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牛津译林版八年级英语下册各单元知识点归纳(Units-1-8)
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牛津译林版八年级英语下册各单元知识点归纳
8B Unit 1 短语和重点句型
1. repair over/ more than ten bicycles
2. teach us a lot about the history of China
3. the changes in Beijing
4. during/in/over the past century
5. learn more about Beijing’s past and present
6. hear about/of…
hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter
=receive/get a letter from sb.
7. living conditions
8. return sth. to sb.
9. make communication much easier
10. go/travel/study abroad
11. at primary school
12. keep in touch with each other
13. communicate with sb.
14. take place
15. Many changes have taken place in my hometown.
16. travel to and from the town by bus, taxi or train
17. green hills all around
18. a river runs through the centre of town
19. get used to the changes of life
get/be used to sth./ doing sth.
20. many of Mr Chen’s friends
21. on one’s own = by oneself = alone
22. throw rubbish
rubbish everywhere
23. enjoy a comfortable life
24. in some large open spaces
25. move into new flats
26. in their free time
27. travel around the town
28. on both sides of the street = on each side of the street
29. have their own cars= have cars of their own
修理超过10辆自行车
教我们很多有关中国的历史
北京的变化
在过去一个多世纪里
对北京的过去和现在了解更多
听说
收到某人来信
居住条件
把某物归还给某人
使交流更方便，使得联系更容易
去国外
在小学
互相保持联系
和某人保持联系
发生（有目的有计划的）（happen偶然发生)
我的家发生了许多变化。
乘汽车，出租车或火车进出小镇旅游
青山环绕
一条小河穿过镇中心
习惯了生活的变化
习惯某事/ 习惯做某事
陈先生的许多朋友
独自
扔垃圾
到处是垃圾
品味舒适的生活
在一些大的开阔的地方
搬进新公寓
在他们业余时间
在镇里转转
在街道两边
拥有他们自己的汽车
8B Unit 2 短语和重点句型
Comic strip & Welcome to the unit词组：
1. 去某地度假
go to sp for a holiday
在度假
be on holiday
2. 我以前去过那。
I have been there before.
你曾经去过北京吗？
Have you ever been to Beijing?
去过某地（已经回来）
have been to sp
去了某地（还没回来）
have gone to sp
3. 加入某人去做某事
join sb in doing sth
4我正在收拾东西。
I am getting all my things.
5来自某人写的一个故事
come from a story by sb
6这本书有什么特别的？
What’s special about this book?
1. 我是如此想念你。
I miss you so much.
2. 我来香港已经两个月了。
I have been in Hongkong for two months.
3. 玩得特开心
have a fantastic time
4. 花了一整天
spend the whole day
5. 一个室内过山车
an indoor roller coaster
6. 高速运行
move at high speed
以……的速度
at the speed of
加速
speed-speeded/ sped- speeded/ sped
7. 全程都在尖叫大笑
scream and laugh through the ride
8. 匆忙去餐馆吃了份快餐
hurry to a restaurant to have a quick meal
9. 匆忙去某地
hurry to sp (动词)/ go to sp in a hurry(名词)
匆忙做某事
hurry to do sth
10. 见到一些迪士尼卡通人物
meet some Disney cartoon characters
11. 比方说
such as
12. 迪士尼人物的游行
a parade of Disney characters
13. 跟在他们后面跑
run after them
14. 忍不住拍照
can’t stop taking photos
忍不住做某事
can’t stop doing sth
15. 看了一场4D电影
watch a 4-D film
16. 就像是魔术
be like magic (名词)
17. 闻到苹果馅饼的味道
smell the apple pie
18. 给某人买了几个钥匙扣
buy a couple of key rings for sb
19. 这天快要结束的时候
at the end of the day
20. 看烟花
watch the fireworks
21. 在烟花下看上去闪亮又漂亮
look bright and beautiful under the fireworks
22. 在你待在那期间
during your stay there (名词)
23. 待在家
stay at home (动词)
24. 这个是送给你的。
Here’s one for you.
Grammar词组：
1. 去某地开会
go to sp to attend a meeting
2. 在沙滩上玩
play on the sand
3. 顺便说一下
by the way
4. 邀请某人去野餐
invite sb to go for a picnic
5. 电影已经开始20分钟了。
The film has been on for 20 minutes.
6. 游行结束好几小时了。
The parade has been over for hours.
7. Kitty来香港两天了。
Kitty has been in Hongkong for two days.
8. 自从上周二他就离开家了。
He has been away from home since last Tuesday.
9. 这本书我已经借了好几天了。
I have kept this book with me for a few days.
10. Simon自从去年就加入足球俱乐部了。
Simon has been in / a member of the Football Club since last year.
11. 他们结婚15年了。
They have been married for 15 years.
12. 这些鱼死了有一段时间了。
These fish have been dead for some time.
13. 在寒假第一天
on the first day of the winter holiday
Integrated skills词组:
1. 旅行的地方
places for travelling
2. 中国园林
Chinese gardens
3. 自然景观
places of natural beauty
4. 海滨城市
seaside cities
5. 去的地方
places to go
6. 主题公园
theme parks
7. 提一些在中国旅游的建议
give some advice on travelling in China
8. 全年去那儿
go there all year around / in any season
9. 喜欢水上运动
like water sports
10. 他觉得那很有趣。
He thinks it is great fun.
11. 参观像大连这样的海滨城市
visit a seaside city like Dalian
12. 在任何季节
in any season
13. 在寒冷的雪天爬山是危险的。
It is dangerous to climb mountains on cold and snowy days.
14. 去那最好的时节是在春天或秋天。
The best time to go there is in spring and autumn.
15. 可能会下雨。
There may be some rain. / It may be rainy. / It may rain.
16. 有一些关于五一节的计划
have some plans for the May Day holiday
17. 去某地出差
go to sp on business
18. 乘直达航班去某地
take a direct flight to sp
19. 坐飞机去成都要多久？
How long does it take to fly to Chengdu?
20. 跟我爸爸给你核实一下
check it for you with my dad
延续性动词表：
短暂性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时形式
leave
be away ( from sp)
have been away (from)
borrow
keep
have kept
buy
have
have had
die
be dead
have been dead
get married
be married
have been married
join
be in / be a member of
have been in / have been a member of
come back / return
be back
have been back
go out
be out
have been out
receive / get a letter / hear from
have a letter
have had a letter
open
be open
have been open
close
be closed
have been closed
begin/start
be on
have been on
stop / finish/ end
be over
have been over
move to
be in / live in
have been in / have lived in
get up
be up
have been up
wake up
be awake
have been awake
fall asleep
be asleep
have been asleep
catch a cold
have a cold
have had a cold
come / go / arrive/ reach / get to
be in / at / on…
have been in / at /on
begin / start to do sth
do sth
have done sth
get to know
know
have known
put on
wear
have worn
break down
be broken
have been broken
get lost / lose one’s way
be lost
have been lost
get angry / excited
be angry/ excited
have been angry / excited
get worried / interested
be worried / interested
have been worried / interested
become
be
have been
get used to doing sth
be used to doing sth
have been used to doing sth
8B Unit 3 短语和重点句型
【知识点讲解】
1、 look like 看起来像（指长相，即可指人也可指物）
Eg.The man looks like our English teacher.
Eg.The strange thing looks like a plate.
区分：What do/dose sb. look like? 问长相=How do/does sb. look?
What be sb. like? 问品质
What do/does sb. like?问喜好
2、 chat(动词） with sb.和某人聊天 have a chat（名词） with sb.
chat 现在分词：chatting
3、 send 发送 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.把某物寄给/送给某人
4、 receive 收到，接到 receive emails 接收邮件
区分：receive 与accept
receive 客观(被动地)收到 accept 主观接受
eg. I received a bunch of flower, but i didn't accept it.
5、 what...for?......为何目的，为何理由？=Why?
eg. What did you do that for?=Why did you do that?
6. click 点击 click（及物动词）sth. =click(不及物动词) on sth. 点击
7. thousands of 数以千计的 hundred,thousand,million等表示确指时（前面有具体的数字），用单数；表泛指（前面没有数字）用复数，其后加of
eg. three thousand hundreds of
8. see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事
eg. When i passed by the KFC, I saw many children eating hamburgers and chips in it.
see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事（强调动作发生的全过程）
9. huge 形容词：巨大的
区分：huge,big 和 large
huge强调体型而不是重量，big指具体事物，多指体积大，还可以表示“巨大的，伟大的，重要的”等意思，其反义词是little或small,large多指面积之大、人口之多，也可表示数量（the number）.
10. relax 放松，休息 动词三单：relaxes 形容词：relaxed 修饰人 relaxing 修饰物
11. be famous for +表示人或物某方面的特点、特长的词 因......而出名 =be known for
be famous as +职位/名称 作为......而出名
be famous to sb. 对于......很出名，被......所熟知
eg. He is famous to the people all over the world.他被全世界的人所熟知.
12. so much for sth.关于......就讲这么多，......到此为止
So much for the new words.生词就学到这里。
13. pick 挑选，采摘 pick up 捡起
14. be filled with... 被......填满 = be full of
eg. The basket is filled with apples.= The basket is full of apples. 篮子里装满了苹果。
15. more than 不止......,超过..... more than +数词 = over +数词 反义词：less than
eg. More than one girl is there.不止一个女孩在那儿。
16. take part in =join in +比赛/活动
join +党派/组织/sb./trip/walk join sb. in doing sth.加入某人做某事的行
17. dream of 梦想，想象
dream 动词：梦，梦见 dream of /about 梦想，想象
Eg.The boy dreams of becoming a pilot.
