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高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点8--推理判断之写作手法（技巧梳理）
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这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点8--推理判断之写作手法（技巧梳理），文件包含考点8--推理判断之写作手法技巧梳理教师版docx、考点8--推理判断之写作手法技巧梳理学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共20页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点8--推理判断之写作手法--讲考点--胸有成竹
【2022年推理判断之写作手法考点归纳】
【2023年高考命题预测】
推理判断之写作手法考点是高考中的常考点。作者在写作文章的时候总是要用一些写作手法，了解写作手法是学生阅读理解要掌握的内容之一。做这类题时，我们可以借鉴中文的一些写作手法，在写作方法上它们是相通的。预测在2023高考中，写作手法有可能会在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之写作手法考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
（1）Hw is the passage rganized?
（2）The authr develps the passage mainly by _________.
（3）The first paragraph serves as a（n） __________.
（4）The example f … is given t shw/illustrate that__________.
了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。考点
题型
推理判断之写作手法
阅读理解
2022
试卷类型
设问
考点
2021·北京卷
阅读D32．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
写作手法
2020
2020·全国新课标III
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
写作手法
2012
2020·全国新高考I山东卷
68.The authr explains the law f ver learning by_________.
写作手法
记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。
考例分析：
[2012·全国卷Ⅰ，D]
Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears.
One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials(尝试) increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn.
The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)fr an examinatin, thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt a satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn t frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne's future develpment.
68.The authr explains the law f ver learning by_________.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting dwn general rules
C. making a cmparisn
D. using examples
【答案】68. D
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记住儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续学习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them和The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
【试题精练】
1.【2022届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】
Bridges are a cmmn sight in the Netherlands. But fur bridges are particularly unusual: each 26-ft structure was fashined frm cncrete by a giant rbtic printer. They are part f a revlutin (变革) that is seeing 3D printers mve frm the tabletp t the cnstructin lt.
3D cnstructin printers wrk a lt like hme-ffice nes, except instead f ink they spit ut cncrete. Nzzles (喷嘴) run back and frth n rails, with cmputers cntrlling the time and speed, s that a layer f cncrete is laid dwn where needed. By the time the slw-mving nzzle reaches the end f its path, the layer has usually hardened just enugh t lay dwn anther n tp f the first, building up, layer-by-layer, a hme-sized wall. With precise pattern f depsit, the nzzle can leave spaces fr windws, drs, and ther design and structural elements.
It takes abut 24 hurs f printing t build a 500-square-ft single-flr hme. “The printing prcess delivers structure, wall-sheeting, inner and uter surface finishing, all at the same time,” says Jasn Ballard, c-funder and CEO f ICON, an Austin, Texas cmpany. “That nrmally takes 20 peple representing five r six different trades wrking several days.”
3D cnstructin printers are als less wasteful. A typical hme cnstructin site generates abut fur tns f waste. Because the cncrete used in cnventinal cnstructin is applied unifrmly, regardless f whether it’s needed fr structural supprt in a particular area r nt, abut half f the cncrete is wasted. 3D printers, hwever, can vary the thickness f a structure with great precisin, using cncrete nly where it is really needed.
S far, printed buildings have been mdest, lw-cst affairs. Fr instance, ICON printed a huse in Austin, Texas, intended fr families, at a cst f $10,000, and has a cntract t print a ttal f six. Then it plans t take a printer dwn t Latin America t build 50 lw-cst hmes there.
12．Why des the authr discuss the nzzle in Paragraph 2?A．T analyze why the nzzle is s imprtant.B．T cnfirm 3D cnstructin printers are slw.
C．T explain hw 3D cnstructin printers wrk.D．T argue the precisin f the nzzle needs imprving.
13．What des Jasn Ballard say abut 3D cnstructin printers?
A．They are highly efficient.B．They are a little cmplex.
C．They increase the building cst.D．They will replace builders ne day.
14．Hw is Paragraph 4 mainly develped?
