热点05 名词性从句引导词对比与特殊用法-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练

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十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
热点05 名词性从句引导词对比与特殊用法

1.(2013﹒北京)Experts believe _____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A. why B. where C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，结构完整，不缺少成分，故选用that。why作原因状语；where做地点状语；what作主语或宾语。
2.(2013﹒湖南)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _______ close you may be to victory.
A. how B. that C. which D. where
【答案】A
【解析】动词tell之后为宾语从句，宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，修饰形容词close用how，故选A。that, which和where都不能引导感叹句。
3.(2013﹒江西)_______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意， whichever“无论哪一个”，作定语，修饰one，故选C。Whoever作主语；Whatever指物，不符合题意；Wherever指地点，作地点状语，也不符合语境。句意为无论你们当中哪个人弄坏窗子都必须赔偿。
4.(2013﹒山东)It’s good to know______ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中意思完整，也不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。what作主语或宾语；whose作定语；which作定语，后面一般接of结构。句意为知道当我们外出时这这些狗狗将会得到精心的护理是一件好事。
5.(2013﹒陕西)It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【答案】D
【解析】it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。从句中结构完整，因此排除代词B和C两项；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，排除表陈述的that，选用whether“是否”。
6. (2013﹒四川)______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A. When B. How C. What D. That[
【答案】C
【解析】此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，只能做状语，不能作主干成分。
7. (2013﹒天津) I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What
【答案】D
【解析】主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether只起引导作用，均不做成分。
8.(2013﹒新课标卷I)Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A. which B. where C. how D. what
【答案】D
【解析】动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。Which表示在确定范围里的选择；where和how只能作状语。
9.(2013﹒浙江)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，that表示陈述一个事实，所以答案B正确。how如何；which哪一个；whether是否；均不符合语境。
10. (2013﹒重庆)______struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
A. That B. It C. What D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】主句谓语动词was之前为；主语从句中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what；that表陈述，不做成分；which表示在确定范围内进行选择，译为“哪一个”。句意为这部电影让我最感动的地方就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。
11. (2013﹒安徽)From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how C. because D. whether[
【答案】C
【解析】is后面为表语从句。前面是结果，后面是原因，所C正确。why，how和whether均不符合语境。
12. (2014﹒北京)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
A.where B.when
C.how D.why
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干前半部分中的moment一词推断，后面应该说的是“……的时候”，所以本题选B。
13.(2014﹒北京)Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A.whatever B.whenever
C.wherever D.however
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：一些人相信过去发生或现在正发生的事情，将来仍然会重复。宾语从句中缺少主语，并且指的是事件，所以选A。
14.(2014﹒大纲卷)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why
C. when D. how
【答案】C
【解析】句意：准确地说，土豆是什么时候被引进欧洲的还不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
15.(2014﹒福建)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.
A.that B.what
C.how D.whether
【答案】B
【解析】句意：振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕去做的事。分析句子结构可知，此处doing后接宾语从句，而从句中do的后面缺少宾语，故选择B项。
16.(2014﹒湖南)As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. which B. that
C. what D. where
【答案】C
【解析】句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说的那样，生活就是当你忙于制订其他计划时所发生在你身上的事情。引导词既要引导表语从句，又要在从句中作主语。故用what。
17.(2014﹒江苏)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, Mum. I am ________ you have made me.
A.how B.what
C.that D.who
【答案】B
【解析】句意：“多么混乱啊！你总是这么懒！”“我不应当受到责备，妈妈，都是你让我变成这个样子的。”分析句子结构后可知，“________ you have made me”是表语从句，从句中make缺少间接宾语，故用what引导。
18.(2014﹒山东)It is difficult for us to imagine________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A.where B.what
C.which D.why
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world是宾语从句，作imagine的宾语，在宾语从句中，like后缺少成分，故用what。
19.(2015﹒湖南)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what B. that C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:根据分析可知: You have to know..后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有: who, whom. whose. which. what在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语，连接副词有:when. where. why, how,在句中担任状语的成分。You're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是一个完整的句子，所以应该用连接副词来引导从句。句意:如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C
20.(2015﹒北京)I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。
21.(2015﹒福建)—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A. where B. how C. why D. If
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C
22.(2016﹒天津﹒T11) The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:经理提出-一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导, that 不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。故选B.
