高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点8--推理判断之写作手法（练模拟）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点8--推理判断之写作手法（练模拟），文件包含考点8--推理判断之写作手法教师版docx、考点8--推理判断之写作手法学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共54页， 欢迎下载使用。

高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过，如何有效地进二轮复习，如何在高考最关键时刻，梳理重点知识，如何回归课本、回归基础，是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法，供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。

考点8--推理判断之写作手法--练模拟--熟能生巧
1.【江苏省泰州市2022届高三第四次调研】
A blood test that accurately predicts a patient’s likelihood of dying from heart disease or a stroke (中风) has been developed.
Researchers took samples of blood from 22,949 people and analyzed the levels of about 5,000 proteins within it. They then used machine learning to detect whether there was a link between the proteins that circulate in a person’s bloodstream and their risk of heart disease. The study identified a particular “protein signature” that accurately predicts the chance of suffering a heart attack, stroke or heart failure over a four-year period.
Currently, doctors assess the likelihood of patients suffering heart problems by looking at factors including weight, blood pressure, age and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. However, blood protein analysis can provide more accurate clues to the state of a person’s health. The technology was found to be twice as accurate as existing tools at measuring a patient’s heart risk. The blood test could also provide a faster way of detecting whether patients’ existing medication (药物治疗) is working and helping to reduce their risk. Existing risk assessments struggle to do this.
The blood test was developed by SomaLogic, based in Boulder, Colorado. The company is also working with scientists at Imperial College London to help develop a blood test to detect cancer. Professor Elio Riboli said this could lead to widespread screening for many different types of cancers, which is not possible using existing techniques. His team will work with SomaLogic to analyze 15,000 blood samples from people who had developed cancer, comparing them with 10,000 samples from people who did not. The results will be used to establish whether there are protein markers that could indicate if someone is at risk from the disease.
In 2019, a trial began in Leeds to use SomaLogic’s technology to assess people’s risk of diabetes, and also the effectiveness of lifestyle changes in preventing the condition. Dr Michael Messenger, head of the Leeds Centre for Personalized Medicine and Health, said that it could help tailor treatments to individual patients. “Personalized medicine lets us take a deeper look at each person’s individual biology, so we can better understand what the right advice or treatment, at the right time, might be.”
12．What can be learned from the second paragraph?
A．About 5,000 proteins exist in people’s blood.
B．Different methods were adopted in the research.
C．Altogether 22,949 people volunteered for the study.
D．The “protein signature” in the blood causes heart diseases.
13．How is the third paragraph developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By making classifications.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
14．What can be learned from the passage?
A．Personalized medicine is becoming a tendency.
B．Protein markers will indicate some risks of cancer.
C．SomaLogic’s technology will have a wider application.
D．Blood protein analysis is most advanced in predicting diseases.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．New approaches to doing blood tests.
B．An easy way to prevent deadly diseases.
C．The advantages of blood protein analysis.
D．A blood test to predict the risk of heart attack death.
【答案】12．B13．C14．C15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新开发出来的血液测试，能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风的可能性。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Researchers took samples of blood from 22,949 people and analyzed the levels of about 5,000 proteins within it. They then used machine learning to detect whether there was a link between the proteins that circulate in a person’s bloodstream and their risk of heart disease.”（研究人员采集了22949个人的血液样本，分析了其中约5000种蛋白质的含量。然后，他们利用机器学习来检测血液中循环的蛋白质与心脏病风险之间是否存在联系。）可知，研究中分别采用了采集血液样本和利用机器检测等方式，由此可知，研究中采用了不同的方法。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“However, blood protein analysis can provide more accurate clues to the state of a person’s health. The technology was found to be twice as accurate as existing tools at measuring a patient’s heart risk.”（然而，血液蛋白质分析可以为一个人的健康状况提供更准确的线索。研究发现，该技术在测量患者心脏风险方面的准确度是现有工具的两倍。）可知，第三段中将血液检测和现有工具在测量患者心脏风险方面的准确度上进行了对比，血液蛋白质分析能够提供更准确的线索，准确度是现有工具的两倍，由此可知，第三段是通过进行比较展开的。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Professor Elio Riboli said this could lead to widespread screening for many different types of cancers, which is not possible using existing techniques. ”（埃利奥·里博利教授说，这可能导致对许多不同类型癌症的广泛筛查，而这是使用现有技术所不可能做到的）可知，由此可知，SomaLogic的技术将有更广泛的应用。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“A blood test that accurately predicts a patient’s likelihood of dying from heart disease or a stroke (中风) has been developed.”（一种能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风可能性的血液测试已经开发出来。）可知，文章主要介绍了一种新开发出来的血液测试，能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风的可能性，由此可知，文章主要讲的是预测心脏病发作死亡风险的血液测试。故选D项。
2.【2022届山东师范大学附属中学高三考前打靶】
Stewart，a California vet at an animal shelter，makes calls to pet owners who have no place to call home again．He has his own practice in town，yet he still finds time for street pets. He’s helped roughly 400 animals since 2011，mostly dogs but also a few cats.
It a11 started in 2011，and the Great Recession(大萧条)had spilled a lot of unfortunate people onto the streets．A small dog sat in a homeless man’s lap. Stewart noticed its signs of an allergic reaction to fleas．He approached the man and offered to bring flea medication for the dog’s skin. The man said after the treatment，his dog was soon restored to health．
Since then，Stewart has often been found wandering dark alleyways(小巷)and underpass，anywhere he thinks the homeless might be camped out．Stewart pays for almost a11 of the expenses out of his own pocket．
As for the question whether the homeless should even have pets，Stewart determines that more than anybody，they need a pet and deserve a pet and the owner is the pet’s home．There’s one more pressing reason for the homeless to have their pets．“I can’t tell you how many times people told me their animals are their reason for getting up in the morning，”Stewart says．
One of those people is Joe，a white-haired middle-aged man who has landed on rough times．He says that his black-and-white mixed breed is his life．“When I first hit the streets，I was almost to the point where I had given up，”he says．“It is so lucky to have somebody like Dr．Stewart come out here to take care of my dog，which matters a lot”．
“When you give back，there is something you get in return that feels much larger．I knew I wanted to keep doing it，”Stewart says．
4．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The unexpected financial crisis in 2011．
B．The medical treatment to homeless pets．
C．The motivation for Stewart’s being a street vet．
D．Steward’s encounter with his first street pet patient．
5．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Some homeless people are in need of pets’company．
B．The homeless are incapable of attending to their pets．
C．Steward is devoted to practicing medicine in the street．
D．People have a negative attitude to the homeless having pets．
6．Why does the author mention Joe in the text?
