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译林版牛津英语七年级下册全册Unites1-8单元知识点及语法归纳
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译林版牛津英语七年级下册全册单元知识点及语法归纳
七年级英语下册知识点总结Unit 1 Dream homes
一、重点词组、句型
1、Would you like to live in the palace, Eddie? 埃迪，你想住宫殿里吗？
①Would you like sth? 肯定回答： Yes, please. 否定回答： No, thanks.
②Would you like to do sth? 肯定回答：Yes, I’d like/love to. 否定回答：I’d like/love to, but…
2、There are twenty restaurants in town. 镇上有二十家餐馆。
There are about 8,000,000 people living in London. 大约有八百万人住在伦敦。
①表示某地有……，用there be 句型，谓语动词就近原则。
There __________(be) an art room, a music room and two computer rooms in our school.
②表示有事情要做，用there be sth to do。 There are lots of things ___________(see) in Beijing..
③表示有某人正在做某事，用there be sb doing sth.。
On game shows, there are always famous people___________(talk) about their lives.
3、I live in a town 15 miles from London. 我住在离伦敦15英里的一个镇上。
be far (away) from 离……远，但出现具体距离时，不用far
My home is __________________from the school.
My home is 5 kilometres ___________from the school. A. away B. far C. close D. next to
4. have fun with sb./sth. 和某人/某物玩得开心
have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心
have(has/had) fun= have(has/had) a good time= enjoy(enjoyed) onself(myself/yourself/youselves……)
5、I also have a bedroom of my own. =I also have my own bedroom. 我也有自己的房间。
own ①(adj.) 自己的 用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，加强语气
②(vt.) 拥有 owner (n.) 物主，所有人
He______________(own) a big company in New York.
He is the______________(own) of a big company in New York.
6、I share a bedroom with my sister. 我和妹妹共享一间卧室。
share sth. with sb. 和某人共享……
7、We often listen to music in bed. 我们经常躺在床上听音乐。
①in bed 意为 (躺)在床上，bed 前无冠词修饰。 Don't read ________________. 不要躺在床上看书。
②on the bed 表示某样东西在床上。 There is a book ____________. 床上有本书。
8、I Love to sit there and look out at the beach and the sea. 我喜欢坐在那里向外看海滩和海。
look out at sth 向外看…… look out of… 看……的外面 look out 向外看，小心
It’s good for your eyes to ______________ the green trees for a minute or two.
A. look out of B. look out at C. look out from D. look for at
look like 看起来像 look up 查阅（字典/资料），向上看 look after 照顾 look for 寻找（强调动作）
in the sea 在海里 by sea= by ship坐船 by the sea 在海边
9、Your house is really different from the flats here in our town. 你的房子和我们城镇里的公寓真的很不一样。
be different from… 和……不同，不同于…… be the same as……和……相同
different 是形容词，名词为difference
Our classroom is different from___________(he ).
There are some _____________(different) between the four words.
10、Each room has a new computer. 每间房间都有台新电脑。
each 用于两者及以上的每一个，后面可以直接跟 of。如 each of them/you/us
every 用于三者及以上的每一个，后面不能直接跟 of，
如要表示每一个，_可用 every one。如every one of them/you/us
Each student _________________(have) a book in his hand.
Each of the students__________________(have) a book in his hand.
The students each__________________(have) a book in his hand.
11. knife n.刀子，小刀 其复数为knives
wife(妻子)，wolf(狼)，shelf(架子)，thief(小偷)，leaf(树叶)，life（生命）
12. thanks for sth./doing sth.= thank sb. for doing sth. 因为……而感谢某人
Thank you for helping me.= Thanks for helping me.=Thank you/Thanks for your help.
13. Your garden is full of flowrs.你的花园里都是花。
be full of……= be filled with…… 充满着……
14. I hope to visit your home some day.我希望有一天能去拜访你家。
hope to do sth.希望去做某事
hope +(that)从句，上句等于I hope I can visit your home some day. 常用I hope you have a good time.
some day 将来有一天，总有一天 只用来指将来
one day 某一天 可以指过去，也可以指将来
the other day 前几天 常用于一般过去时
He writes such wonderful stories that he _____________(make) a good writer some day.
I______________(happen) to meet him in the street the other day.
15. May I speak to Daniel, please? 我可以找Daniel接电话吗？
打电话时，常用this/that来指代说话双方，直到相互知道身份，常用：
This is Daniel speaking.=Speaking. 表示正是某人在接电话。
Is that Tom speaking?那是Tom吗？
16. Can you ask him to call me back?你能让他给我回电话吗？
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要去做某事
ask (sb.) for sth. (向某人)要某物
17、I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend. 在周末，我想邀请朋友来看电影。
invite (v.) 邀请 invitation (n) 邀请 an invitation letter 一封邀请函
invite sb to someplace 邀请某人去某地或参加活动
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事
18、have an area of over 260,000 square miles 占地260,000多平方英里
91,000 square meters in size 91,000平方米的面积
square ①adj. 平方的square metres 平方米 ②n.广场 Tian’an men Square 天安门广场
二、语法复习
（一）基数词构成及读法
1、1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2、13-19都以teen结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3、20-90之间的“整十”都以ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4、20-99之间的“几十几”，先说“几十”，再说“几”，且中间加连词符。
如：22 twenty-two, 49 forty-nine, 94 ninety-four
5、101-999之间的非整百的基数词读法为： 百位数和十位数（或个位数）之间用and连接。
如：608 six hundred and eight, 732 seven hundred and thirty-two
6、四位数及以上的基数词读法为？
（二）基数词的部分用法
1、表顺序。由单数名词 + 基数词，此时名词和基数词第一个字母大写。
如：Class One, Room Five, Lesson Ten, Page 108, No. 9 Middle School
2、确数与概数的表达
基数词+ hundred, thousand, million, billion+ 名词复数 six hundred students
短语：hundreds, thousands, millions, billions+ of +名词的复数 数以百/千/百万/十亿计的……
Thousands of visitors have come to Hangzhou in the last two weeks.
注意：two hundred of the students 学生中的两百个
3、another+基数词+名词复数= 基数词+more+名词复数 表示再增加一定的数量，意思是“再、又、还”。
He ate another two cakes. = He ate two more cakes. 他又吃了两块蛋糕。
We need one more hour to finish the work. = We need another hour to finish the work
（三）序数词的构成
1、第一到第三需逐个记忆 first, second, third
2、第四到第十九，特殊的是：fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。其余都由相应的基数词加th构成。
3、20-90之间“第几十”的序数词由相应的基数词去掉y加 ieth构成。
twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth
4、21-99之间的“第几十几”的序数词，前面的十位数用基数词，后面的个位用序数词，中间用连词符连接。如：twenty-first, twenty-ninth, seventy-eighth。
5、对比以下序数的写法：fourth, fourteenth, fortieth ninth, nineteenth, ninetieth
（四）序数词的用法：
1、序数词表顺序时，前要加定冠词the，有物主代词或名词所有格不需要加the。
The second picture is very beautiful. 第二幅图很漂亮。
Today is grandma’s______________(nine) birthday.
He is always the first __________ (come) to school in our class.
2、表日期中的“日”。 2009 年7月6日 July 6th, 2009
(1) He lives on ___________________(seven) floor.
(2) The ________________(twenty-nine) Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
(3) Father’s Day is the ________________(three) Sunday in June.
(4) Now, everyone, please turn to Page________ and look at the _________ picture.
A. Twelve, fifth B. Twelfth, fifth C. Twelve, five D. Twelfth, five
三、四会内容
A、词组
1、the biggest one 最大的一个 2、the capital of Japan 日本首都
3、in the centre of 在……的中心 4、have my own bedroom 有我自己的卧室
5、in most homes 在大多数家庭里
6、people from 180 countries and areas 来自180个国家和地区的人
7、1815 feet tall 1815英尺高 8、Women’s Day妇女节
9、on the eighth of March在三月八日 10、of one’s own属于某人自己的
11、take a message传个话，捎个口信 leave a message留个口信
12、call sb back给某人回电话 13、more than enough food超多的食物
B. 重点句子
1、The living room is the best place to chat and watch TV. 客厅是聊天和看电视最好的地方。
2、There are about 8,000,000 people living in London. 大约有八百万人住在伦敦。
3、He is always the first to come to school in our class他总是我们班第一个到校的。
4、What kind of home do you live in? 你住在哪种类型的房子里？
Which floor do you live on? 你住在第几层？
5、My dream home is at the foot of a hill. 我理想的家在山脚下。
七年级英语下册 Unit 2 Neighbours
一、重点词组、句型用法
1. I am afraid they won`t welcome visitors like you.我恐怕他们不会欢迎向你这样的客人。
be afraid to do sth 害怕去做某事 be afraid of sth /doing sth.害怕某物/做某事 be afraid+(that)从句welcome sb. 欢迎某人 welcome to sp.欢迎来到某地
like (prep)像 He, _______his elder brother, likes chatting with others.
I’m afraid so.恐怕是的。 I’m afraid not. 恐怕不是这样的。
2.It`s good to live in a neighbourhood like that. 住在那样一个小区很好。
It`s+形容词to do sth
3.What are your neighbours like?= How are you neighbours?你的邻居们（性格品质）如何？
What be sb/sth like?你认为…怎么样(性格品质)？（用形容词回答）
What do/does sb. like?某人喜欢什么？
What do/does sb. look like?某人长什么样子(外貌)？
4. They often meet at the community centre and share their different skills.
different +名词复数
5.Some of them are volunteers.他们中有一些人是志愿者。
some/most/all of +名词/代词 （名词前有限定词） one of +复数 表示“……之一”
Most of the water is for drinking. 大多数水都是用来喝的。
Most of the students in our class are boys. 我们班大多数学生是男生。（注意主谓一致）
6.They help us with all kinds of problems. 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人去做某事 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
with the help of sb 在某人的帮助之下 without one`s help没有某人的帮助 helpful adj.乐于助人的
all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的
7. There`s something wrong with my computer. = My computer is broken.= My computer doesn’t work.=My computer isn’t working. 我的电脑坏了。
something 指物的不定代词，“某事，某物”，看作单数。
形容词修饰不定代词要后置，something interesting , something strange，不定式修饰要后置something to eat
注：would you like /could you /can I结构还用something, 表委婉语气，或希望得到肯定回答。
其他的不定代词：someone/somebody anyone/anybody/anything everyone/everybody/everything
nobody(=no one)/nothing
8.I want to help sick people.我想要帮助生病的人
sick可修饰名词，ill 也表示生病的，但不能修饰名词，只能用“The little boy is ill.”
9.That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像是个好主意。（That sounds good!）
sound like +名词词组 听起来像…… look like … 看起来像……
sound(听起来)/look（看起来）/feel（感觉）/smell（闻起来）/taste（尝起来）/become(变得,成为)，以及be动词，都是动词家族中较特殊的一类词，叫做“连系动词”，一般后接形容词，而大多数行为动词要用副词来修饰。
eg. They look cool!他们看起来很酷！ The music sounds beautiful!音乐听起来很美妙！
10.Some college students are ready to help.一些大学生乐于帮忙。
be ready to do sth. 准备/乐于做某事 be ready for sth 为……做好准备
eg. We are ready for the coming exams.我们为接下来的考试做好了准备。
Please get ready for your lesson!请为你的课程做好准备，get ready强调动作，be ready 强调“已经准备好了”的状态。
11. Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?
worry about sth/sb 特殊疑问词+to do sth
①I don`t know who _________(ask) for help.
②Do you know when __________(start)?
12. Are you not feeling well these days? 你最近觉得不舒服吗？
I’m not feeling well.= I don’t feel well. “well”此处是形容词，表示身体好的。
13.They will make you feel better!他们会让你好起来。
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 make +宾语+adj. 使……觉得……
eg. Our teachers make us stop talking.
The exciting news makes him feel excited.
14.When people do not know what to wear to a party or how to design their home, the artists will give them some ideas. 当人们不知道该穿什么去派对或者如何去设计自己的家，这些艺术家们将会给他们一些点子。
“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”可做宾语或主语，是对一个句子的省略，此处“what to wear”相当于“what they should/can wear”。
二、语法复习
simple future tense with will and shall一般将来时
1.当将来一定会发生的事或已经计划好的事用will. We will have a charity show next week.