18. 主将从现
If/as soon as/until/when引导条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Eg.If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.
注：if表“是否”时，该用什么时态用什么时态。
I don’t know if he will come to my birthday party tomorrow.If he comes, I will call you.
19. Australian adj.澳大利亚（人）的 名词：Australia 澳大利亚
20. opposite 名词：对立的人（或物） 介词：在......的对面
eg. What’s the opposite of white?
The bank is opposite the bus stop.
21. mind 介意 mind（+sb.宾格/sb.’s） doing sth.介意(某人)做某事
Do you mind doing sth.? 介意：You’d better not .
不介意：Not at all. /Of course not. /Certainly not.
22. my pleasure 不客气，很乐意效劳，回答别人的道谢，=You’re welcome.
区别：with pleasure 很乐意效劳 ，回答别人的请求
23. book 动词：预定，订（房间、车票）等
24. called 被称作/叫作 =named，在句中作后置定语修饰前面的名词
Eg. I like the cat named / called Mimi.
25. be made up of...由.....组成
Our class is made up of fifty students.
区别：be made of 由......制成（能看出原材料）
be made from 由......制成（看不出原材料）
be made in 某物是某地制造的
26.prepare for sth.为某事做准备，表示准备的目的
prepare sth.准备某事，表示准备的内容
prepare to do sth.准备做某事
prepare sb. sth.为某人准备某物=prepare sth. for sb.
8B Unit 4 短语和重点句型
Welcome to the unit
1.do with = deal with 处理，对付 what to do with = how to deal with 怎样处理
2.have to use them to reach the box on the fridge 不得不使用它们来够冰箱上的盒子
3.read a book about Germany in World War Ⅱ 读一本关于第二次世界战争德国的书
4.be interested in 对…感兴趣
5.improve my knowledge of the past 提高我对过去的认识（knowledge 知识不可数—v know ）
6.in one’s spare/free time 在某人的空闲时间里
7.novels by the French writer Victor Hugo 被/ 由法国作家维克多·雨果写的小说
8.the story of the ugly man 那个丑陋男人的故事
9.touch / move sb 感动/触动某人
10.keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系
11.国家 国家人 复数
Germany -- German--- Germans
America --- American -- Americans
Australia -- Australian-- Australians
Canada -- Canadian -- Canadians
France -- Frenchman--- Frenchmen
England -- Englishman -- Englishmen (中国人，日本人不变；英、法 a—e)
12.我也是（不是）Me too/ Me either
Reading
1.crash against the rocks 撞到岩石 (against 介词 紧靠，碰，撞；反对，违背)
2.swim as far as one can / could = swim as far as possible 游得尽可能远;奋力前游
3.by the time = when 到……的时候
4.feel the land under my feet 感觉到陆地在我的脚下
5.be tired out 筋疲力尽
6.fall down on the beach 倒在沙滩上
7.go to sleep / fall asleep睡着、入睡
8.as the sun was rising正当太阳升起时
9.be tied to the ground 被栓/绑在地上
10.feel something on my leg 感觉某个东西在我的腿上
11.move up over my stomach and neck 在我的肚子和脖子上移动
12.look down 向下看，俯视 look down on 轻视，看不起
13.the same size as 和……一样大
be the same size as my little finger=be as big as my little finger
14.start climbing all over me 开始爬遍我的全身
15.there were around forty of them大约40个他们
16.shout at 对……大喊大叫
17.fall over 跌倒（后不能接宾语）
18.get up 站起来，（使）起立；起床
19.continue to do sth = continue doing sth 继续做某事
20.move across one’s body爬过某人的身体
21.begin talking to me开始和我交谈 begin to do sth/ doing sth
22.我也不知道说什么 I didn’t know what to say either
23.try to pull one hand free 尽力挣脱一只手
24.manage to do sth 设法完成某事 （manage , v 设法完成，管理---manager , n 经理 ）
25.lift my hand into the air 把我的左手举在空中
26.a huge army of (tiny people) 一大群（极小的人）
27.come straight towards me 径直向我走来
28.run / get away (from) (从)……逃走
29.find oneself unable to move 发现自己不能移动
30.be unable to do sth 不能够做某事31.communicate with sb与某人交流
Grammar and Integrated skills
1.advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事 2.teach oneself = learn sth by oneself 自学
3.recommend so many interesting books (to sb ) 推荐如此多有趣的书
4.in such a short time 在如此短的时间内 5.hand in 上交 hand out 分发
6.and so on ……等等
7.read some reviews about the book before writing 在你写之前读一些有关这本书的评论
8.return the book to the library = give the book back to the library 把书归还给图书馆
9.on time 按时，准时 in time 及时 10.don’t have to do = needn’t do 不必，不需要 mustn’t 不允许，禁止must be (表示肯定的猜测“一定是”)---否定句can’t be “不可能”
Must I hand it in before five ? Yes , you must. No, you needn’t/ don’t have to
11.every time 每次 12.renew the books online 在线续借这些书
13.a British writer 一个英国作家 14.date of birth 出生日期 15.read sth to sb 读……给某人听
16.publishing houses 出版社17.refuse to publish it 拒绝出版它 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事18.so far 到目前为止 = up to now = until now 19.be translated into 被翻译成……
20.a Canadian writer 一个加拿大作家 21.in the very beginning 在一开始
22.search for information on the computer在电脑上搜寻信息
search + 地点 search for +东西
23. at a time 每次，依次（前面加数字 at one time 曾经；同时 at that time 在那时
24.How long can I keep the books ? For two weeks 这些书我能借多久 ？ 两周
Study skills and Task
1.sail the sea to look for hidden treasure 航海去寻找隐藏的宝藏
2.the main character 主要人物, 主人公
3.give sb a lot of confidence 给某人许多信心(不可数名词) confident（形容词，自信的）
4.as shy as I used to be 跟过去一样害羞 5.have exciting experiences有令人激动的经历(可数)
6.five years’ teaching experience 5年的教学经验(不可数) 7.an experienced teacher 一个有经验的教师 （adj)
8.your favourite type of book 你最喜欢的类型的书 9.receive as gifts 接受当礼物
10.ask sb for advice 向某人寻求建议 take/ follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议
11. reading hadits 阅读习惯 the habit of doing sth 做某事的习惯
12.read a lot 经常读书
13.before going to bed在上床睡觉之前 before /after /when doing sth
14.the four great classical Chinese novels 中国四大古典小说
15.opposite my home 在我家对面（介词）
16.give sb advice on …… 给某人提关于……的建议 open up 开创、开辟、开启
17.discuss what to read讨论读什么
8B Unit 5 短语和重点句型
一．短语
Chinese
English
1. 学习有关利礼仪
Learn about manners
2． 与某人分享某物
Share sth with sb
3． 与其他人分享你的东西
Share your things with others
4． 打断别人
Cut in on others
5． 有礼貌的等候
Wait politely
6． 随地扔垃圾
Drop litter everywhere
7． 在图书馆里保持安静
Keep quiet in the library
8． 遵守交通规则
Obey traffic rules
9． 使水龙头一直开着
Leave the tap running
10．在公园里栽花
Pick flowers in the park
11．排队等候你的顺序
Queue for your turn
12．保持图书馆干净
Keep the library clean
13．把…..放回原处
Put……back
14．邀请某人做某事
Invite sb to do sth
15．人们打招呼的正确方法
The proper way to greet people
16．握手
Shake one’s hand
17．第一次与你见面
Meet you for the first time
18．以亲吻的方式与别人打招呼
Greet people with a kiss
19．开始一段对话
Start a conversation
20．避免做某事
Avoid doing sth
21．在公共场所举止文明
Behave politely in public
22．撞到某人
Bump into sb
23．挡道
In one’s way
24．保持低声调
Keep voice down
25．偶然
By accident
26．参加讨论
Join the discussion
27．清楚地表达他自己
Express himself clearly
28．公共标志
Public signs
29．向某人解释某事
Express himself clearly
30．使某人远离危险
Keep sb from danger
31．警告某人（不）要做某事
Warn sb (not) to do sth
32．不久后
Soon after
33．实现
Come true
34．一次
At one time
35．确保
Make sure that
36．………的目的
The purpose of
37 许多建议
A lot of advice
38．与某人保持联系
Keep In touch with sb
39．忙于做某事
Be busy with=Be busy in dong
40．写下，记下
Write down
41．舞蹈课
Dancing lessons
42．主要观点
The main points
43．首先
Above all
44．禁止扔垃圾
No littering
45．拍一张……的照片
Take a photo of
46．禁止拍照
No photos
47．禁止抽烟
No smoking
48 阻止某人做某事
Keep/prevent/stop sb from dong sth
二．句型。
1．现在你足够大了，要学习有关礼仪的内容了。
You’re old enough to learn about manners .
2. 你什么意思？
What do you mean?
3, 活到老学到老。
You are never too old to learn
4. 我们看完书后，应把它们放回原处
We should put books back after reading .
5. 他们认为在别人面前插队是不礼貌的。
They think it’s rude to push in before others.
6. 如果你挡道了，他们不会碰你或推着越过你。
If you’re in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you.
7. 正如那句谚语所说，“入乡随俗”
Just as the saying goes, “when in Rome ,do as the Romans do.”
8. 每个人在人生的某个时候会幸运或成功。
Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life.
9.当你在吃东西时发出很多噪音是不礼貌的
It is impolite to make too much noise while eating
10. 不要到别人的盘子里拿食物
Don’t reach over someone’s plate for something .
