资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩17页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：2013—2022十年高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
热点02 动词搭配及词形转换-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
展开
这是一份热点02 动词搭配及词形转换-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练，文件包含热点02动词搭配及词形转换解析版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx、热点02动词搭配及词形转换原卷版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共58页， 欢迎下载使用。
十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
热点02 动词搭配及词形转换
1.（2021·天津）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
2.（2021·天津）I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A．made up for B．run out of
C．kept away from D．got down to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
3.(2010﹒全国卷I)The workers ______ the glasses and marked on each box “ This Side Up”
A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed
【答案】D
【解析】句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上 “此面向上”。 选项为四个意思上毫无关联的动词, 此题考查动词的词义辨析。carry 译为搬运, deliver译为递送, press译为按, 压, pack译为打包。
4.(2010﹒全国卷II)My mother opened drawer to _________the knives and spoons.
A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together
【答案】A
【解析】put away 放好, 收拾起来；put up举起, 搭建, 张贴, 挂起；put on 穿上, 戴上；put together 组装, 装配, 把…凑合起来
4.(2017﹒天津)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _________, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
5.(2018﹒天津) At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】句意:起初,罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水,但最终他让步了,因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in “屈服,让步”; B. dressed up "打扮”; C. broke in“闯入,打断”; D. turned up“出现"。根据转折词but及原因as she was so .confident about her skills.可知,最终他让步了。故选A。
6.(2018﹒江苏) Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。
7.(2019﹒天津)Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
8.(2020﹒江苏)The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
9.(2020﹒天津)I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A. drank a toast to B. played a joke on
C. kept an eye on D. made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会”照看”我的儿子，所以”我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
10.(2020﹒天津)We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A take up B. carry out C. keep on D. put off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据； B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据”the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能”推迟”买打印机。故选D。
11.(2015﹒湖北)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项“遗漏，省略”；B项“违背，和……作对”；C项“在于”；D项“编造，组成，化妆，和好”。故选C项。
12.(2015﹒湖北)Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A项“突出”；B项“结束，解散，分手”；C项“出去，出版，被泄露”；D项“出现，露面”。故选D项。
13.(2015﹒江苏)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.
A. Accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速,加快”B项“改善，提高”C项“表现”D项“发展”。故选D项。
14.(2016﹒江苏)Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A.fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。
15. (2016﹒江苏)Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage ofD. give rise to
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
16. (2016﹒天津)I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析： 句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take advantage of，意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。
17.(2016﹒浙江) When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。
18.(2017﹒江苏)Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版； C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
19.（2018· 江苏卷· 完形填空）Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong
investment. Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers’ fees.
A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. drawn up起草；B. used up用光；C. backed up拥堵；D. kept up保持。根据后面的to pay lawyers’ fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
20.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________
as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
21.（2017· 江苏卷· 完形填空）In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36（struggling） across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38（before） anyone else had to be there.
A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。根据＂ 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else＂可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn up在＂出现＂，符合语境。
22.（2018· 新课标I卷·完形填空）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars?
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
41.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出； jumped at急于接收；tried out尝试；turned down拒绝。故选B。
42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱； save节省；pay付钱。故选C。
一、同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。
1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有：
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠，分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃，跑开 go away 走开
2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有：
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算，为……计划hope for希望，期待 ask for索取，寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还，赔偿
3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：
try on试穿，试验 put on穿上，上演 have on穿着，戴着
pull on穿，戴 hold on不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on继续开展，坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上（车）
4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查，复习
get over克服，恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受，接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有：
bring up抚育，培养 call up召唤，打电话给 come up走上前来，长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃；go up 上升，增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬，向上看，查寻 make up虚构，弥补，组成
put up举起，搭建 set up建立，创（纪录） pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露，露面 turn up出现，把……调高一点
6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：
come out出来 go out出去，熄灭 look out留神，当心
walk out走出 set out出发，开始 put out扑灭，生产
give out发出，发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出，发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产，结果是
get out出去，离开 carry out实行，执行 work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发，动身。
二、常见同根动词短语辨析
1. bring
bring in引进，挣得 bring about引起，导致
bring up养育，培养，呕吐，提出 bring out使展现，推出（书等）
bring down降低，使倒下 bring back把……带回来，使忆起
bring forth结果，生产，产生 bring forward提出，提前
bring off圆满完成（困难之事）
2．break
break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解 break up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止
break through逾越，突破，冲破 break away（from）挣脱，脱离
break out爆发 break in破门而入
break into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰 break off折断，中断
3．come
come about发生 come out结果出来，出版，开花
come across偶遇，被理解 come true变为现实
come up走上前，被提出，走近 come along一起来
come up with产生，发现（解决办法等）
4．give
give up放弃 give in屈服，呈交
give out 用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表
give off发出 give away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠
5．go
go against违背，与……不符，对……不利 go without勉强维持，凑合
go in for爱好，参加，从事 go by过去，依据，按照
go on继续，发生 go over复习，仔细审查，走近
go ahead 进行 go through 从头到尾地阅读，经历
go away走开，外出度假，消失 go for去取来或接来，争取得到
6．keep
keep away（from）使远离 keep back 扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲
keep off 避开 keep on继续
keep out 挡在外边，请勿靠近 keep up保持，不低落，持续，继续
keep up with跟上 keep down抑制（以防其增长）
7．look
look ahead向前看 look about环顾
look back回忆，回顾 look out当心，找出
look up向上看，查阅，看望 look down upon看不起
look through翻阅 look into调查，向内看
look after照看，负责处理 look on旁观
look forward to盼望 look round寻找，边走边看，观光
8．put
put back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟 put down平定，镇压，记下
put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄 put forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前
put off延期 put on穿戴，上映
put out扑灭，生产 put up举起，张贴
9．take
take in吸收 take for 误认为
take out 拿出 take down 放下
take up从事，拿起，占据 take off 飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功
take by攻占 take after像
take along 随身携带 take away带走，拿走，使离去
take back 收回，退回（所购商品） take charge 负责，掌管
take on呈现，雇佣 take out拿出，带……出去
take over 接管，接任
10．turn
turn back折回，掉转头 turn away转身，走开，打发走 turn out结果是，赶出，生产，制造
turn down 拒绝，调小 turn off 关掉 turn over翻过来，移交
turn in上交（作业等），拐入 turn into变成，翻译 turn on打开，取决于
turn to求助于，翻到 turn up调大，出现
一、单项选择
1. Nowadays, we can move around the world and still ________ the people that we want to remain friends with ________ modern social media tools.
A. correspond with; regardless of B. stay in touch with; due to
C. lose track of; as well as D. look forward to; based on
2. He was dropped from the committee because he wasn’t _______.
A. pulling his own weight B. on the edge of his seat
C. letting off steam D. ticking all the right boxes
3. There are actual things that can ________ in every one of us, as to lead us to some sort of suddenly-found identity.
A. make ends meet B. strike a chord C. fall into ruin D. make a getaway
4. The instruments and musicians ________ different functions: sustaining, modifying (修饰), synthesizing (合成) and innovating, paired into two key types of roles — supporting and leading.
A. take out B. take away C. take on D. take up
5. Some say that fathers should ________ at home and take some of the pressure off stressed-out working mothers.
A. seek assistance B. let off his steam C. pull his weight D. rise to his feet
6. I was asked at the last minute to take part in the 1500m at my school’s sports day to ________the numbers. But amazingly I came out third.
A. take away B. figure out C. go over D. make up
7. ——How do you find Nick’s performance last night?
——To be honest, his singing didn’t ________me.
A. appeal to B. belong to C. refer to D. occur to
8. When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ________ from the world.
A. cut down B. cut through C. cut off D. cut up
9. Is this your necklace, Mary? I ________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. came across B. came over C. came down D. came off
10. Tom said, “Many ideas will _______ when it comes to snowboarding.”
A. crowd in B. crowd out C. move in D. move off
11. Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas ________ come.
A. tend to B. have yet to C. used to D. cease to
12. Following his late father’s will, he gave up going abroad for further study to ________ all businesses as a chief executive officer.
A. turn over B. turn in C. take off D. take over
13. Despite lack of experience, Carla contributes just as much as anyone on our team — she ______ around this office.
A. gets a load of everything B. loose lips sink ships
C. lets off steam D. pulls her weight
14. As a group, “night owl” types tend to eat less healthy food and ______ more calories overall than early risers.
A. take in B. take up C. take after D. take over
15. The company has established a good creative team who constantly ______ new ideas.
A. fit in with B. go on with C. come up with D. keep up with
16. Many students _______ their problems, but they lack the courage to overcome them.
A. are conscious of B. are embedded in
C. rent out D. depend on
17. Deep into the night, the thief successfully ________ out of the gallery ________.
A. slipped; unnoticed B. slid; unnoticedly
C. slipped; unnoticedly D. slid; unnoticed
18. As the finished product was not correctly priced, it ________ well.
A. wasn’t sold B. didn’t sell C. wouldn’t be sold D. can’t sell
19. The driver decided to________ to catch up with the red car ahead.
A. sweep up B. slide into C. squeeze out D. speed up
20. It ________ to you whether I like it or not, because you never listen to me.
A. makes a difference B. makes no difference
C. makes sense D. makes no sense
21. My car ________on my way home, to my great disappointment.
A. broke out B. broke up C. broke down D. broke off
22. Is she the girl who ________ the shocking suggestion at the meeting?
A. put up B. put down C. put forward D. put off
23. Online the shopper can ______ a huge digital catalogue.
A. look through B. look at C. look down D. look up
24. — Why did she ______ your invitation to the party?
— She had an essay to finish that evening.
A. break up B. turn down C. find out D. withdraw from
25. Although the ring is not made of real diamond, its shape and design still ______ many young girls.
A. appeal to B. fit in C. attend to D. apply for
26. When Sally saw the woman wearing a funny hat that looked like a lighthouse, she ________ laughter.
A. broke down B. broke up C. broke into D. broke in
27. He gave an unhesitating “yes” when asked if he would ______ the experience again.
A. go through B. go out C. bring up D. work out
28. Without my glasses, I couldn’t ________ whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight.
A. make out B. take up C. bring about D. set off
29. He expects to ______ the business when his father retires.
A. take charge B. take control C. take over D. take out
30. Yuan Longping was born and________ in China.
A. brought in B. brought up C. brought back D. brought down
二、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most children love being told about nursery rhymes. The most popular rhymes ____31____(list) here. Even elders love to hear these rhymes ____32____are sweet to our ears forever. These rhymes speak volumes about the interest ____33____ (show) by the education department to ensure the children to speak out.
The list is clearly not exhaustive but ____34____is believed that a good cross section of famous poems for children has been included. We have selected the most famous nursery rhymes for children. We have done our best ____35____(collect) all the nursery rhymes from all sources and add them here for your ____36____(refer). The addition of more and more rhymes is going on every day.
These nursery rhymes for children ____37____(pass) over the years and because ____38____the short nature of the verse, they can ____39____(easy) be remembered by most children from a very early age. Analysis of these nursery rhymes will reflect the _____40_____(history) background where these nursery rhymes were written.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people still remember the magic of Father Christmas from when they were children. As parents, they try to keep that magic alive for their children for as long as they can.
That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those ____41____ regard Christmas ____42____ a special time of year. The man who wrote these letters is one of the most famous ____43____ (name)in English literature—J. R. R. Tolkien, ____44____ English writer, poet and university professor. The letters were Tolkien’s way of keeping Father Christmas alive for his four children, over a period of more than twenty years.
Every Christmas, an envelope with a North Pole stamp arrived. It ____45____ (address)to Tolkien’s children. The children must have been very ____46____ (excite)as they opened the letter to see who ____47____ could be from. Inside, they would find a handwritten letter from Father Christmas. The letters were also ____48____ (beautiful)illustrated—each must have taken its true author, Tolkien, a long time ____49____ (complete).
Letters from Father Christmas tells us that as well as _____50_____ (enjoy)the adventures of Father Christmas, Polar Bear and other characters at the North Pole, we can all share the true spirit of giving at Christmas time.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Liu Haisu was one of the most famous Chinese ____51____(paint) and art educators in the twentieth century. He was good at Chinese painting and oil painting. He was one of the four pioneers of Chinese modern art who earned the title of “The Four Great Academy Presidents”.
Liu Haisu was born in 1896 in Changzhou, China. When he was a kid, he had ____52____ great gift for painting. He studied under Wu Changshuo as a youth.
