, you can go to a concert and experience a show with other real people inside a video game. ____68____ Those are metaverses. And the future is already here!
____69____ “But my digital self is not my physical self.” Well that is technically true. But Microsoft is working to help you better represent your whole self in the digital space, while also ensuring that you can bring your humanity and your agency over with that representation.
If the past few years have taught us anything, it’s that we need flexibility. The world has never been more connected, but lately, we’ve often needed to distance ourselves physically. The closer we can reflect our physical selves in the digital world, the more of these barriers we can break down. Teammates can join meetings from anywhere. Real-time translation allows people from diverse cultures to collaborate in real-time. ____70____ The metaverse has the ability to take us beyond the barriers and limitations of the physical world.
A．And are you already in it?
B．Have you been lost in a metaverse?
C．However, there’s some doubt about them.
D．Many people talk about the Internet as a place.
E．You can walk a factory floor from your own home.
F．There are good reasons to take the metaverse seriously.
G．This is what takes this from a cool idea to a critical one.

（2022秋·江苏南通·高二统考期末）Pain is usually connected to a nervous system. When you put your hand too close to a hot stove, nerve cells send a warning of danger to your brain. ____71____ That, in turn, causes you to pull your hand away before any serious damage is done. Plants don't have nerves or brains, so they can’t feel pain like you do. ____72____ And since they can't escape a potentially dangerous situation, they need other ways of fighting back.
____73____ Some plants discourage plant-eaters from chewing on them by growing thorns or sharp little hairs, like a rose or a cactus does. Other plants produce bad-tasting or even toxic chemicals. These force potential attackers to abandon their meals.
But a plant called bittersweet nightshade does something even more smartly. When a slug, a small creature, chews holes in a nightshade’s leaf, a kind of sweet juice begins dripping out of the edges of the wound, almost as if the plant were bleeding. ____74____ In order to collect the juice, the ants gather all over the injured nightshade plant and attack anything that stands in their way — including the slug that damaged the plant in the first place. In short: Slug attacks plant; plant calls army of ants to come closer to kill slug. ____75____
Plants may look like passive victims. But they have armies of cold-blooded killers always ready to obey their orders.
A．Your brain recognizes that signal as pain.
B．The biggest threat to a plant's life is getting eaten.
C．This sweet juice successfully drives the slug away.
D．Your brain is definitely a complex nervous system.
E．The sweet juice happens to be a favorite food of ants.
F．But plants definitely do recognize when something is hurting them.
G．Thus, the plant can help itself by calling the enemies of its own enemies.


1．D    2．G    3．A    4．F    5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“把锻炼当零食”这一理念，以及介绍了参加合唱和打高尔夫对健康有益处。
1．上文“Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits.(健康专家过去常说，你需要一次锻炼至少十分钟才能获得任何益处)”以及下文“That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session.(这就是为什么世界卫生组织的《身体活动和久坐行为指南》不再建议锻炼的最短时间)”说明锻炼的时间长度不再像过去一样受限，D项“然而，证据表明，有总比什么都没有好。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
2．上文“Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time.(与此同时，科学家们采用了“把锻炼当零食”这一术语，指的是只需要花很少时间的突发性体育活动)”说明“把锻炼当零食”是一种只需要花很少时间的体育活动，G项“例子包括几个俯卧撑，骑自行车60秒，或在一段楼梯上慢跑。”具体举例说明“把锻炼当零食”，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
3．下文“Lifting your voice in a choir has cognitive benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers.(根据发表在Plos One上的一项芬兰研究，在合唱团提高嗓门对认知有好处。研究发现，与非歌手相比，老年歌手的语言流畅性更好)”说明在合唱团提高嗓音合唱对认知有益处，A项中Choir singing是关键词，A项“合唱能增强大脑。”引出下文，适合做本段小标题。故选A。