2. be going to更侧重于计划打算或很快就要发生的事。 It is so cloudy. I think it is going to rain.
①There ___________a football match in our school next week.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D are going to be
②It _________my brother’s birthday tomorrow. He ________a party.
A. is going to be; has B. will be; is having C. will be; is going to have D. will have; is going to be
③How cold now! I think it ___________(rain).
3.there be句型的一般将来时“there will be ……/there is(are)going to be……”
4..shall可用于第一人称I/we, 替代will表示一般将来时，但shall更多用来表示建议。
eg.Shall we take a bus there? 我们能坐汽车去那儿吗？
5.常用的时间状语：tomorrow明天，tomorrow morning/afternoon，the day after tomorrow后天，next week/month/Sunday/year，in the future在将来，“in+一段时间”表示“多久以后”,in 2020在2020年
三、四会内容
一、重要词组
1.live in a flat in City Garden in Ninth street 住在第九街道城市花园的公寓里
2.most students=most of the students 大多数学生
3.have/hold a meeting 开会
4.do some shopping for them 为他们购物 do some washing/reading/cleaning
5.plan a day out with my uncle`s family 计划和叔叔一家外出一天
6.the day after tomorrow 后天 7.make a fire 生火
8.work in a restaurant in the town centre 在镇中心一家餐馆工作
9.her elder brother 她的哥哥
11.go to work by train. 乘火车上班 by +交通工具
12.at the community centre 在社区中心
13.on the afternoon of 5 March 在三月五号的下午 on Monday afternoon/morning
14.worry about what to wear to a party 担心穿什么去晚会
15. all the day= the whole day=all day long
17.know a lot about styles and colours 关于风格和颜色知道很多
18.be happy to give you some ideas 很高兴给你一些主意
19. worry about= be worried about 担心……
二、重要句子
1.People here are like a big family.（ like 为介词，像）这儿的人像一个大家庭。
2.What are you going to do in the future? 将来你想干什么？。
3.He often goes to work by bike=He often rides to work. 骑车上班
4.I`m sure you`ll be good at it. be sure +从句
5.We are going to have a “helping hands” meeting at the community centre on the afternoon of 5 March.
6.Is there anything wrong with your fridge? 疑问句和否定句中something改为anything
7.They will be happy to give you some ideas. 他们将很高兴给你一些想法。
七年级英语下册 Unit 3 Welcome to Sunsne Town
一、重要词组、句型
1. An old friend of mine is coming to see me. 我的一个老朋友要来看我。
2. Is it enough for a tin of dog food? 那够买一罐狗粮吗？
enough + n. enough修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。
adj./adv. + enough enough修饰形容词时放在其后。
eg. We don’t have enough time to do the homework well enough.我们没有足够的时间把作业完成得足够好。
be ……enough for …… 对……足够……
eg. The room is big enough for three hundred people.
be + adj.+ enough to do sth. 足够……可以做某事
eg. Lin Tao was brave enough to save Mrs. Sun from the fire.
a tin of……意为 “一罐……” 量词短语（数词+量词+of）
two pieces of paper/news/bread 两张纸、两条消息、两片面包
four cups of tea a carton of milk
3. Maybe we can order a pizza. 也许我们能订一点比萨饼。
maybe 是副词， “也许，大概”, 一般在句首，may be 在句中作谓语。
Maybe he is right. = He _______ __________ right.
He may be in the library now.= Maybe he is in the library now.
order n. 命令,顺序,订单 v.命令（order sb. to do sth.）
4. Shall we invite them to have dinner with us? ---Good idea!/ounds good
我们邀请他们和我们一起共进晚餐怎么样？
表示建议的句型
Would you like to do sth.? Shall we do sth.?
Why not do sth.? Why don’t / doesn’t sb. do sth.?
Let’s do sth. How about / What about sth./doing sth.?
You’d better (not) do sth.
5.Shall we take them to the cinema?我们带他们去电影院怎么样？
take sth.to sp./sb. 把……带到某地/带给某人
eg. Can you take my little sister here?
6.There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town.在阳光镇有很多可以做的事情。
动词不定式“to do”作后置定语修饰前面的“things”。
There is too much homework to do every day.每天都有很多作业
7.It takes only 40 minutes by underground.乘地铁只要花费4钟的时间。
“take” 意为：花费。主语通常是 it takes（took/will tak） sb. some time to do sth.
1.我骑自行车上学大约要花费15分钟的时间。
It _________ me about 15 _________ _________ go to school ______ ______.
2.我家离公园步行大约30分钟。
It _____ me about 30 _______ from my home to the park _______ ________.
常和 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.某人花费时间做某事 转换。
8.Beijing duck is very famous.北京烤鸭很著名。
be famous for 因……而著名 be famous as 作为……而著名
The West Lake is famous _________ its beautiful scenery.
Edision is famous _____________a great inventor.
9.Why not visit our local theatre and enjoy Beijing opera? 为什么不参观我们当地的剧院并且欣赏京剧呢？
Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.?为什么不做某事？
为什么现在不去公园呢？________ ________ ______ to the park now?
10. We are looking forward to meeting you soon.
look forward to sth. 期待某物 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事
eg. e are all looking forward to the summer holiday. 我们都盼望着暑假。
11. Don’t miss them. 别错过它们。
miss sth/doing sth(错过) miss sb.(想念)； Miss Smith 史密斯小姐（未婚）
eg. I don’t want to miss the last bus.
I miss my mother very much.
12.Go to Baohe Palace to see works of art 去保和殿看艺术品
work n.作品，著作(可数) n. 工作（不可数） 工作 work hard 努力工作
13.How far is it from the hotel? 它离旅馆有多远？
how far “多远”，对距离进行提问 how soon “多久以后”用 “in+一段时间”回答。
how long “多久，多长”，对一段时间或物体长度进行提问
eg. Howlong does it take you to get from home to school?从家到学校花费你多长时间？
How long is this ruler? 这把尺有多长？
------ How soon will they come back? 他们要过多久才回来？
------They’ll come back in two weeks. 他们两周之后回来。
14. I’m going to show you around my hometown.我要带你参观我的家乡。
how sb. around （+地点）带领某人参观……
show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. 向某人展示某物
show n.演出，展览，节目
15.I can smell flowers and hear the birds sing.我能闻到花香，听见鸟唱歌。
hear/see/watch/find/notice sb. doing sth. 听见/看见/看到/发现/注意到 某人做某事的状态
hear/see/watch/find/notice sb. do sth. ① 听见/看见/看到/发现/注意到 某人做某事的全过程
② 或指经常看到某事发生
16.Some families raise cows, and others grow wheat. 一些家庭养牛，另一些家庭种植小麦。
some……，and others……意为“一些……，其他的……”
other 意为“别的，其他的”+复数名词 others= other +n. There are other people in the room.
the other 作代词，指两者中的“另一个”，常用于“one……，the other……”句型中。
eg.There are many trees on the other side of the river.
another 泛指三者或三者以上的同类事物中的“另一个”，强调“再，又”，常接单数名词
eg. This coat is too large for me. Please show me another one.
也有 “another+数词+名词复数”的结构，意为在原来的基础上再加一些,=数词+more+名词复数
e Five apples are not enough. Please give me another five (apples).（=five more apples）
the others 在具体的语境中特指 “其他的XXX”
eg. These three books are Lily’s. The others are yours.(指三本以外剩下的书)=the other books.
二、语法复
名词所有格的构成：
1)单数名词或人名后加 ’s the student’s bag Tom’s book
2)以s或es结尾的复数,其所有格加’; the students’ classrooms the teachers’ offices
3)不以s结尾的名词复数, 其所有格后加’s。 Children’s Day the old people’s home Women’s Day
4)两人所共有，则在第二个人后面加’s; 分别所有，各自加’s
Lucy and Lily’s desk Lucy’s and Lily’s desks
5) 表示无生命名词的所有关系用of（也能用于有生命名词的所有格）
the window of the house a friend of mine a teacher of my brother’s
6) 一些用于表距离、时间、国家或城镇等无生命的名词，也可使用’s表所有格。
ten minutes’ walk China’s history today’s newspaper
7）用“belong to属于”表示所有
sth. belong(s) to sb. = sth. is sb’s
e.g. This k belongs to Lily. =This book is __________
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
代词
一单
一复
二单
二复
三单
三单
三单
三复
形物
my
our
your
your
her
his
its
their
名物
mine
ours
yours
yours
hers
his
its
theirs
用法：形容词性物主代词后面要加名词 名词性物主代词相当于名词 单独使用
( )1. Is he a friend of _______? A. my B. him C. hers D. you
( )2. This blue pen is _____ and that red one is ________.
A. James’s; my B. James; mine C. James’; me D. James’s; mine
( )3.Whose car is this, _______ or ________. your; his B. mine; her C. hers; his D. ours; their
( )4.My homework is on the ___ desk and yours is in the ____ office.
A. teacher’s; teachers’ B. teachers’; teacher’s C. teacher’s; teacher’s D. teachers’; teachers’
四会内容识记
WO的一位老朋友 an old friend of mine= one of my old friends
邀请他们和我们一起共进晚餐 invite them to have dinner with us
为某人买某物 buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
了解更多有关中国艺术 learn more about Chinese art
互相了解/互相帮助 know each other /help each other
互相学习 learn from each other
一个很棒的居住地 a wonderful place to live
七年级英语下册 Unit 4 Finding your way
一、重点词组、句型
1. Are you sure, Hobo?
be sure of sth. 对……确信（有把握） be sure to do sth. 一定要去做某事 be sure +that从句
I am sure of my answers. 我对我的答案有把握。
They are sure to win the game. 他们一定会赢得比赛。
I am sure that they will win the game.
2．I think we have to go up again．
have(had/has) to意为“不得不"，强调客观，愿意也要做，不愿意也要做 （否定式 don’t have to）
must强调主观，自己认为必须要去做, 但mustn’t 意为“禁止，不准”,语气强烈。
Dad, must I finish my homework before going shopping？爸爸，我必须要在购物之前完成作业吗？
肯定回答：Yes, you must./ I’m afraid you have to.
否定回答：No, you don’t have to./ No, you needn’t.
My bike is broken，so I walk to school．
3．Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School．
表示“A在B的东/南/西/北面”用句型:”A is east/south/west/north of B”其同义句是：
A is to/on the east/south/west/north of B
eg. Nanjing is west of Shanghai=Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai.
表示方位的介词in, on与to 的区别
（1）in表示 A在B的范围之内, Taiwan is the south of China.
(2) to表示两者不接壤，不从属 Hangzhou is the south of Taizhou.
(3)on表示两地接壤 China is on the south of Russia.
4. Remember that they are dangerous. Never go near them.记住他们很危险，不要靠近他们
remember sth. 记得/记住某物 Can you remember your ID card numbers?
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已经做了）I remember turning off the lights, but it’s on now.
remember +that从句 反义词：forget（过去式forgot）用法相同
eg. Please remember (turn) off the light when you leave the classroom.
I remember (meet) the man somewhere.
5．Go straight on，and you’ll find the Panda House.
“祈使句+and／or +一般将来时"表示在假设的某种条件下将会产生的结果，and通常后接好的结果，or意为“否则”，通常后接不好的结果。如：
Hurry up, and we’ll catch the early bus．
Hurry up，or we’ll miss the early bus．
Work hard, you’ll pass the exam.(and/or)
6. Take the second turning/crossing on the right.在第二个拐弯处向右拐。
= Turn right at the second turning/crossing.
Turn right into People’s Road. 向右拐入人民路。
7．The treasure is under the ground in front of the third tree on the left．
in front of意为“在某物外部的前面”，in the front of指“在某物内部的前面”。
The teacher is having the lesson in the front of the classroom．There is a bus in front of the classroom．
Lily is sitting Daniel.
8．How do I get there? 去那儿的路怎么走呢?
这是问路的一种表达。还有如下同义表达：
(1)Which is the way to．．．? (2)Where is the．．．?