After founding his co-educational public school in Shanghai in 1912, he ____53____(invite) to speak at many schools all over China. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Liu organized a number of national and international exhibitions, ____54____(travel) first to Japan and then Europe, ____55____ he studied Western oil painting techniques. His books introduced Western art to the Chinese public. He also ____56____(hold) art exhibitions in many countries in Europe, such as France and Italy. Many of Liu’s most important paintings were focused ____57____ the mountain Huangshan, which he climbed 10 times during his life. Mr Liu died at the age of 98, in 1994 in Shanghai, leaving us too many ____58____(value) works. In 1995, the Liu Haisu Art Museum opened in Shanghai, ____59____(devote) to life and works of the _____60_____(art).
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Qian Zhongshu was a Chinese scholar and writer, known for his wit and erudition (博学). Despite failing in mathematics, Qian ____61____(successful) entered the Department of Foreign Languages under Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his ____62____(excellence) performance in Chinese and English languages. In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was to become a successful playwright and translator, and ____63____(marry) her in 1935. In the same year, Qian received government sponsorship ____64____(promote) his studies abroad. Together with his wife, Qian headed for the University of Oxford in Britain. After ____65____(spend) two years at Exeter College, he received a Bachelor of Literature. He studied for one more year in the University of Paris in France, and he didn’t return to China ____66____1938. Qian lived in Shanghai from 1941 to 1945, ____67____was then under Japanese occupation. At that time he devoted ____68____(he) to writing and many of his works were written or published then. A collection of short ____69____ (essay), The Marginalia of Life, was published in 1941. His most celebrated work Fortress Besieged appeared in 1947. On the Art of Poetry, written ____70____classical Chinese was issued in 1948.
5
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Amazon Rainforest is known ____71____ “the lungs of the planet”. However, it now releases more carbon dioxide than it absorbs. This is the conclusion of a study recently ____72____ (publish) in the journal Nature. For the study, scientists took 590 ____73____ (flight) over the Amazon.
So what has gone wrong? There are ____74____ (clear) fewer trees taking in carbon dioxide. More than 17 percent of the trees in the Amazon have disappeared since the 1970s. Meanwhile, farmers get rid of the trees by ____75____ (burn) them. Huge amounts of carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) are released into the air in the process.
The really worrying thing, however, is the southeastern part of the Amazon. This is because the logging(伐木作业) has disturbed the balance of nature. Fewer trees means ____76____ (little) moisture (水分) in the air, ____77____ makes the air drier. The heat causes forest fires to spread more easily. As a result, more trees are killed.
For the Amazon to become “the lungs of the planet” again, we first need to end ____78____ forest fires. It sounds possible but it won’t be easy. Since 2018, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro ____79____ (encourage) people to develop land in the Amazon. If he doesn’t change _____80_____ (he) mind, scientists say, large parts of the rainforest could be turned into savannahs (稀树草原) by 2026.
三、根据所给汉语提示填空
81. The crew were sent to ________（灭火）that had spread over 200 miles.
82. As the wood is wet, it won’t ________（着火）.
83. Travelling can broaden our horizons（眼界）and ________（增加我们的生活阅历）. 84. Four ________（加4）is eight.
85. The two men argued about this matter and neither would ________ to each other. （用give相关短语的适当形式填空）
86. He ________ ________ ________ ________ (被判处死刑) for murdering people on purpose.
87. My younger sister is coming home，so I have to ________ her ________(接载)at the airport.
88. She ______________________ (生下了) a baby last night.
89. The old man ______________ (陷入恐慌中) when he found the door was open.
90. The height of the building ______________(由……到……不等) 10 meters to 30 meters.
91. I want to________ (投诉) his bad attitude.
92. I could have come earlier but my car _________________________(抛锚了) on the road. （break）
93. We got lost a few times even with the help of GPS, but eventually we ____ ____ ____（成功穿越） the Rocky Mountains.
94. The music, exaggerated movements and mime helped ___ the meanings ___ ___(理解意思) the audience.
95. Most of us____ ____ (意识到) that we must take care of the environment, and ____ ____ ____（采取行动）save energy and reduce waste and pollution.
96. It is getting late. Let’s ________ ________ ________ (开始做某事) cooking.
97. I ______ ______(但愿) you will find something that you are passionate about.
98. Visitors ________ ________ ________ ________ (爱上) the quiet town.
99. Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us________（采取措施）to save energy.
100. ________ _________(拍照) is my mother’s hobby.
101. To ____ ______ (表演(节目))this show, Lily practiced over and over again.
102. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to_________ _________(分解), but much less time for paper.
103. In another letter, Father Christmas_________ _________ (抱怨) how he could not stop his helpers playing games with the toys instead of wrapping them up.
104. We started from Vancouver, where we _________ _________(开上车)our vehicle for the trip.
105. New knowledge is constantly being generated and what you already know is being revised all the time, to the extent that it can be difficult to ________ ________ ________ the latest development. ( 与....步调一致，保持....的节奏）
106. Columbus _______ _______searching for a direct sea route to the East indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，坚持寻找一条直通东印度群岛的航线。
107. The moment the bell rang, all the students ________ their papers immediately. （用turn的相关短语填空）
108. However, if I had to give up one of them, I would ________ the TV rather than switch off my cellphone or cut off the Internet. （用turn的相关短语填空）
109. I think I should work hard at English and ________ ________ ________ (不辜负) his expectation.
110. Many people thought she didn’t ______ ______ ______ (符合；达到) Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”, influencing opinions of the movie to some extent.
111. _________________ (从这次经历中，我了解到) being careful is very important and that we can't be too careful, especially in examinations.
112. _______________ (我们可以得出一个结论) our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before.
113. Instead, he ________(从后面走近我，迅速脱下他的夹克) and offered it to me, signaling to me to cover my torn jeans.
114. ________ ________ ________(说实话), I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(极想参加) the activity.
115. We should ________ ________ ________(认识到)the importance of protecting the environment.
116. They ________ ________ ________ ________(自愿帮助) the poor and the old.
117. Don’t eat too much junk food—you’ll get fat. I’ve actually ______ ______ ______ ______(下定决心) to go on a diet. (mind)
118. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________（能轻易地够到书）on the top shelf.
119. As people________（积累更多财富）, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. (
120. The guide ________ (带领我们参观) the gallery, pointing out the most famous painting in the collection.
参考答案
一、
1. B
【解析】考查动词短语、介词短语。句意：如今，我们可以在世界各地移动，而且由于现代的社交媒体工具，我们仍然能与我们想要保持朋友关系的人保持联系。A. correspond with符合，一致，与……通信；regardless of不顾，不管；B. stay in touch with保持联系；due to由于，归功于；C. lose track of不了解……的情况；as well as也；D. look forward to盼望；based on基于。第一空处，情态动词can后由and连接两个并列谓语，根据后半句的“________ modern social media tools”可知，设空处应填动词stay in touch with，意为“与……保持联系”。第二空应填介词短语due to，表前文“我们能保持联系的”原因，作状语。故选B项。
2. A
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：他被委员会开除了，因为他没有尽职尽责。A. pulling his own weight尽职；B. on the edge of his seat兴奋得坐不住的；C. letting off steam释放精力，发泄怒气；D. ticking all the right boxes勾选所有正确的选项。根据题意可知设空处与前边的“wasn’t”一起构成了他被开除的原因，那就是他没有做好自己的本职工作。故选A项。
3. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一些实际的事情可以在我们每个人身上引起共鸣，从而引导我们找到某种突然发现的身份。A.make ends meet收支相抵；B.strike a chord引起共鸣；C.fall into ruin 陷入废墟；D.make a getaway逃走。由后文“suddenly-found identity”以及结合选项可知，B项“引起共鸣”最符合语境。故选B项。
4. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：乐器和音乐家承担着不同的职责：维持、修改、综合和创新，配对成两种关键类型的角色——辅助和主导。A. take out取出；B. take away带走，剥夺；C. take on承担，呈现；D. take up开始从事，占据。结合空后的“different functions”可知，此处指承担着不同的职责，故选C项。
5. C
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：有人说，父亲们应该在家里尽自己的一份力，为劳累过度的职场母亲减轻一些压力。A. seek assistance寻求援助；B. let off his steam发泄他的怒气；C. pull his weight做好他自己份内的工作；D. rise to his feet站起来。根据句中“take some of the pressure off stressed-out working mothers”可推知，句中指父亲们也应该在家里出一份力，做好自己份内的工作，帮助母亲们减轻一些压力。故选C项。
6. D
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：在最后一分钟，我作为替补队员被要求参加学校运动会的1500米比赛，但令人惊讶的是，我得了第三名。A.take away 拿走；B.figure out 弄清楚；C.go over 仔细检查；D.make up 凑足，补齐。分析句意可知，此处表示“替补（队员）”，理解为“凑足人数”，故选D项。
7. A
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：——你觉得尼克昨晚的表现如何？——老实说，他的歌声对我没有吸引力。A. appeal to吸引；B. belong to属于；C. refer to提到；D. occur to 意识到。结合语境可知，评价尼克的表现，是他的歌声对我没有吸引力。故选A项。
8. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人感到与世界隔绝了。A. cut down削减；B. cut through穿过；C. cut off切断；D. cut up切碎。由“from the world”可知，句子表示“这些老人感到与世界隔绝了”，空格处意为“切断”，cut off from the world意为“与世界隔绝”，故选C。
9. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我在打扫浴室时偶然发现了它。A. came across偶然发现；B. came over过来；C. came down下降；D. came off成功。根据“ when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.”可知，在打扫浴室时偶然发现了这条项链，所以空处应用短语come across。故选A项。
10. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：汤姆说:“说到单板滑雪，很多想法都会涌现出来。”A. crowd in（想法、问题等）涌上心头，涌入脑海；B. crowd out挤出；C. move in搬进；D. move off离开。由“Many ideas”可知，句子表示“说到单板滑雪，很多想法都会涌现出来”，空格处是crowd in，故选A。
11. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：专家们一致认为，需要创新的农业实践来支持农民和消费者以可承受的成本获得更多食物的需求，但最好的想法尚未出现。A. tend to倾向于；B. have yet to还没有；C. used to用于，过去经常；D. cease to停止。由句意以及but转折可知，此处为have yet to come“尚未出现”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
12. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：按照已故父亲的遗愿，他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业。A. turn over把……翻过来；B. turn in交上；C. take off起飞；D. take over接管。由“he gave up going abroad for further study”和“all businesses as a chief executive officer”可知，句子表示“他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业”，空格处意为“接管”，故选D。
13. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管缺乏经验，但Carla的贡献与我们团队的任何人一样多，她在这个办公室里做好她分内的事。A. gets a load of everything打量，估计；B. loose lips sink ships祸从口出；C. lets off steam宣泄怒火；D. pulls her weight做好分内的事，尽责。根据Carla contributes just as much as anyone on our team可知，Carla在办公室尽职尽责，做好她分内的事，故选D。
14. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一个群体，“夜猫子”倾向于吃不太健康的食物，总体上比早起的人摄入更多的卡路里。A. take in吸收，摄入；B. take up接受，开始从事；C. take after与……像，追赶；D. take over掌管。由语意可知，“夜猫子”因为往往喜欢吃不健康的食物，所以他们吃的食物里多数是热量高的，他们摄入的卡路里自然也多些。故选A项。
15. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：公司建立了一支优秀的创意团队，不断提出新的想法。A. fit in with适合，与……一致；B. go on with继续；C. come up with提出；D. keep up with跟上。根据句意及new ideas可知，设空处应表示“提出新想法”，故选C。
16. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多学生都意识到自己面临的问题，但他们缺乏克服这些问题的勇气。A. are conscious of意识到；B. are embedded in嵌入；C. rent out出租；D. depend on依靠。根据下文“but they lack the courage to overcome them”可推断，学生能够意识到自己的问题。故选A。
17. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：深夜，小偷成功地溜出了画廊，没有引起任何人的注意。slip out of溜出，溜走；slide多指悄悄地滑动。unnoticed在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语the thief 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作伴随状语。故选A。
18. B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：由于成品定价不合理，所以卖得不好。此处sell为不及物动词，表示事物内在的品质和属性，用主动形式表示被动意义。根据句中时态可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故选B。
19. D
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：司机决定加速以赶上前面那辆红色的车。A. sweep up打扫；B. slide into悄悄溜进；C. squeeze out榨取；D. speed up加速。根据“to catch up with the red car ahead.”可知，为了赶上前面那辆红色的车司机决定加速。故选D。
20. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：不管我喜欢与否，对你来说都没有影响，因为你从来不听我的。A.makes a difference 有影响，起作用；B.makes no difference 没有影响，不起作用；C.makes sense讲得通，有意义；D.makes no sense讲不通，没意义。结合后文“because you never listen to me”，可知要表达“不管我喜欢与否，对你来说都没有影响”。故选B。
21. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：令我非常失望的是，我的车在回家的路上抛锚了。A. broke out爆发；B. broke up分手；C. broke down发生故障；D. broke off中断；断交。由上下文可知，此处表示“车发生故障”，故选C。
22. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她就是在会上提出这个令人震惊的建议的那个女孩吗？A. put up建造 ；举起；张贴；B. put down镇压；记下；C. put forward提出；D. put off推迟。由下文“the shocking suggestion”可知，此处表示“提出建议”应用put forward，故选C。
23. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在网上，购物者可以浏览巨大的数字目录。A. look through浏览；B. look at看着；C. look down俯视；D. look up查阅。根据后文“a huge digital catalogue”指浏览数字目录应用look through。故选A。
24. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——她为什么拒绝了你的聚会邀请？——她那天晚上要写一篇文章。A. break up放假；B. turn down拒绝；C. find out发现；D. withdraw from退出。由“She had an essay to finish that evening”可知，她那天晚上要写一篇文章，所以她拒绝了聚会邀请，空格处意为“拒绝”，故选B。
25. A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然这枚戒指不是由真正的钻石制成的，但它的形状和设计仍然吸引着许多年轻女孩。A. appeal to呼吁，吸引；B. fit in适合；C. attend to照料；D. apply for申请。根据“Although the ring is not made of real diamond,”可知，这枚戒指的形状和设计仍然吸引着许多年轻女孩。故选A。
26. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当Sally看到那个女人戴着一顶看起来像灯塔的滑稽帽子时，她突然大笑起来。A. broke down崩溃；B. broke up破裂；C. broke into突然……；D. broke in闯入。由语意可知，这个女的戴着一个像灯塔一样的帽子，这很有趣，所以Sally看到了忍不住突然笑了起来。burst into laughter“突然大笑起来”符合题意。故选C项。
27. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当被问及是否愿意再经历一次这样的经历时，他毫不犹豫地表示“是的”。A. go through经历；B. go out外出；C. bring up培养；D. work out解决。根据句意可知，经历这样的经历”。故选A。
28. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有眼镜，我看不清黑板上的数字是3还是8。A. make out辨认出，看出；B. take up占据，开始从事；C. bring about导致；D. set off动身，出发。根据“Without my glasses”可知，此处指没有眼镜看不清黑板上的数字是3还是8，故选A项。
29. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他希望在他父亲退休时接管生意。A. take charge看管，负责；B. take control掌控；C. take over接管，接替；D. take out取出。根据“when his father retires”可知，此处指他期望在父亲退休时接管生意，故选C项。
30. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：袁隆平生长在中国。A. brought in引进；B. brought up养育、抚养、教育；C. brought back带回、使记起；D. brought down降低。结合“Yuan Longping was born”可知，袁隆平在中国被抚养长大。故选B项。
二、
1
31. are listed
32. that/which
33. shown
34. it
35. to collect
36. reference
37. have been passed
38. of
39. easily
40. historical
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个儿歌列表。
31. 考查时态语态。句意：这里列出了最流行的押韵短诗。主语The most popular rhymes与谓语动词list之间是被动关系，全文以一般现在时为主，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语复数，谓语复数形式。故填are listed。
32. 考查定语从句。句意：即使是长辈也喜欢听这些我们永远耳熟能详的押韵短诗。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为these rhymes，指物，在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词that/which。故填that或which。
33. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些押韵短诗充分体现了教育部门为确保孩子们能说出话而表现出的兴趣。本句已有谓语speak且无连词，动词show用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the interest与show之间是被动关系，show用过去分词，作后置定语。故填shown。
34. 考查it作形式主语。句意：这份清单显然并不详尽，但据信，其中包括了一个很好的儿童著名诗歌的横截面。it be believed that..是固定句型，意为“人们相信……”。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。故填it。
35. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已尽最大努力收集所有来源的童谣，并添加到这里供你参考。固定搭配do one’s best to do sth. (尽某人最大努力做某事)，collect用动词不定式形式。故填to collect。
36. 考查名词。句意：我们已尽最大努力收集所有来源的童谣，并添加到这里供您参考。形容词性物主代词your后跟名词，for one’s reference (供某人参考)。故填reference。
37. 考查时态语态。句意：这些儿童儿歌是多年来流传下来的，由于诗歌的短小性，大多数儿童从很小的时候就很容易记住。根据句中的时间状语over the years可知，谓语动词pass需用现在完成时，pass与主语These nursery rhymes是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语复数，谓语复数形式。故填have been passed。
38. 考查介词。句意：这些儿童儿歌是多年来流传下来的，由于诗歌的短小性，大多数儿童从很小的时候就很容易记住。固定搭配because of(因为，由于)。故填of。
39. 考查副词。句意：这些儿童儿歌是多年来流传下来的，由于诗歌的短小性，大多数儿童从很小的时候就很容易记住。修饰动词短语be remembered by，用副词easily，作状语。故填easily。
40. 考查形容词。句意：对这些童谣的分析将反映出这些童谣创作的历史背景。修饰名词background，用形容词historical (有关历史的)，作定语。故填historical。
2
41. who
42. as
43. names
44. an
45. was addressed
46. excited
47. it##that
48. beautifully
49. to complete
50. enjoying
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一本书《圣诞老人的来信》，它的作者是J.R.R.Tolkien。J.R.R.Tolkien用写信这种特别的方式在二十多年里让孩子们感受圣诞老人的魔力，他可能就是真正的圣诞老人。
41. 考查定语从句。句意：这就是为什么对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说，《圣诞老人的来信》可能是一本完美的书的原因。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who，故填who。
42. 考查固定短语。句意：这就是为什么对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说，《圣诞老人的来信》可能是一本完美的书。regard…as…“把……看做”是固定短语，故填as。
43. 考查名词。句意：写这些信的人是英国文学史上最著名的人物之一——J. R. R.托尔金，一位英国作家、诗人兼大学教授。one of the+最高级+名词复数，是固定短语，表示“最……之一”，名词用复数，故填names。
44. 考查冠词。句意同上。此处“ 4__ English writer, poet and university professor”作同位语，解释说明J. R. R.托尔金，表示泛指用不定冠词，English以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故填an。
45. 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它是写给托尔金的孩子们的。address是谓语动词，it指代上文提到的an envelope，与address之间是被动关系，根据句意描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was addressed。
46. 考查形容词。句意：孩子们拆开信看看是谁寄来的，一定很兴奋。空处作表语，说明主语的感受，表示“感动兴奋的”用形容词excited，故填excited。
47. 考查代词。句意同上。根据语境，空处指代上文提的the letter，用代词it或者that，故填it/that。
48. 考查副词。句意：这些信也加有很漂亮的插图，每张必须由它真正的作者——托尔金——很长时间才能完成。修饰动词用副词作状语，故填beautifullly。
49. 考查不定式。句意：这些信也加有很漂亮的插图，每张必须由它真正的作者——托尔金——花很长时间才能完成。sth takes sb time to do sth“某事花费时间做某事”，故填to complete。
50. 考查非谓语动词。句意：圣诞老人的来信告诉我们，除了享受圣诞老人、北极熊和其他角色在北极的冒险，我们都可以在圣诞节期间分享真正的奉献精神。as well as “也”是固定短语，第二个as是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填enjoying。
3
51. painters
52. a
53. was invited
54. traveling
55. where
56. held
57. on
58. valuable
59. devoted
60. artist
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国著名画家刘海粟。
51. 考查名词复数。句意：刘海粟是二十世纪中国最著名的画家和美术教育家之一。one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词，意为“最……之一”，用名词painter (画家)的复数形式。故填painters。
52. 考查冠词。句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，他有很好的绘画天赋。固定搭配have a gift for“在……方面有天赋”，great是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
53. 考查时态语态。句意：1912年在上海创办男女同校公立学校后，他应邀在全国许多学校发表演讲。主语he与谓语动词invite之间是被动关系，又是过去发生的，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语he第三人称，谓语单数形式。故填was invited。
54. 考查非谓语动词。句意：20世纪二三十年代，刘海粟组织了多次国内外展览，先到日本，后到欧洲学习西方油画技法。本句已有谓语organized且无连词，动词travel用非谓语形式，Liu与travel之间是主动关系，travel用现在分词作状语。故填traveling。
55. 考查定语从句。句意：20世纪二三十年代，刘海粟组织了多次国内外展览，先到日本，后到欧洲学习西方油画技法。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Europe，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
56. 考查时态。句意：他还曾在法国、意大利等欧洲许多国家举办过艺术展览。此处缺谓语动词，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填held。
57. 考查固定搭配。句意：刘海粟的许多重要画作都集中在黄山上，他一生中曾攀登过10次黄山。be focused on是固定搭配，意为“集中于……”。故填on。
58. 考查形容词。句意：刘海粟于1994年在上海逝世，享年98岁，给我们留下了太多有价值的作品。修饰名词works，用形容词valuable，作定语。故填valuable。
59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1995年，刘海粟美术馆在上海开馆，专门展出刘海粟的生平和作品。此处是非谓语动词作状语，固定搭配be devoted to…意为“致力于……”，此处用过去分词devoted，作状语。故填devoted。
60. 考查名词单数。句意：1995年，刘海粟美术馆在上海开馆，专门展出刘海粟的生平和作品。此处是of所有格，指艺术家的作品，用单数名词artist指代刘海粟。故填artist。
4
61. successfully
62. excellent
63. married
64. to promote
65. spending
66. until
67. which
68. himself
69. essays
70. in
【解析】这是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了钱钟书的生平。
61. 考查副词。句意：尽管数学不及格，钱还是在1929年以优异的中英文成绩成功考入了清华大学外语系。空处在句中修饰后面的动词entered，需用副词形式。故填successfully。
62. 考查形容词。句意：尽管数学不及格，钱还是在1929年以优异的中英文成绩成功考入了清华大学外语系。空处修饰后面的名词performance，作定语，需用形容词形式。故填excellent。
63. 考查时态。句意：钱在清华结识了后来成为成功剧作家和翻译家的妻子杨绛，并1935年与她结婚。由后面的时间状语in 1935可知，本句话应用一般过去时。故填married。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同年，钱钟书获得政府资助，以促进他在国外的学习。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空需要非谓语动词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to promote。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在埃克塞特学院学习两年后，他获得了文学学士学位。空处作前面介词after的宾语，需用动名词形式。故填spending。
