【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题06 高频语法之状语从句、并列句、特殊句型与语法填空（原卷版+解析版）

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专题06 高频语法之状语从句、并列句、特殊句型与语法填空（解析版）

一、状语从句和并列句
1. 思维导图





2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
1（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __________ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。

2（2022全国乙卷）
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ____________ cultural exchanges.
答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。

3.（2022年新高考2卷）
He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
答案：. and
解析：考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。

二、2021-2019年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure      7      offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
【答案】 and
【解析】考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，两个谓语动词highlights和offers之间缺少连接词进行连接；同时，两个动作间为并列关系，所以应填并列连词。故填and。

2.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
My bike was old and shaky      7      did the job.
【答案】 but
【解析】考查连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又晃，后面能用。所以是转折的关系，故填but。

3.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
It was not widely accepted as a travel concept      4      the late 1980s.
【答案】until
【解析】考查时间介词。根据空前有not可知，此处until与not一起构成固定用法not… until，意为 "直到……才……" 。句意：直到20世纪80年代后期，它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填until。

4.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数）across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier      1      that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.
【答案】and
【解析】文章大意：介绍了一项关于体重指数的研究，描述了不同时期城乡体重指数的差异及其背后的原因。考查连词。句意：科学家人们发现人们越来越胖了，这个现象背后的原因是偏远地区人们体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故答案为and。


5.（2020.7 新高考海南卷 语法填空 ）
Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems,      7      discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响，前后句为并列关系，所以用连词and，故答案为：and。

6.（2020.1 浙江卷 语法填空 ）
It's also that they are on average healthier      10      more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。根据本空前后都为形容词的比较级，故这里应该填并列连词。又因为healthier和more productive不存在转折含义，为递进关系。故答案：为and。

7.（2020.7 全国三卷语法填空）
      5      he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的） artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【答案】When 或 As
【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示"当……时候"，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。

8.（2020.7 上海卷语法填空）
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15, 000 years      1      it was first invented.
【答案】after
【解析】考查连词。句意：已知最早的发明之一是弓箭，在它被发明15000年后，至今仍在全世界使用。根据句意可知，本空应填连词after。故答案为：after。

9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。

10.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。

3. 考试技巧
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;
2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;
3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;
4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;
5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。

4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
1. and和but的用法区别；
2. while表对比的用法。
3. 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、让步、条件、方式和比较状语从句等；
4. 常用的引导状语从句的连词。
考点1　基本用法
1. 并列句的用法及常见连词
用法
连词
表并列、递进或顺承关系
and，both... and...，neither... nor...，not only... but also... ，as well as
表转折关系
but(不可与although/though连用), yet
表选择关系
either... or... ，not... but...，or，or else，rather than
表因果关系
for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，so
and与or用
于并列句
祈使句＋and＋陈述句，and表顺承
祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表转折
while表对比
强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”
2. 状语从句的类型及常见连接词
状语从句类型
常见连接词
时间状语从句
when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, immediately, as soon as, every time
地点状语从句
where, wherever
让步状语从句
though/although, even if/even though, while, “疑问词-ever”， “no matter＋疑问词”
条件状语从句
if, once, unless, in case, as/so long as, on condition that
原因状语从句
because, as, since, now that, seeing that, in that, considering that, for the reason that
结果状语从句
so that, so/such... that
目的状语从句
so that, in order that, for fear (that), in case
比较状语从句
than, as... as, not so... as
方式状语从句
as, as if/as though

考点2 时间状语从句
关联词或短语
意义
例句
when,while,as
当……的时候
He jumped up when the phone rang.
We listened while the teacher read.
The phone rang just as I was leaving.
(as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词)
till,until
直到
Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death.(until要与延续性动词连用;not...until 要与非延续性动词连用)
since
自从
It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。
It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。
(其后所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同)
the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner...than...;hardly...when...;as soon as;directly,
immediately,once
一……
就……
Tell him the news as soon as you see him.
I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her.
I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives.
I went home directly I had finished work.
Once he arrives,we can start.

考点3　　结果状语从句
关联短语或结构
意义
例句
so that
结果
He didn’t plan his time well,so that he didn’t finish his work in time.
so+形容词/副词+that从句
如此……
以至于
……
Xiao Ming is so clever that all his teachers like him.
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句
It is so beautiful a scenery that many people look lost in it.
so+ many/much/little/few+名词+that从句
There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us.
such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.



考点4　让步状语从句
关联词或短语
意义
例句
though,although
虽然
Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.(although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用)
as
虽然
Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.
(在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式,可被though替换)
even if,even though
即使
Even though/if you say so,I do not believe it.
no matter what,whatever,no matter who,whoever,no matter which,whichever,no matter how,however,no matter when,whenever
无论……
Whoever breaks laws will be punished.=No matter who breaks laws,he/she will be punished.
(“疑问词+ever”=“no matter +疑问词”,“疑问词+ever”也可以引导名词性从句)
while
尽管,虽然
While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.
(一般位于句首,用于句中时,译为“然而”,表对照对比关系)
whether...or not
无论(是否)
Whether you believe it or not,it is true.

考点5　条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常用连接词有if, once, unless, in case, as/so long as, on condition that, supposing (that), given (that), providing/provided (that) 等。
1. if
(1)若主句为将来时，if从句多用一般现在时表将来。
If it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing.
(2) if possible/necessary意为“如有可能，如有必要”。
If (it is) necessary, please bring your computer here.
(3) only if和 if only
only if意为“只有”， 置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。if only 意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气。
Only if you work harder can you catch up with others.
If only it could be sunny tomorrow.
2. unless
unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，否则”，可替换成if... not...。
Please don’t speak, unless you are invited.
＝Please don’t speak, if you are not invited.
考点6　比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用than, as... as...， not as/so... as...等引导。
1. than前的形容词和副词用比较级形式。
It’s easier than I thought.
I sing better than he does. ＝ He doesn’t sing as well as I do.
2. as... as...表示“前者与后者一样……”，not as/so... as...表示“前者不如后者……”，形容词和副词均用原级。常用于以下句型：
as＋adj. /adv. ＋as
as＋adj. ＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋as
as＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋as
as＋much/little＋不可数名词＋as
I have as good a sister as you have.
I’m not as considerate as so many people seem to think.
They are having almost as much unemployment as we are.