(3)Is there a．．．near here? (4)Could you tell me the way to…．?
(5)Could you tell me how to get to/how I can get to．．．?
9.⑴sound n.声音 在一般情况下，泛指各种声音。如：
sound vi.听起来（系动词） Your idea great./那听起来是个好主意。
⑵与noise, voice 的用法区别
noise 主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音(可用作可数或不可数名词)。如：
voice 主要指人讲话或唱歌的声音(是可数名词)。如He speaks in a low voice.
10. prepare …… for……为……准备……
二．语法复习
1．冠词(a／an，the)
the用法：特指双方熟悉，上文已经提及，世上独一无二，方位名词乐器，某些专有名词，外加姓氏复数
序数词最高级，也指固定人群 （the poor/young/ old……穷人们、年轻人们、老人们）
零冠词：下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限，复数名词表种类，球类学科和三餐，四季七天12个月，
交通方式和节日，固定搭配和头衔。
2.方位介词：in，on，under，behind，near，at，between（在两者之间），in front of／in the front of，above，below, beside，inside，outside等。
Shall we meet the school gate?
It’s very cold the room. Please come in ,Simon.
Nick lives on the fourth floor. I live two floors him, I live on the sixth floor.
through介词，意为“通过；穿过”，多指从立体空间（的内部）穿越，可和forest, city, window等搭配。
over指从物体的悬空上方移过， across指从表面穿过，可和street, bridge等搭配。
We’re looking________ the window.
Look! The old man is walking __________the street.
(1)Can you swim__________ the river? (2)The road runs____________ the forest．
(3)Go _________ the bridge，you’ll find a cinema． (4)Many birds are flying _________our building．
in front of 指在某物（外部）的前面，与“behind 在……后面”相对应，in the front of 意为在某个物体内部的前端，与at the back of 相对应。
eg. There are some trees___________________ our classroom.（树在教室的外面，不是生长在教室里）
There is a teaching desk __________________our classroom.(讲台在教室里面)
三、四会内容
1、go straight on 一直向前
2、lie down 躺下来
3、all day long整天的
4、jump around 到处跳
5、make people laugh 使人笑
6、cross（=go/walk across）the bridge 过桥
7、lie on the grass 躺在草地上
8、over there 在那边
9、on the left/right 在左/右边
10、on the left/right of…… 在……的左/右边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边
11、walk past the house 走过那幢房子
12、at the corner of 在…..拐弯处
in the corner 在角落
13、plenty of food 充足的食物
= a lot of food
七年级英语下册Unit 5 Amazing things
一、重点句子及语法
1. amazing adj. 令人吃惊的，惊人的 （指物）amazed adj.感到惊讶的 （指人）
surprised & surprising excited & exciting interested & interesting tired & tiring
2. Fish sleep with their eyes open. 鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。
with+名词+形容词/介词短语 在句中做伴随状语 with light on with door open
with引导的介词短语还可以在句中做定语，其反义词为without （without sth./doing sth.）
with 还可以表示“用” draw 3-D pictures with chalk 用粉笔画3D图画
3. Our eyes are the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.我们的眼睛和出生时一样大，但是我们的鼻子和耳朵从没有停止生长。
the same size一样的尺寸 look the same看起来一样
stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
Stop________(talk)! Let’s begin our class now.
I’m too tired. Let’s stop_________(work)__________(have) a rest, shall we?
4. The sun is about 1,300,000 times larger than the Earth. 太阳的体积大约是地球的130万倍。
I am two years older than my sister.我比我妹妹大两岁。
我哥哥比我高5厘米。
5. reply （replies/replied） reply to sb. /sth. 对……作出回答 = answer sb./sth.
He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。
6. hear listen sound辨析 hear of 听说
hear 强调听到的结果或内容，listen强调听的过程 sound听起来,是系动词+adj.
Did you _______ anything strange?
_______ to the teacher carefully in class.
Your idea ________ good.
7.leave （left） ( l ) leave v.离开. leave +出发地+for+目的地 (2)leave sth.+地点 把……遗忘在某地
8.happen (偶然)发生 . sth happened to sb 某人发生某事 sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
9.search v.搜寻 search for =look for =hunt for寻找（强调过程）search +地点+for+物 在某个地方找某物
10. surprised adj.吃惊的 surprise vt.使……惊讶 或作n.惊喜，令人惊讶的事
be surprised to do sth. 做某事很惊讶 be surprised at sth.对某事（物）感到惊讶
to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是，作插入语。 eg. To his surprise, he failed the exam.
11. He can write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.他可以同时一只手写字，另一只手画
one……the other……“（两者中的）一个……另一个……”
other adj. 其他的 +复数名词 常用others在具体语境中指代“其他的人或事物”
another adj.& adv. 另一，又一 强调“再，又”
the others 在具体的语境中特指其他的人或事物
eg. We should be friendly to_________ people.
Mr. Sun has two sons. One is a doctor, _________ is a teacher.
There are many beautiful flowers on___________ side of the river.
Students shouldn’t copy __________ homework.
I will be busy tomorrow. Let’s make it ________ time.
Some of the students are hard-working, but how about ___________?
12. I am not afraid of animals any more = I am no more afraid of animals. 我不再害怕动物了。
not……any more 不再，再也不……
You shouldn’t play computer games any more.你不应该再玩电脑游戏了。
二、重点短语与句型
1.look at the bright lights on the plane 看看飞机上的亮灯
2.as usual 和平常一样 say（said） to himself 他自言自语
3. on one’s/ the way to sp. 在去某地的路上 on one’s/ the way home/ here/ there
4. pick up pick it/ them up 捡起、拾起
5.run away quickly 迅速逃跑 live on the ground 生活在陆地上
6.travel around the world by bicycle 骑自行车环游世界
7.a man called/named+姓名 一个名叫……的人 stop for meals停下来吃饭
8.become popular all over the world 在全世界变得很受欢迎
9. at least至少 turn around 转身 turn on/off 打开/关掉 turn up/down 把声音调大/调小
10. as large as和…一样大 be weak in sth. 在某方面差 stranger 陌生人
三、语法复习
一般过去时（I）
I、一般过去时的基本用法
1、带有确定的过去时间状语如：yesterday, yesterday morning, two days ago, last year, the other day（前几天），once upon a time, just now, in the old days（过去的日子里）等时要用过去时。如：
Did you have a party the other day? 前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？
2、表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去时间的状语，而是通过上下文表示。如：
First I finished my homework. Then I played the piano. Next I watered the plants. After that, I watched a film on TV with my father. 首先我完成了作业，接着我弹了钢琴，然后给植物浇了水，那以后我和父亲在电视上看了一部电影。
3、表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always, never连用。如：
Mrs Green always carried an umbrella. 格林太太过去老是带着一把伞。（说明是过去的动作，不表明她现在是否带着伞）
II、动词过去式的构成规则
（1）规则动词的过去式的构成
①在动词原形后直接加ed。如：listen―listened open―opened finish―finished
②以不发音的e结尾的加d。如：like―liked close―closed use―used
③重读闭音节末尾仅有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如：
drop―dropped plan―planned stop―stopped
④以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加ed。如：
worry―worried study―studied
（2）不规则动词的过去式
不规则动词的过去式要多下功夫，才能牢记不忘。如：
cost―cost put―put come―came ring―rang
make―made send―sent do―did buy―bought
一般过去时的用法简介：
a. 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now, the other day等，或与由when引导的从句。
b.还有不规则动词的过去式需牢记书后的表
七年级英语下册Unit 6 Outdoor fun
一、重点词组
1、hurry up 快点，赶快
9、put up our tent 搭我们的帐蓬
2、go through the door 通过门
10、fly kites 放风筝
3、go riding 去骑马
11、use bamboo to make kites 用竹子做风筝
4、put……into……把……放进……
12、make a bird out of wood 用木头做鸟
5、sit by a river 坐在河边
13、from then on 从那时起
6、on the other side在另一边
14、from now on 从现在起
7、run across跑着穿过
15、make paper 造纸 make money 挣钱
8、jump down a big hole 跳进一个大洞
16. run after 追赶 get away 逃脱；离开
二、重要句型
1、Hurry up, Eddie. 快点，埃迪！
hurry up意为“快点”。如：Hurry up, or you will be late. 快些，不然要迟到了。
（1）hurry to +地点 意为“赶往某地”，如：Betty hurried to the garden. 贝蒂急忙奔向花园。
（2）（be）in a hurry意为“匆忙地；仓促地”.
（3）hurry to do sth. 急忙做某事
2、Hobo, carry it for me. 霍波，帮我拿包吧。
[辩异]bring, carry 和take
bring表示“拿来”（从远到近）take表示“拿走”（从近到远）carry表示“搬、运”
____________ me my food here, please.
You can read the book here but you can’t ______ it home.
Trains _______ more things than trucks.
3、You complain too much. 你抱怨太多了。 complain to sb. about sth.向某人抱怨某事
He complained______the teachers. He complained_______ his child’s bad grades.
too much “太多”修饰不可数名词或修饰动词表程度
too many “太多” 修饰名词复数 much too “太” 修饰形容词或副词
You shouldn’t eat _______ meat. I’m afraid you eat _________.
Jim put _________ books into his schoolbag, so it is ______ heavy now.
4、It took a watch out of its pocket and looked at the time. 它从口袋里拿出一块表看了看时间。
take A out of B意为“从B物品中拿出A”。 make A out of B意为“用B物品制作A物品”
5、Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground.
爱丽丝掉了很长一段时间，接着她撞到了地面。
（1） fall 作动词，意为“倒下；跌下；落下”，其过去式为fell。如：
Jack fell into the water and got wet. 杰克掉进水里，全身都湿透了。
fall down 倒下；落下 fall asleep 入睡
fall off……从……掉下 fall behind 落后；落在……的后面
（2）hit作动词，意为“打；敲；撞；击中”。过去式hit.
hit sb in the face/on the head意为“打某人的脸/头”，如：
Simon hit Jack in the face. 西蒙打了杰克的脸。
6、She found herself alone in a long, low hall. 她发现她自己单独在一个长的低矮的大厅里。
（1）alone用作形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语。如：
Robinson was alone on the island. 罗宾逊一人在岛上。
（2）alone用作副词，意为“单独地；独自”。=by oneself或on one’s own如：
The old woman lived alone in the mountain village. 这位老妇单独一人住在那个山村。
lonely 只作adj.孤独的，寂寞的，强调内心感受。
eg. The old woman doesn’t feel _______although she lives__________.
7、Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.
try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事
try on 试穿 have a try 试一下
try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力去做某事
8、He practised playing volleyball with his friends. 他和他的朋友练习打排球。
practise sth./doing sth. eg. practise basketball = practise playing basketball
We should practise ___________English every day. 我们应该每天训练说英语。
9、We put up a tent near a lake. 我在湖旁搭起了帐蓬。(put过去式put)
（1）put 动词，意为“放；置”。如：Please put your shoes under the bed. 请把鞋放在床下。
（2）put up 意为“举起；建起；住宿”如：
Those who want to see the film put up your hands. 想看电影的人，请举手。
10、Weifang, a city in Shandong Province, has become famous for making kites from then on. 潍坊－山东省的一个城市，从那时起因制造风筝变得出名了。
from then on 意为“从那时起”，与一般过去时连用
from now on 意为“从现在起” 与一般将来时连用
11、Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key.
爱丽丝不得不回到那张桌子，但她太小够不到那把钥匙。
too … to …意为“太……而不能……”。短语中too是副词，后接形容词或副词；to是动词不定式的符号，后接动词原形。如：
The story is too difficult for me to understand. 这个故事太难，我无法理解。
He walked too slowly to catch up with me. 他走路太慢而能不能跟上我。
三、语法复习
一般过去时（II）
I一般过去时的句型见下表：
动词种类
句型
例句
to be
肯定句：主语 + be的过去式（was, were）. . .
I was very tried last night. 我昨天晚上很累。
否定句：主语 + be的过去式（was, were）+ not . . .
I wasn’t busy the other day. 前几天我不忙。
疑问句：be的过去式（was, were）+主语 + . . . ?
