(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练解密12《特殊句式》（强调，倒装，祈使句，感叹句等）（2份打包，教师版+原卷版）

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练解密12《特殊句式》（强调，倒装，祈使句，感叹句等）（2份打包，教师版+原卷版），文件包含新高考高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练解密12《特殊句式》强调倒装祈使句感叹句等教师版doc、新高考高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练解密12《特殊句式》强调倒装祈使句感叹句等学生版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共49页， 欢迎下载使用。

解密12特殊句式（强调，倒装，祈使句，感叹句等）

考点详解



【考点解读】
1. 掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。
2. 熟知强调句的基本结构及其疑问句句式、特殊疑问句式，注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的区别。
3. 掌握省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略。
4. 掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。
5. 掌握反意疑问句的构成和用法。
【命题趋势】
近两年高考试卷中的语篇型语法填空题对特殊句式的考查很少，但强调句型、倒装句、there be句型等均为高中教学的重点内容，所以在高考备考中，考生仍然需要掌握这部分内容，以便有充分的知识储备和较强的综合能力应对高考。

考向1 倒装


倒装是英语中常见的一种语言现象，它具有强调、修饰等作用。倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1. There be句型：其中be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem (appear/ happen/ used) to be等表示＂存在＂意义的词。
☛There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
☛Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
2. 以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间、地点的副词开头的句子，谓语是come, go, be等动词时，并且其主语为名词时，通常使用完全倒装。
☛Now, here goes the story. 现在，这个故事是这样的。
☛Then came another question. 然后又一个问题被提出来了。
☛Away flew the bird. 那只鸟飞走了。
☛Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face. 突然进来一个蒙着面的男人。
在以there, here, up, down, out, in等副词开头的句子中，当主语是代词时，句子不倒装。
☛There they are.他们在那边。
3. 表示地点的介词短语，常将其放在句首，构成完全倒装，用于表示强调。此时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词，且主语为名词。
☛In the cottage lives a family of six. 在这间小屋里住着一家六口。
☛Near the bridge was an old cottage. 在桥的附近有一间古老的小屋。
☛Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated.
这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修得很漂亮的大饭店。
☛On either side of the great avenue stood many buildings. 这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多大楼。
4. 表语(充当表语的可以是形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首，一般是主语较长或结构为较复杂的句子。
☛Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。
☛In the armchair lay a cat, half asleep. 一只猫躺在扶手椅上，半睡半醒。
☛Standing around the teacher were her students.
老师周围站着的都是她的学生。
☛Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.
同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。
☛First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。
5. such位于句首。
☛Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这些。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 为了避免句子内容出现不必要的重复，常用＂so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词)＋主语＂或＂neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词)＋主语＂的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示＂与前面所述的肯定情况相同＂，第二个句式表示＂与前面所述的否定情况相同＂。
☛His brother is a college student, so is mine. 他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。
☛He used to have his further study abroad, so did I. 他曾去国外深造过，我也去过。
☛One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages, neither can his wife.
我的一个朋友不会说外语，他的妻子也不会。
☛They are not now preparing for their final examinations, nor are we.
他们没在为期末考试做准备，我们也没有。
表示赞同某人的看法时，用＂So＋S＋do/does/did.＂。
☛—I told you that I would come.我告诉过你我会来的。
—So you did.你确实说过。
2. 含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(否定词修饰主语除外)，句子通常采用部分倒装。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, not until..., no sooner...(than), hardly...(when), not only...(but also)。
☛Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before. 我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
☛So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother. 就我所知，玛丽很少回来看她妈妈。
☛Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案的。
☛By no means are these goods satisfactory. 这些货物一点儿也不令人满意。
☛Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night. 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
☛Not only was the city polluted, but (also) the streets were crowded. 不仅城市被污染，而且街道也很拥挤。
not until后接从句时，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装；no sooner...than, hardly...when, not only...but also中，no sooner, hardly, not only所在的分句/句子部分倒装，后一分句(主句)不倒装，这种结构常用过去完成时。但在neither...nor结构中，前后两个分句均要倒装。
☛Not only did he complain about the food, but also he refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭菜的质量，而且拒不付款。
☛Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering. 他刚演讲完，观众便欢呼起来。
3. as, though引导的让步状语从句，其中表语、状语等放在as或though之前。
☛Successful as he is, he is not proud. 尽管他取得了成功，但他并不骄傲。
☛Try as I might, I could not lift the stone. 尽管我用尽力气，我还是举不起这块石头。
☛Too much as/though I like it, I can’t afford it. 虽然我非常喜欢它，但是我却买不起。
as/though引导的让步状语从句具有以下特点：(1)表语提前，形容词最高级前的the、单数可数名词前的a/an要省略。(2)主谓结构的句子，谓语动词(原形)提前时，主语后要补出相应的助动词。
☛Shortest as he is, he is the cleverest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最聪明的。
☛Child as he is, he knows some of the family secrets. 尽管他还是个孩子，他却知道家里的一些秘密。 (注意child前无冠词)
4. so/such...that...句型中，so/such部分放在句首，该部分须采用部分倒装。
☛So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test. 形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。
☛In such a hurry did she leave that she forgot to lock the door. 她匆匆离去，以至于忘记了锁门。
5. 句子以were, had, should开头，省略if的虚拟条件句。
☛Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.如果没有他们帮助我们，我们不可能把那件事办得如此成功。
☛Should he come, say ＂Nobody in＂ to him. 万一他来了，对他说：＂公司没人。＂
☛Were I you, I would go with them. 我要是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。
6. only与副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时。
☛Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次之后，他才来参加会议。
☛Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有当病得很重时，他才卧床休息。
only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。
☛Only Mary knows the answer.只有玛丽知道答案。
7. 频度副词及短语，如：often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every other day等位于句首时。
☛Many a time has he given me good advice. 他多次给我好的建议。
☛Often have I seen these Young Pioneers do good deeds. 我经常看到这些少先队员做好事。
8. 表祝愿的句子常用倒装。
☛May our friendship last forever! 愿我们的友谊长存！
☛May your company become prosperous! 祝贵公司生意兴隆！
9. 某些感叹句也用倒装语序。
☛Isn’t it a beautiful garden! 多么美丽的花园啊！
☛Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him! 你见过哪个孩子像他这么调皮！
【巧学妙记】★部分倒装口诀：
副词开头要倒装，人称代词非如常；
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；
否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；
表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装；
such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装；
not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；
had, were, should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。