66. 考查固定搭配。句意：钱在法国巴黎大学又学习了一年，直到1938年才回到中国。本题考查固定搭配not…until“直到……才”。故填until。
67. 考查定语从句。句意：1941年至1945年，钱住在上海，上海当时是日本占领下。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为Shanghai，指物，先行词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
68. 考查固定短语。句意：当时他致力于写作，他的许多作品都是在当时写的或出版的。devote oneself to…“致力于…”。故填himself。
69. 考查可数名词单复数。句意：1941年出版了短文集《生命的边缘》。根据空前的a collection of可知，空处需要可数名词的复数形式。故填essays。
70. 考查介词。句意：1948年出版了用文言文写成的《论诗歌艺术》。根据空后的classical Chinese可知，表示使用某种语言，需用介词in。故填in。
5
71. as
72. published
73. flights
74. clearly
75. burning
76. less
77. which
78. the
79. has encouraged
80. his
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍亚马逊雨林吸收的二氧化碳数量明显减少，甚至释放的比吸收的还多，因为焚烧、森林大火、伐木等导致树木大量减少，巴西政府不但没有认识到树木减少的危害，反而鼓励开发土地。
71. 考查介词。句意：亚马逊雨林以被称为“地球之肺”而闻名。be known as 为固定搭配。译为“作为……而出名”，后面接的名词表示身份、职业等。故填as。
72. 考查非谓语。句意：这是最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究的结论。本句已有系动词，publish应用非谓语形式，作后置定语，主语与publish之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填published。
73. 考查名词。句意：为了这项研究，科学家们在亚马逊上空飞行了590次。此处flight为可数名词，前面数量为590，故应用复数形式。故填flights。
74. 考查副词。句意：吸收二氧化碳的树木明显减少。空处为副词，修饰形容词fewer，故填clearly。
75. 考查动名词。句意：与此同时，农民通过焚烧树木来摆脱树木。空处前面为介词，后面接动名词，作宾语。故填burning。
76. 考查形容词比较级。句意：更少的树木意味着空气中的水分更少，这使得空气更干燥。由“Fewer trees”（更少的树木）可知此处要用比较级，说明更少的树木会导致更少的水分。故填less。
77. 考查定语从句。句意：更少的树木意味着空气中的水分更少，这使得空气更干燥。空处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。
78. 考查冠词。句意：要让亚马逊再次成为“地球之肺”，我们首先需要结束森林大火。由上文“The heat causes forest fires to spread more easily. As a result, more trees are killed. ”（高温导致森林火灾更容易蔓延，结果更多的树木被杀死。）提到了森林火灾导致更多树木被杀死，可知空处指的就是上文所说的森林大火，应用定冠词特指，故填the。
79. 考查时态。句意：自2018年以来，巴西总统Jair Bolsonaro鼓励人们在亚马逊地区开发土地。可知鼓励开发土地行为是从2018年到现在一直存在的事情，应用现在完成时；主语是Brazilian President为单数名词，与encourage之间是主动关系，应用主动态。故填has encouraged。
80. 考查代词。句意：科学家们说，如果他不改变这一想法，到2026年，大部分热带雨林可能会变成稀树草原。mind是名词，前面用形容词性物主代词，故填his。
三、
81. put out a fire
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：船员们被派去扑灭蔓延了200英里的大火。根据汉语提示可知，表示“灭火”用固定短语put out a fire来表示。故填put out a fire。
82. catch fire
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：因为木头是湿的，所以不会着火。catch fire为固定短语，意为“着火”，won’t 后接动词原形，故填catch fire。
83. add to our life experience
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：旅行可以开阔我们的视野，增加我们的生活经验。分析句子结构可知以及所给提示词，空处的“增加”为谓语，和前句的broaden并列，也用动词原形，译为add to，“我们的生活阅历”应译为our life experience。故填add to our life experience。
84. added to four
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：四加四等于八。数字上的“加”可用动词短语add to 表示；本句已有系动词is，动词add 要用非谓语；主语Four 与add之间为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动态；表示数字“4”用 four。故填added to four。
85. give in
【解析】考查短语。句意：这两个人为这件事争论不休，彼此都不愿意屈服。短语：give in“屈服，投降”，根据句意可知，此处指争论的两人彼此都不服输，即不屈服。故填give in。
86. was sentenced to death
【解析】考查时态和短语。句意：他因为故意谋杀他人被判处死刑。根据汉语提示可知，sentence sb to death固定短语“判处某人死刑”。主语he和动词sentence之间形成动宾关系，所以是被动语态。且表示已经发生过的事情，所以是一般过去时。故填was sentenced to death。
87. pick up
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我妹妹要回家了，所以我得去机场接她。分析句子结构可知have to后应接动词原形，再结合所给中文提示词，“接载”应翻译为pick up。故填①pick②up。
88. gave birth to
【解析】考查一般过去时，动词短语。句意：她昨晚生了一个婴儿。“生下/诞下”英语使用动词短语“give birth to”，根据时间状语last night可知，此句时态为一般过去时，故填gave birth to。
89. got into a panic
【解析】考查一般过去时，动词短语。句意：当老人发现门开着时，他陷入恐慌中。根据从句中谓语动词found可知，此句为一般过去时，“恐慌”英语使用“panic”，“陷入恐慌”英语使用“get into a panic”，故填got into a panic。
90. varies from
【解析】考查一般现在时，动词短语。句意：建筑物的高度从10米到30米不等。根据所给句子可知，此处需要使用动词短语作谓语，“由……到……不等”英语使用动词短语“vary from”，根据所给句子句意分析可知，此句表示陈述一般事实，因此需要使用一般现在时，主语为The height为单数，因此谓语需要使用第三人称单数形式。故填varies from。
91. complain about
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我想投诉他差劲的态度。根据汉语提示“投诉”，以及want后跟不定式to do作宾语可知，空处应该填写complain或其短语形式。因空后接his bad attitude，则空处需为能接名词作宾语的及物动词或短语。complain about为及物动词短语，后可接宾语，意为抱怨、投诉。故填complain about。
92. broke down
【解析】考查短语和时态。句意：我本来能来得更早，但是车在路上抛锚了。根据所给汉语意思和提示词可知是短语break down，根据“I could have come earlier ”可知事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填broke down。
93. made it across
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：即使有GPS的帮助，我们还是迷路了几次，但是最终我们成功穿越了落基山脉。分析句子结构可知，句子当中缺少谓语，且给了三个空，“成功穿越”可用make it across，前句用的是一般过去时，本句也应用一般过去时。故应填made it across。
94. get across to
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：音乐、夸张的动作和哑剧帮助观众理解了其中的含义。根据汉语提示“理解意思”可知设空处的固定搭配get sth across to sb意为 “某人理解…的意思”，以及空前的help sb do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，故填get across to。
95. have realized take action to
【解析】考查动词时态和动词短语。句意：我们大多数人 已经意识到我们必须照顾环境和采取行动节约能源和减少浪费和污染。“意识到”译为“realize”，根据句意判断应该用现在完成时，主语是“Most of us”，助动词用have；“采取行动”译为“take action to do sth.”，和前文 “take care of ”并列放在情态动词must之后，用动词原形。故填 ①have ②realized ③take ④action ⑤to。
96. get down to
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：时间不早了，让我们开始做饭吧。根据句意和汉语提示，可知此处为短语get down to doing …，表示“开始做某事”，同时根据前文的let后接动词原形，故填写get down to 。
97. would rather
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我但愿你能找到你热爱的东西。would rather (但愿)。故填①would ②rather。
98. fall in love with
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：游客们爱上这个安静的小镇。分析句子可知，缺少谓语动词。“爱上”是短语fall in love with，表示事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。故填fall in love with。
99. take actions
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我们大多数人都意识到我们必须保护环境，我们大多数人都采取行动节约能源。“采取行动”英文表达为“take actions”。故填take actions。
100. Taking photos##pictures
【解析】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：拍照是妈妈的爱好。短语：take photos/pictures“拍照”，空白处在句中为主语，表示习惯性动作，所以用动名词形式。故填①Taking②photos/pictures。
101. put on
【解析】考查短语。句意：为了表演这个节目，莉莉一遍又一遍的练习。短语：put on“表演”为固定短语，空前to为不定式，所以此处应用原形。故填①put②on。
102. break down
【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸则需要更短的时间。分析句子且根据汉语提示可知，It为形式主语，空处为不定式结构，作句子真正的主语，应填动词短语原形break down，表示“分解”。故填①break②down。
103. complained about
【解析】考查动词短语搭配和谓语动词时态。句意：在另一封信中，圣诞老人抱怨他无法阻止他的助手们玩玩具，而不是把玩具包起来。根据空后could可知，空处谓语动词应用一般过去时，结合汉语提示可知，空处应填动词短语complained about，表示“抱怨”。故填①complained②complained。
104. picked up
【解析】考查时态和动词短语搭配。句意：我们从温哥华出发，在那里我们搭上了我们的车。根据主句谓语动词started可知，时间发生在过去，应用一般过去时，又根据汉语提示可知，空处应填picked up，表示“开上车”。故填①picked②up。
105. keep pace with
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：新的知识不断产生，你所学的知识也在不断得到修正，以致于你很难跟上最新的发展。分析句子结构，extent后面that引导同位语从句，从句中，it是形式主语，difficult后面的to与空格处构成不定式，充当that引导的从句中真正的主语，且根据汉语提示“与……步调一致，保持……的节奏”，空格处需填keep pace with。故填①keep ②pace ③with。
106. insisted on
【解析】考查动词短语。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知，本句要填的是谓语部分，需要填动词短语“坚持（insist on）”，因为本句说的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填insisted on。
107. turned in
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：铃一响，所有的学生立刻交卷。turn in是固定搭配，意为“上交”。分析句子时态可知，turn in的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填turned in。
108. turn off
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：然而，如果我必须放弃其中的一个，我会关掉电视，而不是关掉我的手机或切断互联网。根据句意表示“关闭”短语为turn off，would后跟动词原形。故填turn off。
109. live up to
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我认为我应该努力学习英语，不辜负他的期望。结合句意及汉语提示可知此处表示“不辜负”，短语为live up to，又根据前边的should work hard 可知这里与work hard一致，放在情态动词should后用动词原形。故填①live②up③to。
110. live up to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：许多人认为她辜负了海伦“世界上最美丽的女人”的这个称号，这在一定程度上影响了人们对这部电影的看法。分析句子，该空需要一个动词短语作谓语，根据汉语提示“符合；达到”，动词短语live up to 符合题意，根据空前的助动词didn't可知，该空动词用使用原形。故填①live② up ③to。
111. From this experience, I learned that
【解析】考查时态，动词短语、名词和宾语从句的连接词。陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态；动词短语“从……中了解到……”可表达为learn...from...；设空处后接句子，为谓语动词learn的宾语从句，从句前可加连接词that；名词”经历”表达为experience。结合其他汉语提示，故填：From this experience, I learned that。
112. We can draw a conclusion that
【解析】考查动词短语和同位语从句的连接词。句意：我们可以得出一个结论——我们的社会在进步，人们的生活比以往任何时候都好。动词短语“得出一个结论”可译为draw a conclusion，conclusion后接同位语从句，应用that作连接词。结合其他汉语提示，故填：We can draw a conclusion that。
113. approached me from behind, took off his jacket swiftly
【解析】考查时态和动词短语。动词短语“走近我”表达为approach me；“脱下他的夹克”表达为take off his jacket；副词“迅速”表达为swiftly；修饰“take off his jacket”。设空处的两个动作后接and offered it to me，表动作先后关系，故用一般过去时态。结合其他中文提示，应填approached me from behind, took off his jacket swiftly。
114. To be honest am dying to participate in
【解析】考查固定搭配和动词。句意：说实话，我极想参加这个活动。根据汉语提示，表示“说实话”应该用to be honest。to置于句首，首字母要大写；在句中作状语；表示“渴望做某事”应用be dying to do sth。根据句意，句子描述的是现在一直渴望做某事，故应该使用现在进行时；表示“参加”应该使用participate in。故答案为 To be honest 诚实地说； am dying to participate in极想参加。
115. be aware of
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们应该认识到保护环境的重要性。根据所给汉语可知，be aware of 为固定搭配，意为“意识到”，且情态动词should后用动词原形。故填①be②aware③of。
116. are voluntary to help
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们自愿帮助穷人和老人。根据所给汉语可知，be voluntary to help为固定搭配，意为“自愿帮助”，且时态为一般现在时。故填①are ②voluntary ③to ④help。
117. made up my mind
【解析】考查短语和时态。句意：不要吃太多垃圾食品，你会发胖的。实际上我已经下定决心节食了。根据汉语提示，空处应用短语make up one’s mind，结合语意，此处表示我下定决心，应用形容词性物主代词my，表示“我的”，I’ve是I have的缩写，空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与have构成现在完成时。故填①made ②up ③my ④mind。
118. can easily reach the books
【解析】考查情态动词、副词与动词短语。句意：Samuel，我们班个子最高的男孩，他可以很容易地够到顶层书架上的书。分析句子可知，空处表示“够到书”应用动宾短语reach the books。表示“能力”应用can。表示“轻易地”应用副词easily，修饰动宾短语。故填can easily reach the books。
119. accumulate more wealth
【解析】考查动词，名词及时态。句意：随着人们积累更多财富，他们往往会花掉收入的很大一部分。表示“积累更多财富”应使用 accumulate more wealth，该动词短语as引导的状语从句中作谓语，应使用一般现在时，主语为复数人称。故填accumulate more wealth。
120. guided us around
【解析】考查时态和动词短语搭配。句意：导游带我们参观了美术馆，指出了馆藏中最著名的一幅画。分析句子可知，本句描述一般过去事实，应用一般过去时。根据汉语提示可知，表示“带领我们参观”应用guided us around。故填guided us around。
十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
热点02 动词搭配及词形转换
1.（2021·天津）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
2.（2021·天津）I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A．made up for B．run out of
C．kept away from D．got down to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
3.(2010﹒全国卷I)The workers ______ the glasses and marked on each box “ This Side Up”
A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed
【答案】D
【解析】句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上 “此面向上”。 选项为四个意思上毫无关联的动词, 此题考查动词的词义辨析。carry 译为搬运, deliver译为递送, press译为按, 压, pack译为打包。
4.(2010﹒全国卷II)My mother opened drawer to _________the knives and spoons.
