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高中英语高考第2部分 语法专项突破 专题2 需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词课件PPT
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这是一份高中英语高考第2部分 语法专项突破 专题2 需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了STEP 1，考点分类突破，STEP 2，考点分层演练，STEP 3，语法链接写作，STEP ONE，考点一 名词，可数名词，activities等内容，欢迎下载使用。
内容索引 /NEI RONG SUO YIN
Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn’t eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr Black’s farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.
1.可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i加-es；以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stmach)。④以-结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heres)吃土豆(ptates)番茄(tmates)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(rf)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2.名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但wman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。3.名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。⑧无生命名词，通常用f所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋f＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋f＋名词性物主代词”。
1.不规则变化的名词复数(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：ft—feet脚 gse—geese鹅 tth—teeth牙齿 muse—mice老鼠man—men男人 wman—wmen女人(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheep—sheep绵羊 deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中国人 Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法 series—series系列species—species物种
(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：child—children 孩子 x—xen 公牛(4)由man，wman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，wman的变化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen先生 Englishman—Englishmen英国男子 pliceman—plicemen男警察 chairwman—chairwmen女主席 businessman—businessmen商人 craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人注意：German的复数形式为Germans。
(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 crisis—crises危机thesis—theses论文 medium—media媒介物phenmenn—phenmena现象
2.复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。birthday—birthdays生日 blackbard—blackbards黑板bkshelf—bkshelves书架 gentleman—gentlemen绅士(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：bk wrm—bk wrms sn-in-law—sns-in-law lker-n—lkers-n passer-by—passers-bystry-teller—stry-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grwn-up—grwn-ups standby—standbys
3.名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：Kate and Mary’s rm凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate’s and Mary’s rms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shp，huse，hme等常省去。如：at the dctr’s (ffice)在(医生的)诊所里at the barber’s (shp)在理发店at Mr Green’s (huse)在格林先生家
点对点练习单句语法填空1.The team wh wn the three wrld (champinship) wuld always get this the festival，which lasts three r fur days，peple are dressed in their best clthes and participate in a variety f rich and clurful _______(activity) best slutin might be t find the (weakness) in the idea and t try and strengthen them，rather than use them simply as an excuse fr rejecting the whle idea.
champinships
4.Timmis and his team set ut t seek the effects f phne use n _______ (passer-by) usually expect Hllywd (her) t shw up n ur screens and defeat the bad ges t the (barber) t have his hair cut every mnth.7.—Where did yu tw have yur (stmach) examined?—At the dctr’s.We were examined by tw famus (German) mst students are in need f a nap，prper arrangements shuld be made s that students can have a gd rest after a whle ____________(mrning) hard wrk.
T learn mre knwledge①，I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn’t perfrm well.Hwever，my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary，it is a success③ in a way.
①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，prgress，advice，infrmatin为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如a surprise，a cmfrt等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如have a gd time，have a gd knwledge/cmmand f等。
不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的不可数名词有：
点对点练习单句语法填空1.Oh，Jhn，what pleasant surprise yu gave us!2.He gave us sme (advice) n hw t study felt that he needed mre (knwledge) abut imprt and exprt.
1.Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
解析 考查名词。句意为：中国新年是一个标志着冬天结束和春天开始的庆典。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebratin。
2.Histrical (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查名词。句意为：历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语，位于形容词Histrical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
3.Later，they learned t wrk with the (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉) their fields.(2020·浙江)
解析 考查名词复数。句意为：后来，他们学会了顺应季节，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子可知，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasns。
4.Other American studies shwed n (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.(2019·浙江)
cnnectin/cnnectins
解析 考查名词。句意为：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。根据n可知，要用cnnect的名词形式，cnnectin表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填cnnectin/cnnectins。
1.根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。2.单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。3.注意固定短语中名词的单复数。4.注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。5.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。
Mister Smith is 60① years ld and yesterday was his 60th② birthday. He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③，he drank dzens f④ bttles f beer a day.Hwever，he spent thusands f④ dllars in hspital.Later，tw fifths⑤ f his spare time was spent in taking exercise.
