2023英语高考命题总复习----动词的时态和语态

这是一份2023英语高考命题总复习----动词的时态和语态，共16页。

考点五 动词的时态和语态
第一步 精准刷题
(一)单句语法填空
1.(2021·全国甲卷)It________ (build) originally to protect the city of the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复)。
2.(2021·全国甲卷)We________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
3.(2021·浙江高考)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
4.(2021·浙江高考)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and________ (sell) most of their furniture.
5. (2022·福建省厦门第一中学高三月考)In France, the number of students learning Chinese in the same age group________ (increase)by 400% between 2007 and 2017.
6.(2022·河南省重点高中高三阶段性调研联考)According to Qu Qi, a person in charge of a restaurant in Xuhui district, a sign________ (put) up on the tables to inform people of the importance of using serving utensils, since the start of business on February 21.
7.(2021·浙江诸暨市高三模拟)The popularity of plastic, which________ (begin) rising in the 1950s, is growing out of control-18.2 trillion pounds of plastic has been produced.
8.(2021·四川成都高三三诊)My friend Tony, who________ (study) acupuncture at a college near London at the time, suggested that I visit an acupuncturist.
9.(2022·河南省郑州市第一O六高级中学月考)In the past few decades, eBooks________ (develop) dramatically.
10.(2021·湖南省五市十校高三第二次大联考)Their creativity, patience, and respect for life________ (stimulate) as they learn to take care of animals on their own.
11.(2022·广州外国语学校、广州大学附中、广州铁一中高三第一次联考)Surfing________ (change) her “inside and out”。
12.(2022·重庆市秀山高级中学校高三月考)The making procedure can________ (divide) into three parts, while the basic one remains the same.
13.(2022·福建省泉州科技中学高三期中考试)China launched a large robotic spacecraft early Tuesday morning at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in South China's Hainan Province, tasking it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after such extraterrestrial substances(外星物质) ________ (bring) back to Earth the last time.
14.(2022·重庆市巴蜀中学高三月考)By the end of last year,920 online parenting education schools for primary and secondary schools________ (establish) across Zhejiang, accounting for 15 percent of the province's primary and secondary schools.
15.(2022·广东省深圳市七校联合体高三第一次联考)Although the species is still endangered, the conservation efforts________ (think)to be working.
16.(2021·广东省广州市高三阶段训练)One particular invention from this period made a mark on the world; moveable type(活字印刷术)-that is, individual blocks that could print a single letter and then________ (use) again.
17.(2021·辽宁省高三新联合调研)He was a person who________ (consider) as a bum(流浪汉)。
18.(2021·河南省南阳市第一中学高三第二次月考)Large quantities of money________ (send) to the earthquake victims to date.
19.(2021·湖北省黄冈市部分普通高中高三联考)More than 42,000 medical workers from across the country________ (send) to Hubei to fight the disease.
20.(2022·广东省深圳市七校联合体高三第一次联考)In 2012,Earth-watch Institute, a global nonprofit which teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important environmental research, ________ (launch)program based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve.
21.(2021·湖北省六校高三联考)Microfibers(微纤维)of jeans________ (discover) in water samples in the past 6 months.
22.(2022·广东广州高三月考)He________ (educate) in law at University College London.
23.(2022·浙江名校协作体高三联考)As the major habitat of wild Asian elephants, Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province________ (see) a significant growth in its population of elephants and other wild animals in recent decades.
24.(2022·湖北荆门高三摸底考试)Lady Meng Jiang's husband________ (force) to build the Great Wall just three days after they got married.
25.(2022·广东深圳高三第一次教学质量检测)As the first champion of the 2020 Games, Yang Qian________ (award) her medal by International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach.
26.(2022·江苏南京高三学情调研)But the reason why the video, which runs for around two minutes and is titled Rhapsody on the Luo Riter Goddess, created such an impression and has generated such a wave of publicity, is that it________ (shoot) underwater.