1.（2019﹒天津卷﹒单项填空）The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装， should do sth应该做某事，dare do sth敢于做某事，根据句意可知这里表示“应该”，故选A。
2. （2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省
略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该 生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
3. （2016•江苏）Not until recently________the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged
C.did they encourage D.they encouraged
【参考答案】C
【试题解析】考查时态和倒装。根据时间状语＂recently＂可知本句应用一般过去时。Not until+状语位于句 首,句子采用部分倒装的语序,因此本题选择C。

考向2 强调句


1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？
☞Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games will be held in London？
是在2012年第30届奥运会将在伦敦举行吗？
☞How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task？
你哥哥是怎样成功完成了那个困难的任务的？
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。
☞ It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
☞ It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
☞ It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 强调句型的时态
如果原句中谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时间范畴的时态(如：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
如果原句中谓语动词为过去时间范畴的时态(如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
☞ It is you that/who are to blame. 是你该受谴责。
☞ It was at the railway station that we first met 10 years ago. 我们10年前第一次相逢是在火车站。
4. 在强调句型中，强调原句中的主语时，that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中，若强调原句中的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
☞ The little boy has broken a beautiful jar. →It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
☞ They are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow. →It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
5. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为＂It is/was not until...that...＂在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。
☞ He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
☞ I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
6. 如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后，句意不完整。
☞ It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型）
☞ It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）
7. 使用强调句型的几个注意事项
(1)若被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
☞It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
☞It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。
☞It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
☞It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was...that/who...，其余的时态用It is...that/who...。
☞It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。

1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
2.（2017﹒天津卷）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where
C. which D. that
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连 词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。 故选D。


