译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT2泛读技能初养成课件+学案

阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项

1．Which is not a borrowed word in the sentence “The sushi restaurant's menu was confusing．”？

A．was　　 B．sushi

C．restaurant D．confusing

2．According to the passage，which one is not true?

A．Word borrowing has been occurring for thousands of years．

B．Words are borrowed at a faster speed than before．

C．Some borrowed words even sound like the native language．

D．Borrowed words cannot be avoided．

[答案]　1—2　AD

Words and Phrases

知识要点1　preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物

(教材原句P20)Now，when speaking to Americans，who have a preference for the direct style，I found that I often failed to get straight to the point．

现在，当我和偏爱直接风格的美国人交谈时，我发现我常常不能直接切入主题。

[例]　I can't say that I have any particular preference．

我说不出自己有什么特别偏好。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①Some people eat with their eyes．They prefer to order(order) what looks nice．

②I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being(be) at home．

③We give preference to those(给那些人优先权) who have worked with us for a long time．

知识要点2　(教材原句P21)Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others．．．

那些打破禁忌的人很可能会感到难过或尴尬，即使他们没有伤害别人的意图……

(1)embarrassed adj．窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的

[例]　Some women are too embarrassed to consult their doctor about the problem．

有些妇女太害羞，不愿就这个问题向医生咨询。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Don't embarrass them with personal questions．

②She was embarrassed(embarrass) when they kept telling her how clever she was．

③It can be embarrassing(embarrass) for children to tell complete strangers about such incidents．

(2)intention n．意图，计划

[例]　He has announced his intention to retire．

他已经宣布他打算退休。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①You know I have no intention of being(be) awkward and obstreperous．

②These garments are intended for professional sports people．

③He returned with the intention of spending new year with his family(带着和他的家人一起过春节的目的)．

知识要点3　correspond vi．类似于；相一致，符合；通信

(教材原句P21)This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which means “to separate”．

这是因为汉语中与“伞”相对应的汉字听起来像另一个汉字，意思是“散”。

[例]　Your account of events does not correspond with hers．

你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to what was actually said．

②The editor welcomes correspondence(correspond) from readers on any subject．

知识要点4　behave vi．&vt．表现得体，有礼貌；表现

(教材原句P21)If you know what to avoid and how to behave，you will spare yourself embarrassment．

如果你知道该避免什么，如何处世，你就不会尴尬了。

[例]　The doctor behaved very unprofessionally．

那位医生的做法十分不专业。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①He was angry to see his son behave badly(bad) at the party．

②Behave yourself(you) and be careful in what you say or do．

③Make sure that good behaviour(behave)is rewarded．

知识要点5　tolerate vt．容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受

(教材原句P21)Some behaviour that was not tolerated before might be accepted now．

以前不能容忍的一些行为现在可能会被接受。

[例]　This sort of behaviour will not be tolerated．

这种行为是不能容许的。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①He can't tolerate people smoking(smoke) while he is eating．

②He has a very tolerant(tolerate) attitude towards other religions．

③They have a policy of zero tolerance(tolerate) for mistakes．

知识要点6　oppose vt．反对，抵制；与……对垒

(教材原句P25)Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided，but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures．

虽然外来词是语言发展几乎难以避免的结果，但是一些语言群体反对从其他文化中吸收词汇。

[例]　He got angry when I opposed his plan．

当我反对他的计划时，他生气了。

[即学即练]　完成句子/单句语法填空

①His daughter is very athletic as opposed to his son(与他儿子相比)，who is very clever．

②We are opposed to the idea of driving the car too fast．

③They are on strike in opposition(oppose) to the lay­off．

Sentence Patterns

重点句式1　this is because．．．

(教材原句P21)This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which means “to separate”．

这是因为汉语中与“伞”相对应的汉字听起来像另一个汉字，意思是“散”。

句式分析：本句中的this is because．．．表示“这是因为……”；because引导表语从句，后面跟的是表示原因的从句。

[例1]　This is because they keep working every day．

这是因为他们每天都在工作。

[例2]　This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch．

这是因为人们中午太饿了以至于午饭吃得特别多。

[即学即练]　句型转换/单句语法填空

①He was late for school．That was because he didn't catch the first bus．

→He didn't catch the first bus．That was why he was late for school．

→The reason why he was late for school is that he didn't catch the first bus．

②That is why the cultural industry in China is needed．

重点句式2　the more．．．，the more．．．

(教材原句P25)The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language．

借来的词使用的时间越长，听起来甚至看起来就越像母语。

句式分析：the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，该句型意为“越……越……”。

[例1]　The higher the altitude is，the thinner air becomes．

高度越高，空气就越稀薄。

[例2]　The more you practice，the better you can speak．

你练习得越多，你就能说得越好。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①The harder you work，the greater(great) progress you will make．

②The longer(long) the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer．

③The less he worried，the better he worked(工作就干得越好)．

标题归纳题

标题归纳题在英语阅读理解题中属于主旨大意题，是深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。

[例文]　

Of the many influences on human behavior，social influences are the most widespread．The main influence on people is people．When we hear the words，social influence，most of us think of deliberate attempts of someone to persuade us to change our actions or opinions．The TV ad comes to mind．But many of the most important forms of social influence are unintentional，and some of the effects we humans have on one another occur as a result of the simple fact that we are in each other's physical presence．

[方法技巧]　了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。

◆Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Coaction Makes Faster　

B．Social Influence

C．An Interesting Observation　

D．Effect of Audience Presence

[答案]　B

[即学即练]

Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper．Yes，it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention．There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance．Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，according to a new research led by John Gunstad，assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University．

◆Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Body Weight and Health　

B．Losing Weight by Operation

C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions

D．Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind

[答案]　D