27.(2022·山东省师范大学附属中学高三摸底开学测试)The rise in temperature________ (lead) to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
28.(2022·重庆市南开中学高三第一次教学质量检测)A new study investigating the phenomenon________ (indicate) that earworms invading our brains at night can cause problems getting to sleep and staying asleep.
29.(2022·重庆外国语学校高三摸底学测试)In modem times, the old Silk Road routes are still used, but now they
________ (cross)by trains instead of camels and horses.
30.(2022·江苏南京高三摸底检测)Three tourists who________ (find)scrawling(乱涂)on the wall of Badaling section of the Great Wall were detained(拘留)and fined last Sunday, the police announced.
答案:
1.was built [句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全被修复。动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语 the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单数。故填 was built.]
2.hired [句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还是管用。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填hired.]
3.has proved/has proven [句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据设空后“since it opened to the public”可知，设空处应用现在完成时。故填 has proved/has proven.]
4.sold [句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。根据时间状语in 1861可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填sold.]
5.increased [句意：在法国，从2007年到2017年，同年龄段学习汉语的学生数量增加了400%.根据 between 2007 and 2017 可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填increased.]
6.has been put [句意：根据负责徐汇区一家饭店的屈奇所说，从2月21号开始营业以来，一个标志牌已经被摆放在桌子上告知人们使用公筷的重要性。根据设空后 since the start of business on February 21可知，此处应用现在完成时；a sign与put之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填 has been put.]
7.began [句意：从20世纪50年代开始，塑料越来越受欢迎，但现在已经超出了控制－人们生产了18.2万亿磅塑料。根据设空后 in the 1950s可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填began.]
8.was studying [句意：我的朋友托尼当时正在伦敦附近的一所大学学习针灸，他建议我去看一名针灸师。根据设空后 at the time和suggested 可知，此处应用过去进行时。故填 was studying. ]
9.have developed [句意；在过去的几十年里，电子书迅猛发展。根据设空前 In the past few decades 可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为eBooks,助动词用have.故填 have developed.]
10.will be stimulated [此处用将来时，而且主语和谓语动词stimulate为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be stimulated.]
11.has changed [句意：冲浪从内到外改变了她。本句强调冲浪对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。故填 has changed.]
12.be divided [句意；制作过程可分为三部分，但基本步骤不变。主语 The making procedure 与divide为被动关系，且置于can之后。故填 be divided.]
13.were brought [句意：周二清晨，在中国南部海南省文昌航天发射中心发射了一艘大型机器人航天器，任务是登陆月球并带回月球样本，距离上次这类外星物质被带回地球已经44年了。动词 bring和主语 such extraterrestrial substances之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，这是44年前的事情，应用一般过去时，且主
语为复数。故填 were brought.]
14.had been established [句意：截至去年年底，浙江全省中小学巳建立920所网上家长教育学校，占全省中小学总数的15%.动词establish 与主语 920 online parenting education schools 之间是被动关系，根据时间状语By last year可知，此处应用Had been established. ]
15.are thought [句意：尽管这个物种依然面临灭绝，保护措施被认为是有效的。根据设空前is可知，此处应用一般现在时，efforts 和 think之间为被动关系，应用般现在时的被动语态，且主语 efforts是复数。故填
are thought.]
16.be used [and并列连接print 和设空处，又主语 blocks 与谓语use为被动关系，且置于co之后。故填
Be used.]
17.was considered [根据主句“He a person"可知，从旬用一般过去时，person与consider之间是被动关系，设空处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was considered. ]
18,have been sent [句意：迄今为止，已向地震灾民提供了大量的资金。句中 Large quantities of money 作主语，所以谓语动词需要用复数。根据句意可知，句子要使用现在完成时。money和send之间是被动关系，应使用现在完成时的被动结构。故填have been sent.]
