2023年小升初英语全国通用版语法专项复习（PPT+word）：2-冠词 a an the 和零冠词

2023 小升初英语语法-冠词 a an the 和零冠词 全国通用版

一、冠词的含义

冠词（article）位于名词之前，用来帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的一种虚词。它不能离开名词而单独使用。

二、冠词的分类

 冠词分为不定冠词（a和an）和定冠词（the）两种。在一些特定情况下，名词前不用冠词我们称之为“零冠词”。

三、不定冠词

（一）不定冠词的用法

1.泛指一类名词中的某一个。

e.g. Give me a book, please. 请给我-本书。

His father is a policeman.他父亲是一名警察。

2.代表某一类人或事物。

e.g. A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。

A student should study hard.学生应该努力学习。

3.表示单位,相当于“每”的意思。

e.g. We have three meals a day.我们每日吃三餐。

4.表示数量。

e.g. She has a mouth, a nose, and two eyes.

       她有一张嘴,鼻子,两个眼睛。

5.固定短语。

a few 一些                         in a minute 等一会

a lot of 许多                      a little 一点儿

have a try 试-试

【课堂练习】

一、用a an 填空。

四、定冠词

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

e.g. The book is mine. 这本书是我的。

2.指谈话双方都明确所知的人或事物。

e.g. Open the door, please. 请把门打开。

3.复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用 “a或an” ,以后再次提到“the” )

e.g. Look! There is a cat on the chair. The cat is yellow.

        看,椅子上有一只猫。猫是黄色的。

4.序数词和形容词最高级前。

e.g. January is the first month of a year.

      一月份是一年当中的第一个月。

      Tom is the tallest in our class. 汤姆是我们班最高的。

5.表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物。

e.g. the sun太阳                       the earth地球

  the moon 月亮                      the sky 天空

6.表示方向、方位

e.g. in the east 在东方          in the west 在西方

     on the right 在右边          on the left 在左边

7.表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the。

e.g.play the piano 弹钢琴

      play the violin 拉小提琴

8.固定表达。

e.g. in the morning在早上          in the afternoon 在下午

      in the evening在晚上

9.用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人。

e.g. the Blacks

10.在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛的名称前。

e.g. the Yangtze River 长江

      the Yellow River 黄河

五、零冠词

零冠词含义：

零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词(a、an)、定冠词(the)的现象。

零冠词也是冠词的一种，一般用“/”来表示 。

1.在国名、人名等专有名词前不用冠词。(但缩写的国名要用the)

e.g. Canada     Lucy       from the UK

2.复数名词表示泛指,表示一类人或事物时,可不用冠词。

e.g.I like vegetables.

3.在称呼、职业的名词前不用冠词。

e.g.Uncle Bob ;    Teacher Wang

4.当名词已有作定语的代词时不加冠词。

e.g.I'd like to buy this dress.

5. 在表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科和语言类的名词之前,不必加冠词。

They have breakfast at half past seven.  他们七点半吃早饭。

6. 在表示月份、星期、季节、节日等词之前,不必加冠词。

August is the eighth month of the year. 八月是一年中的第八个月。

7. 在一些固定搭配中不用冠词。常见的有:

go to school 去上学                      go to bed 上床睡觉

by bus/train 乘坐公共汽车/火车            in danger 在危险中

on earth 到底;究竟                        go to work 去上班

by bike骑自行车                          on foot步行

out of danger 脱离危险                     at noon/night 在中午/夜晚

【综合练习】

一、在需要的空格内填入冠词a,an或the。

1.Where are ___ balls? Are they under ___ chair?

2.---Who is that? 

   ---_____ girl in ____ hat?  I don’t know.

3.I have ____ apple. It’s in my bag. Can you see ____ apple?

4.This is ____ bag.          bag is under ____ desk.

5.Look at ____ map. It’s ___ map of ___ China.

6.Are they _____ twins? Yes, they are.

7.We are in _____ same school. But John is ____  American boy.

8. We must be polite to _____ old.

9. _____ moon goes around _____ earth.

10. Who is ____ first one to come here?

11. She goes to school by ____ bike, but yesterday  she went here in ____ car.

12. It’s ____ useful book. He is ____ unhappy boy.

13. ______ Smiths are having supper at home now

二、选择题。

1. There’s _____ apple on the table. _____ apple is for my little brother.

    A. a; An       B. an; An                C. the; An            D. an; The

2. Our Chinese teacher told us      interesting story and         story was about Thomas Edison.

   A. an; a         B. the; the       C. a; the           D. an; the

3. Lang Lang is        famous pianist. He plays       piano very well.

   A. a; the         B. the; the                  C. the;/                 D. a; /

4. Every morning he spends     hour doing exercise, then he goes to      work. 

   A. an; /     B. a; a                         C. a; /                  D. an; a

5. May is ________ fifth month of the year. It's ______ very pleasant month.

   A. the; the     B. the；a      C. a; a            D. the；/

6. —There is a chess match between a Korean player and AlphaGo.

     —It's very amazing. Playing ______ chess is usually ______  one­to­one game.

   A. the; a         B. the; an      C. /; a           D. /; an

7. —Have you seen the movie Wolf Warriors Ⅱ?

     —Yes.This is    educational film and it has become one of     most popular films in the world. 

    A. a; /      B. a; the  C. an; the         D. /; the

8. Many people are still in 　　　 habit of writing silly things in 　　　 public places. 

   A. the; /           B. a; the    C. the; the          D. a; /

9. —Hey, Li Ming. Do you have 　　　　 basketball? 

      —Yes, it’s over there, behind 　　　　 door. 

   A. a; a             B. the; the     C. a; the             D. the; a

10. There is      picture on the wall.           picture is mine.

     A. the; The     B. an; The      C. a; The            D. a; A

11. Do you still remember     story I've told you? I told you in        English.

     A. a; the            B. the; the      C. the; /               D. a; /

12. Lucy is      shy girl. But she is good at playing      volleyball. 

      A. a; the        B. an; the       C. a; the              D. a; /  

13. This is 　　 amazing story and it has become one of 　　 most popular stories. 

    A. a; /       B. a; the                     C. an; the   D. /; the

14. —Jim is 　　 careless boy. 

     —Yes. He always drops 　　“o” when he writes the word “dangerous”. 

    A. a; the         B. a; an          C. the; a    D. the; an

15. Wang Mei, 　　  18-year--old girl, went to Germany, 　　 European country

     yesterday. 

    A. a; a     B. an; an      C. a; an       D. an; a

参考答案见配套ppt

冠词总结：