A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together
【答案】A
【解析】put away 放好, 收拾起来；put up举起, 搭建, 张贴, 挂起；put on 穿上, 戴上；put together 组装, 装配, 把…凑合起来
4.(2017﹒天津)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _________, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
5.(2018﹒天津) At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】句意:起初,罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水,但最终他让步了,因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in “屈服,让步”; B. dressed up "打扮”; C. broke in“闯入,打断”; D. turned up“出现"。根据转折词but及原因as she was so .confident about her skills.可知,最终他让步了。故选A。
6.(2018﹒江苏) Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。
7.(2019﹒天津)Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
8.(2020﹒江苏)The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
9.(2020﹒天津)I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A. drank a toast to B. played a joke on
C. kept an eye on D. made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会”照看”我的儿子，所以”我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
10.(2020﹒天津)We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A take up B. carry out C. keep on D. put off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据； B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据”the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能”推迟”买打印机。故选D。
11.(2015﹒湖北)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项“遗漏，省略”；B项“违背，和……作对”；C项“在于”；D项“编造，组成，化妆，和好”。故选C项。
12.(2015﹒湖北)Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。A项“突出”；B项“结束，解散，分手”；C项“出去，出版，被泄露”；D项“出现，露面”。故选D项。
13.(2015﹒江苏)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.
A. Accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速,加快”B项“改善，提高”C项“表现”D项“发展”。故选D项。
14.(2016﹒江苏)Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A.fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。
15. (2016﹒江苏)Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage ofD. give rise to
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
16. (2016﹒天津)I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析： 句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take advantage of，意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。
17.(2016﹒浙江) When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。
18.(2017﹒江苏)Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版； C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
19.（2018· 江苏卷· 完形填空）Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong
investment. Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers’ fees.
A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. drawn up起草；B. used up用光；C. backed up拥堵；D. kept up保持。根据后面的to pay lawyers’ fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
20.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________
as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
21.（2017· 江苏卷· 完形填空）In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36（struggling） across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38（before） anyone else had to be there.
A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。根据＂ 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else＂可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn up在＂出现＂，符合语境。
22.（2018· 新课标I卷·完形填空）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars?
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
41.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出； jumped at急于接收；tried out尝试；turned down拒绝。故选B。
42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱； save节省；pay付钱。故选C。
一、同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。
1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有：
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠，分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃，跑开 go away 走开
2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有：
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算，为……计划hope for希望，期待 ask for索取，寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还，赔偿
3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：
try on试穿，试验 put on穿上，上演 have on穿着，戴着
pull on穿，戴 hold on不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on继续开展，坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上（车）
4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查，复习
get over克服，恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受，接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有：
bring up抚育，培养 call up召唤，打电话给 come up走上前来，长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃；go up 上升，增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬，向上看，查寻 make up虚构，弥补，组成
put up举起，搭建 set up建立，创（纪录） pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露，露面 turn up出现，把……调高一点
6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：
come out出来 go out出去，熄灭 look out留神，当心
walk out走出 set out出发，开始 put out扑灭，生产
give out发出，发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出，发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产，结果是
get out出去，离开 carry out实行，执行 work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发，动身。
二、常见同根动词短语辨析
1. bring
bring in引进，挣得 bring about引起，导致
bring up养育，培养，呕吐，提出 bring out使展现，推出（书等）
bring down降低，使倒下 bring back把……带回来，使忆起
bring forth结果，生产，产生 bring forward提出，提前
bring off圆满完成（困难之事）
2．break
break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解 break up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止
break through逾越，突破，冲破 break away（from）挣脱，脱离
break out爆发 break in破门而入
break into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰 break off折断，中断
3．come
come about发生 come out结果出来，出版，开花
come across偶遇，被理解 come true变为现实
come up走上前，被提出，走近 come along一起来
come up with产生，发现（解决办法等）
4．give
give up放弃 give in屈服，呈交
give out 用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表
give off发出 give away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠
5．go
go against违背，与……不符，对……不利 go without勉强维持，凑合
go in for爱好，参加，从事 go by过去，依据，按照
go on继续，发生 go over复习，仔细审查，走近
go ahead 进行 go through 从头到尾地阅读，经历
go away走开，外出度假，消失 go for去取来或接来，争取得到
6．keep
keep away（from）使远离 keep back 扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲
keep off 避开 keep on继续
keep out 挡在外边，请勿靠近 keep up保持，不低落，持续，继续
keep up with跟上 keep down抑制（以防其增长）
7．look
look ahead向前看 look about环顾
look back回忆，回顾 look out当心，找出
look up向上看，查阅，看望 look down upon看不起
look through翻阅 look into调查，向内看
look after照看，负责处理 look on旁观
look forward to盼望 look round寻找，边走边看，观光
8．put
put back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟 put down平定，镇压，记下
put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄 put forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前
put off延期 put on穿戴，上映
put out扑灭，生产 put up举起，张贴
9．take
take in吸收 take for 误认为
take out 拿出 take down 放下
take up从事，拿起，占据 take off 飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功
take by攻占 take after像
take along 随身携带 take away带走，拿走，使离去
take back 收回，退回（所购商品） take charge 负责，掌管
take on呈现，雇佣 take out拿出，带……出去
take over 接管，接任
10．turn
turn back折回，掉转头 turn away转身，走开，打发走 turn out结果是，赶出，生产，制造
turn down 拒绝，调小 turn off 关掉 turn over翻过来，移交
turn in上交（作业等），拐入 turn into变成，翻译 turn on打开，取决于
turn to求助于，翻到 turn up调大，出现
一、单项选择
1. Nowadays, we can move around the world and still ________ the people that we want to remain friends with ________ modern social media tools.
A. correspond with; regardless of B. stay in touch with; due to
C. lose track of; as well as D. look forward to; based on
2. He was dropped from the committee because he wasn’t _______.
A. pulling his own weight B. on the edge of his seat
C. letting off steam D. ticking all the right boxes
3. There are actual things that can ________ in every one of us, as to lead us to some sort of suddenly-found identity.
A. make ends meet B. strike a chord C. fall into ruin D. make a getaway
4. The instruments and musicians ________ different functions: sustaining, modifying (修饰), synthesizing (合成) and innovating, paired into two key types of roles — supporting and leading.
A. take out B. take away C. take on D. take up
5. Some say that fathers should ________ at home and take some of the pressure off stressed-out working mothers.
A. seek assistance B. let off his steam C. pull his weight D. rise to his feet
6. I was asked at the last minute to take part in the 1500m at my school’s sports day to ________the numbers. But amazingly I came out third.
A. take away B. figure out C. go over D. make up
7. ——How do you find Nick’s performance last night?
——To be honest, his singing didn’t ________me.
A. appeal to B. belong to C. refer to D. occur to
8. When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ________ from the world.
A. cut down B. cut through C. cut off D. cut up
9. Is this your necklace, Mary? I ________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. came across B. came over C. came down D. came off
10. Tom said, “Many ideas will _______ when it comes to snowboarding.”
A. crowd in B. crowd out C. move in D. move off
11. Experts agree that innovative farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas ________ come.
A. tend to B. have yet to C. used to D. cease to
12. Following his late father’s will, he gave up going abroad for further study to ________ all businesses as a chief executive officer.
A. turn over B. turn in C. take off D. take over
13. Despite lack of experience, Carla contributes just as much as anyone on our team — she ______ around this office.
A. gets a load of everything B. loose lips sink ships
C. lets off steam D. pulls her weight
14. As a group, “night owl” types tend to eat less healthy food and ______ more calories overall than early risers.
A. take in B. take up C. take after D. take over
15. The company has established a good creative team who constantly ______ new ideas.
A. fit in with B. go on with C. come up with D. keep up with
16. Many students _______ their problems, but they lack the courage to overcome them.
A. are conscious of B. are embedded in
C. rent out D. depend on
17. Deep into the night, the thief successfully ________ out of the gallery ________.
A. slipped; unnoticed B. slid; unnoticedly
C. slipped; unnoticedly D. slid; unnoticed
18. As the finished product was not correctly priced, it ________ well.
A. wasn’t sold B. didn’t sell C. wouldn’t be sold D. can’t sell
19. The driver decided to________ to catch up with the red car ahead.
A. sweep up B. slide into C. squeeze out D. speed up
20. It ________ to you whether I like it or not, because you never listen to me.
A. makes a difference B. makes no difference
C. makes sense D. makes no sense
21. My car ________on my way home, to my great disappointment.
A. broke out B. broke up C. broke down D. broke off
22. Is she the girl who ________ the shocking suggestion at the meeting?
A. put up B. put down C. put forward D. put off
23. Online the shopper can ______ a huge digital catalogue.
A. look through B. look at C. look down D. look up
24. — Why did she ______ your invitation to the party?
— She had an essay to finish that evening.
A. break up B. turn down C. find out D. withdraw from
25. Although the ring is not made of real diamond, its shape and design still ______ many young girls.
A. appeal to B. fit in C. attend to D. apply for
26. When Sally saw the woman wearing a funny hat that looked like a lighthouse, she ________ laughter.
A. broke down B. broke up C. broke into D. broke in
27. He gave an unhesitating “yes” when asked if he would ______ the experience again.
A. go through B. go out C. bring up D. work out
28. Without my glasses, I couldn’t ________ whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight.
A. make out B. take up C. bring about D. set off
29. He expects to ______ the business when his father retires.
A. take charge B. take control C. take over D. take out
30. Yuan Longping was born and________ in China.
A. brought in B. brought up C. brought back D. brought down
二、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most children love being told about nursery rhymes. The most popular rhymes ____31____(list) here. Even elders love to hear these rhymes ____32____are sweet to our ears forever. These rhymes speak volumes about the interest ____33____ (show) by the education department to ensure the children to speak out.
The list is clearly not exhaustive but ____34____is believed that a good cross section of famous poems for children has been included. We have selected the most famous nursery rhymes for children. We have done our best ____35____(collect) all the nursery rhymes from all sources and add them here for your ____36____(refer). The addition of more and more rhymes is going on every day.
These nursery rhymes for children ____37____(pass) over the years and because ____38____the short nature of the verse, they can ____39____(easy) be remembered by most children from a very early age. Analysis of these nursery rhymes will reflect the _____40_____(history) background where these nursery rhymes were written.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people still remember the magic of Father Christmas from when they were children. As parents, they try to keep that magic alive for their children for as long as they can.
That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those ____41____ regard Christmas ____42____ a special time of year. The man who wrote these letters is one of the most famous ____43____ (name)in English literature—J. R. R. Tolkien, ____44____ English writer, poet and university professor. The letters were Tolkien’s way of keeping Father Christmas alive for his four children, over a period of more than twenty years.
Every Christmas, an envelope with a North Pole stamp arrived. It ____45____ (address)to Tolkien’s children. The children must have been very ____46____ (excite)as they opened the letter to see who ____47____ could be from. Inside, they would find a handwritten letter from Father Christmas. The letters were also ____48____ (beautiful)illustrated—each must have taken its true author, Tolkien, a long time ____49____ (complete).
Letters from Father Christmas tells us that as well as _____50_____ (enjoy)the adventures of Father Christmas, Polar Bear and other characters at the North Pole, we can all share the true spirit of giving at Christmas time.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Liu Haisu was one of the most famous Chinese ____51____(paint) and art educators in the twentieth century. He was good at Chinese painting and oil painting. He was one of the four pioneers of Chinese modern art who earned the title of “The Four Great Academy Presidents”.
Liu Haisu was born in 1896 in Changzhou, China. When he was a kid, he had ____52____ great gift for painting. He studied under Wu Changshuo as a youth.
After founding his co-educational public school in Shanghai in 1912, he ____53____(invite) to speak at many schools all over China. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Liu organized a number of national and international exhibitions, ____54____(travel) first to Japan and then Europe, ____55____ he studied Western oil painting techniques. His books introduced Western art to the Chinese public. He also ____56____(hold) art exhibitions in many countries in Europe, such as France and Italy. Many of Liu’s most important paintings were focused ____57____ the mountain Huangshan, which he climbed 10 times during his life. Mr Liu died at the age of 98, in 1994 in Shanghai, leaving us too many ____58____(value) works. In 1995, the Liu Haisu Art Museum opened in Shanghai, ____59____(devote) to life and works of the _____60_____(art).