4．下文“But many patients lack the motivation.(但许多患者缺乏动力)”说明许多帕金森患者缺乏锻炼的动力，F项“锻炼是帕金森病患者最有效的治疗方法之一。”引出下文，与下文形成转折关系，符合题意。故选F。
5．上文“In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55.(为了确定一种有益的体育活动，美国神经学学会的一项研究将可以极大地改善平衡和防止摔倒的太极拳比作高尔夫，一项许多55岁以上的人最喜欢的运动)”说明高尔夫和太极拳一样，可以改善平衡和防止摔倒，E项“打高尔夫球的患者发现他们的平衡和行走能力有所改善。”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
6．D    7．G    8．A    9．C    10．F

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种可以帮助对抗愤怒的方法。
6．根据上文“Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are in a temper, you make quick ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret.(愤怒是最具破坏性的情绪。当你在发脾气的时候，你很快就做出了你可能会后悔的考虑不周全的决定)”可知，空前举例愤怒会给人带来的负面结果，空后提出问题“如何停止生气？”并提出建议。由此可知，空处可能是又举一例子证明愤怒情绪带来的负面后果。D项：You will also regret bad words spoken without thought.(你也会为未经思考就说了脏话而后悔)符合语境，“also regret”与空前regret呼应。故选D项。
7．根据上文“Firstly, you need to change your attitude to the way the world works. You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely. The actions of other people can be a significant cause of anger. Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you both frustrated and angry.(你需要改变你对世界运转方式的态度。你必须接受有时候事情确实会出错，人们并不总是可爱的。其他人的行为可能是愤怒的重要原因。试着接受别人的行为确实会让你沮丧和生气)”可知，本段主要介绍从自己的认识来转变自己看待世界的态度，并从事和人两方面列举了建议。由此可知，G. Realizing that no-one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry.(意识到没有人是完美的这个事实是避免生气的一个好的开始)承接上文，符合题意。故选G项。
8．根据上文“Thirdly, reacting angrily is a hard habit to break. But it is a habit, and habits can be broken. The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers.(第三，生气是一个很难改掉的习惯。但这是一种习惯，习惯是可以打破的。诀窍是在面对通常令人生气的情况时避免做出反应)”可知，通过不回应可以避免愤怒带来的负面影响。A项：You need to learn not to respond at all.(你需要学会完全不去回应)符合语境。故选A项。
9．根据上文“Fourthly, don’t take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something (or even someone), or scream when we are angry. It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally.(第四，当你生气的时候，不要轻举妄动。当我们生气的时候，我们都会想要扔东西，打东西(甚至是人)，或者尖叫。要保持冷静，远离冲突，或者深呼吸并正常行事，就难多了)”可知，保持冷静是很难做到的。由此可知，C. But that is what you must do if you are to stop anger.(但如果你想停止愤怒，这就是你必须做的)符合语境，虽然很难，但是必须做。故选C项。
10．根据下文“That control will come once you identify what is at the root of your anger. (一旦你找到愤怒的根源，这种控制就可以做到)”可知，认识到愤怒的根源，就可以控制愤怒情绪。由此可知,F.You must recognize that anger is something you can control.(你必须认识到愤怒是你可以控制的)作为段首句，下一句中的That control与F项中的control呼应。故选F项。
11．D    12．E    13．A    14．F    15．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何进行园艺的一些方法。
11．根据前文“The most important thing to remember when you’re creating your own garden is that it really needs to be about you.(当你创建自己的花园时，最重要的是要记住，它真的需要以你为中心。)”可知，你要以你的需求和喜好创建园艺，而不要在意他人的看法。D项“You shouldn’t concern yourself with what anyone else thinks.(你不应该关心别人怎么想。)”强调不要理睬他人的想法，符合语境。故选D项。
12．根据后文“If your garden is north-facing and you use black or grey-colored material, everything could become dark and depressing.(如果你的花园是朝北的，你使用黑色或灰色的材料，一切都可能变得黑暗和压抑。)”可知，花园的朝向也会影响园艺的方式和最终效果。E项“The direction your garden faces will also affect the overall look.(花园朝向的方向也会影响整体的外观。)”与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选E项。
13．根据后文“ If you want to use ideas from other garden designers, then look for one that you’re comfortable with but don’t try to copy it outright—just be inspired by them.(如果你想使用其他花园设计师的想法，那就找一个你觉得舒服的，但不要试图完全复制它——只是从他们那里得到灵感)”可知，我们可以借鉴好的思路，而不要直接抄袭。A项“A straight copy is never going to work, is it?( 纯复制是行不通的，对吧?)”与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选A项。
14．根据后文“ I always think that if you’ve got fewer materials then the plants can sing better.(我一直认为，如果你用更少的材料，植物就能唱得更好。)”和“If you want them to stand out, keep your materials to as small a number as possible.(如果你想让它们脱颖而出，那就尽量少用材料。)”可知，用的材料越少，效果越好。F项“In the use of different materials in your garden design, less is definitely more.(在你的花园设计中使用不同的材料，少即是多。)” 与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选F项。
