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2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共17页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高三（上）期末英语试卷
As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal (海豹) swam by. I put on my diving equipment and grabbed my (1) . I was frightened because
she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn't even (2) . But I knew it was time to (3) this mysterious creature.
I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth. Thinking this must be a sign of (4) , I decided to stay very calm. Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to (5) any fear. She did it a few more times, and then swam away. To my (6) , she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!
Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to (7) me. But I thought that she was really trying to communicate with me. At this point, she didn't seem very (8) She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.
I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I've learned that animals do not always behave the way we (9) . I believe the (10) experience I had with this powerful and intelligent animal will stay with me forever.
1. A. knife B. bag C. camera D. gun
2. A. escape B. move C. swim D. fight
3. A. approach B. adopt C. seize D. rescue
4. A. respect B. sympathy C. reward D. threat
5. A. confirm B. expose C. overcome D. reduce
6. A. satisfaction B. regret C. surprise D. sorrow
7. A. feed B. comfort C. attack D. assess
8. A. reliable B. dangerous C. sensitive D. ambitious
9. A. admire B. promise C. demand D. expect
10. A. confusing B. similar C. incredible D. bitter
11. A When I was 14, my father and I took a bike trip to explore the Sideling Hill Tunnel (隧道).
After we (1) (enter) the dark tunnel, I shone my flashlight around and saw walls covered in graffiti (涂鸦). (2) I was frightened, with my father's constant encouragement, I managed to ride out into that bright afternoon at last. This trip always reminds me of my father, (3) gives me the courage to keep riding through life's dark.
B
Bandung, one of Indonesia's major cities, is only 150 kilometers from Jakarta, the capital, but the drive is at an average of three hours even with a freeway (4) (connect) the two cities. Fortunately, a high-speed railway (5) (fund) by China is due to open in 2023, and the hours-long travel (6) (cut) to 40 minutes. It is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, and for Indonesia, the beginning of a brand new network of transportation across the country.
C
When Kurt Benirschke started collecting skin (7) (sample) from rare and endangered animals in 1972, he didn't have a clear plan on (8) could be done with them. He then set up a collection bank called the Frozen Zoo. Benirschke passed away in 2018, (9) his efforts are very much alive. Today, the Frozen Zoo is the world's (10) (large) animal cryobank, with genetic materials from over 10, 500 animals. In 2020, a baby horse known as "Kurt" was born, cloned using cells from the Frozen Zoo.
C
Tailor your experience, and master the English language in our exciting and comprehensive language programmes. Choose your preferred city, and you'll study with and befriend other international students.
Our English Learning Programmes
●Learn English in Universities
Courses have been developed in partnership with famous universities in Australia to improve your English language skills. You will get to experience campus life abroad.
●Small Group English Programme
These intensive English classes are hosted in different language schools along the east coast. Talk to our programe advisers to choose the best location.
●One-on-One Tutoring
Our programme organizes tailored learning experiences based on your English learning goals. You will live in local families and have chances to practise your oral English.
●High School Study Abroad
There are few things in life which can make you feel more grown-up like living and learning in another country. Pack this with many fun cultural activities. And you will also have opportunities to experience science subjects taught in English, such as lessons about rocks and minerals, plants and animals, and engineering practices.
Four steps to get into our English learning programmes
Step One: Review the programme information and complete our online application form to get the ball rolling.
Step Two: You will have a 15-min interview with your programme adviser to discuss your interests, needs, destination and duration. Within three days after the interview, the adviser will be in touch by email to let you know if your application has been successful. If so, we'll send you a formal offer.
Step Three: To confirm your place in our programme, you'll need to reply to our letter of offer and make payment online according to the instruction. Once this has been done, we'll send you the documents containing all the inform on you'll need regarding your study trip.
Step Four: Once your flights have been booked, let us know your arrival details so that we can organize airport pick-up. We'll be excited to welcome you to our programme in person!
12. If Henry wants to try a biology class taught in English, he may join in ______.
A. Learn English in Universes B. Small Group English Programme
C. One-on-One Tutoring D. High School Study Abroad
13. What should applicants do after receiving a formal offer?
A. Reply to the letter and pay the cost for the study trip.
B. Get in touch with the organizer to confirm the destination.
C. Review programme information to prepare for an interview.
D. Provide the programme adviser with personal needs and goals.
14. Who are the intended readers of this passage?
A. People planning to study English abroad.
B. People willing to apply for English teaching jobs.
C. People aiming to help English learners go abroad.
D. People loving to share English learning experiences.
D
In my eyes, my mother is capable of doing anything, especially chores such as ironing and cooking. However, teaching her how to use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling(解开) Wlres.
Once, my mother came to me to ask for help on how to find a recipe for all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very simple verba(口头的) instructions—go to the home page of a particular search engine and type in "recipe for all-beef Lasagna." Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon(图标). I went over to the computer and pointed out the icon to her.
Another fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap on my shoulder. This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe. Gritting(咬) my teeth, I walked to her room again. I saw that she had typed "all beef La saga" instead. With frustrated strokes, I keyed in the correct spelling.
Yet another fifteen minutes went by again when my mother gingerly tapped my shoulder. I stormed next door without bothering to hide my frustration. The main page of the website had not shifted one bit. I then realised that she did not know how to scroll down the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an intense one.
To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother. However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret my impatience during the whole process.
At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn't I rethink how to respond to her needs?
15. The author's mother couldn't find the recipe online mainly because she was ______.
A. unfamiliar with computers and the Internet
B. given unclear instructions by the author
C. too dependent on her family members
D. impatient at searching for the recipe
16. Why did the author print the recipes for his mother at last?
A. Because he was pleased to help his mother out.
B. Because he didn' t want his mother to be embarrassed.
C. Because he was fed up with his mother's interruption.
D. Because he thought his mother favored the printed version.
17. What message does the author want to convey?
A. It is wise to teach others by examples.
B. Forgiving others is equal to blessing oneself.
C. Patience and perseverance will be finally rewarded.
D. Putting yourself in others' shoes is the key to understanding.
E
The technology for speech-recognition systems has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s. Many voice systems can understand the language when spoken at a normal conversational rate. But even the advanced human-machine interfaces (人机交互) used today are unable to trick the listeners into thinking a computer is a human. Why is this? Simply put, it's because human beings rely on more than words to convey ideas or interpret messages, such as tones, facial expressions, body movements, and objects in the world around them.
One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants (VPAs) on mobile phones. If you tell a mobile phone VPA that you want to schedule a lunch with a friend, it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds. The VPA can also hold a basic "conversation" and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words.
While the potential for "real" communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people. Some experts worry about people's attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations. They worry that people won't be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they haven't been practising those skills. Others fear that machines will take over functions that were traditionally performed by humans, such as customer service. Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy (侵犯隐私). When people use certain speech-recognition applications, they leave behind an audio track of their speech. When you ask a VPA for directions, your speech is sent and saved to a remote server for processing. This digital trail may lead to data mining, or the collection of large quantities of personal data.
For now, however, the continuing evolution of speech-recognition software is worth expecting. Leading companies in the field hope to make human communication with machines as seamless as possible, just like communicating with another human.