19.were sent [根据语境可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时。所给动词在句中作谓语，并且send与主语“More than 42,000 medical workers”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，又因主语为复数概念。故填 were sent.]
20.launched [句意：2012年，地球观察研究所，一个联合志愿者和科学家进行重要环境研究工作的非营利组织，发起了一个以卧龙自然保护区为基础的项目。根据“In 2012”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 launched.]
21.have been discovered [根据设空后“in the past 6 months”可知，应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语为Microfibers,助动词用have.故填have been discovered.]
22.was educated [主语He与educate之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was educated.]
23.has seen [句意：作为野生亚洲象的主要栖息地，云南省西双版纳傣族自治州的大象和其他野生动物的数量近几十年来有了显著增长。根据设空后 in recent decades可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语 Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture 为第三人称单数，助动词应用has.故填 has seen.]
24.was forced [句意；孟姜女的丈夫被迫在他们结婚三天后就去修建长城。根据设空后gol可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语Lady Meng Jiang's husband 和force之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Lady MengJiang husband是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was forced. ]
25.was awarded [句意；作为2020年奥运会的首位冠军，杨倩由国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫亲自颁奖。本句在描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语YangQian与谓语 award之间为被动关系。故填 was awarded.]
26.was shot [句意：但这段时长约两分钟、名为《洛河女神狂想曲》的视频之所以能给人留下如此深刻的印象，并引发如此大的宣传热潮，是因为它是在水下拍摄的。it 指代 the video与shoot之间为被动关系，且根据设空前 created 可知，动作发生在过去，设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语i是单数。故填 was shot.]
27.has led [句意：全球气温上升导致极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，还造成人员伤亡。表示到现在为止已经造成的影响，应用现在完成时，且主语The rise是单数，助动词应用 has.故填 has led.]
28.indicates [句意：一项针对这一现象的新研究表明，洗脑音乐在夜间入侵我们的大脑，会导致入睡和保持唾眠问题。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为A new study,谓语应用第三人称单数。故填indicates.]
29.are crossed［根据now可知，此处应用一般现在时，they 与cross之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语 they是复数。故填are crossed.]
30.were found［句意：上周日，警方宣布，三个游客被发现在八达岭长城的部分墙上乱涂而被拘留和罚款。who引导定语从句，指代先行词Three tourists,为复数名词，且在从句中作主语，tourists和find之间是被动关系，根据设空后 were detained 可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 were found.]
(二)单句表达
1.(2021·辽宁省六校协作体高三第一次联考)在那里，他了解了巢湖的情况，表扬了投入抗洪救灾的军队，并了解了该省的科技创新工作。
There he learned about the condition of Chaohu Lake,______________________ devoted to flood relief work, and______________________ the province's scientific innovation work.
2.(2022·广东广州高三月考)我一直在考虑如何庆祝我的高中毕业。
And I______________________ how I was going to celebrate my high school graduation.
3.(2022·湖南长郡高三测试)我们想知道如果该信号被发送到计算机，然后再次播放会发生什么。
We want to find out what happens if that signal______________________ and then played back again.
4.(2022·广东广州外国语学校高三第一次联考)最近我一直在画这些袋子；这不是一个赚钱的项目－我几乎没有支付材料的费用。
Lately I______________________ these bags; it wasn't a money-making project-I barely covered the cost of materials.
5.(2022·广东深圳高品第一次教学质量检测)莉莉一直在房间里拉小提琴，她急忙来到客厅。
Lily, who______________________ in her room, hurried to the living room.
6.(2022·河北百师联盟高三第一次联测)今年5月，又有474例报告，再次发出警告。
Then again, in May this year, with 474 cases reported, another warning______________________.
7.(2022·河北邯郸高三摸底考试)他终于知道了魔法椅的工作原理，并体验了他祖父一直在谈论的魔法。
He finally knew how the magic chair worked and experienced the magic that his grandfather______________________.