11. 不要含着食物讲话。
Don’t talk with food in your mouth.
12. 他们会说打扰了，并足够耐心地等到你移开
They’ll say “excuse me “and be polite enough to wait till you move
13. 英国人不喜欢大叫或大笑。
British people don’t like to shout or laugh loudly.
14. 英国太远了，jenny不能独自去那里。
The UK is too far away for Jenny to go there on her own.
三．语法。
1．You are old enough to learn about manners．你已经到了学习礼仪的年龄了。
[指点迷津] enough to后接动词原形。enough常构成如下句型：
主语＋be＋形容词＋enough＋to do sth.意为“某人／某物够……能……”。
He is tall enough to reach the ball on the shelf.他够高能够到架子上的球。
The classroom is big enough to hold so many students
这间教室够大能容纳如此多的学生。
[注意] 否定式为“主语＋be not＋形容词＋enough＋to do sth.”，意为“某人／某物（不）够……而（不）能……”。
The man isn't strong enough to carry the bag.
这个人不够强壮拿不动这个包。
你儿子已经到了上学的年龄了。
Your son is_______ _______ _______ go to school.
2. The UK is too far away for Jenny to go there on her own.
英国太远了珍妮不能独自去那里。
[指点迷津] too…to…常构成如下句型：
“主语+be＋too＋形容词＋to do sth．”意为“某人／某物太……而不能……”。
The boy is too young to help you.这个男孩太小而不能帮你。
[注意] (1)有时我们需要在to do sth.的前面加上for someone，此时句中的动词必须为及物动词，若为不及物动词须再加上适当的介词。
The text is too long for us to read.
这篇课文太长我们读不了。(read是及物动词)
The room is too small for us two to live in.
这个房间太小我们两个人住不下。（live是不及物动词）
(2)“too＋形容词＋ to do sth.”可以和“not＋该形容词的反义词＋enough＋to do sth.”的结构转换。
The man is too weak to do the job.
＝The man isn't strong enough to do the job.
这个人太瘦弱而不能做这项工作。
(3) “enough to”和 “too…to…”结构均可以和“so…that…”结构转换。
The doctor is kind enough to help us. ＝The doctor is so kind that he will help us.
这个医生很善良，他会帮助我们。
Lucy is not careful enough to get high marks,
＝Lucy is too careless to get high marks.
＝Lucy is not so careful that she can't get high marks.
露西不够细心，得不到高分。
同义句转换
①The girl is too fat to wear a skirt.
The girl is_______ _______ _______ to wear a skirt
The girl is_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ wear a skirt.
②Li Lei is hard-working enough to do all kinds of things.
Li Lei is_______ hard-working_______ he_______ do all kinds of things,
8B Unit 6 短语和重点句型
词组：
Comic&Welcome ( p. 78--79 )
1、need some more food 需要再多一些食物
2、 a disabled / blind / homeless person 一个残疾人/盲人 / 无家可归的人
3、 an elderly person 一个老年人
4、deaf people 聋哑人
5、train to be ... 接受训练成为
6、 the Olympic Games 奥运会
7、at work 在工作
8、people who need help 需要帮助的人
9、 local government 当地政府
10、 provide sth. for sb. = provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物
Reading （ p. 80--81）
1、 Work as a volunteer 作为一名志愿者工作
2、 Give up their spare time 放弃某人的空闲时间
3、 Provide support for the athletes 为运动员们提供支持
4、 Achieve their dreams 实现某人的梦想
5、 Bring people together 把人们聚到一起
6、 Work closely with 与...密切合作
7、 Similar to 与…相似
8、 Receive training 接受训练
9、 Make the event a great success 使这次活动取得巨大的成功
10、 Finish fourth 位居第四
11、 From different backgrounds 来自不同的背景
12、 Volunteer for ...自愿参加
13、 The most amazing experience of one’s life 某人生命中最令人震惊的经历
14、 Children and adults with intellectual disabilities 有智力缺陷的孩子和成人
15、 A chance to do ... 一次做某事的机会
16、be born with intellectual disabilities 天生有智力缺陷
17、win a gold 赢得一枚金牌
18、...not ..., but ... 不是...而是...
19、feel like part of one big family 感觉上像一个大家庭中的一份子
Grammar （ p. 84--86）
1、 Give seats to the elderly 让座给老人
2、 Keep parks clean 保持公园干净
3、 Make sure 确保
4、 Have any trouble talking to ... 和...交谈有障碍
5、 Make friends with 和...交朋友
6、 Plant trees 植树
7、 Take part in ... 参加
8、 Mean a lot 意义重大
Integrated skills （ p. 87--88 ）
1、a training plan 一个培训计划
2、 keep in touch 保持联系
3、talk on the phone 电话交谈
4、 improve their lives 改善他们的生活
5、 a college student 一个大学生
6、 a primary school teacher 一个小学老师
7、in our daily lives 在我们的日常生活中
8、 teach them Chinese 教他们汉语
9、in this way 用这种方法
10、 save our pocket money 节约我们的零花钱
11、 donate money to ... 捐款给...
Study skills （ p. 89 ）
1、 Organize your ideas 组织你的观点
2、 Be made up of ... 由...组成
3、 See different people and sights 看见不同的人和景物
4、 Learn about different cultures 了解关于不同的文化
5、 Help our mind relax 帮助我们的思维放松
6、 Help us keep fit 帮我们保持健康
7、 Be not as ...as before 不如以前...
8、 Not...any more. 不再...
9、 Change often 多变
10、 Need to take action to protect it . 需要采取措施来保护它
Task （ p. 90--91 ）
1、 Be ill in hospital 生病住院
2、 A serious blood disease 一种严重的血液病
3、 As soon as possible 尽快
4、 Lose one’s life 丧生
5、 Give a helping hand 伸出援助之手
6、 Earthquake survivors 地震幸存者
句型：
1．I need some more food to eat at work．我还需要一些在工作时吃的食物。(p. 78 )
More用作形容词，其前面表示数量概念的词（组），视：其后面的名词而定。如后面是不可数名词，可用some，any，a little，plenty，much，no等表示量；如后面是可数名词，可用基数词some, any, a few, ( a good) many, plenty，no等表示。
如：
Have you any more bread?你还有面包吗？
I have a little more.我还有一些。
I want some more books.我还要几本书。
Here are a few more.这儿还有一些。
2. They can provide special places for homeless people to stay．他们能给无家可归的人提供特别的可以待的地方。(p. 79 )
(1)provide作“供给、供应、提供”解时，可跟双宾语。如：
The government will provide them useful work.
政府给他们提供有用的工作。
We provided them food and shelter.
我们给他们提供食物和避难所。
I must provide food and clothes for/to my family.
我必须给我的家庭提供食物和衣服。
(2)下面4句意思相同（第三句不及第二句普通）：
We provided them with food and clothing.
我们给他们提供食物和衣服。
We provided food and clothing for them.
We provided food and clothing to them.
We provided them food and clothing.
3. Now he thinks that is the most amazing experience of his life．现在他认为那是他一生中最令人惊奇的经历。(p. 80 )
(1) experience作“经历”、“经过的事”解是可数名词。如：
He told me his experiences in America．他告诉了我他在美国的经历。
I told the company about my experiences.我告诉了公司我的经历。
(2) experience作“经验”解一般用作不可数名词。如，
Employers usually prefer to hire someone who has some work experience.雇主通常喜欢雇用有工作经验的人。
[搭配]
①sum up experience总结经验
②leam by/from/through experience从经验中学到
③have an experienced eye目光锐利
4. Over 40,000 people gave up their spare time for the 2007 Special Olympics World Games．超过4万人为了2007年的世界特奥会放弃了他们的空余时间。(p. 80 )
Give up意为“放弃”，它和pick up一样，也是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，当名词作宾语时，名词可以放在动词和副词之间或副词的后面；当代词作宾语时，代词只能位于动词和副词之间。如：
You ought to give up smoking. I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟。我去年就戒掉了。
Why don’t you give him up?你怎么不和他一刀两断呢？
[拓展]
由动词give加其它副词构成的常见短语有：
Give in屈服；让步；交上
Give out 分发
Give over停止（交出，移交，不再，停止）
Give back归还（送回；反射）
Give away送掉（泄露，放弃，分配，出卖）
5.You get to help them achieve their dreams,... 你帮助他们实现他们的梦想，……(p. 81 )
(1) achieve作“取得（胜利、成功等）”、“实现（目标、目的等）”解时，习惯跟以下名词搭配：victory，success，modernization,ambition（抱负），fame , aim,goal, etc.如：
Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition.
没有什么可以阻止我的抱负。
(2) achieve可和 a lot, much, a great deal, little, nothing,anything，something连用。如：
He worked hard and achieved a lot.
他努力工作，并且获得了很多。
(3) dream用作名词，意为“梦；梦想；愿望”。
She has a dream to be a singer.她有一个成为歌手的梦想。
His dream of visiting Beijing has come true.他去北京的愿望实现了。
Dream用作动词，意为“做梦；梦想”。如：
What did you dream about?你梦到什么了？
I dream of being the best footballer in the town．我梦到成为全城最好的足球队员。
[搭配]
Dream of sth.梦到什么事
Dream to do sth. 梦想做某事
Like a dream毫不费力地
Dream away虚度，像梦一样度过
Go to one’s dream进入梦乡
语法：
【课堂导学】
It is + adj.+ to do sth .通常用来表示对某事物的看法，意为“做某事是……”这个句型常用表示性质、状况的形容词如easy, difficult, pleasant, important等做表语
Eg;I think that is is very important to keep the classroom clean.