18. According to the passage, what can a VPA do?
A. Entertain users with original jokes.
B. Make people regard it as a human.
C. Hold preprogrammed conversations.
D. Display the right tones in conversations.
19. Which situation reflects the concerns mentioned in the passage?
A. One VPA service was priced higher for protecting users' privacy.
B. An airline bore high costs for applying VPAs to its online service.
C. An app failed to offer the right direction when given spoken instructions.
D. Some teenagers became more socially awkward due to the addiction to VPAs.
20. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To inform readers of the double-edged quality of a new technology.
B. To inspire readers to explore the future of a new technology.
C. To promote the application of a new technology.
D. To stress the convenience of a new technology.
21. What might be the best title of the passage?
A. The worries over VPAs. B. Talking to technology.
C. The world of technology. D. Listening to "a real person."
F
A person could be forgiven for believing 20 years ago that the Internet would soon revolutionise academic publishing, because it became possible for publishers to spread scholarly work at the click of a button—much cheaper than the traditonal subscription-based (订阅) model. Recognising the opportunity, many scholars and librarians began to advocate an open access result would be a true online public library of science.
However, more than two decades later, the movement has made only slight progress, and the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched.
Fortunately, things are changing. A big shoe dropped when the University of California (UC) Libraries, one of the biggest library systems, declined to renew its contract with Elsevier, a leading scientific publisher. Elsevier wanted the Libraries to pay two fees: One for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier's open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn't come to terms, the Libraries walked away.
Actually, the open access revolution is more likely to be led by research funding agencies, who can use their purse power to promote open access. A team of funders, Coalition S, insisted that any research they fund should be published in a journal that makes all of its articles freely and immediately available to the public, which is called Plan-S.
Now that some librarians and funders are flexing their muscles, what should academics do?
The worst response would be to complain that Plan-S deprives (剥夺) them of academic freedom. Some thoughtful academics might worry that a shift to open access would affect their promotion. After all, subscription journals are more familiar and more prestigious (有威望的) in the current system. However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible.
When the journal system began in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized(商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots.
22. What does the underlined word probably mean?
A. Uncertain. B. Rooted. C. Limited. D. Popular.
23. What is the core of failed negotiation between UC Libraries and Elsevier?
A. The duration of the contract. B. The way of payment.
C. The charge for open access model. D. The choice of licensed journals.
24. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Academics welcome open access model with full heart.
B. Open access model will soon achieve a dominant position.
C. Publishers are willing to abandon the subscription model gradually.
D. Establishing a true online public library of science requires joint efforts.
25. What is the author's attitude towards the open access model?
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Indifferent.
Why We Listen to Music with Lyrics (歌词) We Don't Understand.
From French electronic to K-pop and Spanish jazz, it's common for us to listen to songs we don't necessarily understand. (1) Sometimes, we even sing along to them without knowing the dictionary meaning of lyrics.
But why? It all starts with what's called "sound symbolism (语音表意)," which refers to the study of the relationships between utterances (发声) and their meaning. In music, there's something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language. (2) This might explain why we are fond of a song even without knowing its lyrics. (3) One example of such techniques is scale (音阶). Songs in major scales are brighter or happier, while minor scales usually sound slightly darker or bluer. Our brain is wired to respond to a certain sound, and our breathing and even our movement go with the sound we hear. (4) Besides, elements of sound and music, like pitch, melody or harmony, also have an affective, emotional, and even physical impact on listeners. Through a complex of these elements, music adds so much meaning and dimension to lyrics. That is to say, the combination of all these creates the meaning far beyond the lyrics' dictionary meaning.
(5) Lyrics are powerful tools for helping us recognise, express and reflect our emotions. All in all, there's value in whatever immediate appeal we find in the music we listen to, whether or not we understand the words. Music, after all, is a universal language.
A.The interrelationship of melody and pitch is important.
B.This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running.
C.Of course, this isn't to ignore the importance of lyrics in music.
D.Things like a musician's image also help convey meaning through songs.
E. So, when listening to a foreign song, we enjoy the lyrics as sounds and not words.
F. It seems that not knowing the language of the lyrics doesn't stop us from liking a song.
G. Some musical techniques and elements can also help convey certain moods and messages.
26. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. How to Stop Overthinking We all have times when we worry, whether it's about work, health, family, relationships or a host of other reasons. But is there a point when you may think and worry too much?
Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. For example, we may start worrying about a specific situation at work, which leads to worrying about money or losing jobs.
But why do we tend to overthink? This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and over generalisation. Although overthinking is hard to break, Natacha Duke, a registered psychotherapist, outlines strategies that can help.
"Healthy distraction can be useful," says Duke. Activities like reading and taking a walk can help keep our stress levels down. They can reduce our baseline level of anxiety and make us less likely to overthink.
Duke adds, "Keeping a daily journal can help us actively manage stress before our feelings expand out of control." As we practise journaling our emotions and thoughts, it becomes easier to identify when we're starting to worry. Stopping worrying early will ultimately help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.
Some people constantly think about questions like "What if I lose my job?" or "What if I get sick?" While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. "For every 'what if' worry, change this to an 'if then' statement where you come up with ideas to deal with the worry or the worst-case situation," says Duke. "Focus on having a concrete plan in place."
So, face the problems, then challenge and reframe them. Finally, we will develop effective ways to cope with overthinking.
(1) What is overthinking?
________________________________________________________________________
(2) What causes overthinking?
________________________________________________________________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.
________________________________________________________________________
(4) Besides the suggestions mentioned in the passage, what other advice will you give to a person who is always overthinking?