23.(2017﹒北京)Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。_____ makes the most beautiful kite是主语从句，根据意思可知答案。
24.(2018﹒天津) The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever
C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
25. (2019﹒新课标I卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
26. (2020﹒天津)The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
27.（2021·天津）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A．when B．where C．what D．whether
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。
28. (2019﹒新课标I卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
29. （2019·北京卷·语法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【参考答案】where
【试题解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
30.（2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【参考答案】where改为when　
【答案解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。
31.（2018· 全国新课标卷III· 语法填空）I’m not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.
【参考答案】which/who　
【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which或者who＂
32.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。

一、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有：
（1）引导词：
从属连词 that, whether；
连接代词 who, what, which；
whoever, whatever, whichever;
连接副词 when, where, how和why。
（2）语序：陈述句语序
（3）在主语从句中只能用whether，不能用if
That he will win the match is certain.
It is certain that he will win the match.
1. 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免"头重脚轻"，常用it作形式主语，从而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
①It is＋形容词＋that...
☞It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
②It is＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，common knowledge，a surprise，
a fact，etc. )＋that...
☞It’s a pity that we can’t go.
很遗憾我们不能去。
③It is＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc. )＋that...
☞It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
④It appears/seems that...|It happens that...|It occurred to me that...|It turned out that...
☞It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn’t matter that...|It makes no difference that...
☞It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
她是否来这无关紧要。
2. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
☞Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow？
他们明天不来很要紧吗？
3. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
☞How strange it is that the children are so quiet！
孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
二、 表语从句
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
一、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
☞China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
☞The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。
☞At that time，it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2. 从属连词whether，as，as if / though引导的表语从句。
☞He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
☞It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
3. because，why引导的表语从句。
☞That’s because he didn’t understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。（That’s because…强调原因）
☞That’s why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。（That’s why…强调结果）
4. 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词 where，when，how，why
☞The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
☞The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
☞That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
5. 从属连词that
☞The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
【归纳拓展】
学习表语从句应该注意以下几点。
(1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。
①句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句采用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
☞The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
②句子的主语为the result时，表语从句采用that引导。
☞The result is that many of them become fat.
结果是他们中许多人发胖了。
③由why引导的从句作主语时。
☞Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。
(2)as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语
气，也可采用直陈语气。
①It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
②She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。
三、 宾语从句
【难点梳理】
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：
连接词：that，whether，if等
连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等
连接副词：when，where，why，how等
1. 连接词that，whether，if引导
☞I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
☞I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
注意：
whether/if都意为＂是否＂。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。
（1）与or not紧接连用时。
☞Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。
（2）作介词的宾语从句时。
☞We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导
☞She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。
☞I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导
☞Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?
你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?
☞I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。
4. 宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
☞He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
☞Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
5. 宾语从句的时态
（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
☞She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
☞she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
☞She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.
她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。
☞He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
☞He said that he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
☞He said that they were having a meeting at that time.
他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
☞The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。
☞He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。
注意：学习宾语从句应该注意以下几点。
(1)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略，但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有
第一个that可以省略。
☞Glancing at her scornfully, he told her(that) the dress was sold.
他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖了。
☞The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
老师说课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
(2)表示＂心理活动＂的形容词：afraid，anxious，aware，ashamed，annoyed，certain，confident，content，
convinced，determined，disappointed，glad，happy，proud，pleased，sure，surprised，satisfied，thankful，
worried等可以后接宾语从句。
☞He was afraid that he would lose. 他担心会输。
☞I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。
(3)若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后宾语从
句若含有否定意义，一般把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式，这种现象称为＂否定转移＂
现象(此时主语往往为第一人称，偶尔为第三人称；否定词never，seldom，hardly，little无此用法)。
☞I don’t think his decision is wise in reality. 实际上，我觉得他的决定并不明智。
☞I don’t believe that he is a dishonest man. 我认为他是个诚实的人。
(4)在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及I’m afraid之后，可以采用so代替一个肯
定的宾语从句，也可以采用not代替否定的宾语从句。
☞—Do you believe the news stories？＂你相信这个新闻故事吗？＂
—I believe so. ＂我相信。＂
☞—Has Anne got into university？＂安妮上大学了吗？＂
—I am afraid not. ＂恐怕是没有。＂
四、同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。
1. 同位语从句的引导词选择原则
that
只起连词作用，无任何含义，一般不省略
whether
是否
when
什么时候
where
什么地点
how
什么方式
☞The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他不是没有恢复的希望。
☞The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。
2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况
（1）当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
☞The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
故事是这样的：威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
（2）表示＂命令、建议、要求＂的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即＂should＋动词原形＂，should可省略。
☞The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.