A．By making a cntrast.B．By giving examples.C．By describing a prcess.D．By analyzing causes.
15．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Printed Bridges Becme a Fashin in the NetherlandsB．3D Printing Technlgy is Key t Husing Prblems
C．Yur Huse is Ging t Be Greener in the FutureD．Yur Next Huse May Cme Out f a 3D Printer
【答案】12．C13．A14．A15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章向我们介绍了3D打印在建筑方面的应用，主要讲了3D打印建房子的工作原理，以及和普通建造方法相比的优势。
12．推理判断题。文章第一段“They are part f a revlutin that is seeing 3D printers mve frm the tabletp t the cnstructin lt. (看到3D打印机从桌面转移到建筑工地,是革命的一部分。)”以及第二段“Nzzles run back and frth n rails, with cmputers cntrlling the time and speed, s that a layer f cncrete is laid dwn where needed. (由电脑控制时间和速度，喷嘴在轨道上来回运行以便在需要的地方铺上一层混凝土。)”可知，第二段讲喷嘴的工作方式，是为了解释第一段3D打印机的工作方法。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段Jasn Ballard的话，“The printing prcess delivers structure, wall-sheeting, inner and uter surface finishing, all at the same time. That nrmally takes 20 peple representing five r six different trades wrking several days. (印刷过程中，打印机同时提供结构、墙板、内部和外部的表面处理。这通常需要来自五六个不同行业的20人工作数天。)”可知，Jasn Ballard认为3D打印可以提供很多材料，又能同时完成很多人几天的工作量，因此效率很高。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“3D cnstructin printers are als less wasteful. A typical hme cnstructin site generates abut fur tns f waste. (3D建筑打印机的浪费也较少。一个典型的房屋建筑工地会产生大约四吨的废物。)”可知，本段将3D打印和普通建筑工地进行对比。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Fr instance, ICON printed a huse in Austin, Texas, intended fr families, at a cst f $10,000, and has a cntract t print a ttal f six. Then it plans t take a printer dwn t Latin America t build 50 lw-cst hmes there. (例如，ICON公司在德克萨斯州奥斯汀打印了一栋房子，打算提供给家庭居住，这套房子的成本为1万美元，这个公司一共签订了打印6栋房子的合同。之后，它计划将一台打印机带到拉丁美洲，在那里建造50个低成本的房屋。)”以及文章向我们介绍了3D打印在建筑方面的应用，主要讲了3D打印建房子的工作原理，以及和普通建造方法相比的优势。可知，3D打印机在未来可能给我们建造房子居住。 故选D项。
2.【2022届广西柳州市高三第三次模拟】
Parents lking fr educatin pins, especial fr kindergarten, have prbably cme acrss the term Waldrf. But what exactly is a Waldrf schl? Waldrf educatin is based n the ideas and teachings f Rudlf Steiner, an Austrian educatr and philspher wh pened his first schl in Germany in 1919. Steiner’s schls fcused n “whle child” develpment, rather than the narrw academic fcus ppular in German schls at the time.
Experts in Waldrf educatin say that these schl stress teaching the whle child. A main lessn is taught in a blck f time lasting fr several weeks. Creative arts like drawing, painting, language studies, music and drama supprt the main lessn and give students a variety f avenues t learn the material. Students then cntinue an explratin f the lessn thrugh mvement and mtr skills, with activities like physical educatin, building, dancing and gardening. The gal f Waldrf educatin is t develp free, but mrally respnsible individuals equipped with a high degree f scial cmpetence and creative capabilities. Factual knwledge, hmewrk and tests scres receive less attentin.
Like all educatinal philsphies, Waldrf schls have bth psitives and negatives. Advcates like Mskwitz say its apprach — balancing academic subjects with artistic and practical activities, teaching kid hw t think, nt what t think — helps develp a lve f learning. Sme cmmn drawbacks mentined in cnnectin with Waldrf schls are the same things that many parents like, such as the lack f emphasis n technlgy and standardized testing. Because many Waldrf schls are private, tuitin may als be an bstacle fr sme parents. At the Waldrf Schl f Baltimre, fr instance, tuitin fr the 2021-2022 schl year was mre than $20,000 accrding t its website althugh financial aid is available.