15．根据前文“We often forget that we don’t need a garden full of stars; we also need plants that provide the support act.(我们常常忘记，我们需要的不是满园繁星；我们也需要提供支持的植物。)”可知，我们需要不是很显眼的背景的植物；B项“Grasses are a great example of this sort of secondary role.(草是这种次要作用的一个很好的例子。)”符合题意，选项中的secondary role呼应上文的support act。故选B项。
16．B    17．F    18．E    19．G    20．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的一些缺点。
16．根据本段内容“For many students, one of the biggest challenges of online learning is the struggle with focusing on the screen for long periods of time. There’s a great chance for students to be easily attracted by social media or other sites. Therefore, it is vital for the teachers to keep their online classes interesting and interactive. It will help students stay focused on the lesson.(对于许多学生来说，在线学习最大的挑战之一就是难以长时间专注于屏幕。学生很容易被社交媒体或其他网站所吸引。因此，对教师来说，保持在线课程的趣味性和互动性是至关重要的。这样可以帮助学生集中注意力上课)”可知，本段的主旨是在线学习无法专注于屏幕。故B选项“无法专注于屏幕”符合题意，可以作为小标题，故选B。
17．根据后文“While Internet coverage has grown over the past few years, in smaller cities and towns, a consistent connection with great speed is a problem. Without a consistent Internet connection for students or teachers, there can be a lack of continuity in learning for the child. This is harmful to the education process.(虽然互联网覆盖范围在过去几年有所扩大，但在较小的城市和城镇，高速的持续连接是一个问题。如果学生或老师没有持续的互联网连接，孩子的学习就会缺乏连续性。这对教育过程是有害的)”可知，后文主要说明了互联网连接所存在的问题。故F选项“在线课程的另一个关键挑战是互联网连接”符合语境，故选F。
18．根据上文“Students can learn a lot from being in the company of their peers.(学生们可以从同伴的陪伴中学到很多东西)”以及后文“This often results in a sense of isolation for the students.(这往往会导致学生产生一种孤立感)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出在线课程存在的问题。故E选项“然而，在线课程中，身体互动很少”符合语境，故选E。
19．根据上文“In this situation, it is important that the school should allow for other forms of communication between students and teachers.(在这种情况下，学校允许学生和老师之间进行其他形式的交流是很重要的)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明其它交流形式有哪些。故G选项“这可以包括在线消息、电子邮件和视频会议”符合语境，故选G。
20．根据上文“Online learning requires teachers to have a basic understanding of using digital forms of learning.(在线学习要求教师对使用数字学习形式有基本的了解)”以及后文“Very often, teachers have a very basic understanding of technology.(通常情况下，教师对技术只有非常基本的了解)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出教师对数字学习形式的了解情况并不是很充分的情况。故C选项“然而情况并非总是如此。”符合语境，故选C。
21．F    22．C    23．B    24．D    25．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些学习语言的建议。
21．根据上文“It is universally acknowledged that adults, especially older ones, can’t learn language as easily as children can. However, contrary to conventional thinking, a new study shows that adult learners, even as beginners, could process sentence structures in new language much like native speakers.(众所周知，成年人，尤其是老年人，学习语言不如儿童那么容易。然而，与传统思维相反，一项新的研究表明，成年学习者，即使是初学者，也能像母语人士一样处理新语言的句子结构)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出学习另一种语言，年龄不是问题所在。故F选项“所以，如果你梦想学习另一种语言，你的年龄并不会使你失去资格”符合语境，故选F。
22．根据上文“Perhaps all you wanted out of the class was a good grade, or to fulfill a graduation requirement.(也许你想从这门课上得到的只是一个好成绩，或者满足毕业要求)”以及后文“But the most successful language students are internally motivated, sincerely absorbed in their own learning. So pick a language you are excited to use.(但是，最成功的语言学生都是发自内心地投入到学习中去的。所以选择一种你喜欢使用的语言)”可知，本句是在说明上文提到的想从这门课上得到的只是一个好成绩，或者满足毕业要求，这些只是外部的激励因素。故C选项“语言学家称之为外部激励因素”符合语境，故选C。
23．根据上文“It might take some trial and error, but you will figure out which resources work best for you. Mobile apps such as Duolingo and Babble gamify your learning. Consider a conversation-based class like Italki or Idlewild. And don’t neglect textbooks, grammar guides, and workbooks with answer keys.(这可能需要一些尝试和错误，但你会发现哪些资源最适合你。Duolingo和Babble等移动应用程序将学习游戏化。考虑一下Italki或Idlewild这样的基于对话的课程。不要忽视教科书、语法指南和带答案的练习册)”可知，本段说明了需要尝试和错误，本句为本段最后一句，旨在鼓励不要为错误而担忧。故B选项“不要为你的错误而烦恼”符合语境，故选B。
24．根据标题“Dive in.(沉浸其中)”以及后文“Watch movies or listen to songs, even if they are just on in the background. Periodically look around you and see how many things you can name in the language you are studying. Or better yet, label items around your home with those words. You will have no choice but to see them and, in very little time, learn them.(看电影或听歌曲，即使它们只是在背景音乐中播放。定期看看你周围，看看你能用你正在学习的语言说出多少东西的名字。或者更好的做法是，在家里的物品上贴上这样的标签。你将别无选择，只能看到他们，在很短的时间内，学习他们)”可知，后文的内容说明了要让自己沉浸在语言环境中。故D选项“尽可能多地让自己参与所选语言的学习”符合语境，故选D。