A．To show sympathy to the homeless．
B．To argue for the significance of pets．
C．To give credit to what Stewart did．
D．To call on people to care for the homeless．
7．What does Stewart’s story try to convey?
A．It’s never too late to mend．
B．Street pets serve as life savers．
C．Small deeds make a big difference．
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed．
【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．B
【解析】 本文是记叙文，兽医斯图尔特免费帮助街头流浪汉诊治宠物，让无家可归的人们感受到生活的希望。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It a11 started in 2011, and the Great Recession(大萧条)had spilled a lot of unfortunate people onto the streets．A small dog sat in a homeless man’s lap. Stewart noticed its signs of an allergic reaction to fleas” （它始于2011年，当时的经济大衰退让许多不幸的人流落街头。一只小狗坐在一个流浪汉的腿上。斯图尔特注意到它对跳蚤过敏的迹象。）可知，本段主要介绍了斯图尔特如何开始治疗第一个街头宠物，故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段“Stewart determines that more than anybody，they need a pet and deserve a pet and the owner is the pet’s home”
（斯图尔特认为他们比任何人都需要一只宠物，也值得拥有一只宠物，而主人就是宠物的家。）可知，一些流浪汉需要宠物的陪伴。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据前一段“I can’t tell you how many times people told me their animals are their reason for getting up in the morning，”Stewart says．（斯图尔特说:“我不知道有多少次人们告诉我，他们的动物是他们早上起床的原因”），紧接着下一段提到one of those people is Joe，可知，此处Joe就是前文的人们的一员，所以作者提到Joe的原因是为了来证明宠物的重要性。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段“He says that his black-and-white mixed breed is his life．“When I first hit the streets，I was almost to the point where I had given up，”he says．“It is so lucky to have somebody like Dr．St” （他说他的黑白混血儿就是他的生命。“当我第一次走上街头时，我几乎到了放弃的地步，”他说。“能有Stewart医生这样的人来照顾我的狗真是太幸运了，这很重要。”）可知，宠物对于流浪汉非常重要，街头宠物可以拯救生命。故选B项。
3.【2022届吉林省长春市普通高等学校招生全国统一考试临考押题卷（B）】
ETH Zurich researchers led by robotics professor Marco Hutter have developed a new control approach that enables a legged robot, called ANYmal, to move quickly and steadily over difficult landform. Thanks to machine learning, the robot can combine its visual perception (感知) of the environment with its sense of touch for the first time.
Steep sections on slippery ground, high steps, stone and forest trails full of roots: the path up the 1098-metre-high Mount Etzel at the southern end of Lake Zurich is filled with masses of barriers. But ANYmal, the legged robot from the Robotic Systems Lab at ETH Zurich, overcomes the 120 vertical metres effortlessly in a 31-minute hike. That’s 4 minutes faster than the evaluated duration for human hikers and with no falls or missteps.
This is made possible by a new control technology, which researchers at ETH Zurich led by Marco Hutter recently presented in the journal Science Robotics. “The robot has learned to combine visual perception of its environment with its sense of touch based on direct leg contact (接触). This allows it to cope with rough landform faster, more efficiently and, above all, more steadily,” Hutter says.
Before the robot could put its abilities to the test in the real world, Marco Hutter exposed the system to masses of barriers and sources of error in a virtual training camp. This let the network learn the perfect way for the robot to overcome barriers, as well as when it can rely on environmental data and when it would do better to ignore that data. “With this training, the robot is able to master the most difficult natural landform without having seen it before,” says ETH Zurich Professor Hutter.
In the future, ANYmal can be used anywhere that is too dangerous for humans or too impassable for other
robots. Whether after an earthquake, after a nuclear disaster, or during a forest fire, robots like ANYmal can be used primarily wherever it is too dangerous for humans and where other robots cannot cope with the difficult landform.
12．How was ANYmal’s 120-vertical-metre hike in the end?
A．Tough. B．Successful. C．Challenging. D．Attractive.
13．How is the third paragraph developed?
A．By analyzing reasons. B．By making comparisons.
C．By listing data. D．By giving examples.
14．What can be inferred about ANYmal?
A．It had no trouble in a long hike. B．It has been applied to test landform.
C．It needed tests before being put into use. D．It overcame barriers based on indirect leg contact.
15．What does the author convey in the last paragraph?
A．Disasters’ severity. B．Humans’ limitation.
C．ANYmal’s future appearance. D．ANYmal’s development potential.
【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为ANYmal的步行机器人及它的作用。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“But ANYmal, the legged robot from the Robotic Systems Lab at ETH Zurich, overcomes the 120 vertical metres effortlessly in a 31-minute hike. That’s 4 minutes faster than the evaluated duration for human hikers and with no falls or missteps.”（但苏黎世联邦理工学院机器人系统实验室的步行机器人ANYmal在31分钟的徒步旅行中轻松地克服了120米的垂直距离。这比人类徒步旅行者估计的持续时间快4分钟，而且没有摔倒或失误。）可知，ANYmal轻松完成了120米的垂直距离的徒步旅行，而且没有摔倒或失误，由此可知，ANYmal的120米垂直徒步旅行最终的结果是成功的。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“This is made possible by a new control technology, which researchers at ETH Zurich led by Marco Hutter recently presented in the journal Science Robotics. “The robot has learned to combine visual perception of its environment with its sense of touch based on direct leg contact (接触). This allows it to cope with rough landform faster, more efficiently and, above all, more steadily,” Hutter says.”（这是由一种新的控制技术实现的，由马尔科·赫特领导的苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员最近在《科学机器人学》杂志上介绍了这项技术。赫特说：“机器人已经学会了将对环境的视觉感知与基于直接腿部接触的触觉相结合。这使得它能够更快、更有效、更稳定地应对崎岖的地形。”
）可知，上文介绍了机器人ANYmal轻松完成了120米的垂直距离的徒步旅行，本段内容介绍了ANYmal能够完成这一任务的原因，这是由一种新的控制技术实现的，由此可知，第三段是通过分析原因展开的。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Before the robot could put its abilities to the test in the real world, Marco Hutter exposed the system to masses of barriers and sources of error in a virtual training camp.”（在机器人能够在现实世界中测试其能力之前，马尔科·赫特在虚拟训练营中将该系统暴露于大量障碍和错误源中。）可知，机器人能够在现实世界中应用之前，需要在虚拟训练营中进行反复测试，由此可推断出，ANYmal在投入使用之前需要进行测试。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“In the future, ANYmal can be used anywhere that is too dangerous for humans or too impassable for other robots. Whether after an earthquake, after a nuclear disaster, or during a forest fire, robots like ANYmal can be used primarily wherever it is too dangerous for humans and where other robots cannot cope with the difficult landform.”（未来，ANYmal可以用于任何对人类来说太危险或对其他机器人来说太难通行的地方。无论是在地震后、核灾难后，还是在森林火灾期间，像ANYmal这样的机器人都可以主要用于任何对人类来说太危险的地方，以及其他机器人无法应对的困难地形。）可知，本段内容主要介绍了ANYmal的发展潜力，未来，ANYmal可以用于任何对人类来说太危险或对其他机器人来说太难通行的地方，由此可知，作者在最后一段介绍了ANYmal的发展潜力。故选D项。
4.【2022届河南省豫南省级示范高中联盟高三下学期考前模拟三】
Dogs can’t speak, but their brains respond to spoken words. Every dog owner knows that saying “Good dog!” in a happy, high voice will make their pet joyfully wag its tail. That made scientists curious: What exactly happens in your dog’s brain when it hears praise, and is it similar to the way our own brain processes such information?