①数词的基本形式为基数词。②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加-th。以-y结尾的基数词变序数词，把-y变成-ie＋-th。③“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。“in ne’s＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。④具体数字＋dzen/scre/hundred/thusand/millin等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dzens/scres/hundreds/thusands/millins f＋名词复数。⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s，如1/3：ne third，2/3：tw thirds。
1.易错基数词thirteen十三 furteen十四 fifteen十五 eighteen十八 nineteen十九 twenty二十 thirty三十 frty四十 fifty五十 ninety九十2.易错序数词first第一 secnd第二 third第三 furth第四 fifth第五 eighth第八 ninth第九 eleventh第十一 twelfth第十二
点对点练习单句语法填空1.Peter gt a mdel ship frm his uncle n his (thirteen) (three) f the students in ur class have been t Disneyland ，there are t many mistakes in the (nine) line f yur made quite a few friends during his (twenty) is reprted that the earthquake has left (thusand) f peple hmeless.
单句语法填空1.The plum trees are first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化).They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
解析 考查序数的具体使用。第一应该用序数词，用在句中其前要有定冠词the。
2.He did it ne (three) the time it tk me.(北京高考)
解析 考查分数的表达。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s。此处分子为1，所以用序数词的单数形式，故填third。
1.需要使用数词时，要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。2.使用序数词时，注意前面要有定冠词the。3.注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配，如in the 1820s，in his 30s，thusands f等。
I bught an interesting① nvel yesterday.The bk is s interesting② that I can hardly let g f it.Wrried③ abut my study，my mther tk it away.Hwever，I fund my mther absrbed④ in it.
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在感官类或使役动词＋宾语之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。
My mther is reading the nvel attentively① nw and she is quite① mved by it.Obviusly②，she wn’t return the bk t me sn.
①副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。②副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1.名词、动词变形容词
2.形容词变副词形容词不同词尾变副词加(-ly)的口诀：(一般直接加) clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很，大大地(元e去e加) true→truly真实地(辅y变i加) happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e变y) terrible→terribly可怕地 gentle→gently轻轻地(-ll尾只加y) full→fully完全地 dull→dully迟钝地(-ic加ally) basic→basically主要地 scientific→scientifically 合乎科学地
3.-ed形容词修饰物的用法-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，cry(叫声)，face(表情)，vice(声音)，lk(表情)，eye(眼神)，expressin(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。He had a pleased smile n his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He tld me the news in a very excited vice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
4.同根副词加-ly和不加-ly有些副词不加-ly与其形容词表达的含义是一样的，而加了-ly之后的副词，其词义往往发生改变，具有抽象意义，表示程度。clse靠近地 clsely密切地，仔细地hard努力地 hardly几乎不late晚，迟 lately最近，不久前mst最，极其 mstly通常，主要地wide指距离宽 widely广泛地deep指具体深度 deeply深深地，非常，强烈地high指具体高度 highly高度地，非常
点对点练习单句语法填空1.The ld peple there were talkative and they tld us their ____________(persn) stries were many peple waiting at the bus stp，and sme f them lked very anxius and (disappint).3.I’ll never frget the (amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hpe t g there next time with my spent seven days in the wind and snw，cld and (hunger).
disappinted
5.I fund life in the UK quite (differ) frm that in title will be (fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn.7. (lucky)，he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.8.I am (terrible) srry that I can’t g t the bkstre with yu at the appinted time.
In my family，my mther is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mther，and becming fatter and fatter④.He is quite wrried because the fatter⑤ he is，the mre likely⑤ he is t be ill.
二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est，以e结尾直接加-r或-est；一元一辅结尾注意双写结尾辅音，多音节词前面加mre或the mst。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still等词修饰。
③倍数表达法：•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋f＋B④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。
1.有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加mre和mst构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：cmmn，handsme，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-w，-er结尾的词。2.有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrng(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，pssible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3.有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。gd/well—better—best bad/ill—wrse—wrst many/much—mre—mstlittle—less—least ld—lder/elder—ldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具体空间上) far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)4.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加-er和-est。easy—easier—easiest happy—happier—happiest early—earlier—earliest
5.“否定词语＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。N man is better than yu in the wrld.人世间没有人比你好。I haven’t read a mre interesting nvel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
点对点练习单句语法填空1.The (much) we d fr thse in need，the happier we’ll safety has arused (wide) attentin f the public than the end f the 19th century and the beginning f 20th century，Beijing Opera finally frmed and became the (big) f all peras in Green isn’t as strict a teacher Mr White.5.I have never met a (kind) teacher than Mrs Smith befre.
6.The electrnic waste stream is increasing three times (fast) than traditinal garbage as a restaurant wasn’t half as (gd) as that ne we went yu study the lcal map，yu’ll find this twn is twice size f that ne.