―Was your mother free this morning? ―今天上午你妈妈有空吗？
―Yes, she was./No she wasn’t ―是的，她有空。/不，她没有空。
to do
肯定句：主语 + 动词的过去式 + . . .
She studied Russian two years ago. 她两年前学过俄语。
否定句：主语 + did not + 动词原形 + . . .
He didn’t have classes this morning. 他今天上午没课。
疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + . . .?
―Did he go there? ―他去那里了吗？
―Yes, he did./No, he didn’t. ―是的，他去了。/不，他没有去。
II与一般过去时经常搭配的时间状语有：
1、 yesterday 或由其构成的短语。如：yesterday morning, the day before yesterday等。
2、由last开头构成的短语。如：last year, last month等。
3、由ago结尾构成的短语。如：a moment ago, an hour ago等。
4、由“介词+过去时间”构成的短语。如：in 2002, at the time等。
5、this week, this year, today等也可与一般过去时连用，但它们必须指过去，决不包括“现在”在内。
6、其他词。如：then, just now, once等。
此外，也可以根据上下文或语境所暗示的时间来判断出一般过去时。如：I saw him in the street.
七年级英语下册Unit 7 Abilities
一、重点词组
1、believe it or not 信不信由你
13、play with matches 玩火柴
2、look out 留神，当心
14、be careful with 小心
3、plant trees 植树
15、be on fire 着火了
4、clean up the park 把公园打扫干净
16、in the newspaper 在报纸上
5、give a seat to someone on the bus 在公交车上给某人让座
17、work hard on the subject 努力学习这门功课
6、collect things for Project Hope 为希望工程筹集物品
18、pour water over his clothes 把水泼在他的衣服上
7、visit an old people’s home 拜访老年公寓
19、by the way 顺便问一下；顺便说说
8、rush into the kitchen 冲进厨房
20、as fast as light 像光一样快
9、do/try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力
21、do well in … 在……方面做得好
10、raise some money for them 为他们募集资金
22、at the age of … 在……岁时
11、put out the fire 扑灭火
23、take part in 参加
12、be in hospital 生病住院
24、lose(lost) one’s way 迷路
13.before his parents came在他父母来之前
25. get the award 获得奖项
二、重要句型
1、Believe it or not! 信不信由你！
belive/think后可接that引导的宾语从句，当主语为第一人称，后接否定意义的宾语从句时，需要否定前移。eg. 我认为他不会通过考试。正：I don’t think/believe that he can pass the exam. 误：I think/believe that he can’t pass the exam.
2、We can send some books to them. 我们可以给他们送些书。(过去式sent)
send用作及物动词，意为“寄（信等）；发（电报）；（派人）送”。
send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb. (give/show/lend/pass传递)
borrow sth. from sb. buy sb sth.= buy sth. for sb.
拓展： ①send up 发射 ②send for （派人去）请来
3、Some children are not even able to pay for school. 一些孩子甚至不能付上学的钱。
able形容词，意为“有能力的；能干的”。如：Your father is an able man.
be able to 能；会 。相当于can/could，但be able to 有一般将来时。
sb. pay (sb.) for sth. 某人付给（某人）钱买某物 过去式paid
sb. spend +时间/金钱（in）doing sth./ on(doing) sth. 某人花费时间、金钱做某事。
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费了某人多长时间。
sth. cost sb.+ 金钱 某物花了某人多少钱
4、He was brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire.
他足够勇敢将他的邻居从火中救了出来。
save 动词，意为“救；求助”，save . . . from意为“从……中救出……”。save还有“节省，节约；储蓄，保存”的意思。
5、He was in hospital for two weeks. 他在医院住了两个星期。
in hospital意思是“生病住院”，而in the hospital意思为“在医院里”。
6、Keep your hair away from fire. 让头发要远离火。
词组keep . . . away from sth表示“（使）不靠近或远离……”的意思。如：
Keep the children away from the water. It’s dangerous. 不要让儿童靠近水。危险！
7、When he is free, he often helps at the Helping Hands Club and does most of the computer work for the club. 当他有空时，他常常在帮手俱乐部帮忙解决大多数电脑问题。
when/while引导时间状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时，when引导的句子用一般现在时表示一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
When you________(come) here tomorrow, can you bring me some fruit?
If it ________(not rain) tomorrow, we will go boating on the lake.
8、We look forward to hearing from you soon. 我们期待很快收到你的来信。
hear from sb.（宾） 意为“收到某人的来信”
write (a letter) to sb. 给某人写信
9.He is a member of our Project Hope and often takes part in activities like collecting clothes and books for children in need. 他是我们希望工程的一名成员，经常参加一些为有需要的孩子筹集衣物和书本的活动。
be a member of…… 是……的一名成员 in (great) need of sth. （急）需要某物
take part in ……参加（活动） join 参加（组织，群体）
10. protect +宾+from/against…… 保护……不受……
三、语法复习
I、情态动词can, could的用法
（1）can的用法
can表示某人具有某种能力，意思为“能，会”，也表示客观的可能性，是“能够，可能”的意思。后接动词原形，适用于所有人称。
（2）could的用法
could为can的过去式，表示“能，可以”，另外could可用来代替can，表示更为客气委婉的语气，用来提出要求，但回答时不能用could，而要用can.
Could you swim when you were young? No, I couldn’t. (问能力)
Could I smoke here? No, you can’t. (表示委婉的请求)
其他回答：Go ahead./Help yourself./No problem./You’d better not./I’m afraid you can’t.
II、感叹句的用法
感叹句用来表示强烈的感情，能表达愤怒、悲哀、惊奇、厌恶和赞赏等。 句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调。在口语中常用省略句，后面的主语和谓语往往省略，有时只用一个词或词组表达。
（1）以what开头的感叹句，what作定语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），可数名词单数形式前要加不定冠词a(an)。句型：What (a/an)+adj.+n.(+s+v)! 如：
What a clever boy(he is )! 多么聪明的孩子！
（2）以how开头的感叹句，how作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动词。句型：How +adj./adv.(+s+v)!
如：
How blue the sky is ! 天空多么蓝啊！
（3）疑问句形式的感叹句：有些感叹句采用一般疑问句的形式表示，以否定词开头，在口语中读降调。如：
Isn’t it a lovely view ! 多美的景色呀！
七年级英语下册Unit 8 Pets
一、重点词组
1、something to eat 一些吃的东西
10、repeat my words 重复我的话
2、sleep on my knees 睡在我的膝盖上
11、all the time 一直，总是
3、hold sth in one’s hand 某人手里握着某物
12、in the sun 在阳光下
4、teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
13、weigh up to 40 grams 重大约40克
5、with eyes open wide 睁大眼睛
14、grow up 成长；长大成人
6、build me camps out of sticks 用树枝为我搭建营地
15、make any noise 发出任何噪音
7、look after 照顾
16、brush her fur 给她刷毛
8、look around for me 四处找我
17、sleep in a basket 睡在篮子里
9、take care of 照顾
二、重要句型
1、Bring me my lunch. 把午餐给我带来。(过去式brought)
句中的bring的意思是“带来，拿来”。 Bring常后接双宾语，即“bring somebody something”或“bring something to somebody”。
2、I can feed her carrots. 我能喂胡萝卜给她吃. (过去式fed)
句中feed的意思是“喂养，给予食物”。常见的短语有feed something to . . . （把……喂给……），feed on . . .（以……为食） eg. Cats feed on fish. 猫以鱼为食。
3、With eyes open wide, he hunts when I hide. 当我躲起来的时候，他睁大眼睛来找我。
句中的介词短语with eyes open wide表示伴随情况，在句中作状语。它的结构是with + 名词或代词（宾格）+分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式。如：
The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
4、He’d never bark or bite, and he doesn’t like to fight. 它从不叫，也不咬人，也不喜欢打斗。
fight(fought) with sb. 和某人打架 have a fight with sb.
5、I will look after him until the end. 我将照顾他一直到最后。
look after ……well=take good care of…… 照顾好……
句中until的意思是“直到……时候”，相当于till,但until比till更加正式，until多用于句首。
not . . . till/until . . . 直到……才……
She didn’t hear from her son till last Friday. 直到上星期五他才接到儿子的信。
6、Goldfish are quiet and easy to look after. 金鱼很安静且容易照料。
“主语 + be + adj. to do”结构是英语中的一个重要句式，当这一句式里的主语是后面不定式的逻辑宾语时，它有一个同义句式：It + be + adj. + to do sth. 如：
English is easy to learn. = It is easy to learn English. 英语很好学。
The text is easy to understand. = It is easy to understand the text. 这课文很好理解。
7、A goldfish weighs about 40 grams. 一条金鱼重约40克。
weigh动词，意为“重；承重；称……的重量”。 weigh up to 重达……
weight名词，意为“体重；重量”。如：
What’s the weight of the watermelon（西瓜）? 这些西瓜多重？
三. 语法复习：
I、形容词
形容词是用来修饰名词和代词，表示人和或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词。如：tired, boring, busy, beautiful, easy, difficult, exciting等。
1、形容词描述事物，作为修饰词，形容词常常放在名词前。adj.+n. 形容词修饰名词。如：
It was a windy day. 那是一个有风的天。
Can you hear a strange noise? 你能听到一个奇怪的声音吗？
2、形容词描述事物，和系动词一起用，形容词常常放在系动词后，系动词+ adj. 形容词作表语 英语中的常见的连系动词有：be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn 等。口诀：一be, 二保持keep, stay三变become, turn get, 五感官look, smell, feel,sound, taste, 等。如：
She is honest and helpful. 她诚实而又乐于助人。
The garden looks so beautiful. 花园看起来很美。
The plan sounds good. 这个计划听起来很好。
[拓展]
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词、数词、描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）、出处、材料性质、类别、名词。如：
a famous French medical school an expensive German sports car
II、不定代词
1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, no one/nobody都是指代人的不定代词，当我们不确定所谈论的人的名字或者不需要提及他/她的名字时，就可以用这些不定代词指代。
① someone/somebody可以用来表示：“一个未指明的或未知的”人，常用于肯定句。如：
Somebody gave you a ticket for the pop concert. 有人给了你一张流行音乐会的门票。
②anyone/anybody可以表示“任何人”或“不确定的某个人”。当表达第一种意思时，可用于肯定句；第二种意思意思则用于疑问句和否定句。如：
Anyone will tell you where the post office is. 谁都会告诉你邮局在哪儿。（任何一个人）
③no one/nobody意为“没有人；没有任何人”。no one常用于书面语，nobody在口语中常用。如：Nobody knew what to do. 谁也不知道该做什么。
④someone/somebody, anyone/anybody 和 no one/nobody都具有单数含义，因此后面要接单数谓语动词。如：Someone is waiting for you in the playground. 有人在操场上等你。
⑤它们可以有所有格形式，指代某个人所拥有的东西，相应的代词一般也用单数。如：
I don’t want to waste anyone’s time. 我不想浪费任何人的时间。
2、something, anything, nothing
① something, anything, nothing常指代物，代表我们不确定某样东西或我们不需要提及名字的某样东西。
②something用来表示“一个未指明的或未知的物”，常用于肯定句。如：
Something is better than nothing. 有总比没有好。
③anything可以表示“任何东西/事情”或“不一定是哪一件东西/事情”。当表达第一种意思时，可用于肯定句；第二种意思则用于疑问句和否定句。如：
Is there anything in the bag? 袋子里有东西吗？
④nothing表示否定含义。如：I’ve got nothing to say. 我没有什么话可以说。
⑤形容词修饰不定代词时常位于其后，作后置定语。如：
We’re looking for someone special. 我们在寻找一个特殊的人。
⑥一般来说，something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句和疑问句：但在问话人认为对方确实需要某物或该做某事而希望得到肯定答复时，在问句中用something。如：
Can you do something for me? I really need your help.
你能为我做件事吗？我真的需要你的帮助。（某件很确定的事，而且希望对方能答应）
Have you got anything interesting? 你有没有什么有趣的东西？（任何有趣的东西，而且不确定对方会有什么样的答复）
3.不定代词+adj. 作后置定语修饰不定代词
There is nothing wrong with my computer.