Tday, there are almst 1,200 Waldrf schls and mre than 1,900 Waldrf kindergartens arund the wrld, accrding t the Alliance fr Public Waldrf Educatin. These schls can be fund in apprximately 60 different cuntries arund the wrld. Rughly 130 Waldrf schls, bth public and private, are in the United States. The Waldrf Educatin mdel has becme mst ppular in Eurpean cuntries, having even influenced many f the public schls.32．Why did Rudlf Steiner pen his first schl in 1919?
A．He wanted t help children make prgress academically
B．He planned t fully develp children's ptentials in all aspects.
C．He expected children t have mre indr activities.
D．He tried t fllw the teaching in Germany at that time
33．Which f the fllwing receives the mst attentin in Waldrf educatin?
A．Develping the sense f respnsibility.B．Remembering knwledge abut facts.
C．Achieving high status in sciety.D．Getting high marks in the tests.
34．Hw des the authr prve the tuitin f a Waldrf schl is expensive?
A．By giving an example.B．By cmparing with ther schls.
C．By listing sme reasns.D．By shwing the result f a survey.
35．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The curse f Waldrf educatin.B．The rigin f Waldrf educatin.
C．The ppularity f Waldrf schls.D．The prs and cns f Waldrf educatin.
【答案】32．B33．A34．A35．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了华德福学校创建的历史、培养目标以及学校存在的缺点等情况。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Steiner’s schls fcused n “whle child” develpment, rather than the narrw academic fcus ppular in German schls at the time.( Steiner的学校关注的是“完整儿童”的发展，而不是当时德国学校流行的狭隘的学术关注)”以及第二段中“Experts in Waldrf educatin say that these schl stress teaching the whle child. (华德福教育的专家说，这些学校强调要全面教育孩子)”可知，Rudlf Steiner在1919年开办了他的第一所学校因为他计划充分开发孩子们各方面的潜能。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The gal f Waldrf educatin is t develp free, but mrally respnsible individuals equipped with a high degree f scial cmpetence and creative capabilities.(华德福教育的目标是培养自由但有道德责任感、具备高度社会能力和创新能力的个人)”可知，培养责任感在华德福教育中最受关注。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Because many Waldrf schls are private, tuitin may als be an bstacle fr sme parents. At the Waldrf Schl f Baltimre, fr instance, tuitin fr the 2021-2022 schl year was mre than $20,000 accrding t its website althugh financial aid is available.(由于许多华德福学校是私立的，学费对一些家长来说可能也是一个障碍。 例如，巴尔的摩华德福学校的网站显示，尽管可以提供助学金，但该学校2021到2022学年的学费超过2万美元)”可推知，作者通过举例说明来证明华德福学校的学费昂贵的。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Tday, there are almst 1,200 Waldrf schls and mre than 1,900 Waldrf kindergartens arund the wrld, accrding t the Alliance fr Public Waldrf Educatin. These schls can be fund in apprximately 60 different cuntries arund the wrld. Rughly 130 Waldrf schls, bth public and private, are in the United States. The Waldrf Educatin mdel has becme mst ppular in Eurpean cuntries, having even influenced many f the public schls.(如今，根据公共华德福教育联盟的数据，全世界有近1200所华德福学校和1900多所华德福幼儿园。这些学校分布在全世界大约60个不同的国家。在美国，大约有130所公立和私立的华德福学校。华德福教育模式在欧洲国家非常流行，甚至影响了许多公立学校)”可知，第四段主要讲的是华德福学校受欢迎的情况。故选C。
3.【2022届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试（二）】
One day, I asked sme cllege students t tell me the first wrd that came t mind when thinking abut mathematics. The tp wrds were “calculatin” and “equatin(等式)”. Instead, the mathematicians ffered phrases like “critical thinking” and “prblem-slving.” This is unfrtunately cmmn. What mathematicians think f is entirely different frm what the general ppulatin thinks f. N wnder we hear “I hate math” s ften.