单句语法填空1.The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(环形山)，mre s the familiar near side.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查介词。根据空前的比较级mre可知，此处是将the far side f the mn和the familiar near side进行比较。故填than。
2.One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their (fine) wrk，s that he culd chse the best.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查最高级。结合句意及后文的chse the best可知，此处应用形容词最高级。故填finest。
3.In the 18th and 19th centuries， (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants，histrical bjects and wrks f art.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查形容词。此处修饰名词peple，应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。
4.As the small bat mved (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查副词。此处修饰动词mved，应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
5.It’s never t early t make necessary preparatins fr a healthy and (meaning) cllege experience.(2019·北京)
解析 考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词cllege experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
1.看到与than连用，要想到用比较级；看到比较级，要想到than。2.看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。3.在句子中如果是作定语、表语、宾补或表示心理状态的状语，则用形容词。4.如果修饰整个句子、动词或形容词，则用副词。5.看到and，but，r等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级。
单句语法填空1.Last Octber，while tending her garden in Mra，Sweden，Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away.
解析 考查名词的单复数。根据上文的“a handful f”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrt的复数形式。
2.Then，handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f (achieve).
achievement
解析 考查词性转换。介词后接名词，a real sense f achievement意为“一种真实的成就感”。
3.—Why nt buy a secnd-hand car first if yu dn’t have enugh mney fr a new ne?—That’s a gd (suggest).
解析 考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处用提示词suggest的名词形式，由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填suggestin。
4.Althugh he researches clning，his (intend) has never been t create cpies f humans.
解析 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，intentin n.目的，打算。因后面的谓语为单数形式，故此处应填名词的单数形式。
5.Cming t anther cuntry t study requires a big (adjust) and it takes a while t fit in.
解析 考查词性转换。requires 后面要跟名词作宾语，所以要填adjust的名词形式，再由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填adjustment。
6.In the early (fifty)，researchers fund that peple scred higher n intelligence tests if they spke mre than ne language.
解析 考查基数词。表示“在五十年代早期”用“in the＋整十的基数词的复数”，故填fifties。
7.She is the (twelve) tutr，wh has cme t lk after his children since their mther died.
解析 考查序数词。数词前面有the，应该用其序数词形式。故填twelfth。
8.The ld man ges t the park every (three) day，jgging with his fellws.
解析 考查序数词。“every＋序数词＋day/mnth/year”表示“每几天/月/年”。故填third。
9.But the successful test drilling fr fire ice des nt mean it can be extracted fr (industry) use.
解析 考查形容词。根据空前的介词fr和空后的名词use可知，空处应填形容词来修饰名词。注意industry变形容词时，要变y为i，再加-al。
10.Have yu ever been (embarrass) because f frgetting smething imprtant?
embarrassed
解析 考查形容词。根据语境可知，空处所填词修饰人，表示“窘迫的，尴尬的”，故应用-ed形式的形容词。
11.The the students learn abut the university，the easier it will be fr them t adapt t the envirnment.
解析 考查比较级。本句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，故填mre。
12.The wrld’s ppulatin is increasing at a (surprise) rate and we are in danger f destructin.
解析 考查形容词。此处表示“世界人口以惊人的速度增长”，修饰物，故此处要用-ing形式的形容词surprising“令人惊讶的”。
13.Nwadays it’s the secnd (large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant ecnmic，educatinal and cultural center.
解析 考查形容词的最高级。由空前的the secnd和空后的表示范围的in Bulgaria可知，空处应用最高级形式。
14.Indians start practicing yga at a very yung age，s their bdies are even (strng).
解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及空前的修饰语even可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。
15.There isn’t much traffic n Sunday，s (hpe) we’ll arrive in time fr the cncert.