When a person gets others’ compliment, the more primitive, subcortical auditory regions (皮层下听觉区) first reacts to the intonation — the emotional force of spoken words. Next, the brain taps the more recently evolved auditory cortex (听觉皮层) to figure out the meaning of the words, which is learned.
In 2016, a team of scientists discovered that dogs’ brains, like those of humans, compute the intonation and meaning of a word separately — although dogs use their right brain to do so, whereas we use our left one. Still, a puzzle remained: Do their brains go through the same steps to process approval?
It’s an important question, because dogs are a speechless species, yet they respond correctly to our words. For instance, some dogs are capable of recognising thousands of names of individual objects, and can link each name to a specific object.
When the scientists studied scans of the brains of pet dogs, they found that theirs, like ours, process the sounds
of spoken words in this manner — analyzing first the emotional component with the older region of the brain, the subcortical regions, and then the words’ meaning with the newer part, the cortex.
See why dogs are so successful at partnering with us? Dogs and humans last shared a common ancestor some 100 million years ago, so it’s likely that our brains respond to sounds in a similar way. As domesticated animals that have evolved alongside humans for the past 10,000 years, dogs make special use of it to process human emotions. You know, what we say really matters to dogs!
12．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “compliment”?
A．Reply. B．Praise. C．Warning. D．Advice.
13．What is the first step a dog’s brain goes through to process approval?
A．Linking it to an object. B．Analyzing the emotion.
C．Working out its meaning. D．Tapping the auditory cortex.
14．How does the writer develop the text?
A．By comparing opinions. B．By raising examples.
C．By providing answers to questions. D．By analyzing causes and effects.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Dogs—good listeners
B．Dogs—perfect partners
C．Dogs and humans share a common ancestor actually
D．Dogs understand spoken words the same way we do
【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对狗对语言信息的处理方式进行了说明。
12．词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“What exactly happens in your dog’s brain when it hears praise, and is it similar to the way our own brain processes such information?”（当你的狗听到赞美时，它的大脑到底发生了什么?它和我们大脑处理这些信息的方式相似吗?）可知，下文是分析了人类大脑处理赞美信息的方式，所以compliment意为“赞扬”。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段中“analyzing first the emotional component with the older region of the brain”（首先用大脑旧区域分析情感成分）可知，狗的大脑分析赞同要做的第一步是分析情感。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“What exactly happens in your dog’s brain when it hears praise, and is it similar to the way our own brain processes such information?”
（当你的狗听到赞美时，它的大脑到底发生了什么?它和我们大脑处理这些信息的方式相似吗?）第三段最后一句“Still, a puzzle remained: Do their brains                    go through the same steps to process approval?”（然而，仍然有一个谜：它们的大脑在审批过程中会经历同样的步骤吗？）和最后一段第一句“See why dogs are so successful at partnering with us?”（明白为什么狗能如此成功地与人类合作了吗？）可知，文章是通过提出问题并给出答案的方式组织内容的。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段第二句“Dogs and humans last shared a common ancestor some 100 million years ago, so it’s likely that our brains respond to sounds in a similar way. ”（狗和人类最后拥有共同的祖先大约是在1亿年前，所以我们的大脑对声音的反应很可能是类似的。）可知，文章最好的标题是“狗和我们一样能听懂别人说的话”。故选D。
5.【2022届海南省海口市高三学生学科能力诊断（二）】
Do you like to drink Coca-Cola? You can thank enslaved Africans. They brought the kola nut — one of the main parts of Coca-Cola — to what is now the United States. They also brought watermelon, black-eyed peas, some peppers and many more. These foods are eaten in the U.S. today. They show how Africans forced into slavery — beginning in the 1500s — influenced the American diet.
History professor Frederick Opie wrote a book about some of the foods that connect Africa and America—Soul Food from Africa to America. He says, “If you know what people eat, you can find out where they’re from.”
Opie explains that people who were bringing enslaved Africans to North America wanted to keep them alive and earn a profit. As a result, Africans on the slave ships were fed food they knew and liked. Those foods landed along with the people. Fruit and vegetables brought from Africa grew well in America. One reason is that enslaved Africans planted their own gardens to help feed themselves. In time, the plants from Africa slowly moved from gardens of the enslaved to those of the wealthy and powerful. For example, the homes of U.S. presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson had gardens planted with seeds from Africa.
Those fruit and vegetables changed the way cooks made foods in America. Take pies as an example. In England, pies were made with meat. African-Americans took the English meat pie and made it with fruit or vegetables, such as sweet potatoes. Yet for the most part, the skilled black chefs have been written out of American history. In fact, both their work and their skill shaped American food. Some ways of cooking that are well-known in the U.S. today were reported in West Africa before 1500. They include deep frying fish and barbecuing meats.
8．What can be known from the first two paragraphs?
A．Peppers aren’t to most Americans’ taste.