S I set abut slving this prblem uncnventinally. I decided t ffer a class called “The Mathematics f Knitting”. I remved pencil, paper, calculatr and textbk frm the classrm cmpletely. Instead, we talked, used ur hands, drew pictures and played with everything. And f curse, we knit.
One essential and difficult part f mathematical cntent is the equatin, and crucial t this is the equal sign, which is very strict. An equatin like x = 5 tells us the number 5 and the value f x must be exactly the same. Any small deviatin(偏离) frm “exactly” means tw things are nt equal. Hwever, tw quantities are always nt exactly the same in life. Imagine that yu have tw square pillws. The first is red n tp, yellw n the right, green n bttm and blue n the left. The secnd is yellw n the tp, green n the right, blue n bttm, and red n the left. The pillws aren't exactly the same but certainly similar. In fact, they wuld be exactly the same if yu turned the pillw with the red tp nce cunterclckwise.
Anther tpic is referred t as “rubber sheet gemetry”. The idea is t imagine the whle wrld is made f rubber, then reimagine the shapes. Let’s try t understand it with knitting. Fr example, while being made, a hat is shaped by three needles, making it lk triangular. Then, nce it cmes ff the needles, it relaxes int a circle. In fact, all plygns(多边形) becme circles in this field f study.The subjects abve are typically reserved fr math majrs in cllege. If mre mathematicians were able t set aside classical techniques, mre peple ut there culd embrace mathematical thught.
4．Why did the authr start “The Mathematics f Knitting”?
A．T prmte traditinal handicraft.
B．T cultivate the students’ capacity t slve prblems.
C．T remve the cmmn misunderstanding abut math.
D．T enhance the students’ skills in the applicatin f math.
5．What is the relatinship between the equatin in math and that in life?
A．Same and exact.B．Same but different.
C．Equal and precise.D．Different but inseparable.
6．Hw des the authr present what mathematics really is?
A．By clarifying reasns.B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing results.D．By describing prcedures.
7．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Math: a nvel skill f knitting
B．Knitting: an uncnventinal curse
C．Different Flavrs f Math Revealed by Knitting
D．The Calculatin and Equatin in Mathematical Cntent
【答案】4．C5．B6．B7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述了作者在课堂上不用铅笔、纸张、计算器等通常被认为和数学相关的东西，而是让学生交谈、画画和编织来学习数学，并通过编织来解释数学。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I decided t ffer a class called ‘The Mathematics f Knitting’. I remved pencil, paper, calculatr and textbk frm the classrm cmpletely. Instead, we talked, used ur hands, drew pictures and played with everything.(我决定开设一门叫做‘编织数学’的课程。我把铅笔、纸、计算器和课本完全从教室里拿了出来。相反，我们聊天、动手、画画，什么都玩。)”可知，作者开设“编织数学”的课程是为了消除人们对数学的误解。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“An equatin like x = 5 tells us the number 5 and the value f x must be exactly the same.(比如x=5这个等式告诉我们数字5和x的值必须完全相同)”及“Hwever, tw quantities are always nt exactly the same in life.(然而，在生活中很多时候两个量并不完全相同)”可知，数学上的等式和生活中的等式相同但又不完全相同。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Imagine that yu have tw square pillws.(想象一下，你有两个方形枕头。)”及第四段中“Let’s try t understand it with knitting.(让我们试着用编织来理解这个概念。)”可知，作者是通过举例子的方式来说明数学是什么。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“If mre mathematicians were able t set aside classical techniques, mre peple ut there culd embrace mathematical thught.(如果有更多的数学家能够抛开经典的技巧，就会有更多的人拥抱数学思想。)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者在课堂上不用铅笔、纸张、计算器等通常被认为和数学相关的东西，而是让学生交谈、画画和编织来学习数学，并通过编织来解释数学。C项“由编织揭示的不同数学思想”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点8--推理判断之写作手法--讲考点--胸有成竹
【2022年推理判断之写作手法考点归纳】
【2023年高考命题预测】
推理判断之写作手法考点是高考中的常考点。作者在写作文章的时候总是要用一些写作手法，了解写作手法是学生阅读理解要掌握的内容之一。做这类题时，我们可以借鉴中文的一些写作手法，在写作方法上它们是相通的。预测在2023高考中，写作手法有可能会在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之写作手法考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
（1）Hw is the passage rganized?