4.keep/make+宾语+adj. 作宾语补足语 eg. We should keep the room clean.
七年级英语下册知识点总结Unit 1 Dream homes
一、重点词组、句型
1、Would you like to live in the palace, Eddie? 埃迪，你想住宫殿里吗？
①Would you like sth? 肯定回答： Yes, please. 否定回答： No, thanks.
②Would you like to do sth? 肯定回答：Yes, I’d like/love to. 否定回答：I’d like/love to, but…
2、There are twenty restaurants in town. 镇上有二十家餐馆。
There are about 8,000,000 people living in London. 大约有八百万人住在伦敦。
①表示某地有……，用there be 句型，谓语动词就近原则。
There __________(be) an art room, a music room and two computer rooms in our school.
②表示有事情要做，用there be sth to do。 There are lots of things ___________(see) in Beijing..
③表示有某人正在做某事，用there be sb doing sth.。
On game shows, there are always famous people___________(talk) about their lives.
3、I live in a town 15 miles from London. 我住在离伦敦15英里的一个镇上。
be far (away) from 离……远，但出现具体距离时，不用far
My home is __________________from the school.
My home is 5 kilometres ___________from the school. A. away B. far C. close D. next to
4. have fun with sb./sth. 和某人/某物玩得开心
have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心
have(has/had) fun= have(has/had) a good time= enjoy(enjoyed) onself(myself/yourself/youselves……)
5、I also have a bedroom of my own. =I also have my own bedroom. 我也有自己的房间。
own ①(adj.) 自己的 用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，加强语气
②(vt.) 拥有 owner (n.) 物主，所有人
He______________(own) a big company in New York.
He is the______________(own) of a big company in New York.
6、I share a bedroom with my sister. 我和妹妹共享一间卧室。
share sth. with sb. 和某人共享……
7、We often listen to music in bed. 我们经常躺在床上听音乐。
①in bed 意为 (躺)在床上，bed 前无冠词修饰。 Don't read ________________. 不要躺在床上看书。
②on the bed 表示某样东西在床上。 There is a book ____________. 床上有本书。
8、I Love to sit there and look out at the beach and the sea. 我喜欢坐在那里向外看海滩和海。
look out at sth 向外看…… look out of… 看……的外面 look out 向外看，小心
It’s good for your eyes to ______________ the green trees for a minute or two.
A. look out of B. look out at C. look out from D. look for at
look like 看起来像 look up 查阅（字典/资料），向上看 look after 照顾 look for 寻找（强调动作）
in the sea 在海里 by sea= by ship坐船 by the sea 在海边
9、Your house is really different from the flats here in our town. 你的房子和我们城镇里的公寓真的很不一样。
be different from… 和……不同，不同于…… be the same as……和……相同
different 是形容词，名词为difference
Our classroom is different from___________(he ).
There are some _____________(different) between the four words.
10、Each room has a new computer. 每间房间都有台新电脑。
each 用于两者及以上的每一个，后面可以直接跟 of。如 each of them/you/us
every 用于三者及以上的每一个，后面不能直接跟 of，
如要表示每一个，_可用 every one。如every one of them/you/us
Each student _________________(have) a book in his hand.
Each of the students__________________(have) a book in his hand.
The students each__________________(have) a book in his hand.
11. knife n.刀子，小刀 其复数为knives
wife(妻子)，wolf(狼)，shelf(架子)，thief(小偷)，leaf(树叶)，life（生命）
12. thanks for sth./doing sth.= thank sb. for doing sth. 因为……而感谢某人
Thank you for helping me.= Thanks for helping me.=Thank you/Thanks for your help.
13. Your garden is full of flowrs.你的花园里都是花。
be full of……= be filled with…… 充满着……
14. I hope to visit your home some day.我希望有一天能去拜访你家。
hope to do sth.希望去做某事
hope +(that)从句，上句等于I hope I can visit your home some day. 常用I hope you have a good time.
some day 将来有一天，总有一天 只用来指将来
one day 某一天 可以指过去，也可以指将来
the other day 前几天 常用于一般过去时
He writes such wonderful stories that he _____________(make) a good writer some day.
I______________(happen) to meet him in the street the other day.
15. May I speak to Daniel, please? 我可以找Daniel接电话吗？
打电话时，常用this/that来指代说话双方，直到相互知道身份，常用：
This is Daniel speaking.=Speaking. 表示正是某人在接电话。
Is that Tom speaking?那是Tom吗？
16. Can you ask him to call me back?你能让他给我回电话吗？
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要去做某事
ask (sb.) for sth. (向某人)要某物
17、I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend. 在周末，我想邀请朋友来看电影。
invite (v.) 邀请 invitation (n) 邀请 an invitation letter 一封邀请函
invite sb to someplace 邀请某人去某地或参加活动
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事
18、have an area of over 260,000 square miles 占地260,000多平方英里
91,000 square meters in size 91,000平方米的面积
square ①adj. 平方的square metres 平方米 ②n.广场 Tian’an men Square 天安门广场
二、语法复习
（一）基数词构成及读法
1、1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2、13-19都以teen结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3、20-90之间的“整十”都以ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4、20-99之间的“几十几”，先说“几十”，再说“几”，且中间加连词符。
如：22 twenty-two, 49 forty-nine, 94 ninety-four
5、101-999之间的非整百的基数词读法为： 百位数和十位数（或个位数）之间用and连接。
如：608 six hundred and eight, 732 seven hundred and thirty-two
6、四位数及以上的基数词读法为？
（二）基数词的部分用法
1、表顺序。由单数名词 + 基数词，此时名词和基数词第一个字母大写。
如：Class One, Room Five, Lesson Ten, Page 108, No. 9 Middle School
2、确数与概数的表达
基数词+ hundred, thousand, million, billion+ 名词复数 six hundred students
短语：hundreds, thousands, millions, billions+ of +名词的复数 数以百/千/百万/十亿计的……
Thousands of visitors have come to Hangzhou in the last two weeks.
注意：two hundred of the students 学生中的两百个
3、another+基数词+名词复数= 基数词+more+名词复数 表示再增加一定的数量，意思是“再、又、还”。
He ate another two cakes. = He ate two more cakes. 他又吃了两块蛋糕。
We need one more hour to finish the work. = We need another hour to finish the work
（三）序数词的构成
1、第一到第三需逐个记忆 first, second, third
2、第四到第十九，特殊的是：fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。其余都由相应的基数词加th构成。
3、20-90之间“第几十”的序数词由相应的基数词去掉y加 ieth构成。
twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth
4、21-99之间的“第几十几”的序数词，前面的十位数用基数词，后面的个位用序数词，中间用连词符连接。如：twenty-first, twenty-ninth, seventy-eighth。
5、对比以下序数的写法：fourth, fourteenth, fortieth ninth, nineteenth, ninetieth
（四）序数词的用法：
1、序数词表顺序时，前要加定冠词the，有物主代词或名词所有格不需要加the。
The second picture is very beautiful. 第二幅图很漂亮。
Today is grandma’s______________(nine) birthday.
He is always the first __________ (come) to school in our class.
2、表日期中的“日”。 2009 年7月6日 July 6th, 2009
(1) He lives on ___________________(seven) floor.
(2) The ________________(twenty-nine) Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
(3) Father’s Day is the ________________(three) Sunday in June.
(4) Now, everyone, please turn to Page________ and look at the _________ picture.
A. Twelve, fifth B. Twelfth, fifth C. Twelve, five D. Twelfth, five
三、四会内容
A、词组
1、the biggest one 最大的一个 2、the capital of Japan 日本首都
3、in the centre of 在……的中心 4、have my own bedroom 有我自己的卧室
5、in most homes 在大多数家庭里
6、people from 180 countries and areas 来自180个国家和地区的人
7、1815 feet tall 1815英尺高 8、Women’s Day妇女节
9、on the eighth of March在三月八日 10、of one’s own属于某人自己的
11、take a message传个话，捎个口信 leave a message留个口信
12、call sb back给某人回电话 13、more than enough food超多的食物
B. 重点句子
1、The living room is the best place to chat and watch TV. 客厅是聊天和看电视最好的地方。
2、There are about 8,000,000 people living in London. 大约有八百万人住在伦敦。
3、He is always the first to come to school in our class他总是我们班第一个到校的。
4、What kind of home do you live in? 你住在哪种类型的房子里？
Which floor do you live on? 你住在第几层？
5、My dream home is at the foot of a hill. 我理想的家在山脚下。
七年级英语下册 Unit 2 Neighbours
一、重点词组、句型用法
1. I am afraid they won`t welcome visitors like you.我恐怕他们不会欢迎向你这样的客人。
be afraid to do sth 害怕去做某事 be afraid of sth /doing sth.害怕某物/做某事 be afraid+(that)从句welcome sb. 欢迎某人 welcome to sp.欢迎来到某地
like (prep)像 He, _______his elder brother, likes chatting with others.
I’m afraid so.恐怕是的。 I’m afraid not. 恐怕不是这样的。
2.It`s good to live in a neighbourhood like that. 住在那样一个小区很好。
It`s+形容词to do sth
3.What are your neighbours like?= How are you neighbours?你的邻居们（性格品质）如何？
What be sb/sth like?你认为…怎么样(性格品质)？（用形容词回答）
What do/does sb. like?某人喜欢什么？
What do/does sb. look like?某人长什么样子(外貌)？
4. They often meet at the community centre and share their different skills.
different +名词复数
5.Some of them are volunteers.他们中有一些人是志愿者。
some/most/all of +名词/代词 （名词前有限定词） one of +复数 表示“……之一”
Most of the water is for drinking. 大多数水都是用来喝的。
Most of the students in our class are boys. 我们班大多数学生是男生。（注意主谓一致）
6.They help us with all kinds of problems. 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人去做某事 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
with the help of sb 在某人的帮助之下 without one`s help没有某人的帮助 helpful adj.乐于助人的
all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的
7. There`s something wrong with my computer. = My computer is broken.= My computer doesn’t work.=My computer isn’t working. 我的电脑坏了。
something 指物的不定代词，“某事，某物”，看作单数。
形容词修饰不定代词要后置，something interesting , something strange，不定式修饰要后置something to eat
注：would you like /could you /can I结构还用something, 表委婉语气，或希望得到肯定回答。
其他的不定代词：someone/somebody anyone/anybody/anything everyone/everybody/everything
nobody(=no one)/nothing
8.I want to help sick people.我想要帮助生病的人
sick可修饰名词，ill 也表示生病的，但不能修饰名词，只能用“The little boy is ill.”
9.That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像是个好主意。（That sounds good!）
sound like +名词词组 听起来像…… look like … 看起来像……
sound(听起来)/look（看起来）/feel（感觉）/smell（闻起来）/taste（尝起来）/become(变得,成为)，以及be动词，都是动词家族中较特殊的一类词，叫做“连系动词”，一般后接形容词，而大多数行为动词要用副词来修饰。
eg. They look cool!他们看起来很酷！ The music sounds beautiful!音乐听起来很美妙！
10.Some college students are ready to help.一些大学生乐于帮忙。
be ready to do sth. 准备/乐于做某事 be ready for sth 为……做好准备
eg. We are ready for the coming exams.我们为接下来的考试做好了准备。
Please get ready for your lesson!请为你的课程做好准备，get ready强调动作，be ready 强调“已经准备好了”的状态。
11. Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?
worry about sth/sb 特殊疑问词+to do sth
①I don`t know who _________(ask) for help.
②Do you know when __________(start)?
12. Are you not feeling well these days? 你最近觉得不舒服吗？
I’m not feeling well.= I don’t feel well. “well”此处是形容词，表示身体好的。
13.They will make you feel better!他们会让你好起来。
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 make +宾语+adj. 使……觉得……
eg. Our teachers make us stop talking.
The exciting news makes him feel excited.
14.When people do not know what to wear to a party or how to design their home, the artists will give them some ideas. 当人们不知道该穿什么去派对或者如何去设计自己的家，这些艺术家们将会给他们一些点子。
“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”可做宾语或主语，是对一个句子的省略，此处“what to wear”相当于“what they should/can wear”。
二、语法复习
simple future tense with will and shall一般将来时
1.当将来一定会发生的事或已经计划好的事用will. We will have a charity show next week.