It is + adj+ for sb + to do sth .意为“做某事对某人来说是……”
Eg; it is dangerous for children to swim in the sea.
It is + adj.+ of sb + to do sth .这个句型用来表达某人的品格和能力。
Eg: it is very kind of you to help me.
8B Unit 7 短语和重点句型
1.have some pocket money left 剩下一些零花钱
2.too weak to walk any further 太虚弱了而不能走更远
3.internatinal charities 国际慈善机构
4.build a better world for everyone 为大家建一个更美好的世界
5.especially in the world 尤其在世界上
6.mostly in poor areas 主要在贫困地区
7.provide basic education 提供基础教育
8.work for the rights of girls and women 为女孩和妇女们的权利而工作
9.prevent the spread of some serious diseases 防止一些严重疾病的传播
10.have an interview with an ORBIS doctor 采访一名奥比斯医生
11.set up in Europe 建立在欧洲
12.because of the war 因为战争
13.the Students’ Union 学生会
14.sell sth to raise money=raise money by selling sth 卖东西筹钱
15.hand out leaflets 分发传单
16.do operations on sb 给某人动手术
17.many more people in poor areas 在贫困地区更多的人
18.during Mr Ma’s last visit 在马医生上次采访期间
19.have no money to go to hospital=can’t afford to go to hospital
没有钱去医院看病
20.go/come to watch the show 去/来看演出
21.have to speak loudly 不得不大声说
22.try to prevent them from getting illnesses 尽量阻止他们得病
23.support by working as volunteers 通过作为支援者工作支持
24. get toothache 得牙痛
25.nothing serious 没什么严重的
26.take this medicine after meals 饭后服药
27.You’ll be all right in a few days 几天之后你将会好的
28.on board 在船上/飞机上
29. teach them new skills 教他们新技能
30.help people see again 帮助人们重见光明
31.do an eye operation 动一次眼科手术
32.a Flying Eye Hospital 一家飞行眼科医院
33. something else 其它一些东西
34.say to our readers 对我们的读者说
35.modern medicine 现代医学
36.most eye problems and diseases 大多数眼睛问题和疾病
37.carry on with our work/ carry on working 继续我们的工作
38.the money for medical treatment 用作为医学治疗的钱
39.attend courses after work 下班后学习课程
40.300 days a year 一年300天
41.be used to travelling by plane 习惯于坐飞机旅行
42.have as much money as before 和以前拥有钱一样多
43. be afraid of flying/to fly 害怕飞行
44.be proud to help people to see again 骄傲地帮助人们重见光明
45.use a computer for sending/to send 用电脑发送
46.keep asking myself 一直问我自己
47.no time to be nervous any more 再也没有紧张地时间了
48.a secretary of a company 一家公司的文书
49.live in a comfortable flat 住在一个舒适的套房
50.drive to work 开车上班
51.help poor people with eye problems 帮助有眼病的穷人
52.make up one’s mind to train as a nurse 决定训练作为一名护士
53.can be prevented or cured 能够被预防治愈
54.80 per cent of the cases 80%的病例
55.volunteer doctors 志愿者医生
56.used to work on the farm all day 过去常常整天在农场工作
57.can’t read or write 既不能读书也不能写字
58.learn about the conditions of the locoal people 了解当地人的情况
59.hope to be a teacher 希望当一名老师。
1.More money is needed for charity.
慈善事业需要更多的钱。
2.I’m too weak to walk any furthe.r.
我太虚弱了而不能走更远。
3.The plane is used as a training centre
这架飞机当作为训练中心使用。
4.It provids basic education for children in poor areas.
它为贫困地区的孩子提供基础教育。
5.Many of our patients can ‘t afford to go to hospital,so we have to go to them..
我们大多数病人不能到医院看病，所以我们不得不去他们那儿。
6.By training them,we hope to help more people.
通过训练他们，我们希望帮助更多的人。
7.During my last visit,150 patients were operated on..
在我们上次采访期间，150个病人被动了手术。
8.But more money is needed to carry on with our work.
但是需要更多的钱了，来继续我们的工作。
9.How long have you felt like this ?
你感觉这样已有多长时间？
10.so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work..
所以她决定当一名护士并且下班后学习课程。
11.She is used to travelling by plane.他习惯于坐飞机旅行。
语法：一般现在时被动语态结构：S+am/is/ are+ Vtpp +by sb
Cakes are given to me by him every day.
He is made to work for 12 hours a day by the boss.
一般过去时被动语态结构：S+was/were+Vtpp+by sb
A bike was bought for me by her yesterday.
I was bought a bike by her yesterday.
They were made to stand for 3 hours last night.
8B Unit8 短语和重点句型
1. Will more trees be planted this year? 今年会种更多的树？
2. Trees are good for us. 树对我们有益。
3. I like digging in the garden. 我喜欢在花园里挖土。
4. Reduce air pollution by riding bicycles. 通过骑自行车减少空气污染
5. save water by taking shorter showers 通过少洗澡来节约水
6. save energy by turning off the lights 关灯节约能源
7. protect the environment by recycling waste 通过循环利用废料的方式保护环境
8. What should we do to live a green life? 为了过上环保的生活我们该做什么呢？
9. used to drive me to school 过去开车送我去学校
10. take the underground 乘地铁
11. cause serious air pollution 产生严重的空气污染
12. It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. 人们选择坐公交或骑车是很明智的。
13. take shorter shower to save water 缩短淋浴时间来节约用水
14. remember to turn off the lights 记得关灯
Reading
1. a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes 一个拥有高山和清澈湛蓝湖水的国家
2. try to keep it that way 努力保持它的原貌
3. be separated into different groups 被分成不同的组
4. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled. 甚至旧衣服旧鞋业被循环利用。
5. an organization for recycling clothes 一个循环利用衣服的组织
6. be sold in charity shops 在慈善商店出售
7. be given to the poor 给贫困的人
8. be sent to factories for recycling 送到工厂进行循环利用
9. send … to 把……送给……
10. have many laws to protect the environment 制定许多保护环境的法律
11. be not allowed to cut down trees 不允许砍树
12. will be punished 会被惩罚
13. drop litter in a public place 在公开场合丢垃圾
14. be fined by the police 被警察罚款
15. laws to limit air and water pollution 控制空气和水污染的法律
16. our greatest treasure 我们最大的宝藏
17. depend on… 取决于……
18. use energy from the sun 利用太阳能
19. cost very little 花费很少
20. run out 用光
21. produce little pollution 少产生点污染
22. World Environment Day 世界环境日
23. What have you done for the environment? 你为环境做了什么？
24. do something to make a difference 采取措施发挥作用
Grammar
1. When is the show to be held? 什么时候举办展览？
2. What will be displayed at the show? 展览上将会陈列什么？
3. What will be discussed at the show? 展览上将会讨论什么？
4. one of the biggest problems 最大的问题之一
5. throw rubbish into.. 把垃圾扔进……
6. act to improve the environment 行动起来改善环境
7. we will have a chance to talk about… 我们将有机会谈论……
8. make the world a better place 把世界变成一个更美好的地方
Integrated skills
1. turn off the tap when brushing teeth 刷牙时关上水龙头
2. take showers for less than ten minutes 洗澡少于十分钟
3. recycle empty bottles 循环利用空瓶子
4. do a lot to help protect the environment
5. try our best to do 尽我们的所能去做
6. look nicer with more trees around 周围有很多树看起来更美
7. be harmful to our health 对我们的健康有害
8. keep soil in place 保持水土
Study skills
1. have a wider use 有更广泛的用途
2. be dug up from the ground 从地下挖掘出来
Task
1. change for the worse 变得更糟
2. We should also reuse water if possible 如果可能的话我们也应该重复使用水。
3. in order to save water 为了节约水
4. Recycling is also a good way to help reduce pollution. 循环利用也是一种帮助减少污染的好办法。
5. develop a green lifestyle
6. watch less TV 少看电视
7. make a big difference to the earth 对地球产生大的影响
Grammar
一、构成 学习一般将来时的被动语态，首先应掌握其各种结构形式。
1．肯定式will（shall）＋be＋动词的过去分词
2．否定式will（shall）＋not＋be＋动词的过去分词
3．疑问式Will（Shall）＋主语＋be＋动词的过去分词？
简略回答Yes，主语＋will（shall）．No，主语＋won't（shan't）．
现在，请看实例：
A） 肯定句：Anew stadium will be put up here．
否定句：Anewstadium will not（won't）be put up here．
疑问句及简略回答：Will a new stadium be put up here？Yes，it will．／No，it won't．
特殊疑问句及回答：What will be put up here？A new stadium．
B）A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing．But those who have used illegal drugs will not be invited．（但那些使用违禁药物的将不被邀请。）Will some world-famous singers be invited？Yes，they will．Who else will be invited？Some judges and sports officials，of course．
二、其他结构
表示将来意义的被动结构还有：
1．be going to be done；
2．be to be done；
3．will（shall）＋get ＋done等。
例如： Some old buildings are going to be put down．
The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008．
The workers will get paid before the end of December．
同学们也要注意这些结构的否定式、疑问式等。例如：
These trees are not going to be cut down．Are these trees going to be cut down？Yes，they are．
The machines are not to be repaired tonight．Are they to be repaired tomorrow？Yes，they are．
三、注意事项
使用一般将来时的被动语态时，应注意以下两点：
1．在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。同样，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。例如：He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this．
2．使用一般将来时被动语态时，学生易遗漏被动式中的be。
8B Unit 1 短语和重点句型
1. repair over/ more than ten bicycles
2. teach us a lot about the history of China
3. the changes in Beijing
4. during/in/over the past century
5. learn more about Beijing’s past and present
6. hear about/of…
hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter
=receive/get a letter from sb.