________________________________________________________________________
32. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为了丰富生活，你所在的班级开展了“家务小能手”主题展示活动。你的英国好友Jim 得知情况后，来信询问有关信息。请你回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：
(1)活动内容；
(2)收获及感受。
注意：
(1)词数100 左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：家务小能手展示活动 Housework Talent Show
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~10.【答案】C、B、A、D、B、C、A、B、D、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。
1. 句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A.knife刀；B.bag包；C.camera照相机；D.gun枪。根据后文的Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.可知，我是带着相机潜水的。故选C。
2. 句意：我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A.escape逃跑；B.move移动；C.swim游泳；D.fight斗争。根据前文的I was frightened可知，我一动不动地待在那里。故选B。
3. 句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。A.approach接近；B.adopt采取；C.seize抓住；D.rescue营救。根据后文的I jumped into the freezing water.可知，此处是接近这个海豹。故选A。
4. 句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A.respect尊重；B.sympathy同情；C.reward回报；D.threat威胁；恐吓。根据前文的Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.可知，海豹采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D。
5. 句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A.confirm确认；B.expose暴露；C.overcome克服；D.reduce减少。根据前文的I decided to stay very calm.可知，我不露出害怕的神情。故选B。
6. 句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A.satisfaction满足；B.regret后悔；C.surprise惊讶；D.sorrow悲伤。根据后文的she came back with a live penguin.可知，我很惊讶。故选C。
7. 句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试把企鹅喂给我吃。A.feed喂养；B.comfort安慰；C.attack攻击；D.assess评估。根据前文的Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!可知，海豹是在喂养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A。
8. 句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A.reliable可靠的；B.dangerous危险的；C.sensitive多愁善感的；D.ambitious野心勃勃的。根据后文She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B。
9. 句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A.admire钦佩；B.promise承诺；C.demand要求；D.expect预期，期待。根据前文Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.及Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!可知，海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D。
10. 句意：与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起是不可思议的，我相信这种体验将伴随我终生。A.confusing令人困惑的；B.similar相似的；C.incredible难以置信的，惊人的；D.bitter痛苦的。根据前文She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.及I got many amazing pictures during those four days. 可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C。
11.【答案】1.entered
2.Although/Though/While
3.who
4.connecting
5.funded
6.will be cut
7.samples
8.what
9.but
10.largest
【解析】1. 句意：我们进入黑暗的隧道后，我用手电筒照了照四周，看到墙上满是涂鸦。分析句子结构可知，逗号前在句中为时间状语从句，空处作从句的谓语，结合主句中shone和saw可知，空处的时态为一般过去时，所以填entered，故填entered。
2. 句意：尽管我很害怕，但是在父亲的不断鼓励下，最后我终于在那个晴朗的下午骑车出了隧道。分析句子结构可知，逗号前的内容在句中为让步状语从句，所以此处填although/though/while，因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
3. 句意：这次旅行总是让我想起我的父亲，他给我勇气继续穿越生活的黑暗隧道。分析句子结构可知，空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为my father，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who，故填who。
4. 句意：万隆是印尼的主要城市之一，距离首都雅加达只有150公里，但即使有高速公路连接两个城市，车程也平均需要3个小时。设空处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，宾语a freeway和设空处之间为逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，故填connecting。
5. 句意：幸运的是，一条由中国投资的高铁将于2023年开通，长达数小时的行程将缩短至40分钟。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语a high-speed railway之间是逻辑的被动关系。应用动词的-ed形式作后置定语。故填funded。
6. 句意同上。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 2023，可知句子的时态为一般将来时，设空处为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be cut。
7. 句意：当库尔特•贝尼尔施克（Kurt Benirschke）在1972年开始收集稀有和濒危动物的皮肤样本时，他并没有一个关于如何处理这些皮肤样本的明确计划。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作宾语，所以用名词。结合空后“rare and endangered animals”可知，此处指那些稀有和濒危动物的皮肤样本，所以为复数含义，故填samples。
8. 句意同上。分析可知，空处及之后的内容作介词on的宾语从句，空处作从句的主语，表示做什么，所以用连接代词what。故填what。
9. 句意：贝尼尔施克于2018年去世，但他的成就仍然继续存在。分析句子可知，空处前后内容的关系为转折关系，所以填连词but，故填but。
10. 句意：今天，冷冻动物园是世界上最大的动物冷冻库，拥有超过10，500种动物的基因材料。结合空前the world's可知，此处用最高级。故填largest。
12~14.【答案】D、A、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些英语学习项目。
1. 根据High School Study Abroad部分中的And you will also have opportunities to experience science subjects taught in English, such as lessons about rocks and minerals, plants and animals, and engineering practices.（您还将有机会体验用英语教授的科学课程，例如岩石和矿物、植物和动物以及工程实践。）可知，如果亨利想尝试用英语授课的生物课，他可以参加“高中留学”。故选D。
2. 根据Step Three中的To confirm your place in our programme, you'll need to reply to our letter of offer and make payment online according to the instruction.（要确认您在我们课程中的名额，您需要回复我们的录取通知书，并根据指示在线付款。）可知，申请人在收到正式通知后应该回复信件并支付学习旅行的费用。故选A。
3. 根据第一段内容（定制您的体验，在我们令人兴奋的、综合的语言课程中掌握英语。选择您喜欢的城市，您将与其他国际学生一起学习并成为朋友。）Our English Learning Programmes（我们的英语学习课程）以及Four steps to get into our English learning programmes（进入我们的英语学习课程的四个步骤）可知，这篇文章的目标读者是“计划出国学习英语的人”。故选A。
15~17.【答案】A、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了母亲因不熟悉电脑而屡次向我求助，而我对她却越来越没有耐心，最后我终于意识到了自己的问题所在。
1. 根据文章第二段中的Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon(图标).（15分钟之后，她来到我身边，说她找不到电脑图标。）及第三段中的This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe.（这次，母亲说她查找不到具体的食谱。）可知，母亲因为不会使用电脑，所以无法找到在线食谱。故选A。
2. 根据第五段中的To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. （为了避免被再次打扰，我决定帮她找到食谱。）可知，我为了不让母亲一直打扰我，所以亲自给她找到了食谱并打印出来。故选 C。
3. 根据最后一段中的When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse.（当我小时候，母亲容忍了我的许多问题，带着极大的耐心启蒙我。现在我长大了，角色慢慢颠倒了。）可知，我开始反思自己对母亲的态度，并站在母亲的立场上考虑问题，说明了设身处地为他人着想是保持低调的关键，换位思考的重要性。故选D。
18~21.【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语音识别技术及其可能会产生的一些负面影响，就目前而言，语音识别软件的不断发展值得人们的期待。
1. 根据第二段中的The VPA can also hold a basic "conversation" and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words.（VPA还能进行基本的“对话”，并因其基本的幽默感而闻名。尽管如此，这种幽默是预先编程好的，只有当用户说出某些关键词时才会被触发。）可知，尽管VPA可以进行基本的对话，并且会在对话时有幽默感，但是这些幽默都是预先编程的，所以，VPA能够进行预先编程好的对话。故选C。
2. 根据第三段中的Some experts worry about people's attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations.（一些专家担心人们对这些机器的依恋，并担心成功的人际对话艺术在年轻一代中将得不到发展。）可知，人们一旦对机器产生了依恋，那人与人对话的艺术在青年一代就可能得不到发展，由此可知，选项D“由于VPA成瘾，一些青少年在社交上变得更加尴尬”与文中的担心有关。故选D。
3. 根据第二段中的One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers...it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds.（在会说话的计算机领域，最近取得的一项重大成就是手机上的虚拟个人助理（VPA）。如果您告诉手机VPA您想与朋友安排午餐，它可以在几秒钟内在您的手机中设置约会。）可知，语音识别系统的开发，给人们带来了一些便利，结合第三段中的While the potential for "real" communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people.（虽然人类和机器之间“真正”交流的潜力看起来令人兴奋，但这种可能性让一些人担心。）以及本段中谈到的一些问题可知，尽管人机交流的潜力令人兴奋，但是这也会使得人们产生一些担忧，由此可以判断，本文目的是让读者了解一项新技术的两面性。故选A。
4. 阅读全文，并根据第一段中的The technology for speech-recognition systems has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s. Many voice systems can understand the language when spoken at a normal conversational rate.（自20世纪50年代出现以来，语音识别系统的技术已经有了很大的发展。许多语音系统能够理解以正常会话速率说出的语言），第二段第一句One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants (VPAs) on mobile phones.（在对话计算机领域，最近的一个重大成就是手机上的虚拟个人助理（VPAs）），第三段第一句While the potential for "real" communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people.（虽然人类和机器之间“真正”交流的潜力看起来令人兴奋，但这种可能性让一些人担心）以及最后一段第一句For now, however, the continuing evolution of speech-recognition software is worth expecting.（然而，就目前而言，语音识别软件的持续发展还是值得期待的）可知，本文主要介绍了语音识别系统的相关信息，所以B项“与技术对话”符合文章内容。故选B。