B．Africans are the real creator of Coca-Cola.
C．Eating habits generally differ from place to place.
D．Africans and Americans learn from each other in cooking.
9．Why are two American presidents mentioned in paragraph 3?
A．To show African plants were spreading in the U.S.
B．To confirm Americans enjoyed growing their own gardens.
C．To explain why African plants could grow well in America.
D．To prove seeds from Africa were popular with American presidents.
10．How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing differences.
C．By following time order. D．By giving examples.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Many American Foods Aren’t American at All
B．How Enslaved Africans Influenced American Diet
C．The Journey of Slaves: from Africa to America
D．Why African Foods Can Grasp Americans' Stomachs
【答案】8．C9．A10．D11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了被运送到美国做奴隶的非洲人是如何影响美国人的饮食的。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you know what people eat, you can find out where they’re from.(如果你知道人们吃什么，你就能知道他们来自哪里)”可知，饮食习惯通常因地而异。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In time, the plants from Africa slowly moved from gardens of the enslaved to those of the wealthy and powerful. For example, the homes of U.S. presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson had gardens planted with seeds from Africa.(随着时间的推移，来自非洲的植物慢慢地从奴隶的花园转移到有钱有势的人的花园里。例如，美国总统乔治·华盛顿和托马斯·杰斐逊的家里就种植了来自非洲的种子)”可推知，本段中提到两位美国总统是为了说明非洲植物在美国的传播。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Those fruit and vegetables changed the way cooks made foods in America. Take pies as an example. In England, pies were made with meat. African-Americans took the English meat pie and made it with fruit or vegetables, such as sweet potatoes. Yet for the most part, the skilled black chefs have been written
out of American history. In fact, both their work and their skill shaped American food. Some ways of cooking that are well-known in the U.S. today were reported in West Africa before 1500. They include deep frying fish and barbecuing meats.(这些水果和蔬菜改变了美国厨师制作食物的方式。以馅饼为例。在英国，馅饼是用肉做的。非裔美国人将英式肉饼与水果或蔬菜（如红薯）一起做成。然而，在很大程度上，技艺高超的黑人厨师已经从美国历史上消失了。事实上，他们的工作和技能塑造了美国食物。今天在美国很有名的一些烹饪方法在1500年前就在西非出现了。它们包括炸鱼和烤肉)”可推断，作者主要是以举例的方式写最后一段的。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“They show how Africans forced into slavery — beginning in the 1500s — influenced the American diet.(它们展示了从16世纪开始，非洲人被迫成为奴隶，如何影响了美国人的饮食)”结合文章主要讲述了被运送到美国做奴隶的非洲人是如何影响美国人的饮食的。故B项“被奴役的非洲人是如何影响美国人的饮食的”适合作本文的标题。故选B。
6.【2022届湖南省雅礼十六校高三第二次大联考】
One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
“What’s happened to me?” he thought. It wasn’t a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls. A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table—Samsa was a travelling salesman—and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted out with a fur hat and fur scarf who sat upright, raising a heavy fur muff (暖手筒) that covered the whole of her lower arm towards the viewer.
Gregor then turned to look out the window at the dull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hitting the window, which made him feel quite sad. “How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense,” he thought, but that was something he was unable to do because he was used to sleeping on his right, and in his present state couldn’t get into that position. However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn’t have to look at the floundering legs, and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dull pain there that he had never felt before.
He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this
takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there’s the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.” He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.
He slid back into his former position. “Getting up early all the time,” he thought, “it makes you stupid. You’ve got to get enough sleep. Other travelling salesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever I go back to the guest house during the morning to copy out the contract, these gentlemen are always still sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I’d get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best thing for me. If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! And it’s a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.
“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”
12．According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a ________.
A．curse
B．disease
C．nightmare
D．fraud
13．The author most likely includes a description of Gregor’s itch in paragraph 4 to ________.
A．remind the reader that Gregor has already turned into an insect
B．stress the disconnection between Gregor’s thoughts and his actual situation
C．present important details about what Gregor’s new body looks like
D．show that Gregor’s thoughts are focused on the changes to his body
14．The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about Gregor’s attitude toward his profession?
A．He is angry.
B．He is eager to please.
C．He is depressed.
D．He is diligent.
15．The main rhetorical (修辞的) effect of the final sentence of the excerpt （“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”） is to ________.
A．provide a solution to the conflict Gregor faces
B．foretell the conflict between Gregor and his boss
C．illustrate Gregor’s flexibility and ability to move on
D．emphasize Gregor’s extreme sense of duty
【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章选自Franz Kafka的小说《变形记》。节选部分叙述了文章的主人公Gregor在早晨醒来时发现自己变成了一只可怕的虫子。文章叙述了Gregor为了养活家人尽心尽责，常年奔波在外。辛苦支撑着整个家庭的花销。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect.( 一天早晨，格里高尔·萨姆沙从噩梦中醒来，发现自己躺在床上变成了一只可怕的虫子。)”可知，发现自己在床上变成了一只可怕的虫子让格里高尔·萨姆沙觉得是一场噩梦。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.(他感到肚子上有点痒；慢慢地把自己背朝床头板推了起来，这样他就能更好地抬起头来；他找到了痒的地方，发现痒上布满了许多白色的小斑点，他不知道是怎么回事；当他试着用一条腿去摸那个地方的时候，他很快就把腿缩回去了，因为他一摸到腿，就感到一阵寒颤。)”可知，本段描述Gregor的痒的情况，是强调他的大脑无法与他的行动保持联系，即思维和实际情况断开联系了。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there's the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different
people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.”(他想：“我选择了一个多么沉重的职业啊!日复一日地旅行。像这样做生意比在家里做生意要花更多的精力，除此之外，还有旅行的诅咒，担心换乘火车，糟糕和不规律的食物，总是要接触不同的人，所以你永远无法了解任何人或与他们友好。”)”和文章第五段“Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.( 好吧，还是有希望的；等我攒够了钱，还清了父母欠他的债——我想再过五六年——我肯定会这么做。那是我要做出重大改变的时候。)”可知，一旦有机会，就会改变现状，不做这份工作，由此可知，他对工作的态度是愤怒的。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! And it’s a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.( 如果我没有父母要考虑，我早就辞职了，我早就去找老板，告诉他我的想法，告诉他我想说的一切，让他知道我的感受。他会从桌子上摔下来!坐在你的办公桌前，居高临下地对你的下属说话是一件很有趣的事情，尤其是当你不得不近距离地面对老板，因为老板听力不好。好吧，还是有希望的；等我攒够了钱，还清了父母欠他的债——我想再过五六年——我肯定会这么做。那是我要做出重大改变的时候。)”和文章最后一段““First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”(“首先，我得起床了，火车5点开。”)”可知，Gregor为父母着想，为了还债，做了一份自己不喜欢的工作。虽然抱怨工作的辛苦，但为了实现自己的目标，还是会努力的。由此可以推断出他是一个有责任心的人。所以最后一句“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”是表明他是一个非常有责任心的人。故选D。
7.【2022届重庆市普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考模拟调研卷（三）】
If there’s one thing the UK is really good at, it’s saving its butterflies. The Butterfly Conservation program in the UK is the world’s largest conservation organization dedicated to saving rare and endangered insects. And recently, thanks to the efforts of UK farmers, the country’s rarest butterfly, the Duke of Burgundy butterfly, has been saved.