考点7　状语从句中的省略
1. 在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步或比较状语从句中，当从句和主句主语一致，且从句中又有be动词时，可将从句主语及be动词省略。
He opened the desk drawer, as if (he was) in search of something important.
2. 当从句主语为代词it，从句中又有be动词时，从句主语及be动词可省略。
Come along with your teacher if (it is) possible.
3. 当从句是there be结构时，there be可省略。
You can ask me questions if (there are) any.
4. 在as, than引导的状语从句中，可省略与主句中重复的任何成分及be动词。
She speaks English better than he (speaks English).
You should do it as (you were) told to (do it).

考点8　状语从句中的倒装
1. no sooner... than...和hardly/scarcely... when...引导时间状语从句，no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，需将no sooner和hardly/scarcely所在的句子部分倒装，且常用过去完成时，其后的than和when连接的句子不倒装，常用一般过去时。
Hardly had he begun to speak when his wife stopped him.
2. not until...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，not until从句不倒装。
Not until he came back yesterday evening did we finish the work.
3. if虚拟条件状语从句谓语含were, should, had时可将if省略，把were, should, had移至主语前。
Should he be here (＝ If he should be here) next week, he would help us.
4. so... that...和such... that...引导的结果状语从句中，若将“so ＋adj./adv.”或“such ＋n.”置于句首，主句要部分倒装。
So moved was she that she could not say a word.
5. as/though引导让步状语从句的倒装结构为：名词/形容词/副词/分词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语，动词＋as/though＋主语＋助动词。若是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词a/an。
Child as/though he is, he can take care of himself.
Try as/though he might, he could not find a job.
Much as/though I like it, I won’t buy it.
6. however, whatever引导的让步状语从句。
However/No matter how hard he worked, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Whatever/No matter what reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.

二、特殊句型
1. 思维导图



2. 高考真题再现
一、2022-2019年高考真题
1.（2022.6全国甲卷 改错）
The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it.
【答案】将too改为so。
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：这分歧如此尖锐，以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。固定句型“so…that…”译为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。故将too改为so。

2.（2022.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,
【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考察to do sth在句子中目的状语。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。

3.（2022年新高考2卷）
He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
【答案】 how
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。

4.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）
That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案】把hopes改为hope
【解析】考查省略句。分析题目可知，此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…，故hope应用动词原形形式。故把hopes改为hope。

5.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is possible      3      (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查形式主语句，本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式。非谓语动词to do做真正主语，it做形式主语。故填 to walk 。

6.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）—Are you done with the book I gave you?
A. —           . I'm still reading the last chapter.
B. Hard to say B. Not quite C. Of course D. It all depends
【答案】B
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：—我给你的书你看完了吗？—不完全是。我还在读最后一章。A.Hard to say很难说；B.Not quite不完全是；C.Of course当然；D.It all depends这要看情况了。根据语境可知，本空应填 "Not quite" 。故选：B。

7.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）—How's the project going?
—           . All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.
A. Easy come easy go B. Far from it C. By all means D. So far so good
【答案】D
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：—这个项目进展的如何？—到目前为止，一直都还不错。我们要做的就是完成最后一项工作。A.Easy come easy go 来得容易去得也快；B.Far from it远非如此；C.By all means 绝不；D.So far so good到目前为止，一直都还不错。根据下半句可知，目前进展还不错。故选D。

8.（2020·江苏卷） Building such a bridge over the bay was ______ but the local government made it within two years.
A. a wet blanket B. a piece of cake C. a dark horse D. a hard nut to crack
【答案】D
【解析】考查习惯用语辨析。句意:在海湾上建造这样一座桥是一件困难的事情，但当地政府在两年内完成了。A. a wet blanket一件扫兴的事情；B. a piece of cake小菜一碟；C. a dark horse出人意外的获胜者；D. a hard nut to crack很难解决的问题。根据空前such a bridge over the bay及空后but the local government made it within two years可知，在海湾上建造这样一座桥是一件困难的事情。故选D。

9. （2020·江苏卷）—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing?
—______ He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A. How come? B. So what? C. By all means. D. With pleasure.
【答案】C
【解析】考查日常交际用语。句意:-你知道关于张仲景的事情吗？-当然。 自东汉以来，他被尊为医学大师。A. How come?怎么会？B. So what?那又怎样？C. By all means.当然；D. With pleasure.很愿效劳。根据空后He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.可知，后者对张仲景非常了解。所以他“当然”知道关于张仲景的事情。C选项符合语境。故选C。

10．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）—Tim has difficulty in making decisions.
—__________. He's still hesitating about whether to take the job.
A．That’s it B．Give it a try C．It's settled D．You're kidding me
【答案】A
【解析】考查情景交际。句意：—Tim做决定有困难。—就是。他还在犹豫是否接受那份工作。 A.That's it就是；B. Give it a try试一试:C. It's settled那就决定了;D.You're kidding me你在跟我开玩笑吧。此处是对上句情况的肯定，故选A。

11．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)
—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight?
—______. I’ll drive her there.
A．Have a try B．Don’t mention it C．Don’t bother D．Go ahead
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。句意:--今晚我为莎拉叫一辆出租车去机场好吗？--不用麻烦了。我开车送她去。A. Have a try试一试吧；B. Don’t mention it别客气，不用谢；C. Don’t bother不用麻烦了；D. Go ahead走吧，干吧。根据“I will drive her there”可知，第二个人会送莎拉去机场，因此他让第一个人“不用麻烦叫出租车”。故选C。

12．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)）
—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
—______. I will.
A．My pleasure B．No wonder C．Good point D．Never mind
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。句意:--下次你去拜访Bob的时候，记得提前给他打个电话。--好主意。我会的。A. My pleasure 我很荣幸，别客气；B. No wonder难怪；C. Good point好主意；D. Never mind没有关系。根据”I will”可知，第二个人对第一个人的提议非常赞同。故C选项符合语境。故选C。