解析 考查副词。空处在此修饰s后面的整个句子，应用副词形式。
1.Filled with (curius)，the artist packed his bags and left.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查名词。with为介词，后跟名词curisity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curisity。
2.The (pssible) that there is life n ther planets in the universe has always inspired scientists t explre the uter space.(2018·天津)
解析 考查名词。句意为：宇宙的其他星球上存在着生命，这一可能性总是激励着科学家们去探索外太空。定冠词the后面应该为名词，故填pssibility。
3.Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all (cause).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查名词的单复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时，是可数名词，前面有all，故用cause的复数形式。
4.My name is Mireya Mayr.I’m a (science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查名词。由空后的wh可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。scientist科学家。
5.Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck.Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially trublesme.(2018·浙江)
解析 考查名词的单复数。此处指中国菜，为可数名词，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
6.Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in (weigh) prblems.(2018·浙江)
解析 考查名词。此处应用名词作定语修饰prblems，weight prblems意为“体重问题”。故填weight。
7.She has turned dwn several (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查名词的单复数。several修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填invitatins。
8.Landing n the mn’s far side is (extreme) challenging.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查副词。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
9.Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin，such as hw ice and ther treasures it cntains，culd help China decide whether its plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查形容词。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
10.Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffice. (certain) during the hliday perid，this plant is a must.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
解析 考查副词。此处修饰整个句子，用副词certainly；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Certainly。
11.On ur way t the huse，it was raining hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t get there.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查副词。此处表示“雨下得如此大以至于我们忍不住想还要多久才能到达那里”。“”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填s。
12.It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been (pr) studied；hwever，bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000－25,000 plar bears wrldwide.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词prly修饰谓语动词，故填prly。
13.Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal，runners live three years (lng) than nn-runners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查副词的比较级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填lng的比较级lnger。
14.He screams the (lud) f all.The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查最高级。根据空前的the和空后的f all可知，他的声音最大，所以用最高级ludest。
15.Even (bad)，the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even wrse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
名词篇(改编自2020·全国Ⅱ)Decrating with Plants，Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 1. (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the 2. (begin) f spring.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。
解析 考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知，后接名词形式。故填celebratin。
解析 考查名词。和前面的the end f winter并列，是名词词组，begin的名词形式为beginning。
This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers carries special 3. (significant).They represent the earth cming back t 4. (live) and best wishes fr new beginnings.
significance
解析 考查名词。此处作谓语动词carries的宾语，应该用名词形式。故填significance。
解析 考查名词。作介词t的宾语，用名词或动名词形式，结合句意可知填life。
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry：Oranges：Orange trees are mre than 5. (decrate)；they are a symbl f gd frtune and 6. (wealthy).
解析 考查名词。根据句意可知，应用名词形式，故填decratin。
解析 考查名词。与gd frtune共同作f的宾语，所以用名词形式，故填wealth。
They make great gifts and yu see them many 7. (time) decrated with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
解析 考查名词的单复数。time表示次数，是可数名词，用在many之后，故填times。
Bamb：Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices.Certainly during the hliday perid，this plant is 8. must.Bamb plants are assciated with health，abundance and a happy hme.They are easy t care fr and make great 9. (present).
解析 考查冠词。must此处表示“必须做(或看、买等)的事”，是可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。
解析 考查名词的单复数。present作“礼物，礼品”讲，是可数名词，此处表示泛指。故填presents。
10. (branch) f Plum Blssms(梅花)：The beautiful lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are the first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
解析 考查名词的单复数。可数名词出现时，要么前面加冠词，要么用复数形式表泛指。此处branch前面没有冠词及其他限定词，所以只能用其复数形式。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Branches。
1.形容词的名词化表达某些形容词可以用“be f＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be imprtant＝be f imprtance be beneficial＝be f benefit be valuable＝be f value be helpful＝be f help be useful＝be f use be interesting＝be f interest典例 (2017·北京，书面表达)这里是我关于这次旅游的一些建议，希望会对你有益。Here are sme suggestins abut this trip，which I hpe will be f benefit t yu.
运用 (2018·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)首先，准时是非常重要的。
First f all，being punctual is f great imprtance.
2.副词的名词化表达某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger anxiusly＝with anxiety curiusly＝with curisity cmfrtably＝in cmfrt peacefully＝in peace hurriedly＝in a hurry jyfully＝with jy典例 (2020·1月浙江)当Pppy看到小狗时，她欢快地叫了起来。When Pppy saw the small puppy，she barked with jy.运用 (2020·7月浙江)我们万分焦急地等待着救援的到来。
We waited fr being rescued with great anxiety.
3.活用带有比较级的句型(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...典例 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，写作)我听到的鼓励越多，我就越有劲。The mre encuragement I heard，the mre energetic I felt.运用 (2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)你知道，我们练习得越多，比赛时我们表现得就越好。
As yu knw，the mre we practice fr it，the better we will perfrm in the match.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义典例 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Jhn认为没有什么比帮助别人自力更生更有意义的事情了。Jhn thught nthing was mre meaningful than helping thers earn a living by themselves.运用 (2017·11月浙江)没有什么比去露营忘记带帐篷更糟的事了，没有比我妈妈更健忘的人了。
Nthing was mre terrible than frgetting t take the tent when ging camping and nbdy was mre frgetful than my mm.