7. living conditions
8. return sth. to sb.
9. make communication much easier
10. go/travel/study abroad
11. at primary school
12. keep in touch with each other
13. communicate with sb.
14. take place
15. Many changes have taken place in my hometown.
16. travel to and from the town by bus, taxi or train
17. green hills all around
18. a river runs through the centre of town
19. get used to the changes of life
get/be used to sth./ doing sth.
20. many of Mr Chen’s friends
21. on one’s own = by oneself = alone
22. throw rubbish
rubbish everywhere
23. enjoy a comfortable life
24. in some large open spaces
25. move into new flats
26. in their free time
27. travel around the town
28. on both sides of the street = on each side of the street
29. have their own cars= have cars of their own
修理超过10辆自行车
教我们很多有关中国的历史
北京的变化
在过去一个多世纪里
对北京的过去和现在了解更多
听说
收到某人来信
居住条件
把某物归还给某人
使交流更方便，使得联系更容易
去国外
在小学
互相保持联系
和某人保持联系
发生（有目的有计划的）（happen偶然发生)
我的家发生了许多变化。
乘汽车，出租车或火车进出小镇旅游
青山环绕
一条小河穿过镇中心
习惯了生活的变化
习惯某事/ 习惯做某事
陈先生的许多朋友
独自
扔垃圾
到处是垃圾
品味舒适的生活
在一些大的开阔的地方
搬进新公寓
在他们业余时间
在镇里转转
在街道两边
拥有他们自己的汽车
8B Unit 2 短语和重点句型
Comic strip & Welcome to the unit词组：
1. 去某地度假
go to sp for a holiday
在度假
be on holiday
2. 我以前去过那。
I have been there before.
你曾经去过北京吗？
Have you ever been to Beijing?
去过某地（已经回来）
have been to sp
去了某地（还没回来）
have gone to sp
3. 加入某人去做某事
join sb in doing sth
4我正在收拾东西。
I am getting all my things.
5来自某人写的一个故事
come from a story by sb
6这本书有什么特别的？
What’s special about this book?
1. 我是如此想念你。
I miss you so much.
2. 我来香港已经两个月了。
I have been in Hongkong for two months.
3. 玩得特开心
have a fantastic time
4. 花了一整天
spend the whole day
5. 一个室内过山车
an indoor roller coaster
6. 高速运行
move at high speed
以……的速度
at the speed of
加速
speed-speeded/ sped- speeded/ sped
7. 全程都在尖叫大笑
scream and laugh through the ride
8. 匆忙去餐馆吃了份快餐
hurry to a restaurant to have a quick meal
9. 匆忙去某地
hurry to sp (动词)/ go to sp in a hurry(名词)
匆忙做某事
hurry to do sth
10. 见到一些迪士尼卡通人物
meet some Disney cartoon characters
11. 比方说
such as
12. 迪士尼人物的游行
a parade of Disney characters
13. 跟在他们后面跑
run after them
14. 忍不住拍照
can’t stop taking photos
忍不住做某事
can’t stop doing sth
15. 看了一场4D电影
watch a 4-D film
16. 就像是魔术
be like magic (名词)
17. 闻到苹果馅饼的味道
smell the apple pie
18. 给某人买了几个钥匙扣
buy a couple of key rings for sb
19. 这天快要结束的时候
at the end of the day
20. 看烟花
watch the fireworks
21. 在烟花下看上去闪亮又漂亮
look bright and beautiful under the fireworks
22. 在你待在那期间
during your stay there (名词)
23. 待在家
stay at home (动词)
24. 这个是送给你的。
Here’s one for you.
Grammar词组：
1. 去某地开会
go to sp to attend a meeting
2. 在沙滩上玩
play on the sand
3. 顺便说一下
by the way
4. 邀请某人去野餐
invite sb to go for a picnic
5. 电影已经开始20分钟了。
The film has been on for 20 minutes.
6. 游行结束好几小时了。
The parade has been over for hours.
7. Kitty来香港两天了。
Kitty has been in Hongkong for two days.
8. 自从上周二他就离开家了。
He has been away from home since last Tuesday.
9. 这本书我已经借了好几天了。
I have kept this book with me for a few days.
10. Simon自从去年就加入足球俱乐部了。
Simon has been in / a member of the Football Club since last year.
11. 他们结婚15年了。
They have been married for 15 years.
12. 这些鱼死了有一段时间了。
These fish have been dead for some time.
13. 在寒假第一天
on the first day of the winter holiday
Integrated skills词组:
1. 旅行的地方
places for travelling
2. 中国园林
Chinese gardens
3. 自然景观
places of natural beauty
4. 海滨城市
seaside cities
5. 去的地方
places to go
6. 主题公园
theme parks
7. 提一些在中国旅游的建议
give some advice on travelling in China
8. 全年去那儿
go there all year around / in any season
9. 喜欢水上运动
like water sports
10. 他觉得那很有趣。
He thinks it is great fun.
11. 参观像大连这样的海滨城市
visit a seaside city like Dalian
12. 在任何季节
in any season
13. 在寒冷的雪天爬山是危险的。
It is dangerous to climb mountains on cold and snowy days.
14. 去那最好的时节是在春天或秋天。
The best time to go there is in spring and autumn.
15. 可能会下雨。
There may be some rain. / It may be rainy. / It may rain.
16. 有一些关于五一节的计划
have some plans for the May Day holiday
17. 去某地出差
go to sp on business
18. 乘直达航班去某地
take a direct flight to sp
19. 坐飞机去成都要多久？
How long does it take to fly to Chengdu?
20. 跟我爸爸给你核实一下
check it for you with my dad
延续性动词表：
短暂性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时形式
leave
be away ( from sp)
have been away (from)
borrow
keep
have kept
buy
have
have had
die
be dead
have been dead
get married
be married
have been married
join
be in / be a member of
have been in / have been a member of
come back / return
be back
have been back
go out
be out
have been out
receive / get a letter / hear from
have a letter
have had a letter
open
be open
have been open
close
be closed
have been closed
begin/start
be on
have been on
stop / finish/ end
be over
have been over
move to
be in / live in
have been in / have lived in
get up
be up
have been up
wake up
be awake
have been awake
fall asleep
be asleep
have been asleep
catch a cold
have a cold
have had a cold
come / go / arrive/ reach / get to
be in / at / on…
have been in / at /on
begin / start to do sth
do sth
have done sth
get to know
know
have known
put on
wear
have worn
break down
be broken
have been broken
get lost / lose one’s way
be lost
have been lost
get angry / excited
be angry/ excited
have been angry / excited
get worried / interested
be worried / interested
have been worried / interested
become
be
have been
get used to doing sth
be used to doing sth
have been used to doing sth
8B Unit 3 短语和重点句型
【知识点讲解】
1、 look like 看起来像（指长相，即可指人也可指物）
Eg.The man looks like our English teacher.
Eg.The strange thing looks like a plate.
区分：What do/dose sb. look like? 问长相=How do/does sb. look?
What be sb. like? 问品质
What do/does sb. like?问喜好
2、 chat(动词） with sb.和某人聊天 have a chat（名词） with sb.
chat 现在分词：chatting
3、 send 发送 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.把某物寄给/送给某人
4、 receive 收到，接到 receive emails 接收邮件
区分：receive 与accept
receive 客观(被动地)收到 accept 主观接受
eg. I received a bunch of flower, but i didn't accept it.
5、 what...for?......为何目的，为何理由？=Why?
eg. What did you do that for?=Why did you do that?
6. click 点击 click（及物动词）sth. =click(不及物动词) on sth. 点击
7. thousands of 数以千计的 hundred,thousand,million等表示确指时（前面有具体的数字），用单数；表泛指（前面没有数字）用复数，其后加of
eg. three thousand hundreds of
8. see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事
eg. When i passed by the KFC, I saw many children eating hamburgers and chips in it.
see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事（强调动作发生的全过程）
9. huge 形容词：巨大的
区分：huge,big 和 large
huge强调体型而不是重量，big指具体事物，多指体积大，还可以表示“巨大的，伟大的，重要的”等意思，其反义词是little或small,large多指面积之大、人口之多，也可表示数量（the number）.
10. relax 放松，休息 动词三单：relaxes 形容词：relaxed 修饰人 relaxing 修饰物
11. be famous for +表示人或物某方面的特点、特长的词 因......而出名 =be known for
be famous as +职位/名称 作为......而出名
be famous to sb. 对于......很出名，被......所熟知
eg. He is famous to the people all over the world.他被全世界的人所熟知.
12. so much for sth.关于......就讲这么多，......到此为止
So much for the new words.生词就学到这里。
13. pick 挑选，采摘 pick up 捡起
14. be filled with... 被......填满 = be full of
eg. The basket is filled with apples.= The basket is full of apples. 篮子里装满了苹果。
15. more than 不止......,超过..... more than +数词 = over +数词 反义词：less than
eg. More than one girl is there.不止一个女孩在那儿。
16. take part in =join in +比赛/活动
join +党派/组织/sb./trip/walk join sb. in doing sth.加入某人做某事的行
17. dream of 梦想，想象
dream 动词：梦，梦见 dream of /about 梦想，想象
Eg.The boy dreams of becoming a pilot.