Ten years ago, if you were in the UK, you could only find this species in the North York Moors and the southern Lake District. The population of this butterfly experienced a significant drop of nearly 46% in the 90s and
00s which made it the rarest species in the UK at the time. However, thanks to the Butterfly Conservation organization and the efforts of many landowners, things are looking up.
Back in 2011, the Butterfly Conservation launched the Dukes on the Edge program that focused on restoring 23 hectares of habitat, providing management advice for more than 147 sites where the Duke butterflies are found, and getting over 1, 000 volunteers to help carry the conservation effort. Both local citizens and land owners joined the program, and as a result, the population of this species has grown by 25% in the last decade.
The recovery of the Duke was solidified when a butterfly enthusiast found the largest single colony in the UK. Located quietly on the hills of a dairy farm, the colony was the result of the efforts of a farmer who has proudly been supporting the habitat for over two decades. The good news is that the Duke butterfly is no longer the UK’s rarest, and the Butterfly Conservation organization continues to save dying species at maximum speed. They even convinced the UK government to include butterflies and moths as formal biodiversity indicators.
8．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To give background information. B．To summarize the main idea.
C．To provide strong supporting proof. D．To attract readers’ attention.
9．How is paragraph 3 developed?
A．By listing statistics. B．By giving examples.
C．By providing comments. D．By making a comparison.
10．What does the underlined word “solidified” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Interrupted. B．Changed.
C．Noticed. D．Strengthened.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The UK Butterfly Conservation Program Works
B．UK Butterflies Welcome a New Species
C．UK Farmers Save a Butterfly from Extinction
D．UK Government Cooperates to Save Butterflies
【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的蝴蝶保护计划是世界上最大的保护组织，致力于拯救稀有和濒危昆虫，以及英国通过农民的努力如何拯救一种濒临绝种的蝴蝶——勃艮第公爵蝴蝶。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段二、三句“The Butterfly Conservation program in the UK is the world’s largest
conservation organization dedicated to saving rare and endangered insects. And recently, thanks to the efforts of UK farmers, the country’s rarest butterfly, the Duke of Burgundy butterfly, has been saved.(英国的蝴蝶保护计划是世界上最大的保护组织，致力于拯救稀有和濒危昆虫。最近，在英国农民的努力下，这个国家最稀有的蝴蝶——勃艮第公爵蝴蝶——得救了)”可知，本段是对全文主要内容的总结，介绍英国的蝴蝶保护计划以及对勃艮第公爵蝴蝶的保护，所以B选项“To summarize the main idea.(总结大意)”正确。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“restoring 23 hectares of habitat(恢复23公顷的栖息地)”“more than 147 sites(超过147个地点)”“getting over 1, 000 volunteers(邀请1000多名志愿者）”“this species has grown by 25% in the last decade（这个物种的数量在过去十年中增长了25%)”可知，该段用列数据的方式介绍了蝴蝶保护组织发起了“边缘公爵”项目以及取得的成果，所以A选项“By listing statistics.(列数据)”正确。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据画线词后面的“when a butterfly enthusiast found the largest single colony in the UK.(当一名蝴蝶爱好者发现了英国最大的单个蝴蝶群)”可知，由于发现了蝴蝶群，因此对勃艮第公爵蝴蝶的恢复就起到了积极的作用，因此D选项“Strengthened(巩固，加强)”符合逻辑。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段二、三句“The Butterfly Conservation program in the UK is the world’s largest conservation organization dedicated to saving rare and endangered insects. And recently, thanks to the efforts of UK farmers, the country’s rarest butterfly, the Duke of Burgundy butterfly, has been saved.(英国的蝴蝶保护计划是世界上最大的保护组织，致力于拯救稀有和濒危昆虫。最近，在英国农民的努力下，这个国家最稀有的蝴蝶——勃艮第公爵蝴蝶——得救了)”以及最后一段倒数第二句“The good news is that the Duke butterfly is no longer the UK’s rarest, and the Butterfly Conservation organization continues to save dying species at maximum speed.(好消息是公爵蝴蝶不再是英国最稀有的物种，蝴蝶保护组织继续以最快的速度拯救濒临灭绝的物种)”可知，全文讲述了英国通过农民的努力如何拯救一种濒临绝种的蝴蝶，所以C选项“UK Farmers Save a Butterfly from Extinction(英国农民拯救一种濒临绝种的蝴蝶)”正确。故选C项。
8.【2022届河北保定市高三第一次模拟】
Extremely energetic light from space is an unexplained wonder. Scientists don’t know where that light comes from, exactly. And now astronomers have spotted this light, called gamma (伽马) rays, at higher energies than ever before.
You can’t see gamma rays with your eyes. They are much more energetic than the light that we can see. So you need a fancy detector to spot them. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, LHAASO, is an experiment in China. It searches for extremely high energy gamma rays.
Scientists have spotted 12 gamma-ray hot spots. These are parts of the sky from which the gamma rays are
sent out. Those hot spots show that our galaxy, the Milky Way, has powerful particle accelerators (加速器). But those particle accelerators aren’t made by humans. Instead, they come from violent events in the universe. They might be exploding stars, for example. Such violent events make electric and magnetic fields, which can speed up protons (质子) and electrons. Those fast particles can then produce gamma rays with a lot of energy. That can happen when protons interact with other matter in space, for example.