考向3 省略


为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。运用修辞手段的目的之一就是节约用词、避免重复。一般说来，只要不会损害结构或引起歧义，能省略的地方就应省略。省略的结果，不但使句子结构显得紧凑，而且句子中几个关键词的意义也更突显出来。
一、介词的省略
1．在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。
spend time/money(in)doing sth. have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.； prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.
☛We spends half an hour(in)doing some reading every day.
我们每天花半小时读书。
☛He has some trouble(in)learning English.
他学英语有困难。
☛What prevented you(from)going there?
什么事阻止了你去那里？
2．表示时间的介词at，on和in用在next，last，this，each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。
☛We have a final exam(in)every term.
每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。
二、使用so，not等的省略
英语中，当句中有think，believe，hope，expect，suppose，guess，afraid等词时可以使用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
☛—Do you think our team will win?你认为我们队会赢吗？
—I think so.我认为是这样。
☛—It is said that tomorrow is a fine day.据说明天天气很好。
—I hope so.我希望是真的。
三、简单句的省略
1．感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。
☛What a beautiful girl(she is)!(她是)多么漂亮的女孩呀！
2．疑问句的答语省略。
为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。
☛—Are you a student?你是一名学生吗？
—Yes，I am(a student)．是的，我是(一名学生)。
3．There be句型的省略。
☛ (Is there)Anything wrong?发生了什么事吗？
4．名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略名词。
☛I go to the supermarket instead of the butcher's(shop)to buy meat.
我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。
5．主语的省略
在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略。常见的为祈使句中的you和I，疑问句中的主语。
☛Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。(beg前省略了主语I)
☛Take care! 保重！(take前省略了主语you)
☛Looks as if it will rain.看起来象要下雨。(looks前省略了主语it)
6．谓语的省略
有些结构中为了避免与前面的谓语动词重复，常省略后面的谓语或谓语的一部分。
☛We'll do the best we can.我们将尽力而为。(can后面省略了动词do)
7．表语的省略
在有些句子中，为了避免与前面的表语重复，常省略后面的表语。
☛He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.
他还是像年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。(had been后面省略了a lover of sports)
8．宾语的省略
当同一主语的并列谓语不同时发生时，省略最后一个宾语以外的所有宾语。有些双宾语动词如ask，owe，pay，teach，tell，show等的直接或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个。
☛Let's do the dishes.I'll wash and you'll dry.
让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。(wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes)
四、比较结构的省略
在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
☛The sooner(you do it)，the better(it will be)．(你做得)越快，(结果就会)越好。
☛He is cleverer than any other boy(is)．他比其他男孩聪明。
☛The higher(you stand)，the farther(you can see)．站得高，看得远。
五、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
☛I am a teacher and my husband(is)a doctor.我是个老师，我丈夫是个医生。
☛The news made me angry，but(the news made)her happy.这条消息使我生气，但却让她高兴。
六、主从复合句中的省略
1. 宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。
☛I know(that)he is an actor and that he is a singer.
我知道他是一名演员，也是一位歌唱家。
2．表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主
语一致，或者主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
☛If(it is)necessary，I'll go with you.如果有必要的话，我和你一起去。
☛Be careful when(you are)crossing the street.过马路时要当心。
3．宾语从句中的省略。若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略；引导定语从
句的关系代词作主语时和后面的be动词同时省略。
☛The question(that/which)the teacher asked was very difficult.老师问的问题很难。
☛The boy(who is)standing by the door is my little brother.
站在门那儿的男孩是我弟弟。
☛The building(which/that is)being built is our library.
正在建的楼是我们的实验室。
七、动词不定式的省略
1. 在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。但不定式中的have
和be不能省略。
☛—Would you like to go with us? 你愿意和我们一起去吗？
—I'm glad to，but I have to finish my homework. 我很乐意去，但是我得完成作业。
☛She has succeeded in the final examination but in fact，she ought to have(succeeded in the final examination)．
她在期末考试中取得了成功，而实际上，她本就该获得成功。
☛He is a writer now as he used to be.他像从前一样还是一位作家。
2．在used to，ought to，have to，would like/love to，wish to，be going to等结构中，常常省略to后面的动
词原形。
☛I'll hand it in if I have to.如果必须要交的话，我会交上的。
3．感官动词和使役动词的后面作宾补的不定式要省略to；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
☛I saw him enter the classroom just now.
＝He was seen to enter the classroom just now.我刚才看见他走进了教室。
4．介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
☛All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。
八、虚拟语气中的省略
1．虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should提前，构成部分倒装。
☛Had you come here yesterday，you would have met him.
＝If you had come here yesterday，you would have met him.如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到他了。
2．动词advise，suggest(建议)，propose，demand，insist(坚持要求)，require，command，recommend，order
等后的宾语从句及It is...that...主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。
☛We insisted that he(should)go with us.我们坚持要求他和我们一起走。
☛It is necessary that a child(should)learn more words by heart.孩子有必要多记一些单词/字。
☛It is suggested that we(should)go to see the film.有人建议我们去看这部电影。