25．根据本段内容“Practicing with other people helps solidify what you’ve already learned and make you more aware of which ideas you are able to express. These don’t need to be native speakers you chat with, though various websites and apps such as Languageexchange.com, HelloTalk, and TalkAbroad can connect you with some.(和其他人一起练习有助于巩固你已经学到的东西，让你更清楚自己能够表达哪些想法。这些人不需要是你聊天的母语人士，尽管各种网站和应用程序，如Languageexchange.com, HelloTalk和TalkAbroad可以帮你联系上一些人)”可知，后文提到了和其他人一起练习，说明是通过社交来学习。故A选项“去社交”符合语境，故选A。
26．G    27．B    28．D    29．C    30．E

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越来越多的人把观鸟作为一种爱好的原因。
26．根据“But why do people take up bird-watching?(但为什么人们喜欢观鸟呢？)”以及下文讲述了人们喜欢观鸟的原因可知，空处需要承上启下，表明人们喜欢观鸟应该有以下几种原因。G项“以下是成为观鸟者的一些原因”符合语境。故选G。
27．根据“It’s year-round. Unlike many hobbies, birding is non-seasonal.(全年无休。与许多爱好不同，观鸟是非季节性的)”以及下文“Spring is the best season for birds to migrate and nest; in summer, you can see and hear young birds and observe local breeding birds before they’re gone again; (春天是鸟类迁徙和筑巢的最佳季节；在夏天，你可以看到和听到幼鸟，并在它们再次离开之前观察当地的繁殖鸟类)”可知，空处是对下面内容的概括，表明一年四季都可以观鸟，但是观鸟也随着季节变化而变化。B项“它可能会随着季节的变化而变化。”符合语境。故选B。
28．根据上一段“It’s economical. The degree of your involvement is up to you.(这很省钱。你的参与程度取决于你)”以及空后“No expensive equipment is necessary to enjoy watching birds. All you need may be a good field guide and a proper binocular (双筒望远镜). Anything more is optional.(观赏鸟类不需要昂贵的设备。你只需要一个好的野外向导和一个合适的双目望远镜。更多内容是可选的)”可知，空处表明观鸟的第一个省钱的方面，就是观鸟是不需要买昂贵的的设备，所以参观的成本也根据自己情况来定。D项“参与的成本也是如此。”适合做本段的主旨句。故选D。
29．根据“The more you learn about birds, their needs, and the challenges many species face, the more concerned and involved you’re likely to become in supporting wildlife habitat conservation and restoration efforts.(你对鸟类、它们的需求和许多物种面临的挑战了解得越多，你就越可能关心和参与支持野生动物栖息地保护和恢复工作)”可知，本段主要讲述观鸟也会让你参与到支持野生动物栖息地保护和恢复工作。C项“它促进了栖息地保护。”适合做本段的主旨句。故选C。
30．根据“ Watching birds in many cases causes involvement in other interests. (在许多情况下，观鸟会引起其他兴趣)”以及“Many people also develop an interest in wildflowers or dragonflies(蜻蜓). (许多人也对野花或蜻蜓产生了兴趣)”可知，空处和下文一起进一步解释观鸟引起的其他兴趣，包括很多观鸟人现在都喜欢观看蝴蝶，很多人也对野花或蜻蜓产生了兴趣。D项“如今的观鸟者往往也是蝴蝶观看者。”符合语境。故选E。
31．B    32．F    33．C    34．G    35．E

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇介绍了关于无纸化学习的危害，相比于传统纸质手写的学习，其对儿童具有一定危害，研究人员呼吁要将两种学习模式结合。
31．根据上文“As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes. (一项新的研究指出，随着数字设备接管社会，“键盘活动”现在经常被推荐作为早期手写的替代品)”并结合第二段首句“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital(挪威的一些学校已经完全数字化)”推知，空处指出很多人认为打字比手写更容易，才能引出下文内容。B项“It is believed that typing may be easier for young children.(人们认为打字对小孩更容易)”符合题意，承上启下。故选B。
32．根据上文““Some schools in Norway have become completely digital,” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study’s leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.(“挪威的一些学校已经完全数字化，”这项新研究的负责人奥德丽·范德米尔指出，她在特隆赫姆的挪威科技大学工作)”和下文“The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes.(她指出，人类的大脑已经发展成以尽可能多的方式与世界互动)”可知，上文提到了一位科学家和她的观点，后文开始说一些研究结论，比如人脑的机制等。由此推知，空处应该涉及到一些研究过程。F项“She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors(她测量大脑活动以更好地理解学习和行为)”符合题意，提到了这位科学家对人脑活动进行了估算。故选F。
33．下文“Her new findings prove this. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain.(她的新发现证明了这一点。这是因为书写和印刷涉及复杂的运动，这些运动会激活大脑的更多区域)”指出手写和打字都涉及到多方面大脑活动，意在强调前者的重要性不亚于后者。C项“Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard.(使用钢笔比使用键盘需要更多的大脑)”符合题意。故选C。
34．根据上文“By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. (相比之下，当我们写作时，我们的大脑需要思考和恢复每个字母的记忆)”和下文“And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of these use and connect more areas of the brain.(我们需要控制我们的手来按压笔或铅笔来塑造不同的字母。所有这些都使用并连接了大脑的更多区域)”可知，上文提到人们在手写时大脑的活动，下文提到了需要手来控制写字的大小形状等。由此推知，空处话题应与上下文一致。G项“It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing.(我们也有必要用眼睛观察我们正在书写的形状)”符合题意，also表明与上文的并列关系。故选G。