18. 主将从现
If/as soon as/until/when引导条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Eg.If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.
注：if表“是否”时，该用什么时态用什么时态。
I don’t know if he will come to my birthday party tomorrow.If he comes, I will call you.
19. Australian adj.澳大利亚（人）的 名词：Australia 澳大利亚
20. opposite 名词：对立的人（或物） 介词：在......的对面
eg. What’s the opposite of white?
The bank is opposite the bus stop.
21. mind 介意 mind（+sb.宾格/sb.’s） doing sth.介意(某人)做某事
Do you mind doing sth.? 介意：You’d better not .
不介意：Not at all. /Of course not. /Certainly not.
22. my pleasure 不客气，很乐意效劳，回答别人的道谢，=You’re welcome.
区别：with pleasure 很乐意效劳 ，回答别人的请求
23. book 动词：预定，订（房间、车票）等
24. called 被称作/叫作 =named，在句中作后置定语修饰前面的名词
Eg. I like the cat named / called Mimi.
25. be made up of...由.....组成
Our class is made up of fifty students.
区别：be made of 由......制成（能看出原材料）
be made from 由......制成（看不出原材料）
be made in 某物是某地制造的
26.prepare for sth.为某事做准备，表示准备的目的
prepare sth.准备某事，表示准备的内容
prepare to do sth.准备做某事
prepare sb. sth.为某人准备某物=prepare sth. for sb.
8B Unit 4 短语和重点句型
Welcome to the unit
1.do with = deal with 处理，对付 what to do with = how to deal with 怎样处理
2.have to use them to reach the box on the fridge 不得不使用它们来够冰箱上的盒子
3.read a book about Germany in World War Ⅱ 读一本关于第二次世界战争德国的书
4.be interested in 对…感兴趣
5.improve my knowledge of the past 提高我对过去的认识（knowledge 知识不可数—v know ）
6.in one’s spare/free time 在某人的空闲时间里
7.novels by the French writer Victor Hugo 被/ 由法国作家维克多·雨果写的小说
8.the story of the ugly man 那个丑陋男人的故事
9.touch / move sb 感动/触动某人
10.keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系
11.国家 国家人 复数
Germany -- German--- Germans
America --- American -- Americans
Australia -- Australian-- Australians
Canada -- Canadian -- Canadians
France -- Frenchman--- Frenchmen
England -- Englishman -- Englishmen (中国人，日本人不变；英、法 a—e)
12.我也是（不是）Me too/ Me either
Reading
1.crash against the rocks 撞到岩石 (against 介词 紧靠，碰，撞；反对，违背)
2.swim as far as one can / could = swim as far as possible 游得尽可能远;奋力前游
3.by the time = when 到……的时候
4.feel the land under my feet 感觉到陆地在我的脚下
5.be tired out 筋疲力尽
6.fall down on the beach 倒在沙滩上
7.go to sleep / fall asleep睡着、入睡
8.as the sun was rising正当太阳升起时
9.be tied to the ground 被栓/绑在地上
10.feel something on my leg 感觉某个东西在我的腿上
11.move up over my stomach and neck 在我的肚子和脖子上移动
12.look down 向下看，俯视 look down on 轻视，看不起
13.the same size as 和……一样大
be the same size as my little finger=be as big as my little finger
14.start climbing all over me 开始爬遍我的全身
15.there were around forty of them大约40个他们
16.shout at 对……大喊大叫
17.fall over 跌倒（后不能接宾语）
18.get up 站起来，（使）起立；起床
19.continue to do sth = continue doing sth 继续做某事
20.move across one’s body爬过某人的身体
21.begin talking to me开始和我交谈 begin to do sth/ doing sth
22.我也不知道说什么 I didn’t know what to say either
23.try to pull one hand free 尽力挣脱一只手
24.manage to do sth 设法完成某事 （manage , v 设法完成，管理---manager , n 经理 ）
25.lift my hand into the air 把我的左手举在空中
26.a huge army of (tiny people) 一大群（极小的人）
27.come straight towards me 径直向我走来
28.run / get away (from) (从)……逃走
29.find oneself unable to move 发现自己不能移动
30.be unable to do sth 不能够做某事31.communicate with sb与某人交流
Grammar and Integrated skills
1.advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事 2.teach oneself = learn sth by oneself 自学
3.recommend so many interesting books (to sb ) 推荐如此多有趣的书
4.in such a short time 在如此短的时间内 5.hand in 上交 hand out 分发
6.and so on ……等等
7.read some reviews about the book before writing 在你写之前读一些有关这本书的评论
8.return the book to the library = give the book back to the library 把书归还给图书馆
9.on time 按时，准时 in time 及时 10.don’t have to do = needn’t do 不必，不需要 mustn’t 不允许，禁止must be (表示肯定的猜测“一定是”)---否定句can’t be “不可能”
Must I hand it in before five ? Yes , you must. No, you needn’t/ don’t have to
11.every time 每次 12.renew the books online 在线续借这些书
13.a British writer 一个英国作家 14.date of birth 出生日期 15.read sth to sb 读……给某人听
16.publishing houses 出版社17.refuse to publish it 拒绝出版它 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事18.so far 到目前为止 = up to now = until now 19.be translated into 被翻译成……
20.a Canadian writer 一个加拿大作家 21.in the very beginning 在一开始
22.search for information on the computer在电脑上搜寻信息
search + 地点 search for +东西
23. at a time 每次，依次（前面加数字 at one time 曾经；同时 at that time 在那时
24.How long can I keep the books ? For two weeks 这些书我能借多久 ？ 两周
Study skills and Task
1.sail the sea to look for hidden treasure 航海去寻找隐藏的宝藏
2.the main character 主要人物, 主人公
3.give sb a lot of confidence 给某人许多信心(不可数名词) confident（形容词，自信的）
4.as shy as I used to be 跟过去一样害羞 5.have exciting experiences有令人激动的经历(可数)
6.five years’ teaching experience 5年的教学经验(不可数) 7.an experienced teacher 一个有经验的教师 （adj)
8.your favourite type of book 你最喜欢的类型的书 9.receive as gifts 接受当礼物
10.ask sb for advice 向某人寻求建议 take/ follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议
11. reading hadits 阅读习惯 the habit of doing sth 做某事的习惯
12.read a lot 经常读书
13.before going to bed在上床睡觉之前 before /after /when doing sth
14.the four great classical Chinese novels 中国四大古典小说
15.opposite my home 在我家对面（介词）
16.give sb advice on …… 给某人提关于……的建议 open up 开创、开辟、开启
17.discuss what to read讨论读什么
8B Unit 5 短语和重点句型
一．短语
Chinese
English
1. 学习有关利礼仪
Learn about manners
2． 与某人分享某物
Share sth with sb
3． 与其他人分享你的东西
Share your things with others
4． 打断别人
Cut in on others
5． 有礼貌的等候
Wait politely
6． 随地扔垃圾
Drop litter everywhere
7． 在图书馆里保持安静
Keep quiet in the library
8． 遵守交通规则
Obey traffic rules
9． 使水龙头一直开着
Leave the tap running
10．在公园里栽花
Pick flowers in the park
11．排队等候你的顺序
Queue for your turn
12．保持图书馆干净
Keep the library clean
13．把…..放回原处
Put……back
14．邀请某人做某事
Invite sb to do sth
15．人们打招呼的正确方法
The proper way to greet people
16．握手
Shake one’s hand
17．第一次与你见面
Meet you for the first time
18．以亲吻的方式与别人打招呼
Greet people with a kiss
19．开始一段对话
Start a conversation
20．避免做某事
Avoid doing sth
21．在公共场所举止文明
Behave politely in public
22．撞到某人
Bump into sb
23．挡道
In one’s way
24．保持低声调
Keep voice down
25．偶然
By accident
26．参加讨论
Join the discussion
27．清楚地表达他自己
Express himself clearly
28．公共标志
Public signs
29．向某人解释某事
Express himself clearly
30．使某人远离危险
Keep sb from danger
31．警告某人（不）要做某事
Warn sb (not) to do sth
32．不久后
Soon after
33．实现
Come true
34．一次
At one time
35．确保
Make sure that
36．………的目的
The purpose of
37 许多建议
A lot of advice
38．与某人保持联系
Keep In touch with sb
39．忙于做某事
Be busy with=Be busy in dong
40．写下，记下
Write down
41．舞蹈课
Dancing lessons
42．主要观点
The main points
43．首先
Above all
44．禁止扔垃圾
No littering
45．拍一张……的照片
Take a photo of
46．禁止拍照
No photos
47．禁止抽烟
No smoking
48 阻止某人做某事
Keep/prevent/stop sb from dong sth
二．句型。
1．现在你足够大了，要学习有关礼仪的内容了。
You’re old enough to learn about manners .
2. 你什么意思？
What do you mean?
3, 活到老学到老。
You are never too old to learn
4. 我们看完书后，应把它们放回原处
We should put books back after reading .
5. 他们认为在别人面前插队是不礼貌的。
They think it’s rude to push in before others.
6. 如果你挡道了，他们不会碰你或推着越过你。
If you’re in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you.
7. 正如那句谚语所说，“入乡随俗”
Just as the saying goes, “when in Rome ,do as the Romans do.”
8. 每个人在人生的某个时候会幸运或成功。
Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life.
9.当你在吃东西时发出很多噪音是不礼貌的
It is impolite to make too much noise while eating
10. 不要到别人的盘子里拿食物
Don’t reach over someone’s plate for something .