每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别

同位语从句
定语从句
功能不同
对名词加以补充说明
与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用
that
不作成分；起连接作用，不可省略
作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略
whether/how
不作成分；起连接作用＂是否＂；＂如何＂
不引导定语从句
wh­words
作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词之间无关
作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分
☞The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句，that不可省略)
☞The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)
附：名词性从句考点归纳
1. 名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。
①I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
②She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
2. it充当形式主语或宾语：
在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。
①It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
②I find it strange that she doesn’t want to travel. 她竟不想旅游，我觉得很奇怪。
3. 在名词性从句中 that与what的差异：
what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，在任何情况下都不能省略，表示＂(＝the thing or things that...；whatever)……的事物；无论什么；凡是……的事物＂。that本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，宾语从句中的that常常省略。
①What you have done might do harm to others. 你所做的事或许对别人有害处。
②I spent what little time I had with my family. 我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。
③No one knows what will happen next. 谁也不知道下一步有什么事。
④I think(that) you will like the stamps. 我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。
4. whether和if的差异：
（1）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能采用whether。
☞Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
（2）介词宾语只用whether引导。
☞He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling.
他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。
（3）当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if替换。
☞Whether he will come or not, I am not sure. 我无法确认他是否会来。
（4）whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or not。
☞I don’t know whether or not he’ll come. 我不知道他是来还是不来。
（5）后接动词不定式时只能用whether。
☞Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？你能否告诉我是去还是留？
（6）动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。
☞We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。
5. 宾语从句和主句的时态呼应：
（1）当主句谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。
☞Will you tell me how I can keep fit？能告诉我如何保持健康吗？
（2）当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，为保持时态一致，宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。
☞Jack told me that he had been there twice. 杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。
（3）当主句谓语为过去时态时，宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事物、格言时，仍然采用一般现在时。
☞Long ago, people knew that there are four seasons in a year.
很久以前，人们就知道一年有四个季节。
6. 连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句的含义：
（1）whoever的用法：
①(＝the person or people who...)……的那个人
☞Whoever said that？到底谁讲的这话？
②(＝any person who...)……的任何一个人
☞Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me.
你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁——对我来说都无所谓。
（2）whatever的用法：
①(＝any or every)任何；每一
☞Take whatever action is needed. 采取任何必要的措施。
②(＝anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物
☞You must do whatever is best for you. 什么对你最有利你就得做什么。
③(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么
☞You have our support, whatever you decide. 不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。
（3）whichever的用法：
①(表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)……的那个；……的那些
☞Take whichever hat suits you best. 挑个最适合你戴的帽子。
②无论哪个；无论哪些
☞Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。
7. 虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用：
（1）主语从句
☞It is necessary that he(should)come to see us. 他有必要来看望我们。
（2）宾语从句
☞The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest. 老师建议我们休息一会儿。
（3）表语从句
☞My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English.
我的建议是我们应该阅读英文报纸来提高我们的英语水平。
8. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都用连词that，被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
①It’s a pity that he missed the opportunity to travel abroad.
他错过了去国外旅游的机会，真是可惜。
②Who was it that won the World Cup in 2014？谁赢得了2014年的世界杯？

一、单项选择
1．___________ worried the agent most was ____________let out the secret.
A．What, that B．What, who C．That, who D．It, who
2．Whatever you decide to do in the way of part-time or vacation work while you’re at college, make sure that you take the following issues into consideration before taking action. 包含几个从句?
A．One B．Two C．Three. D．Four
3．My cellphone, ________ I couldn’t contact my parents, was taken away by my teacher for the reason ________ I had used it in my English class.
A．which, why B．with which, that C．without which, why D．without which, that
4．My experience tells me that it’s not _______ you are given but how you make use of it _______determines who you are.
A．which; what B．what; that C．that; which D．what; which
5．___________ our manager suddenly fell at this key moment made all of us very worried if we could finish the task satisfactorily.
A．What B．That C．Why D．Whether
6．While I thought I was careful enough, my wife was always complaining that I was driving at ________she thought was a dangerous speed.
A．which B．what C．it D．one
7．My family think they know a lot about me but I turn out to be a little different from________ they think.
A．what B．that C．which D．how
8．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________she was heading.
A．why B．where C．how D．when
9．It is reported that a new school has been built in________ was a deserted village a few decades ago.
A．which B．what C．that D．where
10．The great woman has achieved _______ she wanted to do in the past few decades.
A．that B．what C．how D．whom
11．The reason________he didn’t show up at the party is________he was ill.
A．why; that B．that; because C．why; because D．which; for
12．The worsening living conditions on the Carteret Islands finally resulted in________we called the relocation of all the islanders, from________arose the problem of losing their traditions and celebrations.