13.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do，敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。

14. 【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision.
【答案】They改为There
【解析】考查there be句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。故将They改为There。

二、2018-2017年高考真题
1.【2018·天津卷改编】14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
【答案】 that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。
点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。

2.【2018·北京卷改编】8. In any unsafe situation, simply ________（press） the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
【答案】press
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子。
只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。

3.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。

4.【2017·天津卷改编】11. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
【答案】that
【解析】试题分析：句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选that。
考点：考查强调句型。
【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构是：when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors..这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述句，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问题。

3. 考试技巧
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
建议今后注意一下强调句型。 在未来考试中可能考查到。
其考查点有:(1)强调句型用于强调陈述句;(2)强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;(3)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;(4)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序;(5)强调句型用于强调not. . . until. . . 句型。


4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
1. 倒装的必备条件及具体应用；
2. 省略的基本原则及用法；
3. 强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。
考点1　倒装
1：完全倒装
种类
倒装条件
例句
完全
倒装
here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调
Out rushed the children.
表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首
Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.
强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡
Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.
2：部分倒装
种类
倒装条件
例句
部分
倒装
never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首
Hardly did I know what had happened.
only和修饰的状语放于句首
Only then did he realize the importance of English.
not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒
Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.
neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成分放于句首时,主谓要倒装
So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.
as引导的让步状语
Child as he is,he has learned a lot.
so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事
He can play the piano.So can I.
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中
May you be in good health!
省略if的虚拟条件
Were I you,I would not do it in this way.

考点2 省略
1. 不定式的省略
(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
— Will you join in the game?
— I’d be glad to.
(2)感官动词(see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。
He made me laugh.
Please have him come here.
I was made to laugh by him.
(3)如果不定式是be动词或完成式，则须在to后加上be或have。
— Are you a college student?
— No, but I want to be.
(4)介词but意为“除了”，后接不定式，但如果but前面有行为动词do, does, did时，but后的不定式去掉to。
I didn’t have any choice but to wait.
I could do nothing but wait patiently.
(5)不定式作表语，主语部分中出现了行为动词do, does, did时，作表语的不定式可省略to。
What we must do is (to) protect the environment.
(6)两个及以上不定式并列，后面的to可省略，第一个to不能省略。
My mother’s job is to look after the baby and clean the house.
2. 虚拟语气中if的省略
在虚拟条件从句中，如果把助动词were, had, should提到句首，if要省略。
Were I you, I would go with her.
3. 限制性定语从句中关系词的省略
(1)关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中作动词宾语或作句子末端介词的宾语时可省略。
Is there anything (that) you want?
Who is the man (that) you were talking to?
(2)关系代词that在定语从句中作表语时可省略。
Wuhan today is not the city (that) it was.
(3)关系副词when, where, why通常不能省略，但有特殊情况，即用于day, year, time, place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, the reason等少数词后时可以省略(也可换成that)，常用于口语。
That was the year (when/that) I first went abroad.
This is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.
That’s the reason (why/for which/that) he came.
4. 在对话中，常用so或not来代替上文的一部分或整个从句。这种用法常见的词有hope, think, be afraid, call, say, speak, believe, guess, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear等。
— She must look like a pretty girl.
— Yes, I think so.
— Could I take this book out?
— Sorry, I’m afraid not.

考点3　　强调
强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that
It was John who (that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.
It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.
疑问句形式为 “Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”
Was it in high school that you began playing basketball?
Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?
not...until...结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起
It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.

考点4　反意疑问句
1：陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致
He said that they would come to my birthday party,didn’t he?
当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend,won’t he/she?
They don’t believe he will succeed,do they?
2：陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式
He could hardly speak English,could he?
带有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其反意疑问部分用否定形式
He dislikes playing the piano,doesn’t he?


考点5　感叹句
What a(n)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!
What an interesting story it is!
What a happy day it is!
What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!
What beautiful butterflies they are!
How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!
How tall a boy he is!
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
How well she plays!


三、模拟演练
1.（2022·四川·石室中学模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last March my daughter Annie and I rescued a special two-year-old dog Teddy from a shelter. Teddy had heartworm disease (心丝虫病) and was ___41___ (luck) nursed back to health. It is such a long ___42___ (pain) process for dogs to recover ___43___ well worth it!
Teddy was injected (注射) twice and had to remain in a cage and became inactive. It ___44___ (break) Annie's heart seeing that her loving friend, ___45___ brought such happiness and joy to our family, had to suffer from great pain.
Many dogs are not offered ___46___ (protect) against heartworm and these innocent animals are seriously hurt by the disease.She thought it is incredible ___47___ (figure) this condition can be avoided by giving your pet one pill each month.
In an effort to develop heartworm awareness, Annie created a non-profit organization ___48___(call) Wags 4 Hope. It is here where she combines her love of animals with her enthusiasm ___49___ painting. All the money she gets through her paintings ____50____(give) to several dog shelters to help pay for the dogs' medical needs until they find their forever homes.
答案：
41． luckily    
42．painful    
43．but    
44．broke    
45．who    
46．protection    
47．to figure    
48．called    
49．for    
50．is given
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和女儿为保护宠物狗，建立了一个名为“Wags 4 Hope”的非盈利组织的故事。
41．考查副词。句意：泰迪患有心丝虫病病，幸运的是在护理下恢复了健康。根据句意及句子结构，此处应副词luckily，作状语，表示“幸运地”，故填luckily。
42．考查形容词。句意：对狗来说，康复是一个漫长而痛苦的过程，但这是值得的！根据句意及句子结构，此处用形容词painful，作定语修饰名词process，故填painful。
43．考查连词。句意：对狗来说，康复是一个漫长而痛苦的过程，但这是值得的！根据句意，前后句是转折关系，所以用连词but连接，故填but。
44．考查动词时态。句意：看到她那位给我们家带来如此幸福和欢乐的亲爱的朋友遭受如此巨大的痛苦，安妮的心都碎了。此句描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故填broke。
45．考查定语从句。句意：看到她那位给我们家带来如此幸福和欢乐的亲爱的朋友遭受如此巨大的痛苦，安妮的心都碎了。根据句子结构，此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为friend，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。
46．考查名词。句意：许多狗没有得到保护，这些无辜的动物被这种疾病严重伤害。根据句意及句子结构，此处用名词protection，作offered的宾语，表示抽象概念的“保护”，为不可数名词，故填protection。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：她认为，通过每月给宠物服用一片药片，可以避免这种情况，这是不可信的。此句是it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语，故填to figure。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高人们对心虫病的认识，安妮创建了一个名为“Wags 4 Hope”的非盈利组织。根据句子结构，call和a non-profit organization是动宾关系，所以用过去分词，作后置定语，故填called。
49．考查介词。句意：在这里，她将对动物的热爱与对绘画的热情结合在一起。根据句意，此处是固定短语enthusiasm for表示“对……的热情”，故填for。
50．考查动词语态。句意：她通过绘画获得的所有收入都捐给了几家狗狗收容所，以帮助它们支付医疗费用，直到它们找到它们永远的家。give和All the money之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语All the money为不可数名词，故填is given。