22~25.【答案】B、C、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆所遇到的问题，以及其建立需要大家共同的努力。
1. 根据上句However, more than two decades later, the movement has made only slight progress（然而，20多年过去了，这一运动只取得了微小的进展）可知，划线词所在句子the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched.表达的意思是“传统的订阅模式仍然根深蒂固”，划线词entrenched意为“根深蒂固的”。故选B。
2. 根据文章第三段中的Elsevier wanted the Libraries to pay two fees: ... the Libraries walked away.（爱思唯尔希望图书馆支付两笔费用：一笔是它的授权期刊包，另一笔是使用爱思唯尔的开放存取模式。加州大学图书馆希望授权期刊费能覆盖开放存取费：他们还希望开放加州大学在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的所有研究。当双方无法达成协议时，图书馆退出了）可推知，开放获取模式收费是UC图书馆和爱思唯尔谈判失败的核心问题。故选C。
3. 根据文章倒数第二段However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible.（然而，如果有足够多的学者支持开放获取，该系统可能会达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，订阅将不再代表声望。要达到这一点需要相当长的时间和努力，但这是可能的）可推知，建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆需要共同努力。故选D。
4. 文章最后一段中的It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized(商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots.（直到20世纪，期刊系统才彻底商品化。现在是时候让它回归本源了）可推知，作者对开放存取模式的态度是支持的。故选B。
26~30.【答案】F、E、G、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活中人们虽然不懂歌曲中歌词，但人们一样喜欢这些歌曲的原因。
1. 根据前文From French electronic to K-pop and Spanish jazz, it's common for us to listen to songs we don't necessarily understand.（从法国电子音乐到韩国流行音乐和西班牙爵士乐，我们经常听我们不一定能听懂的歌曲。）描述了生活中普遍存在我们经常听我们不一定能听懂的歌曲。下文Sometimes, we even sing along to them without knowing the dictionary meaning of lyrics.（有时候，我们甚至不知道歌词的意思就跟着唱。）表明人们会跟唱自己喜欢的歌曲，即使不懂歌曲的语言。因而空处可以描述不明白歌曲的语言并不阻碍我们喜欢听歌曲。选项F（似乎不知道歌词的语言并不能阻止我们喜欢一首歌。）符合语境，故选F。
2. 根据上文In music, there's something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language.（在音乐中，歌词作为声音的吸引力超越了它们在语言中的意义。）说明音乐中人们享受的是歌唱者的声音的吸引力。下文This might explain why we are fond of a song even without knowing its lyrics.（这也许可以解释为什么我们即使不知道歌词也会喜欢一首歌。）说明人们会因为享受歌唱者的声音而喜欢一首歌。所以空处应承上启下，讲述人们在听外文歌曲的时候，是在享受声音而不是听歌词。选项E（所以，当我们听一首外国歌曲时，我们喜欢的是歌词的声音，而不是歌词。）符合语境，故选E。
3. 根据下文One example of such techniques is scale (音阶). Songs in major scales are brighter or happier, while minor scales usually sound slightly darker or bluer.（这种技巧的一个例子是音阶。大音阶的歌曲更愉快或者更快乐，而小音阶的歌曲通常听起来更忧郁或者更悲伤。）说明音乐中是会用到一些技巧来实现情绪的表达。因而空处应表述某些技巧会用在音乐中来表达情绪和信息。选项G（一些音乐技巧和元素也可以帮助传达特定的情绪和信息。）符合语境，故选G。
4. 结合前文Our brain is wired to respond to a certain sound, and our breathing and even our movement go with the sound we hear.（我们的大脑会对特定的声音做出反应，我们的呼吸，甚至我们的动作都会随着我们听到的声音而变化。）说明人们会随着听到的音乐在动作上做出相应的变化。下文Besides, elements of sound and music, like pitch, melody or harmony, also have an affective, emotional, and even physical impact on listeners.（此外，一些声音和音乐元素，如音高，旋律或和声，也会对听众的情感，情绪，甚至身体都会影响。）表明声音和音乐元素会影响听众的情感，情绪，甚至身体的动作。因而空处应承接前文，讲述音乐对人们的行为影响的一个具体表现。选项B（这就是为什么快节奏的音乐在跑步中如此流行。）表明人们会结合快节奏的音乐调整自己的动作，符合语境，故选B。
5. 根据下文Lyrics are powerful tools for helping us recognise, express and reflect our emotions.（歌词是帮助我们识别、表达和反映情感的有力工具。）表明歌词同样有着作用。所以空处应该讲述歌词的作用也不能忽视。选项C（当然，这并不是忽视歌词在音乐中的重要性。）符合语境，故选C。
31.【答案】【小题1】
Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions.
【小题2】
It is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation.
【小题3】
A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.
While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. Therefore, A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it can stop him focus on the worst-case situation.
【小题4】
Seeking professional help is also an effective way to cope with overthinking. They can give us better advice which will help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过度思考的概念及如何停止过度思考。
根据文章第二段第一句Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions.（过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力）可知，过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力。故答案为Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions.
2. 根据文章第三段第二句This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and over generalisation.（这通常是由于认知错误，这基本上是逻辑思维中的错误，比如两种极端的思维和过度概括）可知，过度思考是由于认知错误，是由逻辑思维中的错误所造成的。故答案为It is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation.
3. 根据文章倒数第二段中的Some people constantly think about questions like ..where you come up with ideas to deal with the worry or the worst-case situation," says Duke.（有些人不断地思考诸如“如果我失业了怎么办？”或“如果我生病了怎么办”之类的问题。虽然有这些想法是正常的，但当我们只关注最坏的情况时，这就成了问题。杜克说：“对于每一个‘假设’的担忧，将其改为‘如果那么做’的陈述，在陈述中你可以提出应对担忧或最坏情况的想法。”）可知，对于每一个“如果”的担忧，把它变成一个“如果那么”的陈述，你就想出了解决担忧或最坏情况的方法，故应将题干中的 because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.划线。故答案为A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.
While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. Therefore, A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it can stop him focus on the worst-case situation.
4. 开放性试题。故答案为Seeking professional help is also an effective way to cope with overthinking. They can give us better advice which will help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.
32.【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm delighted to hear from you recently. ①Learning that you are interested in the Housework Talent Show activity, I'd like to share my ideas with you.
To start with, in order to enrich our school life, our class launched such an activity. It appeals to all students to make efforts to help their parents in the housework. Students could either take pictures of their helping hand in the daily life or post their assistance work online. Eventually, all the students' performances will be displayed on the school's advertising board, and the winner will be given as well.
②By participating in this activity, it not only helps me realize the hardships of my parents, but also inspires me to study hard.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】略【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，请你给英国好友Jim回一封邮件。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①be interested in 对......感兴趣
②appeal to 吸引
③make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事
【高分句型】
①Learning that you are interested in the Housework Talent Show activity, I'd like to share my ideas with you.（动词的-ing形式作状语，that引导的宾语从句）
②By participating in this activity, it not only helps me realize the hardships of my parents, but also inspires me to study hard.（动词的-ing形式作宾语）
【结构布局】
引言：写信目的
中心：活动内容
结尾：收获及感受
【拓展词汇】
①a wide range of多种多样的
②enjoy great popularity广受欢迎
【拓展句型】
①As for your last letter asking about ..., I'm delighted to tell you something in detail.对于你在上封信中问及的……，我很高兴告诉你一些详细的情况。
②The activity offered us a chance/an opportunity to ... and enabled us to ...这次活动给我们提供了一个……的机会，并使我们能够……
2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高三（上）期末英语试卷
As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal (海豹) swam by. I put on my diving equipment and grabbed my (1) . I was frightened because
she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn't even (2) . But I knew it was time to (3) this mysterious creature.