Scientists aren’t sure what could produce gamma rays with the extreme energies observed. But the new observations point to two possibilities. One hot spot was associated with the Crab Nebula. That’s the remains of an exploded star. Another possible source was the Cygnus Cocoon. That's a region where massive stars are forming. The stars send out intense winds in the process.
LHAASO is located on Haizi Mountain in China’s Sichuan province. It is not yet fully operational. It's due to be completed later this year. Then, it could find even more gamma rays.
32．What can we learn about gamma rays?
A．They are invisible. B．They are often ignored.
C．They contain little energy. D．They are used to explore universe.
33．Why are some examples used in paragraph 3?
A．To make the explanation lively. B．To help understand the Milky Way.
C．To illustrate the universe is expanding. D．To show how gamma rays might be produced.
34．Which word can describe the astronomical observation mentioned in this text?
A．Disappointing. B．Exciting. C．Accurate. D．Unconfirmed.
35．What is a suitable title of this text?
A．Gamma Rays Come from Multiple Sources B．The Universe Is Exploding with Great Energy
C．Light from Space Has Recorded-Breaking Energy D．Gamma Rays Can Only Be Seen by Astronauts
【答案】32．A33．D34．D35．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要围绕天文学家发现的能量巨大的伽马射线展开。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“You can’t see gamma rays with your eyes.(你的眼睛看不到伽马射线。)”可知，伽马射线是肉眼看不见的。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段中“they come from violent events in the universe. They might be exploding stars, for example.(它们来自宇宙中的剧烈事件。例如，它们可能是正在爆炸的恒星。)”以及“Those fast particles can then produce gamma rays with a lot of energy. That can happen when protons interact with other matter in space, for
example.(这些快速的粒子可以产生大量能量的伽马射线。例如，当质子与空间中的其他物质相互作用时，这种情况就会发生。)”可知，分别举例说明恒星爆炸是宇宙中的一种强烈事件，这种强烈事件产生强电磁场，加速质子和电子的运动，进而产生强能伽马射线。所以本段中的例子是为了说明伽马射线很可能出自这些宇宙中的强烈事件。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Scientists aren’t sure what could produce gamma rays with the extreme energies observed.(科学家们不确定是什么能产生观测到的极端能量的伽马射线。)”可知，天文观测的结果尚不能确定。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。这是一篇新闻，根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的主题句“And now astronomers have spotted this light, called gamma (伽马) rays, at higher energies than ever before.(现在，天文学家发现了这种被称为伽马射线的光，其能量比以往任何时候都要高。)”可知，本文主要围绕天文学家发现的能量巨大的伽马射线展开。故选C。
9.【2022届江苏省连云港市高三第二次调研】
In the forest, trees often give each other space to reach for the sky,a habit that humans can learn from when it comes to setting personal boundaries.
Next time you go for a walk in a forest or woodland take a moment to look above you. You might find that the crown(树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space.
Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole.
When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals,and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (护城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when.
Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the
self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships.
32．What is “crown shyness”?
A．A crown with channel-like gaps.
B．A forest with umbrella-shaped crowns.
C．A behavior that trees give each other space.
D．A phenomenon that trees compete for space.
33．How does the author develop Paragraph 3?
A．By telling a story.
B．By giving an example.
C．By defining a concept.
D．By making a comparison.
34．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The effects of ignoring boundaries.
B．The meaning of taking responsibilities.
C．The importance of setting personal boundaries.
D．The methods of managing individual resources.
35．What is the author’s attitude to marking out a boundary?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Conservative.
【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．A
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述人与人之间要建立界限。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段“You might find that the crown(树冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space.”(你可能会发现王冠就像一把令人窒息的伞，在树顶之间有沟壑状的缝隙。自20世纪20年代以来，这种现象在世界范围内都有记录，被称为“王冠性羞怯”。当树木互相给予空间时就会发生这种情况。)可知，“crown shyness”是树木在生长过程中的相互给与对方空间的行为。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的）respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（缠绕）with one resistant to disease, it
shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries help trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole.”(即使当树木紧密地生长在一起时，它们也表现出对生物的尊重和好处。“已婚”的树就是这样——一棵树与一棵抗病树缠结在一起，它就分享了它的朋友的优势。保持健康的边界有助于树木保持良好的健康，管理资源和保护整个森林。)可知，这一段通过用“已婚”的树做例子来证明即使当树木紧密地生长在一起时，它们也表现出对生物的尊重和好处。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据第四段“When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals, and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people’s. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (护城河）around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who and what comes in and when.”(当人类不尊重界限时，个人的情感和物质资源，以及社区都会受到影响。在这个意义上，边界是一个概念上的边界。它有助于建立你的结束和其他人的开始。这意味着只对自己的情绪和行为负责，而不是别人的。你可以把你的边界想象成城堡周围的护城河，有一座吊桥可以升降。作为你城堡的守门人，你决定谁进来，什么时候进来。)可知，这一段主要陈述建立边界的重要性体现。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self-worth and self-care needed to function at your best in relationships.”(当然，划清界限需要时间，有些人可能会对你做的任何改变感到不满。然而，在你和世界其他地方之间建立一条清晰的界线，对于建立自我价值和自我照顾是必不可少的，这些都是你在人际关系中处于最佳状态所必需的。)可知，作者对于人与人之间划清界限是支持的态度。故选A。
10.【辽宁省名校联盟2022届高三二轮复习联考（一）新高考Ⅱ卷】
University of Minnesota Twin Cities College of Science and Engineering researchers have invented a cheaper, safer, and simpler technology that will allow a “stubborn” group of metals and metal oxides to be made into thin films used in many electronics, computer components, and other applications. The researchers applied for a patent for the technology and have already gained interests from industry.
Many metals and their compounds must be made into thin films before they can be used in technological products like electronics. “Stubborn” metals are very difficult to convert into thin films because they require extremely high temperatures (usually more than 2, 000 degrees Celsius) to evaporate (蒸发). Typically, scientists combine these metal films using techniques like sputtering and electron beam evaporation (溅射和电子束蒸发).
The latter consists of melting and evaporating metals at high temperatures and allowing a film to form on the top. But, this conventional method is very expensive, uses a lot of energy, and may also be unsafe due to the high voltage used.