2. be going to更侧重于计划打算或很快就要发生的事。 It is so cloudy. I think it is going to rain.
①There ___________a football match in our school next week.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D are going to be
②It _________my brother’s birthday tomorrow. He ________a party.
A. is going to be; has B. will be; is having C. will be; is going to have D. will have; is going to be
③How cold now! I think it ___________(rain).
3.there be句型的一般将来时“there will be ……/there is(are)going to be……”
4..shall可用于第一人称I/we, 替代will表示一般将来时，但shall更多用来表示建议。
eg.Shall we take a bus there? 我们能坐汽车去那儿吗？
5.常用的时间状语：tomorrow明天，tomorrow morning/afternoon，the day after tomorrow后天，next week/month/Sunday/year，in the future在将来，“in+一段时间”表示“多久以后”,in 2020在2020年
三、四会内容
一、重要词组
1.live in a flat in City Garden in Ninth street 住在第九街道城市花园的公寓里
2.most students=most of the students 大多数学生
3.have/hold a meeting 开会
4.do some shopping for them 为他们购物 do some washing/reading/cleaning
5.plan a day out with my uncle`s family 计划和叔叔一家外出一天
6.the day after tomorrow 后天 7.make a fire 生火
8.work in a restaurant in the town centre 在镇中心一家餐馆工作
9.her elder brother 她的哥哥
11.go to work by train. 乘火车上班 by +交通工具
12.at the community centre 在社区中心
13.on the afternoon of 5 March 在三月五号的下午 on Monday afternoon/morning
14.worry about what to wear to a party 担心穿什么去晚会
15. all the day= the whole day=all day long
17.know a lot about styles and colours 关于风格和颜色知道很多
18.be happy to give you some ideas 很高兴给你一些主意
19. worry about= be worried about 担心……
二、重要句子
1.People here are like a big family.（ like 为介词，像）这儿的人像一个大家庭。
2.What are you going to do in the future? 将来你想干什么？。
3.He often goes to work by bike=He often rides to work. 骑车上班
4.I`m sure you`ll be good at it. be sure +从句
5.We are going to have a “helping hands” meeting at the community centre on the afternoon of 5 March.
6.Is there anything wrong with your fridge? 疑问句和否定句中something改为anything
7.They will be happy to give you some ideas. 他们将很高兴给你一些想法。
七年级英语下册 Unit 3 Welcome to Sunsne Town
一、重要词组、句型
1. An old friend of mine is coming to see me. 我的一个老朋友要来看我。
2. Is it enough for a tin of dog food? 那够买一罐狗粮吗？
enough + n. enough修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。
adj./adv. + enough enough修饰形容词时放在其后。
eg. We don’t have enough time to do the homework well enough.我们没有足够的时间把作业完成得足够好。
be ……enough for …… 对……足够……
eg. The room is big enough for three hundred people.
be + adj.+ enough to do sth. 足够……可以做某事
eg. Lin Tao was brave enough to save Mrs. Sun from the fire.
a tin of……意为 “一罐……” 量词短语（数词+量词+of）
two pieces of paper/news/bread 两张纸、两条消息、两片面包
four cups of tea a carton of milk
3. Maybe we can order a pizza. 也许我们能订一点比萨饼。
maybe 是副词， “也许，大概”, 一般在句首，may be 在句中作谓语。
Maybe he is right. = He _______ __________ right.
He may be in the library now.= Maybe he is in the library now.
order n. 命令,顺序,订单 v.命令（order sb. to do sth.）
4. Shall we invite them to have dinner with us? ---Good idea!/ounds good
我们邀请他们和我们一起共进晚餐怎么样？
表示建议的句型
Would you like to do sth.? Shall we do sth.?
Why not do sth.? Why don’t / doesn’t sb. do sth.?
Let’s do sth. How about / What about sth./doing sth.?
You’d better (not) do sth.
5.Shall we take them to the cinema?我们带他们去电影院怎么样？
take sth.to sp./sb. 把……带到某地/带给某人
eg. Can you take my little sister here?
6.There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town.在阳光镇有很多可以做的事情。
动词不定式“to do”作后置定语修饰前面的“things”。
There is too much homework to do every day.每天都有很多作业
7.It takes only 40 minutes by underground.乘地铁只要花费4钟的时间。
“take” 意为：花费。主语通常是 it takes（took/will tak） sb. some time to do sth.
1.我骑自行车上学大约要花费15分钟的时间。
It _________ me about 15 _________ _________ go to school ______ ______.
2.我家离公园步行大约30分钟。
It _____ me about 30 _______ from my home to the park _______ ________.
常和 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.某人花费时间做某事 转换。
8.Beijing duck is very famous.北京烤鸭很著名。
be famous for 因……而著名 be famous as 作为……而著名
The West Lake is famous _________ its beautiful scenery.
Edision is famous _____________a great inventor.
9.Why not visit our local theatre and enjoy Beijing opera? 为什么不参观我们当地的剧院并且欣赏京剧呢？
Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.?为什么不做某事？
为什么现在不去公园呢？________ ________ ______ to the park now?
10. We are looking forward to meeting you soon.
look forward to sth. 期待某物 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事
eg. e are all looking forward to the summer holiday. 我们都盼望着暑假。
11. Don’t miss them. 别错过它们。
miss sth/doing sth(错过) miss sb.(想念)； Miss Smith 史密斯小姐（未婚）
eg. I don’t want to miss the last bus.
I miss my mother very much.
12.Go to Baohe Palace to see works of art 去保和殿看艺术品
work n.作品，著作(可数) n. 工作（不可数） 工作 work hard 努力工作
13.How far is it from the hotel? 它离旅馆有多远？
how far “多远”，对距离进行提问 how soon “多久以后”用 “in+一段时间”回答。
how long “多久，多长”，对一段时间或物体长度进行提问
eg. Howlong does it take you to get from home to school?从家到学校花费你多长时间？
How long is this ruler? 这把尺有多长？
------ How soon will they come back? 他们要过多久才回来？
------They’ll come back in two weeks. 他们两周之后回来。
14. I’m going to show you around my hometown.我要带你参观我的家乡。
how sb. around （+地点）带领某人参观……
show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. 向某人展示某物
show n.演出，展览，节目
15.I can smell flowers and hear the birds sing.我能闻到花香，听见鸟唱歌。
hear/see/watch/find/notice sb. doing sth. 听见/看见/看到/发现/注意到 某人做某事的状态
hear/see/watch/find/notice sb. do sth. ① 听见/看见/看到/发现/注意到 某人做某事的全过程
② 或指经常看到某事发生
16.Some families raise cows, and others grow wheat. 一些家庭养牛，另一些家庭种植小麦。
some……，and others……意为“一些……，其他的……”
other 意为“别的，其他的”+复数名词 others= other +n. There are other people in the room.
the other 作代词，指两者中的“另一个”，常用于“one……，the other……”句型中。
eg.There are many trees on the other side of the river.
another 泛指三者或三者以上的同类事物中的“另一个”，强调“再，又”，常接单数名词
eg. This coat is too large for me. Please show me another one.
也有 “another+数词+名词复数”的结构，意为在原来的基础上再加一些,=数词+more+名词复数
e Five apples are not enough. Please give me another five (apples).（=five more apples）
the others 在具体的语境中特指 “其他的XXX”
eg. These three books are Lily’s. The others are yours.(指三本以外剩下的书)=the other books.
二、语法复
名词所有格的构成：
1)单数名词或人名后加 ’s the student’s bag Tom’s book
2)以s或es结尾的复数,其所有格加’; the students’ classrooms the teachers’ offices
3)不以s结尾的名词复数, 其所有格后加’s。 Children’s Day the old people’s home Women’s Day
4)两人所共有，则在第二个人后面加’s; 分别所有，各自加’s
Lucy and Lily’s desk Lucy’s and Lily’s desks
5) 表示无生命名词的所有关系用of（也能用于有生命名词的所有格）
the window of the house a friend of mine a teacher of my brother’s
6) 一些用于表距离、时间、国家或城镇等无生命的名词，也可使用’s表所有格。
ten minutes’ walk China’s history today’s newspaper
7）用“belong to属于”表示所有
sth. belong(s) to sb. = sth. is sb’s
e.g. This k belongs to Lily. =This book is __________
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
代词
一单
一复
二单
二复
三单
三单
三单
三复
形物
my
our
your
your
her
his
its
their
名物
mine
ours
yours
yours
hers
his
its
theirs
用法：形容词性物主代词后面要加名词 名词性物主代词相当于名词 单独使用
( )1. Is he a friend of _______? A. my B. him C. hers D. you
( )2. This blue pen is _____ and that red one is ________.
A. James’s; my B. James; mine C. James’; me D. James’s; mine
( )3.Whose car is this, _______ or ________. your; his B. mine; her C. hers; his D. ours; their
( )4.My homework is on the ___ desk and yours is in the ____ office.
A. teacher’s; teachers’ B. teachers’; teacher’s C. teacher’s; teacher’s D. teachers’; teachers’
四会内容识记
WO的一位老朋友 an old friend of mine= one of my old friends
邀请他们和我们一起共进晚餐 invite them to have dinner with us
为某人买某物 buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
了解更多有关中国艺术 learn more about Chinese art
互相了解/互相帮助 know each other /help each other
互相学习 learn from each other
一个很棒的居住地 a wonderful place to live
七年级英语下册 Unit 4 Finding your way
一、重点词组、句型
1. Are you sure, Hobo?
be sure of sth. 对……确信（有把握） be sure to do sth. 一定要去做某事 be sure +that从句
I am sure of my answers. 我对我的答案有把握。
They are sure to win the game. 他们一定会赢得比赛。
I am sure that they will win the game.
2．I think we have to go up again．
have(had/has) to意为“不得不"，强调客观，愿意也要做，不愿意也要做 （否定式 don’t have to）
must强调主观，自己认为必须要去做, 但mustn’t 意为“禁止，不准”,语气强烈。
Dad, must I finish my homework before going shopping？爸爸，我必须要在购物之前完成作业吗？
肯定回答：Yes, you must./ I’m afraid you have to.
否定回答：No, you don’t have to./ No, you needn’t.
My bike is broken，so I walk to school．
3．Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School．
表示“A在B的东/南/西/北面”用句型:”A is east/south/west/north of B”其同义句是：
A is to/on the east/south/west/north of B
eg. Nanjing is west of Shanghai=Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai.
表示方位的介词in, on与to 的区别
（1）in表示 A在B的范围之内, Taiwan is the south of China.
(2) to表示两者不接壤，不从属 Hangzhou is the south of Taizhou.
(3)on表示两地接壤 China is on the south of Russia.
4. Remember that they are dangerous. Never go near them.记住他们很危险，不要靠近他们
remember sth. 记得/记住某物 Can you remember your ID card numbers?
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已经做了）I remember turning off the lights, but it’s on now.
remember +that从句 反义词：forget（过去式forgot）用法相同
eg. Please remember (turn) off the light when you leave the classroom.
I remember (meet) the man somewhere.
5．Go straight on，and you’ll find the Panda House.
“祈使句+and／or +一般将来时"表示在假设的某种条件下将会产生的结果，and通常后接好的结果，or意为“否则”，通常后接不好的结果。如：
Hurry up, and we’ll catch the early bus．
Hurry up，or we’ll miss the early bus．
Work hard, you’ll pass the exam.(and/or)
6. Take the second turning/crossing on the right.在第二个拐弯处向右拐。
= Turn right at the second turning/crossing.
Turn right into People’s Road. 向右拐入人民路。
7．The treasure is under the ground in front of the third tree on the left．
in front of意为“在某物外部的前面”，in the front of指“在某物内部的前面”。
The teacher is having the lesson in the front of the classroom．There is a bus in front of the classroom．
Lily is sitting Daniel.
8．How do I get there? 去那儿的路怎么走呢?
这是问路的一种表达。还有如下同义表达：
(1)Which is the way to．．．? (2)Where is the．．．?
(3)Is there a．．．near here? (4)Could you tell me the way to…．?