11. 不要含着食物讲话。
Don’t talk with food in your mouth.
12. 他们会说打扰了，并足够耐心地等到你移开
They’ll say “excuse me “and be polite enough to wait till you move
13. 英国人不喜欢大叫或大笑。
British people don’t like to shout or laugh loudly.
14. 英国太远了，jenny不能独自去那里。
The UK is too far away for Jenny to go there on her own.
三．语法。
1．You are old enough to learn about manners．你已经到了学习礼仪的年龄了。
[指点迷津] enough to后接动词原形。enough常构成如下句型：
主语＋be＋形容词＋enough＋to do sth.意为“某人／某物够……能……”。
He is tall enough to reach the ball on the shelf.他够高能够到架子上的球。
The classroom is big enough to hold so many students
这间教室够大能容纳如此多的学生。
[注意] 否定式为“主语＋be not＋形容词＋enough＋to do sth.”，意为“某人／某物（不）够……而（不）能……”。
The man isn't strong enough to carry the bag.
这个人不够强壮拿不动这个包。
你儿子已经到了上学的年龄了。
Your son is_______ _______ _______ go to school.
2. The UK is too far away for Jenny to go there on her own.
英国太远了珍妮不能独自去那里。
[指点迷津] too…to…常构成如下句型：
“主语+be＋too＋形容词＋to do sth．”意为“某人／某物太……而不能……”。
The boy is too young to help you.这个男孩太小而不能帮你。
[注意] (1)有时我们需要在to do sth.的前面加上for someone，此时句中的动词必须为及物动词，若为不及物动词须再加上适当的介词。
The text is too long for us to read.
这篇课文太长我们读不了。(read是及物动词)
The room is too small for us two to live in.
这个房间太小我们两个人住不下。（live是不及物动词）
(2)“too＋形容词＋ to do sth.”可以和“not＋该形容词的反义词＋enough＋to do sth.”的结构转换。
The man is too weak to do the job.
＝The man isn't strong enough to do the job.
这个人太瘦弱而不能做这项工作。
(3) “enough to”和 “too…to…”结构均可以和“so…that…”结构转换。
The doctor is kind enough to help us. ＝The doctor is so kind that he will help us.
这个医生很善良，他会帮助我们。
Lucy is not careful enough to get high marks,
＝Lucy is too careless to get high marks.
＝Lucy is not so careful that she can't get high marks.
露西不够细心，得不到高分。
同义句转换
①The girl is too fat to wear a skirt.
The girl is_______ _______ _______ to wear a skirt
The girl is_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ wear a skirt.
②Li Lei is hard-working enough to do all kinds of things.
Li Lei is_______ hard-working_______ he_______ do all kinds of things,
8B Unit 6 短语和重点句型
词组：
Comic&Welcome ( p. 78--79 )
1、need some more food 需要再多一些食物
2、 a disabled / blind / homeless person 一个残疾人/盲人 / 无家可归的人
3、 an elderly person 一个老年人
4、deaf people 聋哑人
5、train to be ... 接受训练成为
6、 the Olympic Games 奥运会
7、at work 在工作
8、people who need help 需要帮助的人
9、 local government 当地政府
10、 provide sth. for sb. = provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物
Reading （ p. 80--81）
1、 Work as a volunteer 作为一名志愿者工作
2、 Give up their spare time 放弃某人的空闲时间
3、 Provide support for the athletes 为运动员们提供支持
4、 Achieve their dreams 实现某人的梦想
5、 Bring people together 把人们聚到一起
6、 Work closely with 与...密切合作
7、 Similar to 与…相似
8、 Receive training 接受训练
9、 Make the event a great success 使这次活动取得巨大的成功
10、 Finish fourth 位居第四
11、 From different backgrounds 来自不同的背景
12、 Volunteer for ...自愿参加
13、 The most amazing experience of one’s life 某人生命中最令人震惊的经历
14、 Children and adults with intellectual disabilities 有智力缺陷的孩子和成人
15、 A chance to do ... 一次做某事的机会
16、be born with intellectual disabilities 天生有智力缺陷
17、win a gold 赢得一枚金牌
18、...not ..., but ... 不是...而是...
19、feel like part of one big family 感觉上像一个大家庭中的一份子
Grammar （ p. 84--86）
1、 Give seats to the elderly 让座给老人
2、 Keep parks clean 保持公园干净
3、 Make sure 确保
4、 Have any trouble talking to ... 和...交谈有障碍
5、 Make friends with 和...交朋友
6、 Plant trees 植树
7、 Take part in ... 参加
8、 Mean a lot 意义重大
Integrated skills （ p. 87--88 ）
1、a training plan 一个培训计划
2、 keep in touch 保持联系
3、talk on the phone 电话交谈
4、 improve their lives 改善他们的生活
5、 a college student 一个大学生
6、 a primary school teacher 一个小学老师
7、in our daily lives 在我们的日常生活中
8、 teach them Chinese 教他们汉语
9、in this way 用这种方法
10、 save our pocket money 节约我们的零花钱
11、 donate money to ... 捐款给...
Study skills （ p. 89 ）
1、 Organize your ideas 组织你的观点
2、 Be made up of ... 由...组成
3、 See different people and sights 看见不同的人和景物
4、 Learn about different cultures 了解关于不同的文化
5、 Help our mind relax 帮助我们的思维放松
6、 Help us keep fit 帮我们保持健康
7、 Be not as ...as before 不如以前...
8、 Not...any more. 不再...
9、 Change often 多变
10、 Need to take action to protect it . 需要采取措施来保护它
Task （ p. 90--91 ）
1、 Be ill in hospital 生病住院
2、 A serious blood disease 一种严重的血液病
3、 As soon as possible 尽快
4、 Lose one’s life 丧生
5、 Give a helping hand 伸出援助之手
6、 Earthquake survivors 地震幸存者
句型：
1．I need some more food to eat at work．我还需要一些在工作时吃的食物。(p. 78 )
More用作形容词，其前面表示数量概念的词（组），视：其后面的名词而定。如后面是不可数名词，可用some，any，a little，plenty，much，no等表示量；如后面是可数名词，可用基数词some, any, a few, ( a good) many, plenty，no等表示。
如：
Have you any more bread?你还有面包吗？
I have a little more.我还有一些。
I want some more books.我还要几本书。
Here are a few more.这儿还有一些。
2. They can provide special places for homeless people to stay．他们能给无家可归的人提供特别的可以待的地方。(p. 79 )
(1)provide作“供给、供应、提供”解时，可跟双宾语。如：
The government will provide them useful work.
政府给他们提供有用的工作。
We provided them food and shelter.
我们给他们提供食物和避难所。
I must provide food and clothes for/to my family.
我必须给我的家庭提供食物和衣服。
(2)下面4句意思相同（第三句不及第二句普通）：
We provided them with food and clothing.
我们给他们提供食物和衣服。
We provided food and clothing for them.
We provided food and clothing to them.
We provided them food and clothing.
3. Now he thinks that is the most amazing experience of his life．现在他认为那是他一生中最令人惊奇的经历。(p. 80 )
(1) experience作“经历”、“经过的事”解是可数名词。如：
He told me his experiences in America．他告诉了我他在美国的经历。
I told the company about my experiences.我告诉了公司我的经历。
(2) experience作“经验”解一般用作不可数名词。如，
Employers usually prefer to hire someone who has some work experience.雇主通常喜欢雇用有工作经验的人。
[搭配]
①sum up experience总结经验
②leam by/from/through experience从经验中学到
③have an experienced eye目光锐利
4. Over 40,000 people gave up their spare time for the 2007 Special Olympics World Games．超过4万人为了2007年的世界特奥会放弃了他们的空余时间。(p. 80 )
Give up意为“放弃”，它和pick up一样，也是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，当名词作宾语时，名词可以放在动词和副词之间或副词的后面；当代词作宾语时，代词只能位于动词和副词之间。如：
You ought to give up smoking. I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟。我去年就戒掉了。
Why don’t you give him up?你怎么不和他一刀两断呢？
[拓展]
由动词give加其它副词构成的常见短语有：
Give in屈服；让步；交上
Give out 分发
Give over停止（交出，移交，不再，停止）
Give back归还（送回；反射）
Give away送掉（泄露，放弃，分配，出卖）
5.You get to help them achieve their dreams,... 你帮助他们实现他们的梦想，……(p. 81 )
(1) achieve作“取得（胜利、成功等）”、“实现（目标、目的等）”解时，习惯跟以下名词搭配：victory，success，modernization,ambition（抱负），fame , aim,goal, etc.如：
Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition.
没有什么可以阻止我的抱负。
(2) achieve可和 a lot, much, a great deal, little, nothing,anything，something连用。如：
He worked hard and achieved a lot.
他努力工作，并且获得了很多。
(3) dream用作名词，意为“梦；梦想；愿望”。
She has a dream to be a singer.她有一个成为歌手的梦想。
His dream of visiting Beijing has come true.他去北京的愿望实现了。
Dream用作动词，意为“做梦；梦想”。如：
What did you dream about?你梦到什么了？
I dream of being the best footballer in the town．我梦到成为全城最好的足球队员。
[搭配]
Dream of sth.梦到什么事
Dream to do sth. 梦想做某事
Like a dream毫不费力地
Dream away虚度，像梦一样度过
Go to one’s dream进入梦乡
语法：
【课堂导学】
It is + adj.+ to do sth .通常用来表示对某事物的看法，意为“做某事是……”这个句型常用表示性质、状况的形容词如easy, difficult, pleasant, important等做表语
Eg;I think that is is very important to keep the classroom clean.