Now, University of Minnesota researchers have developed a way to evaporate these metals at significantly lower temperatures, fewer than 200 degrees Celsius instead of several thousands. By designing and adding organic ligands (配体)—combinations of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms—to the metals, the researchers were able to substantially increase the materials' vapor pressures, making them easier to evaporate at lower temperatures. Not only is their new technique simpler, but it also makes higher quality materials that are easily expanding.
“The ability to make new materials with ease and control is essential to transition into a new era of energy economy,” said Bharat Jalan, the senior author of the study. “There is already a historical link between the innovation (革新) in synthesis science and the development of new technology. Millions of dollars go into making materials for various applications. Now, we've come up with a simpler and cheaper technology that enables better materials with atomic accuracy.”
These metals are used to make many products, from semiconductors for computer applications to display technology. We hope to see renewed interest in the more complex materials which contain these stubborn metals.
12．What does the author mean by saying “stubborn” metals?
A．The metals are complex to use. B．It is expensive to patent the metals.
C．It is dangerous to create the metals. D．The metals are hard to be made into thin films.
13．How do researchers increase the vapor pressures?
A．They increase the voltage while sputtering.
B．They raise the temperature to 2, 000 degrees Celsius.
C．They reduce the temperature to 200 degrees Celsius.
D．They add the atomic combinations to metals.
14．By what means does the author stress the advantage of the new technology?
A．By making comparisons. B．By describing process.
C．By giving examples. D．By stating arguments.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．New Technology to Use Metals B．New Time of Energy Economy
C．New Products Made from Metals D．New Links between Creation and Tradition
【答案】12．D13．D14．A15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。明尼苏达大学的研究人员发明了一种更便宜且更安全简便的技术，它可以将一组“顽固”的金属制成薄片。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Many metals and their compounds must be made into thin films before they can be used in technological products like electronics. “Stubborn” metals are very difficult to convert into thin films because they require extremely high temperatures (usually more than 2, 000 degrees Celsius) to evaporate (蒸发).(许多金属及其化合物必须制成薄膜才能用于电子产品等科技产品。“顽固”金属很难转化成薄膜，因为它们需要极高的温度(通常超过2000摄氏度)才能蒸发。)”可知，许多金属必须先制成薄片才能用于电子产品等科技产品。然而“顽固”金属很难转变成薄片。由此可知，作者所说的“顽固”金属的意思是这些金属很难被制成薄片。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“By designing and adding organic ligands (配体)—combinations of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms—to the metals, the researchers were able to substantially increase the materials' vapor pressures, making them easier to evaporate at lower temperatures.(通过设计和添加有机配体(碳、氢原子和氧原子的组合)到金属中，研究人员能够大幅增加材料的蒸气压，使它们更容易在较低的温度下蒸发。)”可知，通过设计和添加碳、氢和氧原子的组合到金属中，研究人员能够大幅提高材料的蒸汽压力，使其更容易在较低的温度下蒸发。由此可知，研究人员是通过在金属中添加原子组合来提高蒸汽压力的。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句“Typically, scientists combine these metal films using techniques like sputtering and electron beam evaporation (溅射和电子束蒸发). The latter consists of melting and evaporating metals at high temperatures and allowing a film to form on the top. But, this conventional method is very expensive, uses a lot of energy, and may also be unsafe due to the high voltage used.(通常情况下，科学家会利用溅射和电子束蒸发等技术将这些金属薄膜结合起来。后者包括在高温下熔化和蒸发金属，并在顶部形成薄膜。但是，这种传统的方法是非常昂贵的，使用大量的能源，也可能不安全的高压使用温度。)”可知，“顽固”金属需要2, 000摄氏度以上的高温才能蒸发，但是传统的蒸发技术太昂贵，且不安全。根据第三段“Not only is their new technique simpler, but it also makes higher quality materials that are easily expanding.( 他们的新技术不仅简单，而且还能制造出易于膨胀的高质量材料。)”可知，新技术使用更低的温度就可以蒸发“顽固”金属，不仅更简易安全，而且能制造易于扩展的更高质量的材料。由此可推知，作者通过新旧技术的对比来强调新技术的优势。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“University of Minnesota Twin Cities College of Science and Engineering researchers have invented a cheaper, safer, and simpler technology that will allow a “stubborn” group of metals and
metal oxides to be made into thin films used in many electronics, computer components, and other applications.(明尼苏达大学双城科学与工程学院的研究人员发明了一种更便宜、更安全、更简单的技术，可以将一组“顽固”的金属和金属氧化物制成用于许多电子产品、计算机部件和其他应用的薄膜。)”可知，明尼苏达大学的研究人员发明了一种更便宜、更安全且更简单的技术，该技术可以将一组“顽固”的金属制成用于许多电子产品、计算机组件和其他应用软件的薄片。该句是本文的主旨句。接着文章通过对新旧技术的对比具体介绍了这项技术的优点及其应用，因此“使用金属的新技术”最适合作文章标题。故选A。
11.【2022届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】
Bridges are a common sight in the Netherlands. But four bridges are particularly unusual: each 26-foot structure was fashioned from concrete by a giant robotic printer. They are part of a revolution (变革) that is seeing 3D printers move from the tabletop to the construction lot.
3D construction printers work a lot like home-office ones, except instead of ink they spit out concrete. Nozzles (喷嘴) run back and forth on rails, with computers controlling the time and speed, so that a layer of concrete is laid down where needed. By the time the slow-moving nozzle reaches the end of its path, the layer has usually hardened just enough to lay down another on top of the first, building up, layer-by-layer, a home-sized wall. With precise pattern of deposit, the nozzle can leave spaces for windows, doors, and other design and structural elements.
It takes about 24 hours of printing to build a 500-square-foot single-floor home. “The printing process delivers structure, wall-sheeting, inner and outer surface finishing, all at the same time,” says Jason Ballard, co-founder and CEO of ICON, an Austin, Texas company. “That normally takes 20 people representing five or six different trades working several days.”
3D construction printers are also less wasteful. A typical home construction site generates about four tons of waste. Because the concrete used in conventional construction is applied uniformly, regardless of whether it’s needed for structural support in a particular area or not, about half of the concrete is wasted. 3D printers, however, can vary the thickness of a structure with great precision, using concrete only where it is really needed.
So far, printed buildings have been modest, low-cost affairs. For instance, ICON printed a house in Austin, Texas, intended for families, at a cost of $10,000, and has a contract to print a total of six. Then it plans to take a printer down to Latin America to build 50 low-cost homes there.