I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth. Thinking this must be a sign of (4) , I decided to stay very calm. Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to (5) any fear. She did it a few more times, and then swam away. To my (6) , she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!
Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to (7) me. But I thought that she was really trying to communicate with me. At this point, she didn't seem very (8) She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.
I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I've learned that animals do not always behave the way we (9) . I believe the (10) experience I had with this powerful and intelligent animal will stay with me forever.
1. A. knife B. bag C. camera D. gun
2. A. escape B. move C. swim D. fight
3. A. approach B. adopt C. seize D. rescue
4. A. respect B. sympathy C. reward D. threat
5. A. confirm B. expose C. overcome D. reduce
6. A. satisfaction B. regret C. surprise D. sorrow
7. A. feed B. comfort C. attack D. assess
8. A. reliable B. dangerous C. sensitive D. ambitious
9. A. admire B. promise C. demand D. expect
10. A. confusing B. similar C. incredible D. bitter
11. A When I was 14, my father and I took a bike trip to explore the Sideling Hill Tunnel (隧道).
After we (1) (enter) the dark tunnel, I shone my flashlight around and saw walls covered in graffiti (涂鸦). (2) I was frightened, with my father's constant encouragement, I managed to ride out into that bright afternoon at last. This trip always reminds me of my father, (3) gives me the courage to keep riding through life's dark.
B
Bandung, one of Indonesia's major cities, is only 150 kilometers from Jakarta, the capital, but the drive is at an average of three hours even with a freeway (4) (connect) the two cities. Fortunately, a high-speed railway (5) (fund) by China is due to open in 2023, and the hours-long travel (6) (cut) to 40 minutes. It is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, and for Indonesia, the beginning of a brand new network of transportation across the country.
C
When Kurt Benirschke started collecting skin (7) (sample) from rare and endangered animals in 1972, he didn't have a clear plan on (8) could be done with them. He then set up a collection bank called the Frozen Zoo. Benirschke passed away in 2018, (9) his efforts are very much alive. Today, the Frozen Zoo is the world's (10) (large) animal cryobank, with genetic materials from over 10, 500 animals. In 2020, a baby horse known as "Kurt" was born, cloned using cells from the Frozen Zoo.
C
Tailor your experience, and master the English language in our exciting and comprehensive language programmes. Choose your preferred city, and you'll study with and befriend other international students.
Our English Learning Programmes
●Learn English in Universities
Courses have been developed in partnership with famous universities in Australia to improve your English language skills. You will get to experience campus life abroad.
●Small Group English Programme
These intensive English classes are hosted in different language schools along the east coast. Talk to our programe advisers to choose the best location.
●One-on-One Tutoring
Our programme organizes tailored learning experiences based on your English learning goals. You will live in local families and have chances to practise your oral English.
●High School Study Abroad
There are few things in life which can make you feel more grown-up like living and learning in another country. Pack this with many fun cultural activities. And you will also have opportunities to experience science subjects taught in English, such as lessons about rocks and minerals, plants and animals, and engineering practices.
Four steps to get into our English learning programmes
Step One: Review the programme information and complete our online application form to get the ball rolling.
Step Two: You will have a 15-min interview with your programme adviser to discuss your interests, needs, destination and duration. Within three days after the interview, the adviser will be in touch by email to let you know if your application has been successful. If so, we'll send you a formal offer.
Step Three: To confirm your place in our programme, you'll need to reply to our letter of offer and make payment online according to the instruction. Once this has been done, we'll send you the documents containing all the inform on you'll need regarding your study trip.
Step Four: Once your flights have been booked, let us know your arrival details so that we can organize airport pick-up. We'll be excited to welcome you to our programme in person!
12. If Henry wants to try a biology class taught in English, he may join in ______.
A. Learn English in Universes B. Small Group English Programme
C. One-on-One Tutoring D. High School Study Abroad
13. What should applicants do after receiving a formal offer?
A. Reply to the letter and pay the cost for the study trip.
B. Get in touch with the organizer to confirm the destination.
C. Review programme information to prepare for an interview.
D. Provide the programme adviser with personal needs and goals.
14. Who are the intended readers of this passage?
A. People planning to study English abroad.
B. People willing to apply for English teaching jobs.
C. People aiming to help English learners go abroad.
D. People loving to share English learning experiences.
D
In my eyes, my mother is capable of doing anything, especially chores such as ironing and cooking. However, teaching her how to use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling(解开) Wlres.
Once, my mother came to me to ask for help on how to find a recipe for all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very simple verba(口头的) instructions—go to the home page of a particular search engine and type in "recipe for all-beef Lasagna." Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon(图标). I went over to the computer and pointed out the icon to her.
Another fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap on my shoulder. This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe. Gritting(咬) my teeth, I walked to her room again. I saw that she had typed "all beef La saga" instead. With frustrated strokes, I keyed in the correct spelling.
Yet another fifteen minutes went by again when my mother gingerly tapped my shoulder. I stormed next door without bothering to hide my frustration. The main page of the website had not shifted one bit. I then realised that she did not know how to scroll down the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an intense one.
To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother. However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret my impatience during the whole process.
At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may increasingly need my help, shouldn't I rethink how to respond to her needs?
15. The author's mother couldn't find the recipe online mainly because she was ______.
A. unfamiliar with computers and the Internet
B. given unclear instructions by the author
C. too dependent on her family members
D. impatient at searching for the recipe
16. Why did the author print the recipes for his mother at last?
A. Because he was pleased to help his mother out.
B. Because he didn' t want his mother to be embarrassed.
C. Because he was fed up with his mother's interruption.
D. Because he thought his mother favored the printed version.
17. What message does the author want to convey?
A. It is wise to teach others by examples.
B. Forgiving others is equal to blessing oneself.
C. Patience and perseverance will be finally rewarded.
D. Putting yourself in others' shoes is the key to understanding.
E
The technology for speech-recognition systems has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s. Many voice systems can understand the language when spoken at a normal conversational rate. But even the advanced human-machine interfaces (人机交互) used today are unable to trick the listeners into thinking a computer is a human. Why is this? Simply put, it's because human beings rely on more than words to convey ideas or interpret messages, such as tones, facial expressions, body movements, and objects in the world around them.
One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants (VPAs) on mobile phones. If you tell a mobile phone VPA that you want to schedule a lunch with a friend, it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds. The VPA can also hold a basic "conversation" and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words.
While the potential for "real" communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people. Some experts worry about people's attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations. They worry that people won't be able to display the right emotion or tone in conversations because they haven't been practising those skills. Others fear that machines will take over functions that were traditionally performed by humans, such as customer service. Another concern often associated with the development of new technology is the invasion of privacy (侵犯隐私). When people use certain speech-recognition applications, they leave behind an audio track of their speech. When you ask a VPA for directions, your speech is sent and saved to a remote server for processing. This digital trail may lead to data mining, or the collection of large quantities of personal data.
For now, however, the continuing evolution of speech-recognition software is worth expecting. Leading companies in the field hope to make human communication with machines as seamless as possible, just like communicating with another human.
18. According to the passage, what can a VPA do?
A. Entertain users with original jokes.
B. Make people regard it as a human.
C. Hold preprogrammed conversations.
D. Display the right tones in conversations.
19. Which situation reflects the concerns mentioned in the passage?
A. One VPA service was priced higher for protecting users' privacy.
B. An airline bore high costs for applying VPAs to its online service.
C. An app failed to offer the right direction when given spoken instructions.
D. Some teenagers became more socially awkward due to the addiction to VPAs.
20. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To inform readers of the double-edged quality of a new technology.