35．根据下文“She expresses her worries.(她表达了她的担忧)”推知，空处内容是关于数字化的危害。E项“So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful.(因此，只通过一种形式的数字学习可能是有害的)”符合题意，故选E。
36．F    37．E    38．G    39．C    40．B

【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍自律的方法。
36．根据上文“For people who are not self-disciplined, their life is full of pain, and all pain comes from their own inability. (对于不自律的人来说，他们的生活充满了痛苦，所有的痛苦都来自于自己的无能。)”和下文“So how do you achieve self-discipline? (那么你如何做到自律呢？)”可知，文章接下来要阐述自律的方法，所以要有过渡句，引入自律的话题。选项F“一个自律的人过着特别高级和自由的生活。”和上下文意思一致。故选F。
37．根据下文“They work for one hour and charge for eight hours, and the efficiency is extremely low. If you don’t have time to exercise, you can only spend time seeing a doctor after the red light of your physical condition. (他们工作一小时，充电八小时，效率极低。如果你没有时间锻炼，你只能在身体状况出现红灯后花时间去看医生。)”可知，这里提到不锻炼的情况。选项E“不锻炼的人就像老化的电池。”和下文意思一致。故选E。
38．根据上文“Have a good sense of time. The more self-disciplined you are, the more time you’ll have to manage. A precise schedule can save you a lot of unnecessary time costs. (有很好的时间感。你越自律，你需要管理的时间就越多。精确的时间表可以为您节省大量不必要的时间成本。)”可知，这一段主要阐述时间管理。选项G“此外，自律的人会为自己创造早起的时间。”和上文意思一致。故选G。
39．根据下文“Self-disciplined people will not be willing to stay in the comfort zone, but will keep developing their own new field world with the mentality of giving it a try. (自律的人不会愿意待在舒适区，而是抱着试一试的心态，不断开发自己的新领域。)”可知，这一段介绍自律就需要不断挑战自己。选项C“不断打破个人最高限度。”和下文意思一致。故选C。
40．根据上文“And self-discipline may not always let you win. (自律未必总能让你获胜。)”和下文“If you decide that suffering is what you deserve, then the light will unavoidably come to you the same way. (如果你决定苦难是你应得的，那么光明将不可避免地以同样的方式来到你身边。)”可知，这里讲述虽然自律不会让你一直赢，但最终还是会你赢。选项B“但它决不会让你输。”和上下文意思一致。故选B。
41．C    42．F    43．A    44．D    45．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着网购的繁荣，美国销售额突破万亿，但是其中数百万的购买最终都会被退货。文章主要讲述网购退货产生的重大问题及作为消费者该如何去做。
41．根据上文“But millions of those purchases will eventually get sent back.”（但数百万美元的购买最终将被退回）及下文“Here’s what you need to know.”（这里你需要了解以下几点。）可知文章后面阐述退货存在的问题。因而空处为承上启下的作用，讲述退货产生的问题或影响。选项C.“这些退货可能会对环境产生重大影响。”，切题，故选C。
42．根据上文“However, many items that get returned never go back on sale.”(然而，许多被退回的物品永远不会重新销售)和下文“About 5 billion pounds of returned goods went to landfills each year, according to logistics(物流)company Optoro”（根据物流公司Optoro的数据，每年约有50亿英镑的退货进入垃圾填埋场），我可知设空部分应该讲的是这些退回物品会如何处理。选项F.“相反，他们经常被扔掉，即使他们仍然是全新的。”，符合题意，故选F。
43．根据下文“When you send a product back, companies already owe you a refund, and it would cost them even more to ship it to a sorting facility and have someone evaluate whether it can be sold again.”（当你退回一件产品时，公司已经欠你一笔退款，如果他们把产品运到分拣设施并让人评估是否可以再次销售，成本会更高。）可知，作为本段的主题句，设空部分应该讲述退货对商家所产生的成本问题。选项A.“这听起来令人震惊，但归根结底是成本问题。”切题，故选A。
44．根据下文“Other unwanted items might be sent overseas-although many could still go to the garbage eventually.”（其他不需要的物品可能会被送到海外——尽管许多物品最终仍然会被扔进垃圾桶。）提到了其它的返回的物品的可能的处理方式，可推知设空部分应该讲的是一些商品应该是如何处理的，D项.“Things like electronics could get separated into parts.”（像电子产品的这类东西可能会被拆分成零件），举例说明电子类产品的处理方式，符合题意，故选D。
45．根据上文“Third-party logistics businesses have also popped up to help clean up the return process. But that’s not enough on its own.”（第三方物流企业也纷纷出现，以帮助清理退货流程。但这本身还不够。）以及下文“If we continue to shop without thinking about the environmental impacts of our decisions, we’ll ultimately have very unsustainable supply chains.”（如果我们继续购物，而不考虑我们的决定对环境的影响，我们最终将拥有不可持续发展的供应链。）提到了作为消费者，应该注意自己的消费对环境的影响以及要满足可持续发展，因而设空部分承接前文，应该讲述消费者要承担起这个责任。选项B.“责任也落在了我们消费者身上。”切题，故选B。
46．C    47．D    48．E    49．F    50．G

【导语】本篇为说明文。介绍了稻草人(scarecrow)的来历以及其形象在文学作品和其他文娱领域的应用。
46．根据上文“You may have seen them standing alone in a farmer’s field. With thin arms and a strange smile, they stand guard over the crops day and night.(你可能见过它们独自站在农民的田地里。它们长着瘦弱的手臂，带着奇怪的微笑，日夜守护着庄稼)”并结合下文对稻草人的介绍推知，空处应承上启下，C项“They are scarecrows, whose job has gone unchanged for thousands of years.(它们是稻草人，它们的作用几千年来没有改变)”符合题意，既指出上文提到的就是稻草人，又引出下文对稻草人的介绍。故选C。