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Qian Zhongshu was a Chinese scholar and writer, known for his wit and erudition (博学). Despite failing in mathematics, Qian ____61____(successful) entered the Department of Foreign Languages under Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his ____62____(excellence) performance in Chinese and English languages. In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was to become a successful playwright and translator, and ____63____(marry) her in 1935. In the same year, Qian received government sponsorship ____64____(promote) his studies abroad. Together with his wife, Qian headed for the University of Oxford in Britain. After ____65____(spend) two years at Exeter College, he received a Bachelor of Literature. He studied for one more year in the University of Paris in France, and he didn’t return to China ____66____1938. Qian lived in Shanghai from 1941 to 1945, ____67____was then under Japanese occupation. At that time he devoted ____68____(he) to writing and many of his works were written or published then. A collection of short ____69____ (essay), The Marginalia of Life, was published in 1941. His most celebrated work Fortress Besieged appeared in 1947. On the Art of Poetry, written ____70____classical Chinese was issued in 1948.
5
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Amazon Rainforest is known ____71____ “the lungs of the planet”. However, it now releases more carbon dioxide than it absorbs. This is the conclusion of a study recently ____72____ (publish) in the journal Nature. For the study, scientists took 590 ____73____ (flight) over the Amazon.
So what has gone wrong? There are ____74____ (clear) fewer trees taking in carbon dioxide. More than 17 percent of the trees in the Amazon have disappeared since the 1970s. Meanwhile, farmers get rid of the trees by ____75____ (burn) them. Huge amounts of carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) are released into the air in the process.
The really worrying thing, however, is the southeastern part of the Amazon. This is because the logging(伐木作业) has disturbed the balance of nature. Fewer trees means ____76____ (little) moisture (水分) in the air, ____77____ makes the air drier. The heat causes forest fires to spread more easily. As a result, more trees are killed.
For the Amazon to become “the lungs of the planet” again, we first need to end ____78____ forest fires. It sounds possible but it won’t be easy. Since 2018, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro ____79____ (encourage) people to develop land in the Amazon. If he doesn’t change _____80_____ (he) mind, scientists say, large parts of the rainforest could be turned into savannahs (稀树草原) by 2026.
三、根据所给汉语提示填空
81. The crew were sent to ________（灭火）that had spread over 200 miles.
82. As the wood is wet, it won’t ________（着火）.
83. Travelling can broaden our horizons（眼界）and ________（增加我们的生活阅历）. 84. Four ________（加4）is eight.
85. The two men argued about this matter and neither would ________ to each other. （用give相关短语的适当形式填空）
86. He ________ ________ ________ ________ (被判处死刑) for murdering people on purpose.
87. My younger sister is coming home，so I have to ________ her ________(接载)at the airport.
88. She ______________________ (生下了) a baby last night.
89. The old man ______________ (陷入恐慌中) when he found the door was open.
90. The height of the building ______________(由……到……不等) 10 meters to 30 meters.
91. I want to________ (投诉) his bad attitude.
92. I could have come earlier but my car _________________________(抛锚了) on the road. （break）
93. We got lost a few times even with the help of GPS, but eventually we ____ ____ ____（成功穿越） the Rocky Mountains.
94. The music, exaggerated movements and mime helped ___ the meanings ___ ___(理解意思) the audience.
95. Most of us____ ____ (意识到) that we must take care of the environment, and ____ ____ ____（采取行动）save energy and reduce waste and pollution.
96. It is getting late. Let’s ________ ________ ________ (开始做某事) cooking.
97. I ______ ______(但愿) you will find something that you are passionate about.
98. Visitors ________ ________ ________ ________ (爱上) the quiet town.
99. Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us________（采取措施）to save energy.
100. ________ _________(拍照) is my mother’s hobby.
101. To ____ ______ (表演(节目))this show, Lily practiced over and over again.
102. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to_________ _________(分解), but much less time for paper.
103. In another letter, Father Christmas_________ _________ (抱怨) how he could not stop his helpers playing games with the toys instead of wrapping them up.
104. We started from Vancouver, where we _________ _________(开上车)our vehicle for the trip.
105. New knowledge is constantly being generated and what you already know is being revised all the time, to the extent that it can be difficult to ________ ________ ________ the latest development. ( 与....步调一致，保持....的节奏）
106. Columbus _______ _______searching for a direct sea route to the East indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，坚持寻找一条直通东印度群岛的航线。
107. The moment the bell rang, all the students ________ their papers immediately. （用turn的相关短语填空）
108. However, if I had to give up one of them, I would ________ the TV rather than switch off my cellphone or cut off the Internet. （用turn的相关短语填空）
109. I think I should work hard at English and ________ ________ ________ (不辜负) his expectation.
110. Many people thought she didn’t ______ ______ ______ (符合；达到) Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”, influencing opinions of the movie to some extent.
111. _________________ (从这次经历中，我了解到) being careful is very important and that we can't be too careful, especially in examinations.
112. _______________ (我们可以得出一个结论) our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before.
113. Instead, he ________(从后面走近我，迅速脱下他的夹克) and offered it to me, signaling to me to cover my torn jeans.
114. ________ ________ ________(说实话), I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(极想参加) the activity.
115. We should ________ ________ ________(认识到)the importance of protecting the environment.
116. They ________ ________ ________ ________(自愿帮助) the poor and the old.
117. Don’t eat too much junk food—you’ll get fat. I’ve actually ______ ______ ______ ______(下定决心) to go on a diet. (mind)
118. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________（能轻易地够到书）on the top shelf.
119. As people________（积累更多财富）, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. (
120. The guide ________ (带领我们参观) the gallery, pointing out the most famous painting in the collection.
参考答案
一、
1. B
【解析】考查动词短语、介词短语。句意：如今，我们可以在世界各地移动，而且由于现代的社交媒体工具，我们仍然能与我们想要保持朋友关系的人保持联系。A. correspond with符合，一致，与……通信；regardless of不顾，不管；B. stay in touch with保持联系；due to由于，归功于；C. lose track of不了解……的情况；as well as也；D. look forward to盼望；based on基于。第一空处，情态动词can后由and连接两个并列谓语，根据后半句的“________ modern social media tools”可知，设空处应填动词stay in touch with，意为“与……保持联系”。第二空应填介词短语due to，表前文“我们能保持联系的”原因，作状语。故选B项。
2. A
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：他被委员会开除了，因为他没有尽职尽责。A. pulling his own weight尽职；B. on the edge of his seat兴奋得坐不住的；C. letting off steam释放精力，发泄怒气；D. ticking all the right boxes勾选所有正确的选项。根据题意可知设空处与前边的“wasn’t”一起构成了他被开除的原因，那就是他没有做好自己的本职工作。故选A项。
3. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一些实际的事情可以在我们每个人身上引起共鸣，从而引导我们找到某种突然发现的身份。A.make ends meet收支相抵；B.strike a chord引起共鸣；C.fall into ruin 陷入废墟；D.make a getaway逃走。由后文“suddenly-found identity”以及结合选项可知，B项“引起共鸣”最符合语境。故选B项。
4. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：乐器和音乐家承担着不同的职责：维持、修改、综合和创新，配对成两种关键类型的角色——辅助和主导。A. take out取出；B. take away带走，剥夺；C. take on承担，呈现；D. take up开始从事，占据。结合空后的“different functions”可知，此处指承担着不同的职责，故选C项。
5. C
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：有人说，父亲们应该在家里尽自己的一份力，为劳累过度的职场母亲减轻一些压力。A. seek assistance寻求援助；B. let off his steam发泄他的怒气；C. pull his weight做好他自己份内的工作；D. rise to his feet站起来。根据句中“take some of the pressure off stressed-out working mothers”可推知，句中指父亲们也应该在家里出一份力，做好自己份内的工作，帮助母亲们减轻一些压力。故选C项。
6. D
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：在最后一分钟，我作为替补队员被要求参加学校运动会的1500米比赛，但令人惊讶的是，我得了第三名。A.take away 拿走；B.figure out 弄清楚；C.go over 仔细检查；D.make up 凑足，补齐。分析句意可知，此处表示“替补（队员）”，理解为“凑足人数”，故选D项。
7. A
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：——你觉得尼克昨晚的表现如何？——老实说，他的歌声对我没有吸引力。A. appeal to吸引；B. belong to属于；C. refer to提到；D. occur to 意识到。结合语境可知，评价尼克的表现，是他的歌声对我没有吸引力。故选A项。
8. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当孩子们住得离他们很远时，这些老人感到与世界隔绝了。A. cut down削减；B. cut through穿过；C. cut off切断；D. cut up切碎。由“from the world”可知，句子表示“这些老人感到与世界隔绝了”，空格处意为“切断”，cut off from the world意为“与世界隔绝”，故选C。
9. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我在打扫浴室时偶然发现了它。A. came across偶然发现；B. came over过来；C. came down下降；D. came off成功。根据“ when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.”可知，在打扫浴室时偶然发现了这条项链，所以空处应用短语come across。故选A项。
10. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：汤姆说:“说到单板滑雪，很多想法都会涌现出来。”A. crowd in（想法、问题等）涌上心头，涌入脑海；B. crowd out挤出；C. move in搬进；D. move off离开。由“Many ideas”可知，句子表示“说到单板滑雪，很多想法都会涌现出来”，空格处是crowd in，故选A。
11. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：专家们一致认为，需要创新的农业实践来支持农民和消费者以可承受的成本获得更多食物的需求，但最好的想法尚未出现。A. tend to倾向于；B. have yet to还没有；C. used to用于，过去经常；D. cease to停止。由句意以及but转折可知，此处为have yet to come“尚未出现”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
12. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：按照已故父亲的遗愿，他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业。A. turn over把……翻过来；B. turn in交上；C. take off起飞；D. take over接管。由“he gave up going abroad for further study”和“all businesses as a chief executive officer”可知，句子表示“他放弃了出国深造，以首席执行官的身份接管了所有的企业”，空格处意为“接管”，故选D。
13. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管缺乏经验，但Carla的贡献与我们团队的任何人一样多，她在这个办公室里做好她分内的事。A. gets a load of everything打量，估计；B. loose lips sink ships祸从口出；C. lets off steam宣泄怒火；D. pulls her weight做好分内的事，尽责。根据Carla contributes just as much as anyone on our team可知，Carla在办公室尽职尽责，做好她分内的事，故选D。
14. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一个群体，“夜猫子”倾向于吃不太健康的食物，总体上比早起的人摄入更多的卡路里。A. take in吸收，摄入；B. take up接受，开始从事；C. take after与……像，追赶；D. take over掌管。由语意可知，“夜猫子”因为往往喜欢吃不健康的食物，所以他们吃的食物里多数是热量高的，他们摄入的卡路里自然也多些。故选A项。
15. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：公司建立了一支优秀的创意团队，不断提出新的想法。A. fit in with适合，与……一致；B. go on with继续；C. come up with提出；D. keep up with跟上。根据句意及new ideas可知，设空处应表示“提出新想法”，故选C。
16. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多学生都意识到自己面临的问题，但他们缺乏克服这些问题的勇气。A. are conscious of意识到；B. are embedded in嵌入；C. rent out出租；D. depend on依靠。根据下文“but they lack the courage to overcome them”可推断，学生能够意识到自己的问题。故选A。
17. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：深夜，小偷成功地溜出了画廊，没有引起任何人的注意。slip out of溜出，溜走；slide多指悄悄地滑动。unnoticed在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语the thief 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作伴随状语。故选A。
18. B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：由于成品定价不合理，所以卖得不好。此处sell为不及物动词，表示事物内在的品质和属性，用主动形式表示被动意义。根据句中时态可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故选B。
19. D
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：司机决定加速以赶上前面那辆红色的车。A. sweep up打扫；B. slide into悄悄溜进；C. squeeze out榨取；D. speed up加速。根据“to catch up with the red car ahead.”可知，为了赶上前面那辆红色的车司机决定加速。故选D。
20. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：不管我喜欢与否，对你来说都没有影响，因为你从来不听我的。A.makes a difference 有影响，起作用；B.makes no difference 没有影响，不起作用；C.makes sense讲得通，有意义；D.makes no sense讲不通，没意义。结合后文“because you never listen to me”，可知要表达“不管我喜欢与否，对你来说都没有影响”。故选B。
21. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：令我非常失望的是，我的车在回家的路上抛锚了。A. broke out爆发；B. broke up分手；C. broke down发生故障；D. broke off中断；断交。由上下文可知，此处表示“车发生故障”，故选C。
22. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她就是在会上提出这个令人震惊的建议的那个女孩吗？A. put up建造 ；举起；张贴；B. put down镇压；记下；C. put forward提出；D. put off推迟。由下文“the shocking suggestion”可知，此处表示“提出建议”应用put forward，故选C。
23. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在网上，购物者可以浏览巨大的数字目录。A. look through浏览；B. look at看着；C. look down俯视；D. look up查阅。根据后文“a huge digital catalogue”指浏览数字目录应用look through。故选A。
24. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——她为什么拒绝了你的聚会邀请？——她那天晚上要写一篇文章。A. break up放假；B. turn down拒绝；C. find out发现；D. withdraw from退出。由“She had an essay to finish that evening”可知，她那天晚上要写一篇文章，所以她拒绝了聚会邀请，空格处意为“拒绝”，故选B。
25. A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然这枚戒指不是由真正的钻石制成的，但它的形状和设计仍然吸引着许多年轻女孩。A. appeal to呼吁，吸引；B. fit in适合；C. attend to照料；D. apply for申请。根据“Although the ring is not made of real diamond,”可知，这枚戒指的形状和设计仍然吸引着许多年轻女孩。故选A。
26. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当Sally看到那个女人戴着一顶看起来像灯塔的滑稽帽子时，她突然大笑起来。A. broke down崩溃；B. broke up破裂；C. broke into突然……；D. broke in闯入。由语意可知，这个女的戴着一个像灯塔一样的帽子，这很有趣，所以Sally看到了忍不住突然笑了起来。burst into laughter“突然大笑起来”符合题意。故选C项。
27. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当被问及是否愿意再经历一次这样的经历时，他毫不犹豫地表示“是的”。A. go through经历；B. go out外出；C. bring up培养；D. work out解决。根据句意可知，经历这样的经历”。故选A。
28. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有眼镜，我看不清黑板上的数字是3还是8。A. make out辨认出，看出；B. take up占据，开始从事；C. bring about导致；D. set off动身，出发。根据“Without my glasses”可知，此处指没有眼镜看不清黑板上的数字是3还是8，故选A项。
29. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他希望在他父亲退休时接管生意。A. take charge看管，负责；B. take control掌控；C. take over接管，接替；D. take out取出。根据“when his father retires”可知，此处指他期望在父亲退休时接管生意，故选C项。
30. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：袁隆平生长在中国。A. brought in引进；B. brought up养育、抚养、教育；C. brought back带回、使记起；D. brought down降低。结合“Yuan Longping was born”可知，袁隆平在中国被抚养长大。故选B项。
二、
1
31. are listed
32. that/which
33. shown
34. it
35. to collect
36. reference
37. have been passed
38. of
39. easily
40. historical
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个儿歌列表。
31. 考查时态语态。句意：这里列出了最流行的押韵短诗。主语The most popular rhymes与谓语动词list之间是被动关系，全文以一般现在时为主，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语复数，谓语复数形式。故填are listed。
32. 考查定语从句。句意：即使是长辈也喜欢听这些我们永远耳熟能详的押韵短诗。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为these rhymes，指物，在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词that/which。故填that或which。
33. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些押韵短诗充分体现了教育部门为确保孩子们能说出话而表现出的兴趣。本句已有谓语speak且无连词，动词show用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the interest与show之间是被动关系，show用过去分词，作后置定语。故填shown。
34. 考查it作形式主语。句意：这份清单显然并不详尽，但据信，其中包括了一个很好的儿童著名诗歌的横截面。it be believed that..是固定句型，意为“人们相信……”。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。故填it。
35. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已尽最大努力收集所有来源的童谣，并添加到这里供你参考。固定搭配do one’s best to do sth. (尽某人最大努力做某事)，collect用动词不定式形式。故填to collect。
36. 考查名词。句意：我们已尽最大努力收集所有来源的童谣，并添加到这里供您参考。形容词性物主代词your后跟名词，for one’s reference (供某人参考)。故填reference。
37. 考查时态语态。句意：这些儿童儿歌是多年来流传下来的，由于诗歌的短小性，大多数儿童从很小的时候就很容易记住。根据句中的时间状语over the years可知，谓语动词pass需用现在完成时，pass与主语These nursery rhymes是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语复数，谓语复数形式。故填have been passed。
38. 考查介词。句意：这些儿童儿歌是多年来流传下来的，由于诗歌的短小性，大多数儿童从很小的时候就很容易记住。固定搭配because of(因为，由于)。故填of。
39. 考查副词。句意：这些儿童儿歌是多年来流传下来的，由于诗歌的短小性，大多数儿童从很小的时候就很容易记住。修饰动词短语be remembered by，用副词easily，作状语。故填easily。
40. 考查形容词。句意：对这些童谣的分析将反映出这些童谣创作的历史背景。修饰名词background，用形容词historical (有关历史的)，作定语。故填historical。
2
41. who
42. as
43. names
44. an
45. was addressed
46. excited
47. it##that
48. beautifully
49. to complete
50. enjoying
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一本书《圣诞老人的来信》，它的作者是J.R.R.Tolkien。J.R.R.Tolkien用写信这种特别的方式在二十多年里让孩子们感受圣诞老人的魔力，他可能就是真正的圣诞老人。
41. 考查定语从句。句意：这就是为什么对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说，《圣诞老人的来信》可能是一本完美的书的原因。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who，故填who。
42. 考查固定短语。句意：这就是为什么对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说，《圣诞老人的来信》可能是一本完美的书。regard…as…“把……看做”是固定短语，故填as。
43. 考查名词。句意：写这些信的人是英国文学史上最著名的人物之一——J. R. R.托尔金，一位英国作家、诗人兼大学教授。one of the+最高级+名词复数，是固定短语，表示“最……之一”，名词用复数，故填names。
44. 考查冠词。句意同上。此处“ 4__ English writer, poet and university professor”作同位语，解释说明J. R. R.托尔金，表示泛指用不定冠词，English以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故填an。
45. 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它是写给托尔金的孩子们的。address是谓语动词，it指代上文提到的an envelope，与address之间是被动关系，根据句意描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was addressed。
46. 考查形容词。句意：孩子们拆开信看看是谁寄来的，一定很兴奋。空处作表语，说明主语的感受，表示“感动兴奋的”用形容词excited，故填excited。
47. 考查代词。句意同上。根据语境，空处指代上文提的the letter，用代词it或者that，故填it/that。
48. 考查副词。句意：这些信也加有很漂亮的插图，每张必须由它真正的作者——托尔金——很长时间才能完成。修饰动词用副词作状语，故填beautifullly。
49. 考查不定式。句意：这些信也加有很漂亮的插图，每张必须由它真正的作者——托尔金——花很长时间才能完成。sth takes sb time to do sth“某事花费时间做某事”，故填to complete。
50. 考查非谓语动词。句意：圣诞老人的来信告诉我们，除了享受圣诞老人、北极熊和其他角色在北极的冒险，我们都可以在圣诞节期间分享真正的奉献精神。as well as “也”是固定短语，第二个as是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填enjoying。
3
51. painters
52. a
53. was invited
54. traveling
55. where
56. held
57. on
58. valuable
59. devoted
60. artist
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国著名画家刘海粟。
51. 考查名词复数。句意：刘海粟是二十世纪中国最著名的画家和美术教育家之一。one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词，意为“最……之一”，用名词painter (画家)的复数形式。故填painters。
52. 考查冠词。句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，他有很好的绘画天赋。固定搭配have a gift for“在……方面有天赋”，great是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
53. 考查时态语态。句意：1912年在上海创办男女同校公立学校后，他应邀在全国许多学校发表演讲。主语he与谓语动词invite之间是被动关系，又是过去发生的，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语he第三人称，谓语单数形式。故填was invited。
54. 考查非谓语动词。句意：20世纪二三十年代，刘海粟组织了多次国内外展览，先到日本，后到欧洲学习西方油画技法。本句已有谓语organized且无连词，动词travel用非谓语形式，Liu与travel之间是主动关系，travel用现在分词作状语。故填traveling。
55. 考查定语从句。句意：20世纪二三十年代，刘海粟组织了多次国内外展览，先到日本，后到欧洲学习西方油画技法。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Europe，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
56. 考查时态。句意：他还曾在法国、意大利等欧洲许多国家举办过艺术展览。此处缺谓语动词，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填held。
57. 考查固定搭配。句意：刘海粟的许多重要画作都集中在黄山上，他一生中曾攀登过10次黄山。be focused on是固定搭配，意为“集中于……”。故填on。
58. 考查形容词。句意：刘海粟于1994年在上海逝世，享年98岁，给我们留下了太多有价值的作品。修饰名词works，用形容词valuable，作定语。故填valuable。
59. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1995年，刘海粟美术馆在上海开馆，专门展出刘海粟的生平和作品。此处是非谓语动词作状语，固定搭配be devoted to…意为“致力于……”，此处用过去分词devoted，作状语。故填devoted。
60. 考查名词单数。句意：1995年，刘海粟美术馆在上海开馆，专门展出刘海粟的生平和作品。此处是of所有格，指艺术家的作品，用单数名词artist指代刘海粟。故填artist。
4
61. successfully
62. excellent
63. married
64. to promote
65. spending
66. until
67. which
68. himself
69. essays
70. in
【解析】这是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了钱钟书的生平。
61. 考查副词。句意：尽管数学不及格，钱还是在1929年以优异的中英文成绩成功考入了清华大学外语系。空处在句中修饰后面的动词entered，需用副词形式。故填successfully。
62. 考查形容词。句意：尽管数学不及格，钱还是在1929年以优异的中英文成绩成功考入了清华大学外语系。空处修饰后面的名词performance，作定语，需用形容词形式。故填excellent。
63. 考查时态。句意：钱在清华结识了后来成为成功剧作家和翻译家的妻子杨绛，并1935年与她结婚。由后面的时间状语in 1935可知，本句话应用一般过去时。故填married。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同年，钱钟书获得政府资助，以促进他在国外的学习。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空需要非谓语动词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to promote。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在埃克塞特学院学习两年后，他获得了文学学士学位。空处作前面介词after的宾语，需用动名词形式。故填spending。
66. 考查固定搭配。句意：钱在法国巴黎大学又学习了一年，直到1938年才回到中国。本题考查固定搭配not…until“直到……才”。故填until。
67. 考查定语从句。句意：1941年至1945年，钱住在上海，上海当时是日本占领下。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为Shanghai，指物，先行词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
68. 考查固定短语。句意：当时他致力于写作，他的许多作品都是在当时写的或出版的。devote oneself to…“致力于…”。故填himself。
69. 考查可数名词单复数。句意：1941年出版了短文集《生命的边缘》。根据空前的a collection of可知，空处需要可数名词的复数形式。故填essays。
70. 考查介词。句意：1948年出版了用文言文写成的《论诗歌艺术》。根据空后的classical Chinese可知，表示使用某种语言，需用介词in。故填in。