内容索引 /NEI RONG SUO YIN
Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn’t eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr Black’s farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.
1.可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i加-es；以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stmach)。④以-结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heres)吃土豆(ptates)番茄(tmates)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(rf)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2.名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但wman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。3.名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。⑧无生命名词，通常用f所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋f＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋f＋名词性物主代词”。
1.不规则变化的名词复数(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：ft—feet脚 gse—geese鹅 tth—teeth牙齿 muse—mice老鼠man—men男人 wman—wmen女人(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheep—sheep绵羊 deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中国人 Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法 series—series系列species—species物种
(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：child—children 孩子 x—xen 公牛(4)由man，wman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，wman的变化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen先生 Englishman—Englishmen英国男子 pliceman—plicemen男警察 chairwman—chairwmen女主席 businessman—businessmen商人 craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人注意：German的复数形式为Germans。
(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 crisis—crises危机thesis—theses论文 medium—media媒介物phenmenn—phenmena现象
2.复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。birthday—birthdays生日 blackbard—blackbards黑板bkshelf—bkshelves书架 gentleman—gentlemen绅士(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：bk wrm—bk wrms sn-in-law—sns-in-law lker-n—lkers-n passer-by—passers-bystry-teller—stry-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grwn-up—grwn-ups standby—standbys
3.名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：Kate and Mary’s rm凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate’s and Mary’s rms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shp，huse，hme等常省去。如：at the dctr’s (ffice)在(医生的)诊所里at the barber’s (shp)在理发店at Mr Green’s (huse)在格林先生家
点对点练习单句语法填空1.The team wh wn the three wrld (champinship) wuld always get this the festival，which lasts three r fur days，peple are dressed in their best clthes and participate in a variety f rich and clurful _______(activity) best slutin might be t find the (weakness) in the idea and t try and strengthen them，rather than use them simply as an excuse fr rejecting the whle idea.
champinships
4.Timmis and his team set ut t seek the effects f phne use n _______ (passer-by) usually expect Hllywd (her) t shw up n ur screens and defeat the bad ges t the (barber) t have his hair cut every mnth.7.—Where did yu tw have yur (stmach) examined?—At the dctr’s.We were examined by tw famus (German) mst students are in need f a nap，prper arrangements shuld be made s that students can have a gd rest after a whle ____________(mrning) hard wrk.
T learn mre knwledge①，I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn’t perfrm well.Hwever，my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary，it is a success③ in a way.
①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，prgress，advice，infrmatin为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如a surprise，a cmfrt等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如have a gd time，have a gd knwledge/cmmand f等。
不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的不可数名词有：
点对点练习单句语法填空1.Oh，Jhn，what pleasant surprise yu gave us!2.He gave us sme (advice) n hw t study felt that he needed mre (knwledge) abut imprt and exprt.
1.Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
解析 考查名词。句意为：中国新年是一个标志着冬天结束和春天开始的庆典。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebratin。
2.Histrical (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查名词。句意为：历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语，位于形容词Histrical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
3.Later，they learned t wrk with the (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉) their fields.(2020·浙江)
解析 考查名词复数。句意为：后来，他们学会了顺应季节，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子可知，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasns。
4.Other American studies shwed n (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.(2019·浙江)
cnnectin/cnnectins
解析 考查名词。句意为：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。根据n可知，要用cnnect的名词形式，cnnectin表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填cnnectin/cnnectins。
1.根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。2.单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。3.注意固定短语中名词的单复数。4.注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。5.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。
Mister Smith is 60① years ld and yesterday was his 60th② birthday. He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③，he drank dzens f④ bttles f beer a day.Hwever，he spent thusands f④ dllars in hspital.Later，tw fifths⑤ f his spare time was spent in taking exercise.
①数词的基本形式为基数词。②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加-th。以-y结尾的基数词变序数词，把-y变成-ie＋-th。③“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。“in ne’s＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。④具体数字＋dzen/scre/hundred/thusand/millin等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dzens/scres/hundreds/thusands/millins f＋名词复数。⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s，如1/3：ne third，2/3：tw thirds。
1.易错基数词thirteen十三 furteen十四 fifteen十五 eighteen十八 nineteen十九 twenty二十 thirty三十 frty四十 fifty五十 ninety九十2.易错序数词first第一 secnd第二 third第三 furth第四 fifth第五 eighth第八 ninth第九 eleventh第十一 twelfth第十二
点对点练习单句语法填空1.Peter gt a mdel ship frm his uncle n his (thirteen) (three) f the students in ur class have been t Disneyland ，there are t many mistakes in the (nine) line f yur made quite a few friends during his (twenty) is reprted that the earthquake has left (thusand) f peple hmeless.