47．上文“Scarecrows have been around since at least the time of the ancient Egyptians. Back then, farmers covered wooden frames with nets to protect wheat fields.(至少在古埃及时代，稻草人就已经出现了。当时，农民们用网覆盖木框来保护麦田)”介绍了农民用网盖住木架子来保护小麦，由此推知下文应该是在讲农民的其他做法。D项“They would hide in the wheat, and then jump out to scare birds into their nets.(他们会躲在麦子里，然后跳出来把鸟儿吓到网里)”符合题意，选项中的they指代上文的farmers 。故选D。
48．根据上文“Around 2500 BCE, the Greeks made the first human-like scarecrows. They added a face which was similar to that of the Greek god Priapus.(大约在公元前2500年，希腊人制造了第一个人形稻草人。他们添加了一张与希腊神普里阿普斯相似的脸)”可知，希腊人制作的稻草人添加了与阿普斯相似的脸。由此推知，空处陈述这样做的目的是什么。E项“This was thought to be scary enough to keep birds away from their precious fields.(这被认为是足够可怕的，使鸟类远离他们宝贵的土地)”符合题意，选项中this指代上文“他们添加了一张与希腊神普里阿普斯相似的脸”这种做法。故选E。
49．空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“In the oldest book of Japanese literature, The Kojiki, a scarecrow named Kuebiko appears. Though he can’t walk, Kuebiko is a kind of all-knowing god. In the mid-19th century, writer Nathaniel Hawthorne brought scarecrows into literature with the short story “Feathertop.” In this tale, a witch who prays to the Devil brings a scarecrow to life.(在日本最古老的文学作品《歌之木》中，出现了一个名叫“酷比子”的稻草人。虽然不能走路，但他是一个无所不知的神。19世纪中期，作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑以短篇小说Feathertop将稻草人引入文学。在这个故事中，一个女巫向魔鬼祈祷，使稻草人活了过来)”可知，本段介绍的是稻草人在文学作品中的运用。F项“Throughout the years, scarecrows have made many appearances in popular culture.(多年来，稻草人在流行文化中多次出现)”符合本段主旨。故选F。
50．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“His name is simply “Scarecrow,” and he appears in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In the children’s novel, Scarecrow joins Dorothy, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion on an adventure to meet the wizard of the magical land of Oz.(他的名字很简单，叫“稻草人”，他出现在《绿野仙踪》中。在这本儿童小说中，稻草人与多萝茜、铁皮人和胆小的狮子一起冒险，去遇到神奇的奥兹国的巫师)”可知，上文陈述了稻草人在《绿野仙踪》中的形象。由此推知，下文内容应与此相关。G项“Scarecrow has appeared in films and plays around the world since the release of the book.(自从这本书出版以来，稻草人已经出现在世界各地的电影和戏剧中)”符合题意，选项中的this book指代上文的提到的The Wonderful Wizard of Oz一书。故选G。
51．A    52．E    53．B    54．F    55．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了领导者应该遵循的一些领导规则。
51．设空处为段首小标题。根据段中“An effective leader must accept responsibility for guiding the organization’s future by setting out a vision. This should be created with the support of a team. During this process, an effective leader will recognize the strengths of the organization, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to growth promote long-term success.(一个有效的领导者必须承担责任，通过制定愿景来指导组织的未来。这应该在团队的支持下创建。在这个过程中，一个有效的领导者会认识到组织的优势、弱点、机会和增长的威胁，促进长期的成功)”可知，作为领导者要承担责任，要确立组织愿景，要有未来战略思维，同时还要认清组织的优势、弱点、面监的机会和威胁，这样才能带领组织走向成功，这说明优秀的领导者应战略性地思考和行动。A项“Think and act strategically.”是本段最佳小标题。故选A项。
52．上文“Expections of the leader and roles of team members must be clearly defined. It is important to note/thata crole has two important features: specific responsibilities and how the individual is expected to behave and fulfill these responsibilities.(领导者的期望和团队成员的角色必须明确界定。重要的是要注意到角色有两个重要的特征：具体的责任以及个人应该如何表现和履行这些责任)”提出要清楚地定位团队成员的角色和责任，E项“Clearly defining the team’s roles, behaviors, and practices can increase productivity.(清楚地定义团队的角色、行为和实践可以提高生产力)”说明了原因，这样做可以提高生产力，且句中“Clearly defining the team’s roles, behaviors, and practices”与段首小标题“Define roles and relaionships clearly.”相照应，符合上下文连贯。故选E项。
53．设空处为段首小标题。根据段中“Leaders cannot be everywhere all the time. The truth is that many leaders feel pressed for time and may often feel overwhelmed with responsibilities.(领导者不可能每时每刻都无处不在。事实上，许多领导都感到时间紧迫，而且常常感到责任过重)”和“A leader’s ability to manage his or her workload effectively has an impact on others. Therefore, it is necessary for a leader to use his or her time and energy accordingly.(一个领导者有效管理他或她自己工作量的能力会对其他人产生影响。因此，领导者有必要相应地使用他或她自己的时间和精力)”可知，领导者要合理地运用自己有限的时间和精力，A项“Use leader time/energy appropriately.”是本段最佳小标题。故选B项。