（2）The authr develps the passage mainly by _________.
（3）The first paragraph serves as a（n） __________.
（4）The example f … is given t shw/illustrate that__________.
了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。考点
题型
推理判断之写作手法
阅读理解
2022
试卷类型
设问
考点
2021·北京卷
阅读D32．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
写作手法
2020
2020·全国新课标III
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
写作手法
2012
2020·全国新高考I山东卷
68.The authr explains the law f ver learning by_________.
写作手法
记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。
考例分析：
[2012·全国卷Ⅰ，D]
Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears.
One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials(尝试) increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn.
The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)fr an examinatin, thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt a satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn t frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne's future develpment.
68.The authr explains the law f ver learning by_________.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting dwn general rules
C. making a cmparisn
D. using examples
【答案】68. D
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记住儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续学习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them和The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
【试题精练】
1.【2022届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】
Bridges are a cmmn sight in the Netherlands. But fur bridges are particularly unusual: each 26-ft structure was fashined frm cncrete by a giant rbtic printer. They are part f a revlutin (变革) that is seeing 3D printers mve frm the tabletp t the cnstructin lt.
3D cnstructin printers wrk a lt like hme-ffice nes, except instead f ink they spit ut cncrete. Nzzles (喷嘴) run back and frth n rails, with cmputers cntrlling the time and speed, s that a layer f cncrete is laid dwn where needed. By the time the slw-mving nzzle reaches the end f its path, the layer has usually hardened just enugh t lay dwn anther n tp f the first, building up, layer-by-layer, a hme-sized wall. With precise pattern f depsit, the nzzle can leave spaces fr windws, drs, and ther design and structural elements.
It takes abut 24 hurs f printing t build a 500-square-ft single-flr hme. “The printing prcess delivers structure, wall-sheeting, inner and uter surface finishing, all at the same time,” says Jasn Ballard, c-funder and CEO f ICON, an Austin, Texas cmpany. “That nrmally takes 20 peple representing five r six different trades wrking several days.”
3D cnstructin printers are als less wasteful. A typical hme cnstructin site generates abut fur tns f waste. Because the cncrete used in cnventinal cnstructin is applied unifrmly, regardless f whether it’s needed fr structural supprt in a particular area r nt, abut half f the cncrete is wasted. 3D printers, hwever, can vary the thickness f a structure with great precisin, using cncrete nly where it is really needed.
S far, printed buildings have been mdest, lw-cst affairs. Fr instance, ICON printed a huse in Austin, Texas, intended fr families, at a cst f $10,000, and has a cntract t print a ttal f six. Then it plans t take a printer dwn t Latin America t build 50 lw-cst hmes there.
12．Why des the authr discuss the nzzle in Paragraph 2?A．T analyze why the nzzle is s imprtant.B．T cnfirm 3D cnstructin printers are slw.
C．T explain hw 3D cnstructin printers wrk.D．T argue the precisin f the nzzle needs imprving.
13．What des Jasn Ballard say abut 3D cnstructin printers?
A．They are highly efficient.B．They are a little cmplex.
C．They increase the building cst.D．They will replace builders ne day.
14．Hw is Paragraph 4 mainly develped?
A．By making a cntrast.B．By giving examples.C．By describing a prcess.D．By analyzing causes.