A．which; what B．which; which C．what; that D．what; which
13．Over the years I’ve been trying to figure out________prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.
A．what it is that B．that it is what
C．it is what D．what is it that
14．________was beyond their expectation was that they finally reached a place________sold drinks and other small articles.
A．It; which B．It; where C．What; which D．What; where
15．They had a traffic jam on their way to school and ______ made matters worse was ______ it began to rain.
A．what, / B．it, / C．what, that D．it, that
16．--- News came ________ the film directed by Peter won an award.
--- When was that?
--- It was 2018 ________ he was still in college.
A．when; that B．that; that
C．that; which D．that; when
17．I still remember the story, believe it or not, ______ we got lost on a rainy night.
A．which B．that C．what D．when
18．______ the little boy came to Zhuhai alone yesterday remains a mystery.
A．How B．When C．That D．If
19．He often asked me the question ______ we would start our project.
A．that B．when C．which D．what
20．The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best transport in the 21st century.
A．which B．that C．what D．who
21．The problem was ________ they could find something in common between them.
A．whether B．if C．that D．what
22．It was until late afternoon he was figuring out he considered was a wise way to fight against it.
A．when; what                        B．that; that                        C．that; what                        D．when; that
23．These days, teachers have been sparing no efforts to create they hope will be the best means to improve the efficiency of online teaching, some students don’t notice or care about, though.
A．that, which B．what, which C．which, what D．what, that
24． It is suggested at the end of the passage the things we buy often affect many people’s lives around the world.
A．that, what B．which, / C．that, / D．what, that
25．It’s true ______ inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
A．how B．why C．that D．what
26．Don’t take it seriously. He just said ______ came into his mind.
A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever
27．________ they need is a fast Internet connection ________ can be trusted.
A．What; that B．All what; that C．All that; what D．That; what
28．How long do you think ________ the computer company brings a new product?
A．it will be before B．will it be until C．will it be when D．it will be that
29．________ the doctor suggested is good for our health.
A．That B．How C．What D．When
30．________ I want to share with you is the respect I have for my teachers.
A．That B．Which C．Whether D．What
二、完形填空
While waiting to pick up a friend at the airport in Portland. I had one of those life-changing experiences. This one ___31___ a mere two feet away from me.
Looking for my friend among the ___32___, I noticed a man coming toward me carrying two light bags. He stopped right next to me to ___33___ his wife.
First he ___34___ his bags and ___35___ his wife to give her a long hug I ever remember seeing. He stared into her eyes for several ___36___, saying. “I love you so much!” They stared at each other’s eyes, smiling big smiles at one another, while holding both ___37___.
I asked him how long they had been ___38___ and when he left. He ___39___ that they had been married for twelve years and he just left two days ago. I was ____40____. By their greeting, I had thought he’d been gone for at least several weeks. I know my ____41____ gave me away.
“I ____42____ my marriage is still that new after twelve years!” I ____43____ to myself. Hearing my words, he looked me straight in the eye, and with forcefulness that was burned right into my soul, he told me something that left me a ____44____ person. He told me. “Don’ hope, friend, ____45____”
31．A．landed B．slopped C．occurred D．ended
32．A．artists B．passengers C．assistants D．pilots
33．A．greet B．blame C．comfort D．motivate
34．A．put back B．put up C．put off D．put down
35．A．slapped B．waved C．tricked D．approached
36．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．days
37．A．bags B．hands C．manuals D．sculptures
38．A．engaged B．married C．involved D．dominated
39．A．commented B．admitted C．denied D．replied
40．A．astonished B．pleased C．annoyed D．frightened
41．A．impression B．anxiety C．expression D．personality
42．A．hope B．request C．limey D．prefer
43．A．thought B．whispered C．turned D．came
44．A．different B．generous C．cool D．stubborn
45．A．predict B．estimate C．decide D．assess
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a determination ____46____ (help) people. As a small boy, he became very interested in ____47____ (medical) and decided to become a doctor. After he graduated from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked ____48____ a doctor in England, the US, and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make ____49____ (it) more useful. After ____50____ (hear) that many people were dying in the war, Bethune left for China in 1938. Despite the difficult situation, Dr. Bethune did ____51____ he could to assist the Chinese people. He helped to organise hospitals, ____52____ (teach) doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. ____53____ (sad), Dr. Bethune passed away in November the next year and ____54____ (bury) in Shijiazhuang. After Dr. Bethune's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote _____55_____ article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr.Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peking opera is one of the five major traditional operas in China. Its vocal tones are ____56____ (main) composed of Xipi and Erhuang, to the music played by such instruments as huqin, gong, and drum. Peking opera is the dominant form of Chinese opera, ____57____ (combine) music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics.