54．根据下文“However, there can be a sense of a less-than-excellent work performance from time to time.(然而，有时会有一种工作表现不佳的感觉)”中However可知上下文之间有转折关系，F项“They are usually expected to work at a fast pace and remain at a high level of productivity. (他们通常被期望以快节奏工作，并保持高水平的生产力)”中“work at a fast pace and remain at a high level of productivity”与下文“a sense of a less-than-excellent work performance”形成转折对比关系，符合上下文连贯。故选F项。
55．结合段首小标题“Continuously learn and develop.(不断学习和发展)”和上文“They seek feedback and always strive to learn and develop. They know that self-improvement is a journey not a destination.(他们寻求反馈，总是努力学习和发展。他们知道自我提升是一段旅程而不是终点)”可知，领导者需要不断学习和发展，D项“As a leader grows, so does the individual and group performance of an organization. (随着领导者的成长，组织的个人和团队绩效也会随之增长)”承接上文，说明领导者不断学习的成长带来的好处，句中“grows”和上文“develop”相照应，符合上下文连贯。故选D项。
56．G    57．B    58．D    59．C    60．E

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。人类用现代医学和手术可以使人类延年益寿，但是人们却忽视了每日都有人死于交通事故，作者剖析了事故原因，指出车辆是司机个性的延伸，有人为了自己图个方便，在开车时显露出了自己阴暗的一面，作者认为交通规则再怎么严也不为过，这样才能减少事故的发生。
56．上文“We live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. (我们生活在一个非凡的时代，许多曾经致命的疾病现在可以用现代医学和外科手术治愈。)”，G项“It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. (几乎可以肯定的是，总有一天会找到治疗其他疾病的方法。)”，上文提到了many of the once fatal diseases，许多曾经致命的疾病现在可以治愈，G项提及the rest of the diseases，其他的一些疾病在未来肯定也可以治愈，故上文与G项语意衔接连贯顺畅。故选G项。
57．上文“every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. (每一天，我们都目睹了令人难以置信的男人、女人和儿童在道路上被杀害。人类与汽车搏斗。这是一场人类正在输掉的永无休止的战斗。)”，B项“Every year thousands of people are horribly killed, and we sit still and let it happen. (每年都有成千上万的人惨死，而我们却坐视不管。)”，上文认为人类处于天天要面对交通问题，且天天有人死于交通事故的状态，B项解释了其中原因，因为即使人们每天面对因交通问题导致的死亡，却没有任何行动，为因果关系。故选B项。
58．D项“Someone has rightly said that when a person is sitting behind the steering wheel, his car becomes an extension of his personality. (有人说得对，当一个人坐在方向盘后面时，他的车就变成了他个性的延伸。)”，下文“There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving. (毫无疑问，汽车常常使人显露出最坏的品质。平时安静愉快的人，当他们坐在方向盘后面时，就会变得无法识别。他们不礼貌，好斗，任性得像两岁的孩子，完全自私。他们所有隐藏的沮丧、失望和嫉妒似乎都是由开车引起的。)”，D项表明开车人的个性在他开车的方式上会有所表现，下文是对D项内容的延伸，开车过程中，开车人会呈现出最糟糕的一面，上下文语意连贯顺畅。故选D项。
59．上文“There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving. (毫无疑问，汽车常常使人显露出最坏的品质。平时安静愉快的人，当他们坐在方向盘后面时，就会变得面目全。他们不礼貌，好斗，任性得像两岁的孩子，完全自私。他们所有隐藏的沮丧、失望和嫉妒似乎都是由开车引起的。)”，C项“Surprisingly, society should smile at the driver and forgive him. (令人惊讶的是，社会应该对司机微笑并原谅他。)”，下文“It’s all for his own convenience. (这都是为了他自己的方便。)”，上文描述了人们一旦操控方向盘，就会展现出他们的糟糕的品行，而C项则说明这种现象在社会上被认为是可以理解的，下文则是进一步解释，出现这种现象，源于开车人发现路况对自己不友好，没有得到自己想要的方便，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
60．上文“Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. (政府应该为制造商制定安全规范)”，E项“All advertisements that emphasize power and performance should be banned. (所有强调权力和表演的广告都应该被禁止。)”，下文“These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars. (这些措施听起来可能很残酷。然而，如果这些措施导致每年生命损失的减少，它们当然不应该被认为是严重的。毕竟，世界属于人类，而不是汽车。)”，下文中的These measures指代上文中的政府方面的措施，以及E项中提及的广告方面的限制措施，故上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选E项。
61．A    62．F    63．D    64．B    65．G

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍怎样合理打包行李。
61．根据上文“With summer holidays approaching, it’s time to talk about packing.(随着暑假的临近，是时候谈谈打包了)”可知，本文将讨论打包的话题。再结合后文“Luggage restrictions and a lack of storage space make organizing everything required for your trip away awfully tricky. (行李的限制和存储空间的缺乏使得安排旅行所需的一切变得非常困难)”可知，打包是一件不简单的事，A项“这通常是一项困难的任务”符合语境。故选A。
62．根据下文“Consider upgrading your luggage. (考虑升级您的行李)”以及“ Pack items based on the fact that they will work with others.(打包物品时要考虑到它们会与工作相符)”可知，下文是打包的一些建议。因此，设空处起到总领下文的作用。F项“根据物品与他人协同工作的事实来包装物品”符合语境。故选F。
63．根据上文“Consider upgrading your luggage. (考虑升级您的行李)”可知，本段讲述升级行李的话题。再结合下文“And a worn suitcase isn’t going to do the trick.  Look for a stylish case with built-in compartments for underwear, socks and laundry.(而一个破旧的行李箱也没用。要找一个时尚的盒子，里面有内裤、袜子和衣物的内置隔层)”可知，要合理安排行李的放置。因此可推测，设空处讲述要合理规划的原因。E项“大多数人可能更喜欢轻包装”符合语境。故选E。
64．设空处位于句首，起到总结概括的作用。根据下文“Make a list in the Notes ape of your phone. When planning your outfits(服装), think what and where. (在你手机的笔记中列一个清单。当规划你的服装时，想想是什么和在哪里)”可知，此段讨论规划好衣服的放置。B项“制定服装计划”符合语境。故选B。