2.（2022·重庆市涪陵高级中学校模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment(认知损伤) three years ago, she found that ____51____(anxious), depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life. It was not until last year, after she became a restaurant server in Shanghai, ____52____ her situation began to improve dramatically.
The cafe has eight elderly employees with cognitive impairments, ____53____ take turns working with other waiters to help customers enjoy their meals. In addition to providing services, the elderly employees participate in welfare activities ____54____(organize) by volunteers, such as baking, dancing and learning English.” These activities reactivate my brain,” Zhu said.
Shanghai is also home to other cafes that provide help and support for disadvantaged groups. Last year, the cafe Hinchijou went viral after word spread that half its employees have disabilities, ____55____(especial) hearing impairment. In 2018, A-Coffee ____56____(establish) in the city, training people with autism (自闭症) to become professional waiters and ____57____(provide) them with opportunities for social interaction.
“The popularity of these special cafes ____58____(show) that many people in the city pay attention to public welfare, which is the symbol of Shanghai’s soft power,” said Lyu Xiaohui, ____59____ member of the standing committee of the Xuhui District Committee and director of ______60______(it) publicity department.
答案：
51． anxiety    
52．that    
53．who    
54．organized    
55．especially    
56．was established    
57．providing    
58．shows    
59．a    
60．its
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海的一些为弱势群体提供帮助和支持的特色咖啡馆。
51．考查名词。句意：当73岁的朱彩萍三年前被诊断出患有轻度认知障碍时，她发现焦虑、抑郁甚至看不起自己在她的生活中变得正常了。分析句子结构可知，本句为宾语从句，从句中用名词作与depression和动名词even looking down on herself并列的主语。故填anxiety。
52．考查强调句。句意：直到去年，在上海的一家餐馆当服务员后，她的情况才开始有了显著的改善。强调句的结构为It is/was…that+从句，本句强调时间状语not until last year, after she became a restaurant server in Shanghai,。故填that。
53．考查定语从句。句意：这家咖啡馆有8名认知障碍的老年员工，他们轮流和其他服务员一起工作，帮助顾客享用他们的饭菜。句中先行词为impairments，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了提供服务外，老年员工还会参加志愿者组织的福利活动，比如烘焙、跳舞和学习英语。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以这里应用非谓语动词。名词welfare activities与organize之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填organized。
55．考查副词。句意：去年，Hinchijou咖啡馆有一半员工有残疾，尤其是听力障碍，这个消息传开后，这家咖啡馆迅速走红。句中用副词，在句中作状语。故填especially。
56．考查时态和语态。句意：2018年，A-Coffee在该市成立，培训自闭症患者成为专业服务员，并为他们提供社交机会。主语A-Coffee与动词establish是被动关系且根据句中时间状语In 2018可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was established。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年，A-Coffee在该市成立，培训自闭症患者成为专业服务员，并为他们提供社交机会。根据连词and前的training是现在分词形式，所以同样用现在分词作状语。故填providing。
58．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：徐汇区委员会常委、宣传部主任吕晓辉表示：“这些特色咖啡馆的流行表明，上海有很多人关注公益事业，这是上海软实力的象征。”根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语The popularity 是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。
59．考查冠词。句意：徐汇区委员会常委、宣传部主任吕晓辉表示:“这些特色咖啡馆的流行表明，上海有很多人关注公益事业，这是上海软实力的象征。”名词member 为可数名词，泛指，且member是以辅音音素开头的词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
60．考查代词。句意：徐汇区委员会常委、宣传部主任吕晓辉表示：“这些特色咖啡馆的流行表明，上海有很多人关注公益事业，这是上海软实力的象征。”名词publicity department前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。