5
71. as
72. published
73. flights
74. clearly
75. burning
76. less
77. which
78. the
79. has encouraged
80. his
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍亚马逊雨林吸收的二氧化碳数量明显减少，甚至释放的比吸收的还多，因为焚烧、森林大火、伐木等导致树木大量减少，巴西政府不但没有认识到树木减少的危害，反而鼓励开发土地。
71. 考查介词。句意：亚马逊雨林以被称为“地球之肺”而闻名。be known as 为固定搭配。译为“作为……而出名”，后面接的名词表示身份、职业等。故填as。
72. 考查非谓语。句意：这是最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究的结论。本句已有系动词，publish应用非谓语形式，作后置定语，主语与publish之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填published。
73. 考查名词。句意：为了这项研究，科学家们在亚马逊上空飞行了590次。此处flight为可数名词，前面数量为590，故应用复数形式。故填flights。
74. 考查副词。句意：吸收二氧化碳的树木明显减少。空处为副词，修饰形容词fewer，故填clearly。
75. 考查动名词。句意：与此同时，农民通过焚烧树木来摆脱树木。空处前面为介词，后面接动名词，作宾语。故填burning。
76. 考查形容词比较级。句意：更少的树木意味着空气中的水分更少，这使得空气更干燥。由“Fewer trees”（更少的树木）可知此处要用比较级，说明更少的树木会导致更少的水分。故填less。
77. 考查定语从句。句意：更少的树木意味着空气中的水分更少，这使得空气更干燥。空处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。
78. 考查冠词。句意：要让亚马逊再次成为“地球之肺”，我们首先需要结束森林大火。由上文“The heat causes forest fires to spread more easily. As a result, more trees are killed. ”（高温导致森林火灾更容易蔓延，结果更多的树木被杀死。）提到了森林火灾导致更多树木被杀死，可知空处指的就是上文所说的森林大火，应用定冠词特指，故填the。
79. 考查时态。句意：自2018年以来，巴西总统Jair Bolsonaro鼓励人们在亚马逊地区开发土地。可知鼓励开发土地行为是从2018年到现在一直存在的事情，应用现在完成时；主语是Brazilian President为单数名词，与encourage之间是主动关系，应用主动态。故填has encouraged。
80. 考查代词。句意：科学家们说，如果他不改变这一想法，到2026年，大部分热带雨林可能会变成稀树草原。mind是名词，前面用形容词性物主代词，故填his。
三、
81. put out a fire
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：船员们被派去扑灭蔓延了200英里的大火。根据汉语提示可知，表示“灭火”用固定短语put out a fire来表示。故填put out a fire。
82. catch fire
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：因为木头是湿的，所以不会着火。catch fire为固定短语，意为“着火”，won’t 后接动词原形，故填catch fire。
83. add to our life experience
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：旅行可以开阔我们的视野，增加我们的生活经验。分析句子结构可知以及所给提示词，空处的“增加”为谓语，和前句的broaden并列，也用动词原形，译为add to，“我们的生活阅历”应译为our life experience。故填add to our life experience。
84. added to four
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：四加四等于八。数字上的“加”可用动词短语add to 表示；本句已有系动词is，动词add 要用非谓语；主语Four 与add之间为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动态；表示数字“4”用 four。故填added to four。
85. give in
【解析】考查短语。句意：这两个人为这件事争论不休，彼此都不愿意屈服。短语：give in“屈服，投降”，根据句意可知，此处指争论的两人彼此都不服输，即不屈服。故填give in。
86. was sentenced to death
【解析】考查时态和短语。句意：他因为故意谋杀他人被判处死刑。根据汉语提示可知，sentence sb to death固定短语“判处某人死刑”。主语he和动词sentence之间形成动宾关系，所以是被动语态。且表示已经发生过的事情，所以是一般过去时。故填was sentenced to death。
87. pick up
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我妹妹要回家了，所以我得去机场接她。分析句子结构可知have to后应接动词原形，再结合所给中文提示词，“接载”应翻译为pick up。故填①pick②up。
88. gave birth to
【解析】考查一般过去时，动词短语。句意：她昨晚生了一个婴儿。“生下/诞下”英语使用动词短语“give birth to”，根据时间状语last night可知，此句时态为一般过去时，故填gave birth to。
89. got into a panic
【解析】考查一般过去时，动词短语。句意：当老人发现门开着时，他陷入恐慌中。根据从句中谓语动词found可知，此句为一般过去时，“恐慌”英语使用“panic”，“陷入恐慌”英语使用“get into a panic”，故填got into a panic。
90. varies from
【解析】考查一般现在时，动词短语。句意：建筑物的高度从10米到30米不等。根据所给句子可知，此处需要使用动词短语作谓语，“由……到……不等”英语使用动词短语“vary from”，根据所给句子句意分析可知，此句表示陈述一般事实，因此需要使用一般现在时，主语为The height为单数，因此谓语需要使用第三人称单数形式。故填varies from。
91. complain about
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我想投诉他差劲的态度。根据汉语提示“投诉”，以及want后跟不定式to do作宾语可知，空处应该填写complain或其短语形式。因空后接his bad attitude，则空处需为能接名词作宾语的及物动词或短语。complain about为及物动词短语，后可接宾语，意为抱怨、投诉。故填complain about。
92. broke down
【解析】考查短语和时态。句意：我本来能来得更早，但是车在路上抛锚了。根据所给汉语意思和提示词可知是短语break down，根据“I could have come earlier ”可知事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填broke down。
93. made it across
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：即使有GPS的帮助，我们还是迷路了几次，但是最终我们成功穿越了落基山脉。分析句子结构可知，句子当中缺少谓语，且给了三个空，“成功穿越”可用make it across，前句用的是一般过去时，本句也应用一般过去时。故应填made it across。
94. get across to
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：音乐、夸张的动作和哑剧帮助观众理解了其中的含义。根据汉语提示“理解意思”可知设空处的固定搭配get sth across to sb意为 “某人理解…的意思”，以及空前的help sb do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，故填get across to。
95. have realized take action to
【解析】考查动词时态和动词短语。句意：我们大多数人 已经意识到我们必须照顾环境和采取行动节约能源和减少浪费和污染。“意识到”译为“realize”，根据句意判断应该用现在完成时，主语是“Most of us”，助动词用have；“采取行动”译为“take action to do sth.”，和前文 “take care of ”并列放在情态动词must之后，用动词原形。故填 ①have ②realized ③take ④action ⑤to。
96. get down to
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：时间不早了，让我们开始做饭吧。根据句意和汉语提示，可知此处为短语get down to doing …，表示“开始做某事”，同时根据前文的let后接动词原形，故填写get down to 。
97. would rather
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我但愿你能找到你热爱的东西。would rather (但愿)。故填①would ②rather。
98. fall in love with
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：游客们爱上这个安静的小镇。分析句子可知，缺少谓语动词。“爱上”是短语fall in love with，表示事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。故填fall in love with。
99. take actions
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我们大多数人都意识到我们必须保护环境，我们大多数人都采取行动节约能源。“采取行动”英文表达为“take actions”。故填take actions。
100. Taking photos##pictures
【解析】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：拍照是妈妈的爱好。短语：take photos/pictures“拍照”，空白处在句中为主语，表示习惯性动作，所以用动名词形式。故填①Taking②photos/pictures。
101. put on
【解析】考查短语。句意：为了表演这个节目，莉莉一遍又一遍的练习。短语：put on“表演”为固定短语，空前to为不定式，所以此处应用原形。故填①put②on。
102. break down
【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸则需要更短的时间。分析句子且根据汉语提示可知，It为形式主语，空处为不定式结构，作句子真正的主语，应填动词短语原形break down，表示“分解”。故填①break②down。
103. complained about
【解析】考查动词短语搭配和谓语动词时态。句意：在另一封信中，圣诞老人抱怨他无法阻止他的助手们玩玩具，而不是把玩具包起来。根据空后could可知，空处谓语动词应用一般过去时，结合汉语提示可知，空处应填动词短语complained about，表示“抱怨”。故填①complained②complained。
104. picked up
【解析】考查时态和动词短语搭配。句意：我们从温哥华出发，在那里我们搭上了我们的车。根据主句谓语动词started可知，时间发生在过去，应用一般过去时，又根据汉语提示可知，空处应填picked up，表示“开上车”。故填①picked②up。
105. keep pace with
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：新的知识不断产生，你所学的知识也在不断得到修正，以致于你很难跟上最新的发展。分析句子结构，extent后面that引导同位语从句，从句中，it是形式主语，difficult后面的to与空格处构成不定式，充当that引导的从句中真正的主语，且根据汉语提示“与……步调一致，保持……的节奏”，空格处需填keep pace with。故填①keep ②pace ③with。
106. insisted on
【解析】考查动词短语。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知，本句要填的是谓语部分，需要填动词短语“坚持（insist on）”，因为本句说的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填insisted on。
107. turned in
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：铃一响，所有的学生立刻交卷。turn in是固定搭配，意为“上交”。分析句子时态可知，turn in的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填turned in。
108. turn off
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：然而，如果我必须放弃其中的一个，我会关掉电视，而不是关掉我的手机或切断互联网。根据句意表示“关闭”短语为turn off，would后跟动词原形。故填turn off。
109. live up to
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我认为我应该努力学习英语，不辜负他的期望。结合句意及汉语提示可知此处表示“不辜负”，短语为live up to，又根据前边的should work hard 可知这里与work hard一致，放在情态动词should后用动词原形。故填①live②up③to。
110. live up to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：许多人认为她辜负了海伦“世界上最美丽的女人”的这个称号，这在一定程度上影响了人们对这部电影的看法。分析句子，该空需要一个动词短语作谓语，根据汉语提示“符合；达到”，动词短语live up to 符合题意，根据空前的助动词didn't可知，该空动词用使用原形。故填①live② up ③to。
111. From this experience, I learned that
【解析】考查时态，动词短语、名词和宾语从句的连接词。陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态；动词短语“从……中了解到……”可表达为learn...from...；设空处后接句子，为谓语动词learn的宾语从句，从句前可加连接词that；名词”经历”表达为experience。结合其他汉语提示，故填：From this experience, I learned that。
112. We can draw a conclusion that
【解析】考查动词短语和同位语从句的连接词。句意：我们可以得出一个结论——我们的社会在进步，人们的生活比以往任何时候都好。动词短语“得出一个结论”可译为draw a conclusion，conclusion后接同位语从句，应用that作连接词。结合其他汉语提示，故填：We can draw a conclusion that。
113. approached me from behind, took off his jacket swiftly
【解析】考查时态和动词短语。动词短语“走近我”表达为approach me；“脱下他的夹克”表达为take off his jacket；副词“迅速”表达为swiftly；修饰“take off his jacket”。设空处的两个动作后接and offered it to me，表动作先后关系，故用一般过去时态。结合其他中文提示，应填approached me from behind, took off his jacket swiftly。
114. To be honest am dying to participate in
【解析】考查固定搭配和动词。句意：说实话，我极想参加这个活动。根据汉语提示，表示“说实话”应该用to be honest。to置于句首，首字母要大写；在句中作状语；表示“渴望做某事”应用be dying to do sth。根据句意，句子描述的是现在一直渴望做某事，故应该使用现在进行时；表示“参加”应该使用participate in。故答案为 To be honest 诚实地说； am dying to participate in极想参加。
115. be aware of
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们应该认识到保护环境的重要性。根据所给汉语可知，be aware of 为固定搭配，意为“意识到”，且情态动词should后用动词原形。故填①be②aware③of。
116. are voluntary to help
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们自愿帮助穷人和老人。根据所给汉语可知，be voluntary to help为固定搭配，意为“自愿帮助”，且时态为一般现在时。故填①are ②voluntary ③to ④help。
117. made up my mind
【解析】考查短语和时态。句意：不要吃太多垃圾食品，你会发胖的。实际上我已经下定决心节食了。根据汉语提示，空处应用短语make up one’s mind，结合语意，此处表示我下定决心，应用形容词性物主代词my，表示“我的”，I’ve是I have的缩写，空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与have构成现在完成时。故填①made ②up ③my ④mind。
118. can easily reach the books
【解析】考查情态动词、副词与动词短语。句意：Samuel，我们班个子最高的男孩，他可以很容易地够到顶层书架上的书。分析句子可知，空处表示“够到书”应用动宾短语reach the books。表示“能力”应用can。表示“轻易地”应用副词easily，修饰动宾短语。故填can easily reach the books。
119. accumulate more wealth
【解析】考查动词，名词及时态。句意：随着人们积累更多财富，他们往往会花掉收入的很大一部分。表示“积累更多财富”应使用 accumulate more wealth，该动词短语as引导的状语从句中作谓语，应使用一般现在时，主语为复数人称。故填accumulate more wealth。
120. guided us around
【解析】考查时态和动词短语搭配。句意：导游带我们参观了美术馆，指出了馆藏中最著名的一幅画。分析句子可知，本句描述一般过去事实，应用一般过去时。根据汉语提示可知，表示“带领我们参观”应用guided us around。故填guided us around。
相关试卷
热点10 典型结构在写作中的运用-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练： 这是一份热点10 典型结构在写作中的运用-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练，文件包含热点10典型结构在写作中的运用解析版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx、热点10典型结构在写作中的运用原卷版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共73页， 欢迎下载使用。
热点09 语法填空中的词汇法-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练： 这是一份热点09 语法填空中的词汇法-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练，文件包含热点09语法填空中的词汇法解析版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx、热点09语法填空中的词汇法原卷版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共42页， 欢迎下载使用。
热点08 特殊句式的运用-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练： 这是一份热点08 特殊句式的运用-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练，文件包含热点08特殊句式的运用解析版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx、热点08特殊句式的运用原卷版-十年20132022高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共89页， 欢迎下载使用。