单句语法填空1.The plum trees are first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化).They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
解析 考查序数的具体使用。第一应该用序数词，用在句中其前要有定冠词the。
2.He did it ne (three) the time it tk me.(北京高考)
解析 考查分数的表达。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s。此处分子为1，所以用序数词的单数形式，故填third。
1.需要使用数词时，要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。2.使用序数词时，注意前面要有定冠词the。3.注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配，如in the 1820s，in his 30s，thusands f等。
I bught an interesting① nvel yesterday.The bk is s interesting② that I can hardly let g f it.Wrried③ abut my study，my mther tk it away.Hwever，I fund my mther absrbed④ in it.
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在感官类或使役动词＋宾语之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。
My mther is reading the nvel attentively① nw and she is quite① mved by it.Obviusly②，she wn’t return the bk t me sn.
①副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。②副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1.名词、动词变形容词
2.形容词变副词形容词不同词尾变副词加(-ly)的口诀：(一般直接加) clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很，大大地(元e去e加) true→truly真实地(辅y变i加) happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e变y) terrible→terribly可怕地 gentle→gently轻轻地(-ll尾只加y) full→fully完全地 dull→dully迟钝地(-ic加ally) basic→basically主要地 scientific→scientifically 合乎科学地
3.-ed形容词修饰物的用法-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，cry(叫声)，face(表情)，vice(声音)，lk(表情)，eye(眼神)，expressin(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。He had a pleased smile n his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He tld me the news in a very excited vice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
4.同根副词加-ly和不加-ly有些副词不加-ly与其形容词表达的含义是一样的，而加了-ly之后的副词，其词义往往发生改变，具有抽象意义，表示程度。clse靠近地 clsely密切地，仔细地hard努力地 hardly几乎不late晚，迟 lately最近，不久前mst最，极其 mstly通常，主要地wide指距离宽 widely广泛地deep指具体深度 deeply深深地，非常，强烈地high指具体高度 highly高度地，非常
点对点练习单句语法填空1.The ld peple there were talkative and they tld us their ____________(persn) stries were many peple waiting at the bus stp，and sme f them lked very anxius and (disappint).3.I’ll never frget the (amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hpe t g there next time with my spent seven days in the wind and snw，cld and (hunger).
disappinted
5.I fund life in the UK quite (differ) frm that in title will be (fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn.7. (lucky)，he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.8.I am (terrible) srry that I can’t g t the bkstre with yu at the appinted time.
In my family，my mther is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mther，and becming fatter and fatter④.He is quite wrried because the fatter⑤ he is，the mre likely⑤ he is t be ill.
二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est，以e结尾直接加-r或-est；一元一辅结尾注意双写结尾辅音，多音节词前面加mre或the mst。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still等词修饰。
③倍数表达法：•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋f＋B④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。
1.有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加mre和mst构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：cmmn，handsme，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-w，-er结尾的词。2.有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrng(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，pssible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3.有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。gd/well—better—best bad/ill—wrse—wrst many/much—mre—mstlittle—less—least ld—lder/elder—ldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具体空间上) far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)4.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加-er和-est。easy—easier—easiest happy—happier—happiest early—earlier—earliest
5.“否定词语＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。N man is better than yu in the wrld.人世间没有人比你好。I haven’t read a mre interesting nvel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
点对点练习单句语法填空1.The (much) we d fr thse in need，the happier we’ll safety has arused (wide) attentin f the public than the end f the 19th century and the beginning f 20th century，Beijing Opera finally frmed and became the (big) f all peras in Green isn’t as strict a teacher Mr White.5.I have never met a (kind) teacher than Mrs Smith befre.
6.The electrnic waste stream is increasing three times (fast) than traditinal garbage as a restaurant wasn’t half as (gd) as that ne we went yu study the lcal map，yu’ll find this twn is twice size f that ne.