(5)Could you tell me how to get to/how I can get to．．．?
9.⑴sound n.声音 在一般情况下，泛指各种声音。如：
sound vi.听起来（系动词） Your idea great./那听起来是个好主意。
⑵与noise, voice 的用法区别
noise 主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音(可用作可数或不可数名词)。如：
voice 主要指人讲话或唱歌的声音(是可数名词)。如He speaks in a low voice.
10. prepare …… for……为……准备……
二．语法复习
1．冠词(a／an，the)
the用法：特指双方熟悉，上文已经提及，世上独一无二，方位名词乐器，某些专有名词，外加姓氏复数
序数词最高级，也指固定人群 （the poor/young/ old……穷人们、年轻人们、老人们）
零冠词：下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限，复数名词表种类，球类学科和三餐，四季七天12个月，
交通方式和节日，固定搭配和头衔。
2.方位介词：in，on，under，behind，near，at，between（在两者之间），in front of／in the front of，above，below, beside，inside，outside等。
Shall we meet the school gate?
It’s very cold the room. Please come in ,Simon.
Nick lives on the fourth floor. I live two floors him, I live on the sixth floor.
through介词，意为“通过；穿过”，多指从立体空间（的内部）穿越，可和forest, city, window等搭配。
over指从物体的悬空上方移过， across指从表面穿过，可和street, bridge等搭配。
We’re looking________ the window.
Look! The old man is walking __________the street.
(1)Can you swim__________ the river? (2)The road runs____________ the forest．
(3)Go _________ the bridge，you’ll find a cinema． (4)Many birds are flying _________our building．
in front of 指在某物（外部）的前面，与“behind 在……后面”相对应，in the front of 意为在某个物体内部的前端，与at the back of 相对应。
eg. There are some trees___________________ our classroom.（树在教室的外面，不是生长在教室里）
There is a teaching desk __________________our classroom.(讲台在教室里面)
三、四会内容
1、go straight on 一直向前
2、lie down 躺下来
3、all day long整天的
4、jump around 到处跳
5、make people laugh 使人笑
6、cross（=go/walk across）the bridge 过桥
7、lie on the grass 躺在草地上
8、over there 在那边
9、on the left/right 在左/右边
10、on the left/right of…… 在……的左/右边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边
11、walk past the house 走过那幢房子
12、at the corner of 在…..拐弯处
in the corner 在角落
13、plenty of food 充足的食物
= a lot of food
七年级英语下册Unit 5 Amazing things
一、重点句子及语法
1. amazing adj. 令人吃惊的，惊人的 （指物）amazed adj.感到惊讶的 （指人）
surprised & surprising excited & exciting interested & interesting tired & tiring
2. Fish sleep with their eyes open. 鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。
with+名词+形容词/介词短语 在句中做伴随状语 with light on with door open
with引导的介词短语还可以在句中做定语，其反义词为without （without sth./doing sth.）
with 还可以表示“用” draw 3-D pictures with chalk 用粉笔画3D图画
3. Our eyes are the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.我们的眼睛和出生时一样大，但是我们的鼻子和耳朵从没有停止生长。
the same size一样的尺寸 look the same看起来一样
stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
Stop________(talk)! Let’s begin our class now.
I’m too tired. Let’s stop_________(work)__________(have) a rest, shall we?
4. The sun is about 1,300,000 times larger than the Earth. 太阳的体积大约是地球的130万倍。
I am two years older than my sister.我比我妹妹大两岁。
我哥哥比我高5厘米。
5. reply （replies/replied） reply to sb. /sth. 对……作出回答 = answer sb./sth.
He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。
6. hear listen sound辨析 hear of 听说
hear 强调听到的结果或内容，listen强调听的过程 sound听起来,是系动词+adj.
Did you _______ anything strange?
_______ to the teacher carefully in class.
Your idea ________ good.
7.leave （left） ( l ) leave v.离开. leave +出发地+for+目的地 (2)leave sth.+地点 把……遗忘在某地
8.happen (偶然)发生 . sth happened to sb 某人发生某事 sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
9.search v.搜寻 search for =look for =hunt for寻找（强调过程）search +地点+for+物 在某个地方找某物
10. surprised adj.吃惊的 surprise vt.使……惊讶 或作n.惊喜，令人惊讶的事
be surprised to do sth. 做某事很惊讶 be surprised at sth.对某事（物）感到惊讶
to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是，作插入语。 eg. To his surprise, he failed the exam.
11. He can write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.他可以同时一只手写字，另一只手画
one……the other……“（两者中的）一个……另一个……”
other adj. 其他的 +复数名词 常用others在具体语境中指代“其他的人或事物”
another adj.& adv. 另一，又一 强调“再，又”
the others 在具体的语境中特指其他的人或事物
eg. We should be friendly to_________ people.
Mr. Sun has two sons. One is a doctor, _________ is a teacher.
There are many beautiful flowers on___________ side of the river.
Students shouldn’t copy __________ homework.
I will be busy tomorrow. Let’s make it ________ time.
Some of the students are hard-working, but how about ___________?
12. I am not afraid of animals any more = I am no more afraid of animals. 我不再害怕动物了。
not……any more 不再，再也不……
You shouldn’t play computer games any more.你不应该再玩电脑游戏了。
二、重点短语与句型
1.look at the bright lights on the plane 看看飞机上的亮灯
2.as usual 和平常一样 say（said） to himself 他自言自语
3. on one’s/ the way to sp. 在去某地的路上 on one’s/ the way home/ here/ there
4. pick up pick it/ them up 捡起、拾起
5.run away quickly 迅速逃跑 live on the ground 生活在陆地上
6.travel around the world by bicycle 骑自行车环游世界
7.a man called/named+姓名 一个名叫……的人 stop for meals停下来吃饭
8.become popular all over the world 在全世界变得很受欢迎
9. at least至少 turn around 转身 turn on/off 打开/关掉 turn up/down 把声音调大/调小
10. as large as和…一样大 be weak in sth. 在某方面差 stranger 陌生人
三、语法复习
一般过去时（I）
I、一般过去时的基本用法
1、带有确定的过去时间状语如：yesterday, yesterday morning, two days ago, last year, the other day（前几天），once upon a time, just now, in the old days（过去的日子里）等时要用过去时。如：
Did you have a party the other day? 前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？
2、表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去时间的状语，而是通过上下文表示。如：
First I finished my homework. Then I played the piano. Next I watered the plants. After that, I watched a film on TV with my father. 首先我完成了作业，接着我弹了钢琴，然后给植物浇了水，那以后我和父亲在电视上看了一部电影。
3、表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always, never连用。如：
Mrs Green always carried an umbrella. 格林太太过去老是带着一把伞。（说明是过去的动作，不表明她现在是否带着伞）
II、动词过去式的构成规则
（1）规则动词的过去式的构成
①在动词原形后直接加ed。如：listen―listened open―opened finish―finished
②以不发音的e结尾的加d。如：like―liked close―closed use―used
③重读闭音节末尾仅有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如：
drop―dropped plan―planned stop―stopped
④以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加ed。如：
worry―worried study―studied
（2）不规则动词的过去式
不规则动词的过去式要多下功夫，才能牢记不忘。如：
cost―cost put―put come―came ring―rang
make―made send―sent do―did buy―bought
一般过去时的用法简介：
a. 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now, the other day等，或与由when引导的从句。
b.还有不规则动词的过去式需牢记书后的表
七年级英语下册Unit 6 Outdoor fun
一、重点词组
1、hurry up 快点，赶快
9、put up our tent 搭我们的帐蓬
2、go through the door 通过门
10、fly kites 放风筝
3、go riding 去骑马
11、use bamboo to make kites 用竹子做风筝
4、put……into……把……放进……
12、make a bird out of wood 用木头做鸟
5、sit by a river 坐在河边
13、from then on 从那时起
6、on the other side在另一边
14、from now on 从现在起
7、run across跑着穿过
15、make paper 造纸 make money 挣钱
8、jump down a big hole 跳进一个大洞
16. run after 追赶 get away 逃脱；离开
二、重要句型
1、Hurry up, Eddie. 快点，埃迪！
hurry up意为“快点”。如：Hurry up, or you will be late. 快些，不然要迟到了。
（1）hurry to +地点 意为“赶往某地”，如：Betty hurried to the garden. 贝蒂急忙奔向花园。
（2）（be）in a hurry意为“匆忙地；仓促地”.
（3）hurry to do sth. 急忙做某事
2、Hobo, carry it for me. 霍波，帮我拿包吧。
[辩异]bring, carry 和take
bring表示“拿来”（从远到近）take表示“拿走”（从近到远）carry表示“搬、运”
____________ me my food here, please.
You can read the book here but you can’t ______ it home.
Trains _______ more things than trucks.
3、You complain too much. 你抱怨太多了。 complain to sb. about sth.向某人抱怨某事
He complained______the teachers. He complained_______ his child’s bad grades.
too much “太多”修饰不可数名词或修饰动词表程度
too many “太多” 修饰名词复数 much too “太” 修饰形容词或副词
You shouldn’t eat _______ meat. I’m afraid you eat _________.
Jim put _________ books into his schoolbag, so it is ______ heavy now.
4、It took a watch out of its pocket and looked at the time. 它从口袋里拿出一块表看了看时间。
take A out of B意为“从B物品中拿出A”。 make A out of B意为“用B物品制作A物品”
5、Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground.
爱丽丝掉了很长一段时间，接着她撞到了地面。
（1） fall 作动词，意为“倒下；跌下；落下”，其过去式为fell。如：
Jack fell into the water and got wet. 杰克掉进水里，全身都湿透了。
fall down 倒下；落下 fall asleep 入睡
fall off……从……掉下 fall behind 落后；落在……的后面
（2）hit作动词，意为“打；敲；撞；击中”。过去式hit.
hit sb in the face/on the head意为“打某人的脸/头”，如：
Simon hit Jack in the face. 西蒙打了杰克的脸。
6、She found herself alone in a long, low hall. 她发现她自己单独在一个长的低矮的大厅里。
（1）alone用作形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语。如：
Robinson was alone on the island. 罗宾逊一人在岛上。
（2）alone用作副词，意为“单独地；独自”。=by oneself或on one’s own如：
The old woman lived alone in the mountain village. 这位老妇单独一人住在那个山村。
lonely 只作adj.孤独的，寂寞的，强调内心感受。
eg. The old woman doesn’t feel _______although she lives__________.
7、Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.
try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事
try on 试穿 have a try 试一下
try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力去做某事
8、He practised playing volleyball with his friends. 他和他的朋友练习打排球。
practise sth./doing sth. eg. practise basketball = practise playing basketball
We should practise ___________English every day. 我们应该每天训练说英语。
9、We put up a tent near a lake. 我在湖旁搭起了帐蓬。(put过去式put)
（1）put 动词，意为“放；置”。如：Please put your shoes under the bed. 请把鞋放在床下。
（2）put up 意为“举起；建起；住宿”如：
Those who want to see the film put up your hands. 想看电影的人，请举手。
10、Weifang, a city in Shandong Province, has become famous for making kites from then on. 潍坊－山东省的一个城市，从那时起因制造风筝变得出名了。
from then on 意为“从那时起”，与一般过去时连用
from now on 意为“从现在起” 与一般将来时连用
11、Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key.
爱丽丝不得不回到那张桌子，但她太小够不到那把钥匙。
too … to …意为“太……而不能……”。短语中too是副词，后接形容词或副词；to是动词不定式的符号，后接动词原形。如：
The story is too difficult for me to understand. 这个故事太难，我无法理解。
He walked too slowly to catch up with me. 他走路太慢而能不能跟上我。
三、语法复习
一般过去时（II）
I一般过去时的句型见下表：
动词种类
句型
例句
to be
肯定句：主语 + be的过去式（was, were）. . .
I was very tried last night. 我昨天晚上很累。
否定句：主语 + be的过去式（was, were）+ not . . .
I wasn’t busy the other day. 前几天我不忙。
疑问句：be的过去式（was, were）+主语 + . . . ?