B. To inspire readers to explore the future of a new technology.
C. To promote the application of a new technology.
D. To stress the convenience of a new technology.
21. What might be the best title of the passage?
A. The worries over VPAs. B. Talking to technology.
C. The world of technology. D. Listening to "a real person."
F
A person could be forgiven for believing 20 years ago that the Internet would soon revolutionise academic publishing, because it became possible for publishers to spread scholarly work at the click of a button—much cheaper than the traditonal subscription-based (订阅) model. Recognising the opportunity, many scholars and librarians began to advocate an open access result would be a true online public library of science.
However, more than two decades later, the movement has made only slight progress, and the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched.
Fortunately, things are changing. A big shoe dropped when the University of California (UC) Libraries, one of the biggest library systems, declined to renew its contract with Elsevier, a leading scientific publisher. Elsevier wanted the Libraries to pay two fees: One for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier's open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn't come to terms, the Libraries walked away.
Actually, the open access revolution is more likely to be led by research funding agencies, who can use their purse power to promote open access. A team of funders, Coalition S, insisted that any research they fund should be published in a journal that makes all of its articles freely and immediately available to the public, which is called Plan-S.
Now that some librarians and funders are flexing their muscles, what should academics do?
The worst response would be to complain that Plan-S deprives (剥夺) them of academic freedom. Some thoughtful academics might worry that a shift to open access would affect their promotion. After all, subscription journals are more familiar and more prestigious (有威望的) in the current system. However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible.
When the journal system began in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized(商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots.
22. What does the underlined word probably mean?
A. Uncertain. B. Rooted. C. Limited. D. Popular.
23. What is the core of failed negotiation between UC Libraries and Elsevier?
A. The duration of the contract. B. The way of payment.
C. The charge for open access model. D. The choice of licensed journals.
24. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Academics welcome open access model with full heart.
B. Open access model will soon achieve a dominant position.
C. Publishers are willing to abandon the subscription model gradually.
D. Establishing a true online public library of science requires joint efforts.
25. What is the author's attitude towards the open access model?
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Indifferent.
Why We Listen to Music with Lyrics (歌词) We Don't Understand.
From French electronic to K-pop and Spanish jazz, it's common for us to listen to songs we don't necessarily understand. (1) Sometimes, we even sing along to them without knowing the dictionary meaning of lyrics.
But why? It all starts with what's called "sound symbolism (语音表意)," which refers to the study of the relationships between utterances (发声) and their meaning. In music, there's something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language. (2) This might explain why we are fond of a song even without knowing its lyrics. (3) One example of such techniques is scale (音阶). Songs in major scales are brighter or happier, while minor scales usually sound slightly darker or bluer. Our brain is wired to respond to a certain sound, and our breathing and even our movement go with the sound we hear. (4) Besides, elements of sound and music, like pitch, melody or harmony, also have an affective, emotional, and even physical impact on listeners. Through a complex of these elements, music adds so much meaning and dimension to lyrics. That is to say, the combination of all these creates the meaning far beyond the lyrics' dictionary meaning.
(5) Lyrics are powerful tools for helping us recognise, express and reflect our emotions. All in all, there's value in whatever immediate appeal we find in the music we listen to, whether or not we understand the words. Music, after all, is a universal language.
A.The interrelationship of melody and pitch is important.
B.This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running.
C.Of course, this isn't to ignore the importance of lyrics in music.
D.Things like a musician's image also help convey meaning through songs.
E. So, when listening to a foreign song, we enjoy the lyrics as sounds and not words.
F. It seems that not knowing the language of the lyrics doesn't stop us from liking a song.
G. Some musical techniques and elements can also help convey certain moods and messages.
26. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. How to Stop Overthinking We all have times when we worry, whether it's about work, health, family, relationships or a host of other reasons. But is there a point when you may think and worry too much?
Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. For example, we may start worrying about a specific situation at work, which leads to worrying about money or losing jobs.
But why do we tend to overthink? This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and over generalisation. Although overthinking is hard to break, Natacha Duke, a registered psychotherapist, outlines strategies that can help.
"Healthy distraction can be useful," says Duke. Activities like reading and taking a walk can help keep our stress levels down. They can reduce our baseline level of anxiety and make us less likely to overthink.
Duke adds, "Keeping a daily journal can help us actively manage stress before our feelings expand out of control." As we practise journaling our emotions and thoughts, it becomes easier to identify when we're starting to worry. Stopping worrying early will ultimately help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.
Some people constantly think about questions like "What if I lose my job?" or "What if I get sick?" While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. "For every 'what if' worry, change this to an 'if then' statement where you come up with ideas to deal with the worry or the worst-case situation," says Duke. "Focus on having a concrete plan in place."
So, face the problems, then challenge and reframe them. Finally, we will develop effective ways to cope with overthinking.
(1) What is overthinking?
________________________________________________________________________
(2) What causes overthinking?
________________________________________________________________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.
________________________________________________________________________
(4) Besides the suggestions mentioned in the passage, what other advice will you give to a person who is always overthinking?