It is + adj+ for sb + to do sth .意为“做某事对某人来说是……”
Eg; it is dangerous for children to swim in the sea.
It is + adj.+ of sb + to do sth .这个句型用来表达某人的品格和能力。
Eg: it is very kind of you to help me.
8B Unit 7 短语和重点句型
1.have some pocket money left 剩下一些零花钱
2.too weak to walk any further 太虚弱了而不能走更远
3.internatinal charities 国际慈善机构
4.build a better world for everyone 为大家建一个更美好的世界
5.especially in the world 尤其在世界上
6.mostly in poor areas 主要在贫困地区
7.provide basic education 提供基础教育
8.work for the rights of girls and women 为女孩和妇女们的权利而工作
9.prevent the spread of some serious diseases 防止一些严重疾病的传播
10.have an interview with an ORBIS doctor 采访一名奥比斯医生
11.set up in Europe 建立在欧洲
12.because of the war 因为战争
13.the Students’ Union 学生会
14.sell sth to raise money=raise money by selling sth 卖东西筹钱
15.hand out leaflets 分发传单
16.do operations on sb 给某人动手术
17.many more people in poor areas 在贫困地区更多的人
18.during Mr Ma’s last visit 在马医生上次采访期间
19.have no money to go to hospital=can’t afford to go to hospital
没有钱去医院看病
20.go/come to watch the show 去/来看演出
21.have to speak loudly 不得不大声说
22.try to prevent them from getting illnesses 尽量阻止他们得病
23.support by working as volunteers 通过作为支援者工作支持
24. get toothache 得牙痛
25.nothing serious 没什么严重的
26.take this medicine after meals 饭后服药
27.You’ll be all right in a few days 几天之后你将会好的
28.on board 在船上/飞机上
29. teach them new skills 教他们新技能
30.help people see again 帮助人们重见光明
31.do an eye operation 动一次眼科手术
32.a Flying Eye Hospital 一家飞行眼科医院
33. something else 其它一些东西
34.say to our readers 对我们的读者说
35.modern medicine 现代医学
36.most eye problems and diseases 大多数眼睛问题和疾病
37.carry on with our work/ carry on working 继续我们的工作
38.the money for medical treatment 用作为医学治疗的钱
39.attend courses after work 下班后学习课程
40.300 days a year 一年300天
41.be used to travelling by plane 习惯于坐飞机旅行
42.have as much money as before 和以前拥有钱一样多
43. be afraid of flying/to fly 害怕飞行
44.be proud to help people to see again 骄傲地帮助人们重见光明
45.use a computer for sending/to send 用电脑发送
46.keep asking myself 一直问我自己
47.no time to be nervous any more 再也没有紧张地时间了
48.a secretary of a company 一家公司的文书
49.live in a comfortable flat 住在一个舒适的套房
50.drive to work 开车上班
51.help poor people with eye problems 帮助有眼病的穷人
52.make up one’s mind to train as a nurse 决定训练作为一名护士
53.can be prevented or cured 能够被预防治愈
54.80 per cent of the cases 80%的病例
55.volunteer doctors 志愿者医生
56.used to work on the farm all day 过去常常整天在农场工作
57.can’t read or write 既不能读书也不能写字
58.learn about the conditions of the locoal people 了解当地人的情况
59.hope to be a teacher 希望当一名老师。
1.More money is needed for charity.
慈善事业需要更多的钱。
2.I’m too weak to walk any furthe.r.
我太虚弱了而不能走更远。
3.The plane is used as a training centre
这架飞机当作为训练中心使用。
4.It provids basic education for children in poor areas.
它为贫困地区的孩子提供基础教育。
5.Many of our patients can ‘t afford to go to hospital,so we have to go to them..
我们大多数病人不能到医院看病，所以我们不得不去他们那儿。
6.By training them,we hope to help more people.
通过训练他们，我们希望帮助更多的人。
7.During my last visit,150 patients were operated on..
在我们上次采访期间，150个病人被动了手术。
8.But more money is needed to carry on with our work.
但是需要更多的钱了，来继续我们的工作。
9.How long have you felt like this ?
你感觉这样已有多长时间？
10.so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work..
所以她决定当一名护士并且下班后学习课程。
11.She is used to travelling by plane.他习惯于坐飞机旅行。
语法：一般现在时被动语态结构：S+am/is/ are+ Vtpp +by sb
Cakes are given to me by him every day.
He is made to work for 12 hours a day by the boss.
一般过去时被动语态结构：S+was/were+Vtpp+by sb
A bike was bought for me by her yesterday.
I was bought a bike by her yesterday.
They were made to stand for 3 hours last night.
8B Unit8 短语和重点句型
1. Will more trees be planted this year? 今年会种更多的树？
2. Trees are good for us. 树对我们有益。
3. I like digging in the garden. 我喜欢在花园里挖土。
4. Reduce air pollution by riding bicycles. 通过骑自行车减少空气污染
5. save water by taking shorter showers 通过少洗澡来节约水
6. save energy by turning off the lights 关灯节约能源
7. protect the environment by recycling waste 通过循环利用废料的方式保护环境
8. What should we do to live a green life? 为了过上环保的生活我们该做什么呢？
9. used to drive me to school 过去开车送我去学校
10. take the underground 乘地铁
11. cause serious air pollution 产生严重的空气污染
12. It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. 人们选择坐公交或骑车是很明智的。
13. take shorter shower to save water 缩短淋浴时间来节约用水
14. remember to turn off the lights 记得关灯
Reading
1. a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes 一个拥有高山和清澈湛蓝湖水的国家
2. try to keep it that way 努力保持它的原貌
3. be separated into different groups 被分成不同的组
4. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled. 甚至旧衣服旧鞋业被循环利用。
5. an organization for recycling clothes 一个循环利用衣服的组织
6. be sold in charity shops 在慈善商店出售
7. be given to the poor 给贫困的人
8. be sent to factories for recycling 送到工厂进行循环利用
9. send … to 把……送给……
10. have many laws to protect the environment 制定许多保护环境的法律
11. be not allowed to cut down trees 不允许砍树
12. will be punished 会被惩罚
13. drop litter in a public place 在公开场合丢垃圾
14. be fined by the police 被警察罚款
15. laws to limit air and water pollution 控制空气和水污染的法律
16. our greatest treasure 我们最大的宝藏
17. depend on… 取决于……
18. use energy from the sun 利用太阳能
19. cost very little 花费很少
20. run out 用光
21. produce little pollution 少产生点污染
22. World Environment Day 世界环境日
23. What have you done for the environment? 你为环境做了什么？
24. do something to make a difference 采取措施发挥作用
Grammar
1. When is the show to be held? 什么时候举办展览？
2. What will be displayed at the show? 展览上将会陈列什么？
3. What will be discussed at the show? 展览上将会讨论什么？
4. one of the biggest problems 最大的问题之一
5. throw rubbish into.. 把垃圾扔进……
6. act to improve the environment 行动起来改善环境
7. we will have a chance to talk about… 我们将有机会谈论……
8. make the world a better place 把世界变成一个更美好的地方
Integrated skills
1. turn off the tap when brushing teeth 刷牙时关上水龙头
2. take showers for less than ten minutes 洗澡少于十分钟
3. recycle empty bottles 循环利用空瓶子
4. do a lot to help protect the environment
5. try our best to do 尽我们的所能去做
6. look nicer with more trees around 周围有很多树看起来更美
7. be harmful to our health 对我们的健康有害
8. keep soil in place 保持水土
Study skills
1. have a wider use 有更广泛的用途
2. be dug up from the ground 从地下挖掘出来
Task
1. change for the worse 变得更糟
2. We should also reuse water if possible 如果可能的话我们也应该重复使用水。
3. in order to save water 为了节约水
4. Recycling is also a good way to help reduce pollution. 循环利用也是一种帮助减少污染的好办法。
5. develop a green lifestyle
6. watch less TV 少看电视
7. make a big difference to the earth 对地球产生大的影响
Grammar
一、构成 学习一般将来时的被动语态，首先应掌握其各种结构形式。
1．肯定式will（shall）＋be＋动词的过去分词
2．否定式will（shall）＋not＋be＋动词的过去分词
3．疑问式Will（Shall）＋主语＋be＋动词的过去分词？
简略回答Yes，主语＋will（shall）．No，主语＋won't（shan't）．
现在，请看实例：
A） 肯定句：Anew stadium will be put up here．
否定句：Anewstadium will not（won't）be put up here．
疑问句及简略回答：Will a new stadium be put up here？Yes，it will．／No，it won't．
特殊疑问句及回答：What will be put up here？A new stadium．
B）A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing．But those who have used illegal drugs will not be invited．（但那些使用违禁药物的将不被邀请。）Will some world-famous singers be invited？Yes，they will．Who else will be invited？Some judges and sports officials，of course．
二、其他结构
表示将来意义的被动结构还有：
1．be going to be done；
2．be to be done；
3．will（shall）＋get ＋done等。
例如： Some old buildings are going to be put down．
The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008．
The workers will get paid before the end of December．
同学们也要注意这些结构的否定式、疑问式等。例如：
These trees are not going to be cut down．Are these trees going to be cut down？Yes，they are．
The machines are not to be repaired tonight．Are they to be repaired tomorrow？Yes，they are．
三、注意事项
使用一般将来时的被动语态时，应注意以下两点：
1．在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。同样，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。例如：He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this．
2．使用一般将来时被动语态时，学生易遗漏被动式中的be。