3.（2022·河南信阳·高二阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Your morning coffee could be used to make a pair of sneakers, a Finnish company reveals(透露). Rens makes new things from coffee grounds(渣滓), ____61____(cut) back on waste and methane(甲烷) emissions.
5,000 backers donated over $500,000 to see the sneakers come to life, each pair of ____62____ uses up 21 cups of coffee and 6 recycled plastic bottles.
Jesse Tran, the founder of Rens, wanted to do something to help reduce people’s carbon footprint while offering an everyday shoe that is ____63____(function) and fashion-forward. “As environmental awareness increases, ____64____ does the knowledge of the circular economy. Shoes made from recycled coffee grounds may seem novel to some, but we ____65____(wholehearted) believe that this is just the beginning ____66____ a revolution in clothing technology,” said Tran.
Surprisingly, 250,000 water bottles and 750,000 cups of coffee ____67____(turn) into these shoes so far. The coffee grounds are combined in a low-heat environment with recycled plastic ____68____(create) a coffee yarn(纱线) to spin into the shoes’ upper section, while recycled plastic accounts for other ____69____(component).
While the price of the shoes is pretty steep at $119 on Amazon, ____70____ offers free shipping everywhere, a one-year guarantee on their waterproofing technology, and a 30-day money back guarantee as well.
答案：
61． cutting   
 62．which    
63．functional   
 64．so    
65．wholeheartedly    
66．of    
67．have been turned    
68．to create   
 69．components    
70．it
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了芬兰一家公司通过用咖啡渣制作运动鞋，减少了废物和甲烷排放。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：塞恩斯用咖啡渣制作新东西，减少了废物和甲烷排放。句中makes为谓语，设空处表示伴随，且与Rens之间是主动关系，故应该使用现在分词。故填cutting。
62．考查定语从句。句意：5000名支持者捐赠了超过50万美元来见证这双运动鞋的诞生，每一双都要用掉21杯咖啡和6个回收塑料瓶。分析句子，设空处与前文介词of构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。引导词指代前文的sneakers，故填which。
63．考查形容词。句意：Rens的创始人Jesse Tran想做点什么来帮助人们减少碳足迹，同时提供一款实用又时尚的日常鞋。分析句子，设空处应该填写function的形容词作表语，与fashion-forward并列，故填functional。
64．考查代词。句意：随着环境意识的增强，人们对循环经济的认识也在增强。分析句子，设空处表示对前文的肯定，意为“……也是如此”，so符合句意。故填so。
65．考查副词。句意：用回收咖啡渣制成的鞋子对一些人来说可能很新奇，但我们全心全意地相信，这只是服装技术革命的开始。句中应该使用wholehearted的副词修饰believe动词，作状语。故填wholeheartedly。
66．考查固定搭配。句意：同上。句中the beginning of为固定短语，意为“……的开端”，故填of。
67．考查动词。句意：令人惊讶的是，到目前为止，已经有25万个水瓶和75万杯咖啡被制成了这些鞋。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语。句中so far意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志。同时cups和turn之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been turned。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：咖啡渣在低温环境中与回收塑料结合，形成咖啡纱，纺成鞋子的上部，而回收塑料则用于其他部件。分析句子，句中are为谓语动词，设空处应该是用非谓语动词，此处表示目的作状语。故填to create。
69．考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。component意为“元素，部件”，由other修饰应用复数形式。故填components。
70．考查代词。句意：虽然这双鞋在亚马逊上的价格很贵，高达119美元，但它提供免费送货、一年的防水技术保修，以及30天的退款保证。分析句子，设空中缺少主语，指代前文的Amazon。故填it。

4.（2022·浙江杭州·高一期中）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
From 8 a.m to 10 a.m each morning, dozens of low-income families and cleaners in the Tangqiao neighborhood would line up in front of a food bank _____71_____(collect) free vegetables and fruits.
The food bank, _____72_____ (create) by Shanghai Oasis Ecological Conservation and Communication Center in 2014, is the first of its kind in the country. The food bank collects donated products—____73____ (usual) food items close to their “best before” dates from supermarkets, producers or restaurants. After collecting enough food, the bank donates it _____74_____ the needy. According to the Oasis, the _____75_____ (establish) of such food banks is aimed not only at saving food that otherwise would be wasted, _____76_____ at helping low-income people and protecting the environment.
Oasis has seen its food bank network extended (扩大……的范围) to at least 11 provincial-level _____77_____ (region), including Beijing, Sichuan Province, the Xinjiang Uygur Region and Liaoning Province. Oasis said that 580 tons of food worth more than 31 million _____78_____ (save) by the end of 2019. The food, _____79_____ was produced by 202 food companies, was distributed (分发) to 760,000 individuals.
It was not until recently when the country started a nationwide campaign (活动) to avoid ______80______ (necessary) food wastage that such banks have become better known.
答案：
71． to collect    
72．created    
73．usually    
74．to    
75．establishment    
76．but    
77．regions    
78．had been saved    
79．which    
80．unnecessary
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海绿洲生态保护与交流中心创建食物银行的目的、作用及其发展。
71．考查不定式。句意：每天早上8点到10点，塘桥社区的几十个低收入家庭和清洁工会在一家食品银行前排队领取免费蔬菜和水果。此处表目的，应该用不定式作目的状语，故填to collect。
72．考查过去分词。句意：2014年，由上海绿洲生态保护与交流中心创建的食物银行是国内首家此类银行。此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，The food bank与create之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，故填created。
73．考查副词。句意：食物银行从超市、生产商或餐馆收集捐赠的食品，通常是最接近保质期的食品。此处缺少频度副词作状语，故填usually。
74．考查介词。句意：在收集到足够的食物后，食物银行将其捐赠给穷人。donate sth. to sb.将某物捐赠给某人，故填to。
75．考查名词。句意：根据上海绿洲生态保护与交流中心的说法，建立这样的食物银行不仅是为了节省本来会被浪费的粮食，也是为了帮助低收入人群和保护环境。此处缺少名词作主语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填establishment。
76．考查连词。句意：根据上海绿洲生态保护与交流中心的说法，建立这样的食物银行不仅是为了节省本来会被浪费的粮食，也是为了帮助低收入人群和保护环境。not only…but (also)，不但……而且……，故填but。
77．考查名词的数。句意：上海绿洲生态保护与交流中心的食物银行网络已经扩展到至少11个省级地区，包括北京、四川、新疆维吾尔族自治区和辽宁省。数字11后接可数名词复数，故填regions。
78．考查时态语态。句意：上海绿洲生态保护与交流中心表示，截至2019年底，已节约580吨粮食，价值超过3100万美元。时间状语“by the end of 2019”表明用过去完成时，且580 tons of food与save之间是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been saved。
79．考查定语从句。句意：这些由202家食品企业生产的食物被分发给了76万人。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词food并在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。
80．考查形容词。句意：直到最近，当我国开始在全国范围内开展一项避免不必要的食物浪费的运动时，这些食物银行才变得更加出名。根据“food wastage”可知此处表示“不必要的”，形容词unnecessary作定语，故填unnecessary。