________________________________________________________________________
32. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为了丰富生活，你所在的班级开展了“家务小能手”主题展示活动。你的英国好友Jim 得知情况后，来信询问有关信息。请你回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：
(1)活动内容；
(2)收获及感受。
注意：
(1)词数100 左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：家务小能手展示活动 Housework Talent Show
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~10.【答案】C、B、A、D、B、C、A、B、D、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。
1. 句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A.knife刀；B.bag包；C.camera照相机；D.gun枪。根据后文的Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.可知，我是带着相机潜水的。故选C。
2. 句意：我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A.escape逃跑；B.move移动；C.swim游泳；D.fight斗争。根据前文的I was frightened可知，我一动不动地待在那里。故选B。
3. 句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。A.approach接近；B.adopt采取；C.seize抓住；D.rescue营救。根据后文的I jumped into the freezing water.可知，此处是接近这个海豹。故选A。
4. 句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A.respect尊重；B.sympathy同情；C.reward回报；D.threat威胁；恐吓。根据前文的Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.可知，海豹采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D。
5. 句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A.confirm确认；B.expose暴露；C.overcome克服；D.reduce减少。根据前文的I decided to stay very calm.可知，我不露出害怕的神情。故选B。
6. 句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A.satisfaction满足；B.regret后悔；C.surprise惊讶；D.sorrow悲伤。根据后文的she came back with a live penguin.可知，我很惊讶。故选C。
7. 句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试把企鹅喂给我吃。A.feed喂养；B.comfort安慰；C.attack攻击；D.assess评估。根据前文的Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!可知，海豹是在喂养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A。
8. 句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A.reliable可靠的；B.dangerous危险的；C.sensitive多愁善感的；D.ambitious野心勃勃的。根据后文She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B。
9. 句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A.admire钦佩；B.promise承诺；C.demand要求；D.expect预期，期待。根据前文Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.及Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!可知，海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D。
10. 句意：与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起是不可思议的，我相信这种体验将伴随我终生。A.confusing令人困惑的；B.similar相似的；C.incredible难以置信的，惊人的；D.bitter痛苦的。根据前文She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.及I got many amazing pictures during those four days. 可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C。
11.【答案】1.entered
2.Although/Though/While
3.who
4.connecting
5.funded
6.will be cut
7.samples
8.what
9.but
10.largest
【解析】1. 句意：我们进入黑暗的隧道后，我用手电筒照了照四周，看到墙上满是涂鸦。分析句子结构可知，逗号前在句中为时间状语从句，空处作从句的谓语，结合主句中shone和saw可知，空处的时态为一般过去时，所以填entered，故填entered。
2. 句意：尽管我很害怕，但是在父亲的不断鼓励下，最后我终于在那个晴朗的下午骑车出了隧道。分析句子结构可知，逗号前的内容在句中为让步状语从句，所以此处填although/though/while，因处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
3. 句意：这次旅行总是让我想起我的父亲，他给我勇气继续穿越生活的黑暗隧道。分析句子结构可知，空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为my father，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who，故填who。
4. 句意：万隆是印尼的主要城市之一，距离首都雅加达只有150公里，但即使有高速公路连接两个城市，车程也平均需要3个小时。设空处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，宾语a freeway和设空处之间为逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，故填connecting。
5. 句意：幸运的是，一条由中国投资的高铁将于2023年开通，长达数小时的行程将缩短至40分钟。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语a high-speed railway之间是逻辑的被动关系。应用动词的-ed形式作后置定语。故填funded。
6. 句意同上。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 2023，可知句子的时态为一般将来时，设空处为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be cut。
7. 句意：当库尔特•贝尼尔施克（Kurt Benirschke）在1972年开始收集稀有和濒危动物的皮肤样本时，他并没有一个关于如何处理这些皮肤样本的明确计划。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作宾语，所以用名词。结合空后“rare and endangered animals”可知，此处指那些稀有和濒危动物的皮肤样本，所以为复数含义，故填samples。
8. 句意同上。分析可知，空处及之后的内容作介词on的宾语从句，空处作从句的主语，表示做什么，所以用连接代词what。故填what。
9. 句意：贝尼尔施克于2018年去世，但他的成就仍然继续存在。分析句子可知，空处前后内容的关系为转折关系，所以填连词but，故填but。
10. 句意：今天，冷冻动物园是世界上最大的动物冷冻库，拥有超过10，500种动物的基因材料。结合空前the world's可知，此处用最高级。故填largest。
12~14.【答案】D、A、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些英语学习项目。
1. 根据High School Study Abroad部分中的And you will also have opportunities to experience science subjects taught in English, such as lessons about rocks and minerals, plants and animals, and engineering practices.（您还将有机会体验用英语教授的科学课程，例如岩石和矿物、植物和动物以及工程实践。）可知，如果亨利想尝试用英语授课的生物课，他可以参加“高中留学”。故选D。
2. 根据Step Three中的To confirm your place in our programme, you'll need to reply to our letter of offer and make payment online according to the instruction.（要确认您在我们课程中的名额，您需要回复我们的录取通知书，并根据指示在线付款。）可知，申请人在收到正式通知后应该回复信件并支付学习旅行的费用。故选A。
3. 根据第一段内容（定制您的体验，在我们令人兴奋的、综合的语言课程中掌握英语。选择您喜欢的城市，您将与其他国际学生一起学习并成为朋友。）Our English Learning Programmes（我们的英语学习课程）以及Four steps to get into our English learning programmes（进入我们的英语学习课程的四个步骤）可知，这篇文章的目标读者是“计划出国学习英语的人”。故选A。
15~17.【答案】A、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了母亲因不熟悉电脑而屡次向我求助，而我对她却越来越没有耐心，最后我终于意识到了自己的问题所在。
1. 根据文章第二段中的Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon(图标).（15分钟之后，她来到我身边，说她找不到电脑图标。）及第三段中的This time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe.（这次，母亲说她查找不到具体的食谱。）可知，母亲因为不会使用电脑，所以无法找到在线食谱。故选A。
2. 根据第五段中的To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. （为了避免被再次打扰，我决定帮她找到食谱。）可知，我为了不让母亲一直打扰我，所以亲自给她找到了食谱并打印出来。故选 C。
3. 根据最后一段中的When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse.（当我小时候，母亲容忍了我的许多问题，带着极大的耐心启蒙我。现在我长大了，角色慢慢颠倒了。）可知，我开始反思自己对母亲的态度，并站在母亲的立场上考虑问题，说明了设身处地为他人着想是保持低调的关键，换位思考的重要性。故选D。
18~21.【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语音识别技术及其可能会产生的一些负面影响，就目前而言，语音识别软件的不断发展值得人们的期待。
1. 根据第二段中的The VPA can also hold a basic "conversation" and has earned fame for its elementary sense of humour. Still, the humour is preprogrammed and can be triggered only when human users speak certain key words.（VPA还能进行基本的“对话”，并因其基本的幽默感而闻名。尽管如此，这种幽默是预先编程好的，只有当用户说出某些关键词时才会被触发。）可知，尽管VPA可以进行基本的对话，并且会在对话时有幽默感，但是这些幽默都是预先编程的，所以，VPA能够进行预先编程好的对话。故选C。
2. 根据第三段中的Some experts worry about people's attachment to these machines and fear that the art of successful human-to-human conversation will be undeveloped in younger generations.（一些专家担心人们对这些机器的依恋，并担心成功的人际对话艺术在年轻一代中将得不到发展。）可知，人们一旦对机器产生了依恋，那人与人对话的艺术在青年一代就可能得不到发展，由此可知，选项D“由于VPA成瘾，一些青少年在社交上变得更加尴尬”与文中的担心有关。故选D。
3. 根据第二段中的One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers...it can set the appointment in your phone in seconds.（在会说话的计算机领域，最近取得的一项重大成就是手机上的虚拟个人助理（VPA）。如果您告诉手机VPA您想与朋友安排午餐，它可以在几秒钟内在您的手机中设置约会。）可知，语音识别系统的开发，给人们带来了一些便利，结合第三段中的While the potential for "real" communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people.（虽然人类和机器之间“真正”交流的潜力看起来令人兴奋，但这种可能性让一些人担心。）以及本段中谈到的一些问题可知，尽管人机交流的潜力令人兴奋，但是这也会使得人们产生一些担忧，由此可以判断，本文目的是让读者了解一项新技术的两面性。故选A。