单句语法填空1.The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(环形山)，mre s the familiar near side.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查介词。根据空前的比较级mre可知，此处是将the far side f the mn和the familiar near side进行比较。故填than。
2.One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their (fine) wrk，s that he culd chse the best.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查最高级。结合句意及后文的chse the best可知，此处应用形容词最高级。故填finest。
3.In the 18th and 19th centuries， (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants，histrical bjects and wrks f art.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查形容词。此处修饰名词peple，应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。
4.As the small bat mved (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查副词。此处修饰动词mved，应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
5.It’s never t early t make necessary preparatins fr a healthy and (meaning) cllege experience.(2019·北京)
解析 考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词cllege experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
1.看到与than连用，要想到用比较级；看到比较级，要想到than。2.看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。3.在句子中如果是作定语、表语、宾补或表示心理状态的状语，则用形容词。4.如果修饰整个句子、动词或形容词，则用副词。5.看到and，but，r等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级。
单句语法填空1.Last Octber，while tending her garden in Mra，Sweden，Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away.
解析 考查名词的单复数。根据上文的“a handful f”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrt的复数形式。
2.Then，handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f (achieve).
achievement
解析 考查词性转换。介词后接名词，a real sense f achievement意为“一种真实的成就感”。
3.—Why nt buy a secnd-hand car first if yu dn’t have enugh mney fr a new ne?—That’s a gd (suggest).
解析 考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处用提示词suggest的名词形式，由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填suggestin。
4.Althugh he researches clning，his (intend) has never been t create cpies f humans.
解析 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，intentin n.目的，打算。因后面的谓语为单数形式，故此处应填名词的单数形式。
5.Cming t anther cuntry t study requires a big (adjust) and it takes a while t fit in.
解析 考查词性转换。requires 后面要跟名词作宾语，所以要填adjust的名词形式，再由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填adjustment。
6.In the early (fifty)，researchers fund that peple scred higher n intelligence tests if they spke mre than ne language.
解析 考查基数词。表示“在五十年代早期”用“in the＋整十的基数词的复数”，故填fifties。
7.She is the (twelve) tutr，wh has cme t lk after his children since their mther died.
解析 考查序数词。数词前面有the，应该用其序数词形式。故填twelfth。
8.The ld man ges t the park every (three) day，jgging with his fellws.
解析 考查序数词。“every＋序数词＋day/mnth/year”表示“每几天/月/年”。故填third。
9.But the successful test drilling fr fire ice des nt mean it can be extracted fr (industry) use.
解析 考查形容词。根据空前的介词fr和空后的名词use可知，空处应填形容词来修饰名词。注意industry变形容词时，要变y为i，再加-al。
10.Have yu ever been (embarrass) because f frgetting smething imprtant?
embarrassed
解析 考查形容词。根据语境可知，空处所填词修饰人，表示“窘迫的，尴尬的”，故应用-ed形式的形容词。
11.The the students learn abut the university，the easier it will be fr them t adapt t the envirnment.
解析 考查比较级。本句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，故填mre。
12.The wrld’s ppulatin is increasing at a (surprise) rate and we are in danger f destructin.
解析 考查形容词。此处表示“世界人口以惊人的速度增长”，修饰物，故此处要用-ing形式的形容词surprising“令人惊讶的”。
13.Nwadays it’s the secnd (large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant ecnmic，educatinal and cultural center.
解析 考查形容词的最高级。由空前的the secnd和空后的表示范围的in Bulgaria可知，空处应用最高级形式。
14.Indians start practicing yga at a very yung age，s their bdies are even (strng).
解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及空前的修饰语even可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。
15.There isn’t much traffic n Sunday，s (hpe) we’ll arrive in time fr the cncert.