65．根据上文“ Pack items based on the fact that they will work with others.(打包物品时要考虑到它们会与工作相符)”可知，本段讨论要根据工作来安排物品。再结合下文“For example, wide-legged trousers are perfect for both daytime adventures and evening drinks with a simple change of shoes. (例如，只要换一双鞋，宽腿裤就非常适合白天冒险和晚上喝酒)”可知，此句是在列举某个场合所需的物品。由此可推断，设空处在讨论我们只需要带用得上的东西。G项“这意味着你不会把几乎不会穿的东西打包”符合语境。故选G。
66．A    67．D    68．E    69．C    70．G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是什么是元宇宙，以及在疫情之下，元宇宙尤其重要的原因。
66．根据前文的“ Here, we’ll try to answer some big questions from Microsoft’s point of view. What is a metaverse? Does it already exist? ”（在这里，我们将试着从微软的角度来回答一些大问题。什么是元宇宙？它已经存在了吗？）以及空后的“Let’s dig in.”（让我们深入研究吧。）可知，空处应该与前文并列的是疑问句的结构，同时探讨的是“元宇宙是否已经存在？”，才能引起下文“让我们深入研究。”A选项“And are you already in it?”（你已经在里面了吗？）中的it指代的就是前文的元宇宙，符合语境。故选A。
67．根据空前的“Think of it like a new version, or maybe a new vision, of the Internet.”（把它想象成互联网的一个新版本，或者一个新愿景。），以及空后的“Now we can actually go into that place to communicate, share, and work with others. ”（现在我们可以进入那个地方去交流，分享，和其他人一起工作。）可知，设空处应该是将互联网比作一个地方。D选项“Many people talk about the Internet as a place.”（许多人把互联网看作一个地方。）符合语境，选项中the Internet与上一句呼应，a place与下一句呼应。故选D。
68．根据下文的“ Those are metaverses.”（这些是元宇宙），以及前文的“Right now, you can go to a concert and experience a show with other real people inside a video game. ”（现在，你可以在电子游戏中与其他真人一起去听音乐会，体验一场表演。）可知，此处列举的是现实中元宇宙的例子。E选项“You can walk a factory floor from your own home.”（你可以从家里走到工厂的地板上。）就是现实中元宇宙的例子。故选E。
69．根据下文的“But my digital self is not my physical self.”（但我的数字自我不是我的真实的自我。）可知，人们对于元宇宙有疑问。C选项“However, there’s some doubt about them.”（然而，对它们也有一些疑问。）符合题意。故选C。
70．根据前文的“The world has never been more connected, but lately, we’ve often needed to distance ourselves physically. The closer we can reflect our physical selves in the digital world, the more of these barriers we can break down.”（世界之间的联系从未如此紧密，但最近，我们经常需要保持身体上的距离。我们越能在数字世界中反映真实的自我，就越能打破这些障碍。）可知，在疫情期间需要保持距离的情况下，使得元宇宙提供的交流方式变得更重要。G选项“This is what takes this from a cool idea to a critical one.”（这就是它从一个很酷的想法变成一个关键的想法的原因。）中的this指代的就是前文的“lately, we’ve often needed to distance ourselves physically”（最近，我们经常需要保持身体上的距离）这种情况，G选项解释了元宇宙概念在当前疫情下重要的原因。故选G。
71．A    72．F    73．B    74．E    75．G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了植物没有神经和大脑，所以它们感受不到疼痛，但是，面对潜在威胁，植物也有反应机制。
71．根据前句“Pain is usually connected to a nervous system. When you put your hand too close to a hot stove, nerve cells send a warning of danger to your brain.”（疼痛通常与神经系统有关。当你的手太靠近火炉时，神经细胞会向你的大脑发出危险的警告）可知，神经细胞会向大脑发出危险的警告。A项“Your brain recognizes that signal as pain”（你的大脑将这个信号识别为疼痛）正是大脑收到这一警告后的反应，句中“that signal”与上文“a warning of danger”相照应。故选A。
72．根据前句“Plants don’t have nerves or brains, so they can’t feel pain like you do.”（植物没有神经或大脑，所以它们不能像你一样感觉到疼痛） 以及后句“And since they can’t escape a potentially dangerous situation, they need other ways of fighting back.”（因为他们无法逃脱潜在的危险，他们需要其他的方式来反击。）可知，此处意指植物虽然感受不到疼痛，但是能识别潜在地危险，所以需要其他的反应机制来反击这种威胁。F项“But plants definitely do recognize when something is hurting them.”（但植物确实能识别出什么东西伤害了它们）符合文意。故选F。
73．根据后句“Some plants discourage plant-eaters from chewing on them by growing thorns or sharp little hairs, like a rose or a cactus does.”（有些植物会长出刺或尖利的茸毛来阻止食草动物咀嚼它们，比如玫瑰或仙人掌）可知，植物在面对捕食者时会进化出应对机制，所以此处应该要提到植物的最大威胁是来自掠食者。B项“The biggest threat to a plant’s life is getting eaten.”（对植物生命最大的威胁是被吃掉）符合文意。故选B。
74．根据后句“In order to collect the juice, the ants gather all over the injured nightshade plant and attack anything that stands in their way—including the slug that damaged the plant in the first place.”（为了收集龙葵汁液，蚂蚁会在受伤的龙葵植株上四处聚集，攻击任何挡住它们去路的东西——包括最初破坏植物的蛞蝓）可知，此处以实例——龙葵植株如何利用蚂蚁应对其他掠食者的攻击——来解释植物如何应对来自捕食者的威胁，所以空处要提到蚂蚁和植物的关系。E项“The sweet juice happens to be a favorite food of ants”（这种甜汁碰巧是蚂蚁最喜欢的食物）符合文意。故选E。
75．根据前句“In short: Slug attacks plant; plant calls army of ants to come closer to kill slug.”（简而言之:蛞蝓攻击植物; 植物召唤蚂蚁大军来杀死蛞蝓）可知，此处说明植物如何通过特有的机制来引来其他动物抵抗掠食者潜在威胁的。G项“Thus, the plant can help itself by calling the enemies of its own enemies.”（因此，植物可以通过召唤敌人的敌人来帮助自己）符合文意。故选G。