4. 阅读全文，并根据第一段中的The technology for speech-recognition systems has advanced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s. Many voice systems can understand the language when spoken at a normal conversational rate.（自20世纪50年代出现以来，语音识别系统的技术已经有了很大的发展。许多语音系统能够理解以正常会话速率说出的语言），第二段第一句One significant recent achievement in the field of talking computers is virtual personal assistants (VPAs) on mobile phones.（在对话计算机领域，最近的一个重大成就是手机上的虚拟个人助理（VPAs）），第三段第一句While the potential for "real" communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting, this possibility concerns some people.（虽然人类和机器之间“真正”交流的潜力看起来令人兴奋，但这种可能性让一些人担心）以及最后一段第一句For now, however, the continuing evolution of speech-recognition software is worth expecting.（然而，就目前而言，语音识别软件的持续发展还是值得期待的）可知，本文主要介绍了语音识别系统的相关信息，所以B项“与技术对话”符合文章内容。故选B。
22~25.【答案】B、C、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆所遇到的问题，以及其建立需要大家共同的努力。
1. 根据上句However, more than two decades later, the movement has made only slight progress（然而，20多年过去了，这一运动只取得了微小的进展）可知，划线词所在句子the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched.表达的意思是“传统的订阅模式仍然根深蒂固”，划线词entrenched意为“根深蒂固的”。故选B。
2. 根据文章第三段中的Elsevier wanted the Libraries to pay two fees: ... the Libraries walked away.（爱思唯尔希望图书馆支付两笔费用：一笔是它的授权期刊包，另一笔是使用爱思唯尔的开放存取模式。加州大学图书馆希望授权期刊费能覆盖开放存取费：他们还希望开放加州大学在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的所有研究。当双方无法达成协议时，图书馆退出了）可推知，开放获取模式收费是UC图书馆和爱思唯尔谈判失败的核心问题。故选C。
3. 根据文章倒数第二段However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible.（然而，如果有足够多的学者支持开放获取，该系统可能会达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，订阅将不再代表声望。要达到这一点需要相当长的时间和努力，但这是可能的）可推知，建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆需要共同努力。故选D。
4. 文章最后一段中的It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized(商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots.（直到20世纪，期刊系统才彻底商品化。现在是时候让它回归本源了）可推知，作者对开放存取模式的态度是支持的。故选B。
26~30.【答案】F、E、G、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活中人们虽然不懂歌曲中歌词，但人们一样喜欢这些歌曲的原因。
1. 根据前文From French electronic to K-pop and Spanish jazz, it's common for us to listen to songs we don't necessarily understand.（从法国电子音乐到韩国流行音乐和西班牙爵士乐，我们经常听我们不一定能听懂的歌曲。）描述了生活中普遍存在我们经常听我们不一定能听懂的歌曲。下文Sometimes, we even sing along to them without knowing the dictionary meaning of lyrics.（有时候，我们甚至不知道歌词的意思就跟着唱。）表明人们会跟唱自己喜欢的歌曲，即使不懂歌曲的语言。因而空处可以描述不明白歌曲的语言并不阻碍我们喜欢听歌曲。选项F（似乎不知道歌词的语言并不能阻止我们喜欢一首歌。）符合语境，故选F。
2. 根据上文In music, there's something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language.（在音乐中，歌词作为声音的吸引力超越了它们在语言中的意义。）说明音乐中人们享受的是歌唱者的声音的吸引力。下文This might explain why we are fond of a song even without knowing its lyrics.（这也许可以解释为什么我们即使不知道歌词也会喜欢一首歌。）说明人们会因为享受歌唱者的声音而喜欢一首歌。所以空处应承上启下，讲述人们在听外文歌曲的时候，是在享受声音而不是听歌词。选项E（所以，当我们听一首外国歌曲时，我们喜欢的是歌词的声音，而不是歌词。）符合语境，故选E。
3. 根据下文One example of such techniques is scale (音阶). Songs in major scales are brighter or happier, while minor scales usually sound slightly darker or bluer.（这种技巧的一个例子是音阶。大音阶的歌曲更愉快或者更快乐，而小音阶的歌曲通常听起来更忧郁或者更悲伤。）说明音乐中是会用到一些技巧来实现情绪的表达。因而空处应表述某些技巧会用在音乐中来表达情绪和信息。选项G（一些音乐技巧和元素也可以帮助传达特定的情绪和信息。）符合语境，故选G。
4. 结合前文Our brain is wired to respond to a certain sound, and our breathing and even our movement go with the sound we hear.（我们的大脑会对特定的声音做出反应，我们的呼吸，甚至我们的动作都会随着我们听到的声音而变化。）说明人们会随着听到的音乐在动作上做出相应的变化。下文Besides, elements of sound and music, like pitch, melody or harmony, also have an affective, emotional, and even physical impact on listeners.（此外，一些声音和音乐元素，如音高，旋律或和声，也会对听众的情感，情绪，甚至身体都会影响。）表明声音和音乐元素会影响听众的情感，情绪，甚至身体的动作。因而空处应承接前文，讲述音乐对人们的行为影响的一个具体表现。选项B（这就是为什么快节奏的音乐在跑步中如此流行。）表明人们会结合快节奏的音乐调整自己的动作，符合语境，故选B。
5. 根据下文Lyrics are powerful tools for helping us recognise, express and reflect our emotions.（歌词是帮助我们识别、表达和反映情感的有力工具。）表明歌词同样有着作用。所以空处应该讲述歌词的作用也不能忽视。选项C（当然，这并不是忽视歌词在音乐中的重要性。）符合语境，故选C。
31.【答案】【小题1】
Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions.
【小题2】
It is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation.
【小题3】
A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.
While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. Therefore, A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it can stop him focus on the worst-case situation.
【小题4】
Seeking professional help is also an effective way to cope with overthinking. They can give us better advice which will help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.
【解析】1. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过度思考的概念及如何停止过度思考。
根据文章第二段第一句Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions.（过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力）可知，过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力。故答案为Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions.
2. 根据文章第三段第二句This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and over generalisation.（这通常是由于认知错误，这基本上是逻辑思维中的错误，比如两种极端的思维和过度概括）可知，过度思考是由于认知错误，是由逻辑思维中的错误所造成的。故答案为It is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation.
3. 根据文章倒数第二段中的Some people constantly think about questions like ..where you come up with ideas to deal with the worry or the worst-case situation," says Duke.（有些人不断地思考诸如“如果我失业了怎么办？”或“如果我生病了怎么办”之类的问题。虽然有这些想法是正常的，但当我们只关注最坏的情况时，这就成了问题。杜克说：“对于每一个‘假设’的担忧，将其改为‘如果那么做’的陈述，在陈述中你可以提出应对担忧或最坏情况的想法。”）可知，对于每一个“如果”的担忧，把它变成一个“如果那么”的陈述，你就想出了解决担忧或最坏情况的方法，故应将题干中的 because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.划线。故答案为A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation.
While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. Therefore, A man can stop overthinking if he changes "what if" questions to "if then" statements, because it can stop him focus on the worst-case situation.
4. 开放性试题。故答案为Seeking professional help is also an effective way to cope with overthinking. They can give us better advice which will help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us.
32.【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm delighted to hear from you recently. ①Learning that you are interested in the Housework Talent Show activity, I'd like to share my ideas with you.
To start with, in order to enrich our school life, our class launched such an activity. It appeals to all students to make efforts to help their parents in the housework. Students could either take pictures of their helping hand in the daily life or post their assistance work online. Eventually, all the students' performances will be displayed on the school's advertising board, and the winner will be given as well.
②By participating in this activity, it not only helps me realize the hardships of my parents, but also inspires me to study hard.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】略【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，请你给英国好友Jim回一封邮件。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①be interested in 对......感兴趣
②appeal to 吸引
③make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事
【高分句型】
①Learning that you are interested in the Housework Talent Show activity, I'd like to share my ideas with you.（动词的-ing形式作状语，that引导的宾语从句）
②By participating in this activity, it not only helps me realize the hardships of my parents, but also inspires me to study hard.（动词的-ing形式作宾语）
【结构布局】
引言：写信目的
中心：活动内容
结尾：收获及感受
【拓展词汇】
①a wide range of多种多样的
②enjoy great popularity广受欢迎
【拓展句型】
①As for your last letter asking about ..., I'm delighted to tell you something in detail.对于你在上封信中问及的……，我很高兴告诉你一些详细的情况。
②The activity offered us a chance/an opportunity to ... and enabled us to ...这次活动给我们提供了一个……的机会，并使我们能够……
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