Peking opera grew out of Huiju opera, ____58____ was a folk opera originally popular in the regions south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the early Qing Dynasty. Due ____59____ the strong mobility(流动性)of Huiju troupes, performers were exposed to frequent contact with other ____60____（type）of drama, incorporating(吸收)different regional musical systems and tunes.
In 1790, to celebrate the ____61____ (eighty) birthday of the Qianlong Emperor, the Four Great Anhui Troupes brought Huiju opera to Beijing to join the celebration. ____62____ (they) performances soon found an audience, marking the beginning of the more than 20 years of history of Peking opera.
Peking opera is a fusion of some older operatic forms. From 1840 to 1860, it finally ____63____ (become) a mixture of elements of Qinqiang opera, Hanju opera, certain strengths of Kunqu opera, and local tunes of Beijing. ____64____ new form then began to create its own innovations. For example, melodies(曲调)_____65_____（simplify）and were played with different traditional instruments than those used in earlier forms.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is Alaska’s annual sporting event. The race starts in Anchorage and finishes about 1800km later in Nome, ____66____ is a small village on the west coast.
In the late 1800s, gold was discovered in many places throughout Alaska. And Iditarod became the ____67____ (large) place in Alaska with over 10,000 people calling it home. During the summer, the mail, people , and supplies were brought to Iditarod on boats. However, in the winter the rivers were covered with thick ice , and as ____68____ result, the only way in or out was by dog sled(雪橇).
The need for a winter transport link to and from Iditarod and the ____69____ (distance) goldfields meant that the dog sled trails(路线) were very important. They were ____70____ (careful) mapped and maintained. However, by the 1930s, these trails had fallen out of use as specially designed planes started supplying the remote settlements.
That’s when a local woman decided ____71____ (raise) awareness about the Iditarod trail and its____72____ (important) to Alaska’s history. In 1967, she ____73____ (organize) a short race of about 40 km around the Anchorage area. After that, the race was gradually extended to the full 1800 km.
During the race, mushers(赶狗拉雪橇的人)and their teams of dogs have to brave freezing temperatures, terrible storms, and even dangerous wild animals. An average team will take twelve days to complete the race. These hardships are tough for both mushers ____74____ dogs , but they are one of the ____75____ (reason) why the Iditarod is so famous.
4
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 70-year-old woman wins hearts with her ___76___(energy) workouts on Douyin, He Qi reports in Shanghai.
Videos on the social networking platform Douyin-also ___77___(know) globally as Tik-Tok-that show men and women with perfect physiques working out or providing fitness tips are common- place.
___78___(try) to stand out from the crowd amid a flood of such videos can often be diff- cult. But a relatively new account, which ___79___(be) active since last year, has managed to do so easily. The fitness ___80___(instruct) behind this account is not a young woman with a slim, toned figure that would leave viewers green ___81___envy.
The star here is 70-year-old Chen Jifang, ___82___Shanghai resident with 3 million likes on her Douyin videos. She was once even featured on a reality show on China Central Television. According to her trainer, ___83___helped to manage the Douyin account, Chen attracted more than 400, 000 followers within just a few ___84___(month) .
“The main group that I wanted to encourage was people at ages 30 to 50, ”says Chen. “I think they will be motivated to work out in the gym after seeing that a granny like me can. The message I want to convey is that it is never too late ___85___(pursue) good health. ”
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阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。
Have you ever heard of the largest and most beautiful salt lake in China? If the answer is no, you can take ____86____ trip to Qinghai Lake and this is your answer.
Qinghai Lake is ____87____ (sure) the largest lake in China which stretches 105 km at length and 63 km at width and ____88____ (occupy) a surface area of over 4, 500 square kilometers. At 3, 200 meter above the sea level and owning an average ____89____ (deep) of 21 meter, its waters are profoundly cold and ____90____ (salt).
The lake ____91____ (become)a tourist destination popular for biking and bird watching in recent years. Major attractions around it are Bird Island ____92____ many species of birds come to nest or rest during their transcontinental migrations. The government has set up special department ____93____ (study) and protect these birds.
These lakes, ____94____ (combine) with characteristic islands, vast grasslands, snowy mountains and spectacular dessert in and around Qinghai Lake make up an attractive Qinghai Lake Scenic Area. _____95_____ so much to admire, Qinghai Lake was evaluated as the Most Beautiful Lake in China by China’s National Geographic.