(2016·浙江) Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _______ since their
highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall
C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使 用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而且省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去 情况的虚拟。故选D。

考向4 祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句


一、祈使句
1. 祈使句的否定式和强调式
(1)祈使句的否定式是在整个结构前加don't或never。
☞Never come late.绝不要迟到。
☞Please don't forget to take your medicine.请别忘了吃药。
注意　
以let开头的祈使句的否定形式通常是在let's或let us/me后加not。
☞Let's not waste our time arguing about it！咱们别浪费时间争论此事了！
(2)祈使句的强调式是在整个结构之前加do。
☞Do give my regards to your parents！务必/一定代我向你父母问好！
2. 祈使句表假设的情况
祈使句常用于固定句式“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋一般将来时陈述句”，若前后表顺承关系，用and；若前后表转折关系，用or或otherwise，祈使句则相当于一个条件状语从句。
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝名词短语＋and＋陈述句＝if条件状语从句＋主句
☞Have a little patience and we'll look into it soon.
＝Just a little patience and we'll look into it soon.
＝If you have a little patience，we'll look into it soon.
耐心点，我们很快就会调查此事的。
(2)祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝if...not...＋主句
☞Work harder，or you'll fail.
＝If you don't work harder，you'll fail.
工作努力点，要不然你就会失败。