5.（2022·广西·柳州一中模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games opening ceremony kicked off at the National Stadium in Beijing on February 4th. Audiences from around the world reacted to the opening ceremony, ____11____ (share) on social media their excitement and cheering on the unprecedented sights.
Li Min and Song Chen, graphic editors from China Daily Times’ Palette Studio, ____12____ (take) part in the design of a recurring motif (图形) of the opening ceremony—snowflakes.
The ____13____ (athlete) were led into the arena by placard (标语牌) carriers in tiger-head hats. Each placard was designed ____14____ (look) like a glowing snowflake. The illuminated snowflake was a recurring symbol ____15____ (inspire) by a Li Bai poem.
According to Li Min, the six points of each smaller snowflake were shaped like Chinese knots, ____16____ (tradition) decorative artworks, with a symbol of harmony and beauty. After the Parade of Nations, those snowflakes were connected together into a larger flake ____17____ formed the Olympic cauldron. ____18____ larger sculpture featured olive branches in a symbol of peace.
From showcasing the glorious Chinese civilization in 2008 ____19____ snowflakes lighting up the world at the 2022 Winter Games opening ceremony, China has _____20_____ (clear) demonstrated the ideal of a shared future, and the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play.
答案：
11． sharing    
12．took    
13．athletes    
14．to look    
15．inspired    
16．traditional    
17．that ## which    
18．The    
19．to    
20．clearly
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2022北京冬奥会开幕式上“雪花”的设计及其内涵，展现出了中国的文化自信。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：来自世界各地的观众对开幕式做出了反应，在社交媒体上分享了他们对这一前所未有的景象的兴奋和欢呼。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词的形式，作状语，audiences与share之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式表主动。故填sharing。
12．考查动词时态。句意：《中国日报》调色板工作室的平面编辑李敏和宋晨参与了开幕式上反复出现的主题——雪花的设计。根据句意及文章时态，李旻和宋晨参与了“雪花”的设计这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去式。故填took。
13．考查名词单复数。句意：运动员们由戴着虎头帽的布告员领进竞技场。athlete是可数名词，且根据后文were，应用复数形式athletes。故填athletes。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：每张标语牌都设计得像一片发光的雪花。be designed to do sth，意为“被设计用于做”，固定搭配，此处表示每一个标语牌都被设计得像雪花的样式。故填to look。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：被照亮的雪花是一个反复出现的灵感来自于李白的一首诗的标志。分析句子结构可知，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，作后置定语，修饰名词，symbol和inspire之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填inspired。
16．考查形容词。句意：据李敏介绍，每片较小的有六个点的雪花，形状像中国结，这是传统的装饰艺术品，象征着和谐与美丽。结合句意可知，空处修饰名词artworks，应用形容词。故填traditional。
17．考查定语从句。句意：在世界阅兵式之后，这些雪花连接在一起，形成了一个更大的形状是奥运会主火炬的雪花。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词flake，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词引导，先行词为物，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
18．考查冠词。句意：更大的雕塑以象征和平的橄榄枝为特色。结合句意，此处特指上文提到的a larger flake，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填The。
19．考查介词。句意：从2008年展示灿烂的中华文明，到2022年冬奥会开幕式点亮世界的雪花，中国明确展示了人类命运共同体的理想，以及友谊、团结、公平竞争的相互理解的奥林匹克精神。结合句意，此处表示“从……到……”，应用短语from...to...。故填to。
20．考查副词。句意：从2008年展示灿烂的中华文明，到2022年冬奥会开幕式点亮世界的雪花，中国明确展示了人类命运共同体的理想，以及友谊、团结、公平竞争的相互理解的奥林匹克精神。结合句意，空处修饰动词demonstrated，应用副词。故填clearly。

6.（2022·山西阳泉·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sweet Art—Sugar Painting
In and around China’s southwestern Sichuan Province, one can often find folk artists producing sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks.
According to some academic studies, sugar painting originated from the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures ____21____ (make) in moulds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremonies. In the Qing Dynasty, sugar painting gained more ____22____ (popular). The production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more various, most of ____23____ stood for good luck such as the fish, dragon and monkey. Afterward, the folk artists in Sichuan ____24____ (develop) this art by adding techniques of the Chinese shadow puppet and Chinese paper cutting. The moulds were also replaced ____25____ a small bronze spoon. As time passed by, the contemporary form of sugar painting has ____26____ (gradual) evolved.
Although the number of sugar painters has decreased, due to its unique charm, a certain number of artists are making efforts ____27____ (preserve) it by offering classes, holding relevant ____28____ (activity) such as sugar painting contests and applying for the National Non­material Cultural Heritage.
Nowadays, this art is getting support again from the general public ____29____ it has already been listed as Provincial Non­Material Culture Heritage by the Sichuan Provincial Government. Moreover, the sugar painting artists have gained____30____ (increase) recognition.
答案：
21． were made    
22．popularity    
23．which    
24．developed    
25．with##by    
26．gradually   
 27．to preserve   
 28．activities    
29．and    
30．increasing
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国优秀传统文化——糖画。糖画起源于明朝，经过历代手艺人的努力，糖画现已被列为四川省非物质文化遗产。更重要的是，糖画艺术家得到了更多的认可。
21．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画起源于明代，当时糖动物和人物被制成模具，作为宗教仪式祭祀的一部分。分析句子结构可知，when引导定语从句，关系副词when指代先行词the Ming Dynasty，在从句中作时间状语，从句应用一般过去时，且主语sugar animals and figures和动词make之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语animals and figures为复数，所以be动词用were。故填were made。
22．考查名词。句意：在清朝，糖画更受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，该空作gained的宾语，应用名词popularity，不可数名词。故填popularity。
23．考查定语从句。句意：制作工艺不断升级，图案也更加丰富多彩，多代表吉祥，如鱼、龙、猴等。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词patterns，关系词在从句中作most of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
24．考查时态。句意：后来，四川的民间艺人通过添加中国皮影和中国剪纸的技术发展了这门艺术。分析句子结构可知，develop在句中作谓语动词。结合Afterward可知，讲述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系。故填developed。
25．考查介词。句意：模具也被一个小青铜勺子取代。固定搭配be replaced with/by sth.“被某物替代”。故填with/by。
26．考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，糖画的当代形式逐渐演变。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语evolved，应用副词形式作状语。故填gradually。
27．考查动词不定式。句意：虽然由于其独特的魅力，糖画画家的数量有所减少，但也有不少画家通过开设课程、举办糖画大赛、申请国家非物质文化遗产等活动，努力保护糖画。固定搭配make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”。故填to preserve。
28．考查名词复数。句意：虽然由于其独特的魅力，糖画画家的数量有所减少，但也有不少画家通过开设课程、举办糖画大赛、申请国家非物质文化遗产等活动，努力保护糖画。activity活动，是可数名词，根据空后列举的活动可知，活动不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填activities。
29．考查连词。句意：如今，这门艺术又得到了公众的支持，它已经被四川省人民政府列为省级非物质文化遗产。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是并列关系。故填and。
30．考查形容词。句意：此外，糖画艺术家也得到了越来越多的认可。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的名词recognition，需要用到形容词作定语，形容词increasing越来越多的。故填increasing。