15．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Printed Bridges Becme a Fashin in the NetherlandsB．3D Printing Technlgy is Key t Husing Prblems
C．Yur Huse is Ging t Be Greener in the FutureD．Yur Next Huse May Cme Out f a 3D Printer
【答案】12．C13．A14．A15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章向我们介绍了3D打印在建筑方面的应用，主要讲了3D打印建房子的工作原理，以及和普通建造方法相比的优势。
12．推理判断题。文章第一段“They are part f a revlutin that is seeing 3D printers mve frm the tabletp t the cnstructin lt. (看到3D打印机从桌面转移到建筑工地,是革命的一部分。)”以及第二段“Nzzles run back and frth n rails, with cmputers cntrlling the time and speed, s that a layer f cncrete is laid dwn where needed. (由电脑控制时间和速度，喷嘴在轨道上来回运行以便在需要的地方铺上一层混凝土。)”可知，第二段讲喷嘴的工作方式，是为了解释第一段3D打印机的工作方法。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段Jasn Ballard的话，“The printing prcess delivers structure, wall-sheeting, inner and uter surface finishing, all at the same time. That nrmally takes 20 peple representing five r six different trades wrking several days. (印刷过程中，打印机同时提供结构、墙板、内部和外部的表面处理。这通常需要来自五六个不同行业的20人工作数天。)”可知，Jasn Ballard认为3D打印可以提供很多材料，又能同时完成很多人几天的工作量，因此效率很高。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“3D cnstructin printers are als less wasteful. A typical hme cnstructin site generates abut fur tns f waste. (3D建筑打印机的浪费也较少。一个典型的房屋建筑工地会产生大约四吨的废物。)”可知，本段将3D打印和普通建筑工地进行对比。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Fr instance, ICON printed a huse in Austin, Texas, intended fr families, at a cst f $10,000, and has a cntract t print a ttal f six. Then it plans t take a printer dwn t Latin America t build 50 lw-cst hmes there. (例如，ICON公司在德克萨斯州奥斯汀打印了一栋房子，打算提供给家庭居住，这套房子的成本为1万美元，这个公司一共签订了打印6栋房子的合同。之后，它计划将一台打印机带到拉丁美洲，在那里建造50个低成本的房屋。)”以及文章向我们介绍了3D打印在建筑方面的应用，主要讲了3D打印建房子的工作原理，以及和普通建造方法相比的优势。可知，3D打印机在未来可能给我们建造房子居住。 故选D项。
2.【2022届广西柳州市高三第三次模拟】
Parents lking fr educatin pins, especial fr kindergarten, have prbably cme acrss the term Waldrf. But what exactly is a Waldrf schl? Waldrf educatin is based n the ideas and teachings f Rudlf Steiner, an Austrian educatr and philspher wh pened his first schl in Germany in 1919. Steiner’s schls fcused n “whle child” develpment, rather than the narrw academic fcus ppular in German schls at the time.
Experts in Waldrf educatin say that these schl stress teaching the whle child. A main lessn is taught in a blck f time lasting fr several weeks. Creative arts like drawing, painting, language studies, music and drama supprt the main lessn and give students a variety f avenues t learn the material. Students then cntinue an explratin f the lessn thrugh mvement and mtr skills, with activities like physical educatin, building, dancing and gardening. The gal f Waldrf educatin is t develp free, but mrally respnsible individuals equipped with a high degree f scial cmpetence and creative capabilities. Factual knwledge, hmewrk and tests scres receive less attentin.
Like all educatinal philsphies, Waldrf schls have bth psitives and negatives. Advcates like Mskwitz say its apprach — balancing academic subjects with artistic and practical activities, teaching kid hw t think, nt what t think — helps develp a lve f learning. Sme cmmn drawbacks mentined in cnnectin with Waldrf schls are the same things that many parents like, such as the lack f emphasis n technlgy and standardized testing. Because many Waldrf schls are private, tuitin may als be an bstacle fr sme parents. At the Waldrf Schl f Baltimre, fr instance, tuitin fr the 2021-2022 schl year was mre than $20,000 accrding t its website althugh financial aid is available.