1. (2018·北京卷·单项填空) In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
2. Always _________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept C. keep D. have kept
【参考答案】C 　
【答案解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。
【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中：①＂祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句＂用来叙述肯定的条件；②＂祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句＂用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示＂否则＂；句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断，可以看出是考查祈使句。
二、感叹句
表示强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的句子叫感叹句，通常由what或how引导。
1. 基本形式
(1)What＋(a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
☞What a clever boy he is！多么聪明的男孩啊！
☞What terrible noise they are making！他们弄出多难听的声音啊！
☞What wonderful ideas you have！你们的想法真不错！
(2)How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语
☞How difficult a problem it is！它可真是个难题！
(3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
☞How clever the boy is！多么聪明的男孩啊！
2.其他形式的感叹句
(1)how直接修饰谓语动词：How＋主语＋谓语！
☞How (much) we love our motherland！我们多么热爱自己的祖国啊！
(2)常见的其他形式
☞How can you be so silly！你怎么这么傻！
☞The designs and the colours！多美的图案和色彩！
☞To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire！竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁！
☞Could one have believed it！谁能相信这个！
☞If only I'd known！我早知道就好了！
三、反意疑问句
反意疑问句又可叫做附加疑问句，由“陈述句＋反意问句”构成。反意问句的动词总是助动词、情态动词或be动词的某种形式，反意问句的主语用代词充当。基本原则是“前否后肯，前肯后否”。
1. 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
(1)陈述句部分谓语动词含有must时，must如表示“必须”，反意问句用mustn't，如表示“必要”，则用needn't；
如mustn't表示“不允许，禁止”，其反意问句部分用must或may。
☞You must get to school at 8 a．m.，mustn't you？你必须早上八点到学校，是吗？
☞We must start working right now，needn't we？我们立即开始工作了，是吗？
☞You mustn't smoke here，must/may you？你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？
(2)当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意问句部分根据must后的谓语动词形式及含义采用相应的动词形式。
☞You must be tired，aren't you？你一定很累，是吗？
☞He must have done it last night，didn't he？他一定是昨天晚上做的，是吗？
☞Tom must have been to Shanghai before，hasn't he？汤姆以前去过上海，是吗？
2. 陈述部分含有used to和ought to的反意疑问句
(1) 陈述部分谓语动词是used to时，用didn't或usedn't两种方式反问。
☞He used to go swimming in summer，didn't/usedn't he？他过去常常在夏天游泳，是吗？
(2) 陈述部分谓语动词是ought to时，用oughtn't或shouldn't反问。
☞He ought to be praised for what he has done，oughtn't/shouldn't he？
他应该为他所做的一切而受到表扬，是吗？
3. 当陈述部分有neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little，never，hardly，seldom等否定意义或半否定
意义的副词时，反意问句应用肯定形式。
☞Nobody understood his speech，did they？没有人听懂他的演讲，是吗？
☞His sister seldom argues with people，does she？他姐姐很少和人争论，是吗？
注意　
陈述部分出现含有否定意义的前缀或后缀的词时，反意问句仍用否定结构。
☞He is unfit for his job，isn't he？他不适合这份工作，对吗？
☞You dislike playing computer games，don't you？你不喜欢玩电脑游戏，是吗？
4. 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语与助动词应和主句保持一致。
☞He never said she would come，did he？他从未说过她要来，是吗？
注意　
①当陈述部分谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine且主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语
和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致，且应注意否定转移；但如果主语不是第一人称，反
意问句则与主句保持一致。
☞I don't believe he will succeed，will he？我认为他不会成功，他会吗？
☞We think they have finished their homework，haven't they？我们认为他们已完成了家庭作业，不是吗？
☞Mary thinks you will come to the party，doesn't she？玛丽认为你将来参加聚会，是吗？
②并列句的反意疑问句则根据最接近的分句来完成。
☞We forgot to bring our tickets，but please let us enter，will you？
我们忘了带票，请让我们进去，可以吗？
5. 陈述部分谓语动词是dare，need时，如果作情态动词，用dare，need本身反问；如果作实义动词，则用
do的适当形式反问。
☞You daren't climb the rock，dare you？你不敢爬上这块石头，是吗？
☞The little girl doesn't dare to go alone at night，does she？小女孩不敢走夜路，是吗？
☞We need to help them，don't we？我们需要帮助他们，是吗？
6. 陈述部分谓语动词have作“有”解时，可用don't或haven't反问；作其他意义解释时用do的某种形式
反问。
☞He hasn't any sisters，does/has he？他没有姐妹，是吗？
They have to receive strict training beforehand，don't they？他们不得不事先接受严格的训练，是吗？
7. 感叹句的反意疑问句
陈述部分是感叹句时，一律用be或助动词的否定形式反问。
☞What a naughty boy he is，isn't he？多调皮的男孩啊，不是吗？
☞How hard she works，doesn't she？她工作多么勤奋，不是吗？
8. 祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句的构成，必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分，有四种形式。
(1)祈使句的肯定形式，其反意问句表示“请求”时，通常用will you；表示“邀请，劝说”时，用won't you。
☞Be sure to write to us，will you？一定要给我们写信，好吗？(表示“请求”)
☞Come to have dinner with us this evening，won't you？今晚跟我们一起吃饭，好吗？(表示“邀请”)
☞Try to be back by two，won't you？设法两点之前回来，好吗？(表示“劝说”)
9. 反意疑问句的回答
反意疑问句的回答，不是根据汉语习惯来确定用yes还是no，而是根据答语的内容来确定，不管主句为否定，还是反意问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。要特别注意陈述部分是否定结构，反意问句部分用肯定形式时，回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是的”。
☞—He likes playing football，doesn't he？他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？
—Yes，he does.不，他喜欢。
—No，he doesn't.是的，他不喜欢。
☞—You haven't seen the film，have you？你没有看过这部电影，是吗？
—Yes，I have.不，我看过。
—No，I haven't.是的，我没有看过。
10. 陈述部分主语和反意问句主语的对应关系
在反意问句中，代词用人称代词I，we，you，he，she，it或they，谓语动词用助动词、情态动词或be动词。
☞You wouldn't like to take these pills, would you? 你不想吃这些药，是吗？
☞His father can't name the plant, can he? 他父亲叫不出这种植物的名字，是吗？
☞You like traveling, don't you? 你喜欢旅游，是吗？
☞This is very important, isn't it? 这非常重要，是吗？

检测训练



题组一 基础过关
Ⅰ. 单句改错
1. In no way he will give up his dream until he succeeds at last.