7.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary
It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's 1. ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 2. means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few 3. (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 4. the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
One of the 5. (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 6. (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it 7. (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 8. (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 9. (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 10. (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
【答案】
1. an
2. which
3. months
4. for
5. most effective
6. really
7. sounds
8. reading
9. their
10. learned
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。
1. 考查冠词。句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填“一个”，欧宁以元音音素开头， “一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。
2. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。
3. 考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。故填months。
4. 考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填介词for。
5. 考查形容词最高级。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“最有效的方法之一”，因此填most effective。
6. 考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词 read，因此填really。
7. 考查谓语动词。句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填reading。
9. 考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”， words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。


8.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 12th China Arts Festival will bring a series of art11. (activity) to the Chinese economic and art center, Shanghai. From May 20 to June 2, more than 50 shows12. (select) nationwide will be performed in nineteen major theaters in Shanghai, and a fine selection of creative cultural products will13. (show) at the Shanghai Exhibition Center. The festival will include 14. (vary) art forms, such as opera dancing, painting-and photography.
The 2019 edition is co-organized by the ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Shanghai municipal government (市改府). Since15. (it) beginning in 1987, the festival16. (change) host cities in each edition, travelling to areas including Beijing, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Hubei over the past three decades.
Sales of tickets have opened online, with tickets priced from no cost 17. 380 yuan, according to the organizers. To allow a much 18. (large) number of audience to access the programs, the festival will also be broadcast live online. “We will use new media to bring the shows to more ordinary people, 19. will let them know more about the modern development of Chinese arts.” said Zhu Di, head of the ministry's arts department.
This year's festival is also aimed at 20. (promote) tourism in Shanghai with arts. The local government has released a total of 40 culture-themed travel routes to guide visitors through Shanghai's well-known landmarks.
【答案】
11. activities
12. selected
13. be shown
14. various
15. its
16. has changed
17. to
18. larger
19. which
20. promoting
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在上海举办的第12届中国艺术节，包括它的举办时间、有哪些节目以及它的票价和它希望达成的目标等，同时介绍了它是有哪些部门组织的。通过文章，我们也了解到中国艺术节从1987年开始举办，过去的30年每一期都会更换一个主办城市。
11. 考查名词的数。句意：第十二届中国艺术节将在上海中国经济艺术中心举办一系列艺术活动。activity意为活动，是可数名词，由a series of修饰，故此处用其复数形式activities，故填activities。
12. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从5月20日到6月2日，全国范围内的50多场演出将在上海的19家主要剧院上演。show此处意为节目，select意为挑选、选择，节目是被选择，shows后、will前的部分作的是定语成分，用过去分词表示被动，故填selected。
13. 考查动词时态语态。句意：上海展览中心将展出一系列优秀的文化创意产品。show此处意为展示，是动词，product意为产品，文化产品是被展示，故此处用被动语态，结构为be done，will是一般将来时中的助动词，后加动词原形，故填be shown。
14. 考查形容词。句意：艺术节将包括各种艺术形式，如歌剧舞蹈、绘画和摄影。vary意为变化，是动词；art forms意为艺术形式，是名词，用形容词修饰名词，vary的形容词形式是various，意为各种各样的，故填various。
15. 考查物主代词。句意：自1987年举办以来，每一届艺术节的主办城市都发生了变化，在过去的30年里，活动足迹遍及北京、四川、江苏、浙江和湖北等地。beginning意为开始，是名词，用形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰名词，it意为它，作主语或宾语，修饰名词用形容词性物主代词形式its，故填its。
16. 考查动词时态。根据上文Since its beginning in 1987可知应用现在完成时，故填has changed。
17. 考查介词。句意：票价从免费到380元。“从......到......”是from...to...，故答案为to。
18. 考查形容词比较级。句意：为了让更多的观众收看节目，电影节还将在网上直播。根据句意以及上文much可知应填形容词比较级larger。
19. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：我们将利用新媒体把节目带给更多的普通人，让他们更多地了解中国艺术的现代发展。此句是非限制性定语从句，关系代词作定语从句中的主语，代指前面提到的用新媒体把展出的节目带给更多普通人，非限制性定语从句中作主语代指前面提到的事用关系代词which，故填which。
20. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年的艺术节也旨在通过艺术促进上海旅游业的发展。promote意为提高、促进，是动词，aim at doing...意为“目标是做某事”，at是介词，后加动词v-ing形式，故填promoting。