解析 考查副词。空处在此修饰s后面的整个句子，应用副词形式。
1.Filled with (curius)，the artist packed his bags and left.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查名词。with为介词，后跟名词curisity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curisity。
2.The (pssible) that there is life n ther planets in the universe has always inspired scientists t explre the uter space.(2018·天津)
解析 考查名词。句意为：宇宙的其他星球上存在着生命，这一可能性总是激励着科学家们去探索外太空。定冠词the后面应该为名词，故填pssibility。
3.Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all (cause).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查名词的单复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时，是可数名词，前面有all，故用cause的复数形式。
4.My name is Mireya Mayr.I’m a (science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查名词。由空后的wh可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。scientist科学家。
5.Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck.Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially trublesme.(2018·浙江)
解析 考查名词的单复数。此处指中国菜，为可数名词，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
6.Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in (weigh) prblems.(2018·浙江)
解析 考查名词。此处应用名词作定语修饰prblems，weight prblems意为“体重问题”。故填weight。
7.She has turned dwn several (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查名词的单复数。several修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填invitatins。
8.Landing n the mn’s far side is (extreme) challenging.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查副词。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
9.Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin，such as hw ice and ther treasures it cntains，culd help China decide whether its plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查形容词。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
10.Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffice. (certain) during the hliday perid，this plant is a must.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
解析 考查副词。此处修饰整个句子，用副词certainly；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Certainly。
11.On ur way t the huse，it was raining hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t get there.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查副词。此处表示“雨下得如此大以至于我们忍不住想还要多久才能到达那里”。“”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填s。
12.It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been (pr) studied；hwever，bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000－25,000 plar bears wrldwide.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词prly修饰谓语动词，故填prly。
13.Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal，runners live three years (lng) than nn-runners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查副词的比较级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填lng的比较级lnger。
14.He screams the (lud) f all.The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
解析 考查最高级。根据空前的the和空后的f all可知，他的声音最大，所以用最高级ludest。
15.Even (bad)，the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
解析 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even wrse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
名词篇(改编自2020·全国Ⅱ)Decrating with Plants，Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 1. (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the 2. (begin) f spring.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。
解析 考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知，后接名词形式。故填celebratin。
解析 考查名词。和前面的the end f winter并列，是名词词组，begin的名词形式为beginning。
This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers carries special 3. (significant).They represent the earth cming back t 4. (live) and best wishes fr new beginnings.
significance
解析 考查名词。此处作谓语动词carries的宾语，应该用名词形式。故填significance。
解析 考查名词。作介词t的宾语，用名词或动名词形式，结合句意可知填life。
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry：Oranges：Orange trees are mre than 5. (decrate)；they are a symbl f gd frtune and 6. (wealthy).
解析 考查名词。根据句意可知，应用名词形式，故填decratin。
解析 考查名词。与gd frtune共同作f的宾语，所以用名词形式，故填wealth。
They make great gifts and yu see them many 7. (time) decrated with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
解析 考查名词的单复数。time表示次数，是可数名词，用在many之后，故填times。
Bamb：Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices.Certainly during the hliday perid，this plant is 8. must.Bamb plants are assciated with health，abundance and a happy hme.They are easy t care fr and make great 9. (present).
解析 考查冠词。must此处表示“必须做(或看、买等)的事”，是可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。
解析 考查名词的单复数。present作“礼物，礼品”讲，是可数名词，此处表示泛指。故填presents。
10. (branch) f Plum Blssms(梅花)：The beautiful lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are the first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
解析 考查名词的单复数。可数名词出现时，要么前面加冠词，要么用复数形式表泛指。此处branch前面没有冠词及其他限定词，所以只能用其复数形式。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Branches。
1.形容词的名词化表达某些形容词可以用“be f＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be imprtant＝be f imprtance be beneficial＝be f benefit be valuable＝be f value be helpful＝be f help be useful＝be f use be interesting＝be f interest典例 (2017·北京，书面表达)这里是我关于这次旅游的一些建议，希望会对你有益。Here are sme suggestins abut this trip，which I hpe will be f benefit t yu.
运用 (2018·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)首先，准时是非常重要的。
First f all，being punctual is f great imprtance.
2.副词的名词化表达某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger anxiusly＝with anxiety curiusly＝with curisity cmfrtably＝in cmfrt peacefully＝in peace hurriedly＝in a hurry jyfully＝with jy典例 (2020·1月浙江)当Pppy看到小狗时，她欢快地叫了起来。When Pppy saw the small puppy，she barked with jy.运用 (2020·7月浙江)我们万分焦急地等待着救援的到来。
We waited fr being rescued with great anxiety.
3.活用带有比较级的句型(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...典例 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，写作)我听到的鼓励越多，我就越有劲。The mre encuragement I heard，the mre energetic I felt.运用 (2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)你知道，我们练习得越多，比赛时我们表现得就越好。
As yu knw，the mre we practice fr it，the better we will perfrm in the match.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义典例 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Jhn认为没有什么比帮助别人自力更生更有意义的事情了。Jhn thught nthing was mre meaningful than helping thers earn a living by themselves.运用 (2017·11月浙江)没有什么比去露营忘记带帐篷更糟的事了，没有比我妈妈更健忘的人了。
Nthing was mre terrible than frgetting t take the tent when ging camping and nbdy was mre frgetful than my mm.
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