2. It is the best play I have ever seen, and never before had I seen a film of so high quality.

3. West of our city lie a very old temple with a very touching story.

4. Not only I am interested in fishing, but I become a member of a club to improve my skills.

5. Not until I went through his paper I found what rapid progress he had made in writing.

【答案】
1. he will→will he 2. had→have
3. lie→lies 4. I am→am I
5. I found→did I find
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. My parents lent me the money. If they hadn't done that, I couldn't have afforded the trip.
My parents lent me the money. ________， I couldn't have afforded the trip.
2. I didn't say hello to the boy until he greeted me first.
Not until he greeted me first ________ ________ ________ hello to the boy.
3. Unless we are permitted, we'd better not tell others about that.
________ ________， we'd better not tell others about that.
4. The villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before in that lake.
It was ________ ________ ________ ________ the villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before.
5. Work hard and you'll pass the final exam.
You will fail the final exam ________ ________ ________ ________.
6. The answers the students gave were quite puzzling.
________ ________ the answers the students gave were！
7. He speaks French fluently, and his wife also speaks French fluently.
He speaks French fluently, ________ ________ his wife.
8. He was determined to study abroad, no matter what the cost was.
He was determined to study abroad, ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】
1. Otherwise 2. did I say
3. Unless permitted 4. in that lake that
5. unless you work hard 6. How puzzling
7. so does 8. whatever the cost was