9.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever seen a painting destroy 21. (it)? This strange event happened during a recent auction (拍卖) in London.
Girl With Balloon is one of the most well-known works of British artist Banksy. It 22. (sell) for £1.04 million (about 9.49 million yuan) at the Sotheby auction house on Oct 5. However, shortly 23. the hammer (锤子) went down, the painting began to slide down its frame (画框) and half of the painting was cut into 24. (piece)!
In fact, there 25. (be) a shredder (碎纸机) in the frame. More surprisingly, the artist might have set the shredder in the frame himself years ago, Yahoo News reported.
Banksy is known 26. being mysterious and unpredictable. No one knows his real name, 27. his paintings are everywhere across the UK. He always plays hoaxes (恶作剧) on the art world.
People believe this is just another example of Banksy 28. (play) a trick. They think he is against the commercialization (商品化) of art.
However, the 29. (fun) part is that this hoax might have made the painting more valuable. “(The price is) possibly as high as being worth £2 million (about 18.2 million yuan) plus,” Joey Syer, 30. (found) of art website MyArtBroker.com, told the Guardian.
【答案】
21. itself
22. was sold
23. after
24. pieces
25. was
26. for
27. but
28. playing
29. funny
30. founder
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。通过英国艺术家Banksy的画自毁的例子说明了他以神秘莫测而闻名，正是因为如此他的画有很高的价值。
21. 考查代词。句意：你见过一幅画自我毁灭吗?分析句子结构可知，destroy后缺少宾语，故此处应该填代词，再结合语境可知，此处指“画毁掉自己”，又因destroy的逻辑主语是a painting，故此处应用反身代词，故填itself。
22. 考查被动语态。句意：10月5日，这幅画在苏富比拍卖行以104万英镑(约合949万元人民币)的价格售出。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语动词，根据句中on Oct5可知时态应用一般过去时，又因it和sell之间是被动关系，故此处要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was sold。
23. 考查时间状语从句连词。句意：然而，锤子落下后不久之后，这幅画开始从画框上滑下来，一半的画被切成了碎片!分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词，再根据句意可知，shortly after意为“不久以后”，故填after。
24. 考查名词复数。根据句意可知，cut into pieces是固定搭配，意为“切成碎片”，符合句意，故填pieces。
25. 考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，画框里有一个碎纸机。分析句子结构可知，此句是there be句型，be动词的数取决于be动词后的名词的数，a shredder是单数可数名词，故be动词是单数形式，再结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was。
26. 考查固定搭配。句意：Banksy以神秘莫测而闻名。根据句意可知，be known for是固定搭配，意为“因……而著名”，符合句意，故填for。
27. 考查并列连词。句意：没有人知道他的真名，但他的画在英国各地都有。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词，再根据句意可知，两个分句是转折关系，故填but。
28. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为这只是Banksy耍花招的又一个例子。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词，又因play和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且此处填动词-ing形式，故填playing。
29. 考查形容词。句意：然而，有趣的是，这个骗局可能使这幅画更有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词。再根据句意可知，funny意为“有趣的”，符合题意，故填funny。
30. 考查名词。句意：艺术网站MyArtBroker.com的创始人乔伊·西尔在接受《卫报》采访时表示。分析句子结构可知，空处填名词，与空后的内容作Joey Syer的同位语，再结合句意可知，founder意为“创始人”，符合句意，故填founder。

10.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The walls of failure surrounded me. My teacher’s eyes stared at my every move. My mom’s blank expression showed31. (disappoint). “He is not giving his full potential,” I heard my teacher say. I gazed down, afraid, ashamed, and32. (determine). My determination was not to put my best effort to improve but to give up.
My native language is Spanish.33. hard I tried, English would not take root in my brain. I tried hours on end 34. (improve) my grammar, pronunciation,and vocabulary. After the parent-teacher conference, my mother35. (tell) that I was totally lacking interest. I spent that whole afternoon listening to my mother tell me36. I should try. “You can never achieve what you do not try, she told me. The simple statement stuck deeply37. my nine-year-old mind.
The next day, I found myself learning English words I never knew. A simple change in attitude made me successfully learn those words. My teacher’s welcoming smile, patience, and bright attitude, in addition to my desire to learn, were enough to make38. difference. Within days, I found 39. (I) having complete conversations in English and even40. (use) idioms correctly. My mother’s words helped me to learn that success in life requires desire.
【答案】
31. disappointment
32. determined
33. However
34. to improve
35. was told
36. why
37. in
38. a
39. myself
40. using
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者英语水平很差，不愿再努力，但妈妈告诉作者“不去尝试永远做不到”，这让作者态度开始转变，经过努力，英语终于取得了很大的进步。
31. 考查形容词。句意：我妈妈茫然的表情很失望。此处形容母亲的心情，应该用disappointed形容人。故填disappointed。
32. 考查形容词。句意：我向下凝视，害怕，羞愧，坚定。结合前面afraid, ashamed的形式可知，此处应该用形容词determined修饰我的心情。故填determined。
33. 考查副词。句意：不管我怎么努力，英语都不会在我脑子里扎根。此处用however修饰hard，表示“无论多么努力”放于句首，首字母大写。故填However。
34. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我试过几个小时来提高我的语法，发音和词汇。此处是目的状语，应该用不定式，故填to improve。
35. 考查动词时态。句意：在家长会之后，我妈妈被告知我完全没有兴趣。结合语境可知，my mother与tell之间是被动关系，结合时态，应该用一般过去时态。故填was told。
36. 考查副词。句意：我花了整个下午听妈妈告诉我为什么我应该试试。分析句子可知，此处用why引导宾语从句，表示为什么我应该尝试。故填why。
37. 考查介词。句意：这个简单的说法深深地刺入了我的记忆。stick in刺入，是固定短语。故填in。
38. 考查固定搭配。句意：老师的热情的微笑，耐心，开朗的态度，还有我对学习的渴望，都足够起作用。make a difference起作用，有影响，是固定搭配。故填a。
39. 考查代词。句意：几天后，我发现自己能用英语进行了完整的对话，甚至正确地使用了成语。主语和宾语一致时，宾语应该用相应的反身代词，故填myself。
40. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几天后，我发现自己用英语进行了完整的对话，甚至正确地使用了成语。and连接having和using，前后形式一致。故填using。