Tday, there are almst 1,200 Waldrf schls and mre than 1,900 Waldrf kindergartens arund the wrld, accrding t the Alliance fr Public Waldrf Educatin. These schls can be fund in apprximately 60 different cuntries arund the wrld. Rughly 130 Waldrf schls, bth public and private, are in the United States. The Waldrf Educatin mdel has becme mst ppular in Eurpean cuntries, having even influenced many f the public schls.32．Why did Rudlf Steiner pen his first schl in 1919?
A．He wanted t help children make prgress academically
B．He planned t fully develp children's ptentials in all aspects.
C．He expected children t have mre indr activities.
D．He tried t fllw the teaching in Germany at that time
33．Which f the fllwing receives the mst attentin in Waldrf educatin?
A．Develping the sense f respnsibility.B．Remembering knwledge abut facts.
C．Achieving high status in sciety.D．Getting high marks in the tests.
34．Hw des the authr prve the tuitin f a Waldrf schl is expensive?
A．By giving an example.B．By cmparing with ther schls.
C．By listing sme reasns.D．By shwing the result f a survey.
35．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The curse f Waldrf educatin.B．The rigin f Waldrf educatin.
C．The ppularity f Waldrf schls.D．The prs and cns f Waldrf educatin.
【答案】32．B33．A34．A35．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了华德福学校创建的历史、培养目标以及学校存在的缺点等情况。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Steiner’s schls fcused n “whle child” develpment, rather than the narrw academic fcus ppular in German schls at the time.( Steiner的学校关注的是“完整儿童”的发展，而不是当时德国学校流行的狭隘的学术关注)”以及第二段中“Experts in Waldrf educatin say that these schl stress teaching the whle child. (华德福教育的专家说，这些学校强调要全面教育孩子)”可知，Rudlf Steiner在1919年开办了他的第一所学校因为他计划充分开发孩子们各方面的潜能。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The gal f Waldrf educatin is t develp free, but mrally respnsible individuals equipped with a high degree f scial cmpetence and creative capabilities.(华德福教育的目标是培养自由但有道德责任感、具备高度社会能力和创新能力的个人)”可知，培养责任感在华德福教育中最受关注。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Because many Waldrf schls are private, tuitin may als be an bstacle fr sme parents. At the Waldrf Schl f Baltimre, fr instance, tuitin fr the 2021-2022 schl year was mre than $20,000 accrding t its website althugh financial aid is available.(由于许多华德福学校是私立的，学费对一些家长来说可能也是一个障碍。 例如，巴尔的摩华德福学校的网站显示，尽管可以提供助学金，但该学校2021到2022学年的学费超过2万美元)”可推知，作者通过举例说明来证明华德福学校的学费昂贵的。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Tday, there are almst 1,200 Waldrf schls and mre than 1,900 Waldrf kindergartens arund the wrld, accrding t the Alliance fr Public Waldrf Educatin. These schls can be fund in apprximately 60 different cuntries arund the wrld. Rughly 130 Waldrf schls, bth public and private, are in the United States. The Waldrf Educatin mdel has becme mst ppular in Eurpean cuntries, having even influenced many f the public schls.(如今，根据公共华德福教育联盟的数据，全世界有近1200所华德福学校和1900多所华德福幼儿园。这些学校分布在全世界大约60个不同的国家。在美国，大约有130所公立和私立的华德福学校。华德福教育模式在欧洲国家非常流行，甚至影响了许多公立学校)”可知，第四段主要讲的是华德福学校受欢迎的情况。故选C。
3.【2022届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试（二）】
One day, I asked sme cllege students t tell me the first wrd that came t mind when thinking abut mathematics. The tp wrds were “calculatin” and “equatin(等式)”. Instead, the mathematicians ffered phrases like “critical thinking” and “prblem-slving.” This is unfrtunately cmmn. What mathematicians think f is entirely different frm what the general ppulatin thinks f. N wnder we hear “I hate math” s ften.