―Was your mother free this morning? ―今天上午你妈妈有空吗？
―Yes, she was./No she wasn’t ―是的，她有空。/不，她没有空。
to do
肯定句：主语 + 动词的过去式 + . . .
She studied Russian two years ago. 她两年前学过俄语。
否定句：主语 + did not + 动词原形 + . . .
He didn’t have classes this morning. 他今天上午没课。
疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + . . .?
―Did he go there? ―他去那里了吗？
―Yes, he did./No, he didn’t. ―是的，他去了。/不，他没有去。
II与一般过去时经常搭配的时间状语有：
1、 yesterday 或由其构成的短语。如：yesterday morning, the day before yesterday等。
2、由last开头构成的短语。如：last year, last month等。
3、由ago结尾构成的短语。如：a moment ago, an hour ago等。
4、由“介词+过去时间”构成的短语。如：in 2002, at the time等。
5、this week, this year, today等也可与一般过去时连用，但它们必须指过去，决不包括“现在”在内。
6、其他词。如：then, just now, once等。
此外，也可以根据上下文或语境所暗示的时间来判断出一般过去时。如：I saw him in the street.
七年级英语下册Unit 7 Abilities
一、重点词组
1、believe it or not 信不信由你
13、play with matches 玩火柴
2、look out 留神，当心
14、be careful with 小心
3、plant trees 植树
15、be on fire 着火了
4、clean up the park 把公园打扫干净
16、in the newspaper 在报纸上
5、give a seat to someone on the bus 在公交车上给某人让座
17、work hard on the subject 努力学习这门功课
6、collect things for Project Hope 为希望工程筹集物品
18、pour water over his clothes 把水泼在他的衣服上
7、visit an old people’s home 拜访老年公寓
19、by the way 顺便问一下；顺便说说
8、rush into the kitchen 冲进厨房
20、as fast as light 像光一样快
9、do/try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力
21、do well in … 在……方面做得好
10、raise some money for them 为他们募集资金
22、at the age of … 在……岁时
11、put out the fire 扑灭火
23、take part in 参加
12、be in hospital 生病住院
24、lose(lost) one’s way 迷路
13.before his parents came在他父母来之前
25. get the award 获得奖项
二、重要句型
1、Believe it or not! 信不信由你！
belive/think后可接that引导的宾语从句，当主语为第一人称，后接否定意义的宾语从句时，需要否定前移。eg. 我认为他不会通过考试。正：I don’t think/believe that he can pass the exam. 误：I think/believe that he can’t pass the exam.
2、We can send some books to them. 我们可以给他们送些书。(过去式sent)
send用作及物动词，意为“寄（信等）；发（电报）；（派人）送”。
send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb. (give/show/lend/pass传递)
borrow sth. from sb. buy sb sth.= buy sth. for sb.
拓展： ①send up 发射 ②send for （派人去）请来
3、Some children are not even able to pay for school. 一些孩子甚至不能付上学的钱。
able形容词，意为“有能力的；能干的”。如：Your father is an able man.
be able to 能；会 。相当于can/could，但be able to 有一般将来时。
sb. pay (sb.) for sth. 某人付给（某人）钱买某物 过去式paid
sb. spend +时间/金钱（in）doing sth./ on(doing) sth. 某人花费时间、金钱做某事。
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费了某人多长时间。
sth. cost sb.+ 金钱 某物花了某人多少钱
4、He was brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire.
他足够勇敢将他的邻居从火中救了出来。
save 动词，意为“救；求助”，save . . . from意为“从……中救出……”。save还有“节省，节约；储蓄，保存”的意思。
5、He was in hospital for two weeks. 他在医院住了两个星期。
in hospital意思是“生病住院”，而in the hospital意思为“在医院里”。
6、Keep your hair away from fire. 让头发要远离火。
词组keep . . . away from sth表示“（使）不靠近或远离……”的意思。如：
Keep the children away from the water. It’s dangerous. 不要让儿童靠近水。危险！
7、When he is free, he often helps at the Helping Hands Club and does most of the computer work for the club. 当他有空时，他常常在帮手俱乐部帮忙解决大多数电脑问题。
when/while引导时间状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时，when引导的句子用一般现在时表示一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
When you________(come) here tomorrow, can you bring me some fruit?
If it ________(not rain) tomorrow, we will go boating on the lake.
8、We look forward to hearing from you soon. 我们期待很快收到你的来信。
hear from sb.（宾） 意为“收到某人的来信”
write (a letter) to sb. 给某人写信
9.He is a member of our Project Hope and often takes part in activities like collecting clothes and books for children in need. 他是我们希望工程的一名成员，经常参加一些为有需要的孩子筹集衣物和书本的活动。
be a member of…… 是……的一名成员 in (great) need of sth. （急）需要某物
take part in ……参加（活动） join 参加（组织，群体）
10. protect +宾+from/against…… 保护……不受……
三、语法复习
I、情态动词can, could的用法
（1）can的用法
can表示某人具有某种能力，意思为“能，会”，也表示客观的可能性，是“能够，可能”的意思。后接动词原形，适用于所有人称。
（2）could的用法
could为can的过去式，表示“能，可以”，另外could可用来代替can，表示更为客气委婉的语气，用来提出要求，但回答时不能用could，而要用can.
Could you swim when you were young? No, I couldn’t. (问能力)
Could I smoke here? No, you can’t. (表示委婉的请求)
其他回答：Go ahead./Help yourself./No problem./You’d better not./I’m afraid you can’t.
II、感叹句的用法
感叹句用来表示强烈的感情，能表达愤怒、悲哀、惊奇、厌恶和赞赏等。 句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调。在口语中常用省略句，后面的主语和谓语往往省略，有时只用一个词或词组表达。
（1）以what开头的感叹句，what作定语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），可数名词单数形式前要加不定冠词a(an)。句型：What (a/an)+adj.+n.(+s+v)! 如：
What a clever boy(he is )! 多么聪明的孩子！
（2）以how开头的感叹句，how作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动词。句型：How +adj./adv.(+s+v)!
如：
How blue the sky is ! 天空多么蓝啊！
（3）疑问句形式的感叹句：有些感叹句采用一般疑问句的形式表示，以否定词开头，在口语中读降调。如：
Isn’t it a lovely view ! 多美的景色呀！
七年级英语下册Unit 8 Pets
一、重点词组
1、something to eat 一些吃的东西
10、repeat my words 重复我的话
2、sleep on my knees 睡在我的膝盖上
11、all the time 一直，总是
3、hold sth in one’s hand 某人手里握着某物
12、in the sun 在阳光下
4、teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
13、weigh up to 40 grams 重大约40克
5、with eyes open wide 睁大眼睛
14、grow up 成长；长大成人
6、build me camps out of sticks 用树枝为我搭建营地
15、make any noise 发出任何噪音
7、look after 照顾
16、brush her fur 给她刷毛
8、look around for me 四处找我
17、sleep in a basket 睡在篮子里
9、take care of 照顾
二、重要句型
1、Bring me my lunch. 把午餐给我带来。(过去式brought)
句中的bring的意思是“带来，拿来”。 Bring常后接双宾语，即“bring somebody something”或“bring something to somebody”。
2、I can feed her carrots. 我能喂胡萝卜给她吃. (过去式fed)
句中feed的意思是“喂养，给予食物”。常见的短语有feed something to . . . （把……喂给……），feed on . . .（以……为食） eg. Cats feed on fish. 猫以鱼为食。
3、With eyes open wide, he hunts when I hide. 当我躲起来的时候，他睁大眼睛来找我。
句中的介词短语with eyes open wide表示伴随情况，在句中作状语。它的结构是with + 名词或代词（宾格）+分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式。如：
The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
4、He’d never bark or bite, and he doesn’t like to fight. 它从不叫，也不咬人，也不喜欢打斗。
fight(fought) with sb. 和某人打架 have a fight with sb.
5、I will look after him until the end. 我将照顾他一直到最后。
look after ……well=take good care of…… 照顾好……
句中until的意思是“直到……时候”，相当于till,但until比till更加正式，until多用于句首。
not . . . till/until . . . 直到……才……
She didn’t hear from her son till last Friday. 直到上星期五他才接到儿子的信。
6、Goldfish are quiet and easy to look after. 金鱼很安静且容易照料。
“主语 + be + adj. to do”结构是英语中的一个重要句式，当这一句式里的主语是后面不定式的逻辑宾语时，它有一个同义句式：It + be + adj. + to do sth. 如：
English is easy to learn. = It is easy to learn English. 英语很好学。
The text is easy to understand. = It is easy to understand the text. 这课文很好理解。
7、A goldfish weighs about 40 grams. 一条金鱼重约40克。
weigh动词，意为“重；承重；称……的重量”。 weigh up to 重达……
weight名词，意为“体重；重量”。如：
What’s the weight of the watermelon（西瓜）? 这些西瓜多重？
三. 语法复习：
I、形容词
形容词是用来修饰名词和代词，表示人和或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词。如：tired, boring, busy, beautiful, easy, difficult, exciting等。
1、形容词描述事物，作为修饰词，形容词常常放在名词前。adj.+n. 形容词修饰名词。如：
It was a windy day. 那是一个有风的天。
Can you hear a strange noise? 你能听到一个奇怪的声音吗？
2、形容词描述事物，和系动词一起用，形容词常常放在系动词后，系动词+ adj. 形容词作表语 英语中的常见的连系动词有：be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn 等。口诀：一be, 二保持keep, stay三变become, turn get, 五感官look, smell, feel,sound, taste, 等。如：
She is honest and helpful. 她诚实而又乐于助人。
The garden looks so beautiful. 花园看起来很美。
The plan sounds good. 这个计划听起来很好。
[拓展]
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词、数词、描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）、出处、材料性质、类别、名词。如：
a famous French medical school an expensive German sports car
II、不定代词
1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, no one/nobody都是指代人的不定代词，当我们不确定所谈论的人的名字或者不需要提及他/她的名字时，就可以用这些不定代词指代。
① someone/somebody可以用来表示：“一个未指明的或未知的”人，常用于肯定句。如：
Somebody gave you a ticket for the pop concert. 有人给了你一张流行音乐会的门票。
②anyone/anybody可以表示“任何人”或“不确定的某个人”。当表达第一种意思时，可用于肯定句；第二种意思意思则用于疑问句和否定句。如：
Anyone will tell you where the post office is. 谁都会告诉你邮局在哪儿。（任何一个人）
③no one/nobody意为“没有人；没有任何人”。no one常用于书面语，nobody在口语中常用。如：Nobody knew what to do. 谁也不知道该做什么。
④someone/somebody, anyone/anybody 和 no one/nobody都具有单数含义，因此后面要接单数谓语动词。如：Someone is waiting for you in the playground. 有人在操场上等你。
⑤它们可以有所有格形式，指代某个人所拥有的东西，相应的代词一般也用单数。如：
I don’t want to waste anyone’s time. 我不想浪费任何人的时间。
2、something, anything, nothing
① something, anything, nothing常指代物，代表我们不确定某样东西或我们不需要提及名字的某样东西。
②something用来表示“一个未指明的或未知的物”，常用于肯定句。如：
Something is better than nothing. 有总比没有好。
③anything可以表示“任何东西/事情”或“不一定是哪一件东西/事情”。当表达第一种意思时，可用于肯定句；第二种意思则用于疑问句和否定句。如：
Is there anything in the bag? 袋子里有东西吗？
④nothing表示否定含义。如：I’ve got nothing to say. 我没有什么话可以说。
⑤形容词修饰不定代词时常位于其后，作后置定语。如：
We’re looking for someone special. 我们在寻找一个特殊的人。
⑥一般来说，something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句和疑问句：但在问话人认为对方确实需要某物或该做某事而希望得到肯定答复时，在问句中用something。如：
Can you do something for me? I really need your help.
你能为我做件事吗？我真的需要你的帮助。（某件很确定的事，而且希望对方能答应）
Have you got anything interesting? 你有没有什么有趣的东西？（任何有趣的东西，而且不确定对方会有什么样的答复）
3.不定代词+adj. 作后置定语修饰不定代词
There is nothing wrong with my computer.
4.keep/make+宾语+adj. 作宾语补足语 eg. We should keep the room clean.