12．Why does the author discuss the nozzle in Paragraph 2?
A．To analyze why the nozzle is so important. B．To confirm 3D construction printers are slow.
C．To explain how 3D construction printers work. D．To argue the precision of the nozzle needs improving.
13．What does Jason Ballard say about 3D construction printers?
A．They are highly efficient. B．They are a little complex.
C．They increase the building cost. D．They will replace builders one day.
14．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By describing a process. D．By analyzing causes.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Printed Bridges Become a Fashion in the Netherlands B．3D Printing Technology is Key to Housing Problems
C．Your House is Going to Be Greener in the Future D．Your Next House May Come Out of a 3D Printer
【答案】12．C13．A14．A15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章向我们介绍了3D打印在建筑方面的应用，主要讲了3D打印建房子的工作原理，以及和普通建造方法相比的优势。
12．推理判断题。文章第一段“They are part of a revolution that is seeing 3D printers move from the tabletop to the construction lot. (看到3D打印机从桌面转移到建筑工地,是革命的一部分。)”以及第二段“Nozzles run back and forth on rails, with computers controlling the time and speed, so that a layer of concrete is laid down where needed. (由电脑控制时间和速度，喷嘴在轨道上来回运行以便在需要的地方铺上一层混凝土。)”可知，第二段讲喷嘴的工作方式，是为了解释第一段3D打印机的工作方法。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段Jason Ballard的话，“The printing process delivers structure, wall-sheeting, inner and outer surface finishing, all at the same time. That normally takes 20 people representing five or six different trades working several days. (印刷过程中，打印机同时提供结构、墙板、内部和外部的表面处理。这通常需要来自五六个不同行业的20人工作数天。)”可知，Jason Ballard认为3D打印可以提供很多材料，又能同时完成很多人几天的工作量，因此效率很高。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“3D construction printers are also less wasteful. A typical home construction site generates about four tons of waste. (3D建筑打印机的浪费也较少。一个典型的房屋建筑工地会产生大约四吨的废物。)”可知，本段将3D打印和普通建筑工地进行对比。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“For instance, ICON printed a house in Austin, Texas, intended for families, at a cost of $10,000, and has a contract to print a total of six. Then it plans to take a printer down to Latin America to build 50 low-cost homes there.
(例如，ICON公司在德克萨斯州奥斯汀打印了一栋房子，打算提供给家庭居住，这套房子的成本为1万美元，这个公司一共签订了打印6栋房子的合同。之后，它计划将一台打印机带到拉丁美洲，在那里建造50个低成本的房屋。)”以及文章向我们介绍了3D打印在建筑方面的应用，主要讲了3D打印建房子的工作原理，以及和普通建造方法相比的优势。可知，3D打印机在未来可能给我们建造房子居住。 故选D项。
12.【2022届新疆维吾尔自治区高三年级第二次诊断性测试】
The Winter Olympic Games are not just an opportunity for athletes to win medals and honour for their countries. Every four years, the Games also offer audiences a chance to get to know more about winter sports from around the world. The Winter Olympics may not have the large crowds and huge stars of its summer sibling, but they share the same Olympic spirit.
One of the most popular sports of the Winter Olympic Games is skiing. Skiers compete in the downhill and slalom, and in the short and long cross-country ski races. Skiing was originally a sport played only in cold northern countries, but now athletes from all over the world compete in this sport, even those from countries without any snow.
Skaters compete with each other in speed races or in figure-skating events. The figure-skaters are generally considered to be the stars of the Winter Olympic Games. These ice princes and princesses are so graceful that it’s easy to forget that they are actually highly skilled athletes.
The skeleton is one of the strongest-named sports of the Winter Olympics. The skeleton is named after the shape of the metal sleds used in the 1890s, when the sport first started. The skeleton is a downhill sled race, usually on ice. This sport looks a little like the luge（无舵雪橇）, where a person sits on the back of the sled with his or her feet forward, but the skeleton is a lot more exciting and dangerous than that. In the skeleton, a person lies on his or her stomach on the sled, with his or her head pointing downhill!
12．What is the “summer sibling” of the Winter Olympics?
A．Summer ball games. B．All kinds of summer sports.
C．The Summer Olympics. D．Track and field events.
13．What do you know about the sport of skiing?
A．It was originally a sport played only in cold northern countries.
B．It’s named after the shape of the sleds used in the 1890s.
C．It is one of the strongest sports of the Olympics.
D．It can involve speed and graceful figures.
14．How does the writer describe figure-skaters?
A．They compete in the downhill.
B．They are ice princes and princesses with high skills.
C．They sit with their feet forward.
D．They lie on their stomachs on the sleds.
15．Which of the following sports can’t you find in the Summer Olympic Games?
A．Wrestling. B．Weight listing. C．Gymnastics. D．Ice hockey.
【答案】12．C13．A14．B15．D
【解析】本篇是说明文，文章主要介绍了几种冬季奥运会体育运动赛事项目。
12．词句猜测题。根据第一段中最后一句“The Winter Olympics may not have the large crowds and huge stars of its summer sibling, but they share the same Olympic spirit.（冬季奥运会没有夏季奥运会那样庞大的人群和耀眼的明星，但是它们有着共同的奥林匹克精神。）”，可知，它们有着相同的奥运精神，那说明也是同类型的奥运会，又因有“summer”提示，那么就是“The Summer Olympics”。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据文中第二段第三句话“Skiing was originally a sport played only in cold northern countries（滑雪原本只是一项仅在寒冷的北方国家的运动）”，可知A项符合题目要求，B和C项都是对“skeleton”的描述；D项描述“skaters”。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第2、3句话“The figure-skaters are generally considered to be the stars of the Winter Olympic Games. These ice princes and princesses are so graceful that it’s easy to forget that they are actually highly skilled athletes.（花样滑冰运动员通常被认为是冬季奥运会的明星。这些冰上的王子和公主是如此的优雅，以至于人们很容易忘记他们实际上是技术高超的运动员。）”,可知B选项“They are ice princes and princesses with high skills.（他们是技术高超的冰上王子和公主。）”是同一个意思。故选B。
15．推理判断题。A项“Wrestling（摔跤）”；B项“Weight lifting（举重）”；C项“Gymnastics（体操）”均是夏奥会的赛事项目，D项“Ice hockey（冰球）”因为冰球是冬季运动项目，那就不是夏奥会赛事项目。故选D。