题组二 真题在线
1.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
2.（2016﹒天津卷）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which
C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+ 强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故 选D。
2.（2016·浙江）—The movie starts at 8:30,and we can have a quick bite before we go.
—_________.See you at 8:10
A. So long B. Sounds great
C. Good luck D. Have a good time
【答案】B
【解析】句意：＂电影在八点半开始，我们走之前可以迅速吃点东西。＂＂听起来很棒。8点10分见。＂sound great实际上是省略句，完整的句子是The idea sounds great.和上文提出的建议吻合。故选B。
3.（2015·湖南卷）It was when we were returning home __________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that
C. where D. how
【答案】B
【解析】句意：正是在我回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是多么令人愉悦。此句是It was...开头且去掉It was和空格后，when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一个完整意义上的句子，故判断此句是一个强调句，强调when we were returning home；强调句常用句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)...。故选B
4.（2015·重庆卷）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century __________ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while B. though
C. that D. after
【答案】C
【解析】句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。这里是对not...until结构的 强调，结构为It is/was not until...that...，故选C项。
5.（2015•天津）Only when Lily walked into the office________that she had left the contract at home.
A.she realized B.has she realized
C.she has realized D.did she realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意:直到Lily走进办公室,她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。＂Only+状语从句/介词短语/副词＂ 作状语放在句首时,主句多用部分倒装;由宾语从句中的过去完成时可知,主 句应用一般过去时。
6.（2015·湖南）Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover
C. I discovered D. discovered
【答案】B
【解析】副词only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要 进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句， 该状语从句不倒装， 只对主句进行倒装。此 题中only作为副词放在句首修饰时间状语after talking to two student，所以主句要进行部分倒装。部分 倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词， 则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。句意：在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有 强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。故选B。
7.（2015·江苏）It is so cold that you can’t go outside _____ fully covered in thick clothes.
A. if B. unless
C. once D. when
【答案】B
【解析】句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。unless fully covered为＂连词+省 略结构＂，补充完整为unless you are。故选B。
8. (2015·北京) If ________for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept
C. accepting D. accepted
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构 成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。
题组三 名校模拟
I. 单项填空
1．— The authority concerned must have taken stricter measures to ensure traffic safety next year, ________it?
—Yes, definitely.
A. didn’t B. mustn’t C. hasn’t D. won’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：——有关权威人士肯定采取了更加严厉的措施来确保明年的交通安全，是不是？——是的，当然。must+have+过去分词表示对过去动作的肯定性推测，表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续到现在（一般没有明确的过去时间状语）, 反意疑问句附加部分用“haven't/hasn't---?，由主语it是第三人称单数可推断。故选C。
2．It was the first time ______ I ______ face to face with the president.
A. when; had come B. that; have come
C. when; came D. that; had come
【答案】D
【解析】考查强调句型和时态。句意为：这是我第一次和总统面对面。此处为强调句型，其基本结构为：it+be+被强调部分+that+其余部分，由前面的“was the first time”判断此处用过去完成时。
3．It was in 1969 ______ two Americans went to the moon by spaceship.
A. when B. that
C. at that time D. just then
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句型。句意为：两个美国人是在1969年乘坐宇宙飞船登上月球的。此处为强调句型，其基本结构为：it+be+被强调部分+that+其余部分。
4．When you meet danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at you back ______ a strong
motherland.
A. does stand B. stands
C.is standing D.is stood
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装句。句意为：当你在外国遇到危险时，请记住在你的身后有一个强大的祖国做后盾。介词短语作地点状语位于句首，且谓语动词为stand，sit，lie，come，walk等，采用完全倒装语序。
5．We were walking quickly because she just wanted to get home, and .
A.so did I B.so I did
C.I did so D. did I so
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。句意为：我们走得快是因为她想快点到家，我也是。so+助动词/be动词+主语表示第一个人的情况也适用于第二个人。
6．Just as Oprah Winfrey puts it, _____thankful for what you have and you’ll end up having more.
A.be B. being
C.to be D. having been
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：正如Oprah Winfrey所说的那样，对你所拥有的心存感激，最后你将会拥有得更多。祈使句+and+陈述句意为“……，你将会……”，表示一种正面的结果。
7．Only when _________hard __________ make your dream come true.
A.do you work; you can B. you work; you can
C.do you work; can you D. you work; can you
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：只有你努力工作，你的梦想才能实现。“only +状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装；但修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。“your dream come true”表示可能性，故用情态动词can。故选D。
8．Try ______she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. if B. when C. since D. as
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词。本句运用了让步状语从句的倒装句。句意：尽管她努力（去开门），但是还是打不开。as引导让步状语从句时意为“虽然”，要求从句使用形式倒装，即从句中表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。此题空格前为动词原形Try，从结构和意义上as都符合。故选D。
9．Not until one of my classmates patted me on the shoulder 　　　to myself.
A.I came B. did I come
C. had I come D. I had come
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装和时态。句意:直到我一个同学拍了一下我的肩膀,我才回过神来。根据句意及句中的"patted "可知,空处也应用一般过去时;又not until位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装。故选B项。
10．The old president of that company must have donated most of his money to the charity and those in
need, 　　　　?
A. didn’t he B. doesn’t he
C. hasn’t he D. mustn’t he
【答案】C
【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:那个公司年迈的董事长肯定把他大部分的钱捐献给了慈善机构和那些贫困的人,不是吗?当must用来表示对过去情况进行推测(must have done)时,如果强调动作的完成(此时句中一般没有表示过去的时间状语),反意疑问句部分用"haven’t/hasn’t+主语"。
II. 短文改错
Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit, tried to call a taxi. But no luck.
Then I thought of the taxi-booking app my friend has recommended and I booked a taxi through my cellphone. Soon it came, and I got in the car, feeling pretty proudly of my high-tech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app. So later, I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking his cellphone to get the next order. It was just then when I began to worry about my safety. What’s bad, the driver’s informations might be unreliable. How can we passengers’ legal rights be protecting if something bad happens? So be careful when you use the taxi-booking app the next time.
【答案】
Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit, to call a taxi. But no luck.
Then I thought of the taxi-booking app my friend  recommended and I booked a taxi through my cellphone. Soon it came, and I got in the car, feeling pretty  of my high-tech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app.  later,I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking ∧⑤at his cellphone to get the next order. It was just then  I began to worry about my safety. What’s , the driver’s  might be unreliable. How can we passengers’ legal rights be  if something bad happens? So be careful when you use the taxi-booking app the⑩next time.
【解析】
第一处：考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用现在分词作伴随状语。
第二处：考查时态。根据语境可知,"想起"这一动作发生在过去,"推荐"这一动作发生在"想起"这一动作之前,即过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
第三处：考查形容词。系动词feel后应跟形容词proud与satisfied并列作表语。
第四处：考查连词。此句的upset"不高兴,失望"与前句的proud"骄傲的"和satisfied"满意的"构成转折关系,故用表示转折的连词。
第五处：考查动词短语。look是不及物动词,表示"看……"时需要加上介词at,才可接宾语。
第六处：考查特殊句式。根据句意"正是在那个时候我才开始担心自己的安全"可知,此处为强调句式:It was... that...。
第七处：考查形容词比较等级。what’s worse意为"更糟糕的是",表示递进关系。
第八处：考查名词。information意为"信息",是不可数名词。
第九处：考查语态。根据句意"如果发生了什么糟糕的事情,我们乘客的合法权利怎样才能得到保护呢?"可知此处应用被动语态。
第十处：考查冠词。next后跟Monday, week, summer, year, time作时间状语表将来时,其前不加冠词。此处表示从现在看来的"下一次"。