S I set abut slving this prblem uncnventinally. I decided t ffer a class called “The Mathematics f Knitting”. I remved pencil, paper, calculatr and textbk frm the classrm cmpletely. Instead, we talked, used ur hands, drew pictures and played with everything. And f curse, we knit.
One essential and difficult part f mathematical cntent is the equatin, and crucial t this is the equal sign, which is very strict. An equatin like x = 5 tells us the number 5 and the value f x must be exactly the same. Any small deviatin(偏离) frm “exactly” means tw things are nt equal. Hwever, tw quantities are always nt exactly the same in life. Imagine that yu have tw square pillws. The first is red n tp, yellw n the right, green n bttm and blue n the left. The secnd is yellw n the tp, green n the right, blue n bttm, and red n the left. The pillws aren't exactly the same but certainly similar. In fact, they wuld be exactly the same if yu turned the pillw with the red tp nce cunterclckwise.
Anther tpic is referred t as “rubber sheet gemetry”. The idea is t imagine the whle wrld is made f rubber, then reimagine the shapes. Let’s try t understand it with knitting. Fr example, while being made, a hat is shaped by three needles, making it lk triangular. Then, nce it cmes ff the needles, it relaxes int a circle. In fact, all plygns(多边形) becme circles in this field f study.The subjects abve are typically reserved fr math majrs in cllege. If mre mathematicians were able t set aside classical techniques, mre peple ut there culd embrace mathematical thught.
4．Why did the authr start “The Mathematics f Knitting”?
A．T prmte traditinal handicraft.
B．T cultivate the students’ capacity t slve prblems.
C．T remve the cmmn misunderstanding abut math.
D．T enhance the students’ skills in the applicatin f math.
5．What is the relatinship between the equatin in math and that in life?
A．Same and exact.B．Same but different.
C．Equal and precise.D．Different but inseparable.
6．Hw des the authr present what mathematics really is?
A．By clarifying reasns.B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing results.D．By describing prcedures.
7．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Math: a nvel skill f knitting
B．Knitting: an uncnventinal curse
C．Different Flavrs f Math Revealed by Knitting
D．The Calculatin and Equatin in Mathematical Cntent
【答案】4．C5．B6．B7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述了作者在课堂上不用铅笔、纸张、计算器等通常被认为和数学相关的东西，而是让学生交谈、画画和编织来学习数学，并通过编织来解释数学。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I decided t ffer a class called ‘The Mathematics f Knitting’. I remved pencil, paper, calculatr and textbk frm the classrm cmpletely. Instead, we talked, used ur hands, drew pictures and played with everything.(我决定开设一门叫做‘编织数学’的课程。我把铅笔、纸、计算器和课本完全从教室里拿了出来。相反，我们聊天、动手、画画，什么都玩。)”可知，作者开设“编织数学”的课程是为了消除人们对数学的误解。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“An equatin like x = 5 tells us the number 5 and the value f x must be exactly the same.(比如x=5这个等式告诉我们数字5和x的值必须完全相同)”及“Hwever, tw quantities are always nt exactly the same in life.(然而，在生活中很多时候两个量并不完全相同)”可知，数学上的等式和生活中的等式相同但又不完全相同。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Imagine that yu have tw square pillws.(想象一下，你有两个方形枕头。)”及第四段中“Let’s try t understand it with knitting.(让我们试着用编织来理解这个概念。)”可知，作者是通过举例子的方式来说明数学是什么。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“If mre mathematicians were able t set aside classical techniques, mre peple ut there culd embrace mathematical thught.(如果有更多的数学家能够抛开经典的技巧，就会有更多的人拥抱数学思想。)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者在课堂上不用铅笔、纸张、计算器等通常被认为和数学相关的东西，而是让学生交谈、画画和编织来学习数学，并通过编织来解释数学。C项“由编织揭示的不同数学思想”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
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