8.(2022·湖北荆门高三摸底考试)我试图打开房子的前门，但一些建
\筑材料从门上掉了下来。
I tried to open the front door of the house, but some construction material______________________ the door.
9.(2022·湖北武汉市五校联合体高三联考)III-设计的照明洗去了夜晚的黑暗，彻底改变了包括我们自己在内的多种生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。
III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels-and light rhythms-to which many forms of life, including ourselves, ______________________.
10.(2022·湖南长沙高三月考)他们中的一些人同意目前的医学思想，但其他人没有通过时间的考验。
Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others______________________ the test of time.
11.(2022·江苏南京师范大学附属中学高三测试)一位网友在抖音上发布的一段烹饪短片最近在该网站上大受欢迎。
A short cooking video posted by a netizen on Tiktok______________________ a popular hit on the site.
12.(2022·江苏苏州高三检测)我有几个亲密的朋友，他们自己在婴儿时期被收养，还有几个朋友收养了孩子。
And I have several dear friends who were themselves adopted as infants, and several others who______________________ children.
13.(2022·山东青岛高三摸底检测)她已经一百多岁了，但她并没有因此停止工作。
She is over a century old, but she______________________ her from working.
14.(2022·山东师范大学附属中学高三摸底考试)近年来，女登山运动员的人数一直在上升。
The number of female climbers______________________ in recent years.
15.(2022·浙江省高三摸底测试)如果你注意到你最近体重增加了，那么坐着是体重增加的原因之一。
If you______________________ that you have gained weight recently, sitting is one reason for weight gain.
答案:
1.praised military forces; learned about
2.had been considering
3.is sent to the computer
4.had been painting
5.had been playing the violin
6.was issued
7.had been talking about
8.had fallen across
9.have adapted
10.have not passed
11.has recently become
12.have adopted
13. hasn't let that stop
14.has been rising
15.have noticed
(三)翻译
1.(2022·江苏省淮安市高三调研)独立是很难实现的。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2022·辽宁省六校高三联考)有一些最好和最稳定的冲浪，海滩吸引了来自悉尼各地的冲浪爱好者。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.(2022·浙江名校协作体高三检测)现在已经证实，他将通过一部新的纪录片，让影迷们对他的疯狂生活有更深刻的了解，据信这部纪录片包含了电影中许多被遗漏的部分。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.(2022·重庆南开中学高三第一次联考)在短短几个月里，他们教会我们接受无法改变的处境，并在可以改变的地方找到快乐。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.(2022·江苏南京高三摸底检测)但自从他去世后，他的名字给别人带来了名声和荣耀。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.Independence is something that can be difficult to achieve.
2.Having some of the best and most consistent surf, the beach attracts board lovers from all over Sydney.
3. It has now been confirmed he's set to give fans an even deeper insight into his crazy life with a new documentary, which is believed to include many of the parts left out of the movie.
4.In a few short months, they have taught us to accept situations we can't change and find joy where we can.
5.But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.

第二步 精深学习
［精讲］
时态种类
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
is/am/are done
一般过去时
did
was/were done
一般将来时
will/shall do
will/shall be done
现在进行时
is/am/are doing
is/am/are being done
现在完成时
has/have done
has/have been done
过去完成时
had done
had been done
过去进行时
was/were doing
was/were being done
过去将来时
would do
would be done
现在完成进行时
has/have been doing
-
一、一般现在时
1.表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
2.表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
3.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
4.少数用于表示起止的动词如 come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。
Time and tide wait for no man.
岁月不等人。
二、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用一般过去时。
2.如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用一般过去时。
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
他告诉我昨晚他阅读了一篇有趣的小说。
三、一般将来时
1.表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall+动词，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week等。
2.表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
3.表示趋向行为的动词如 come, go, start, begin, leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
4.be going to, will/shall do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：
(1)be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to表示将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则可以，表示意愿。
(2)shall/will do 表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
(3)be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
(4)be about to do 表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
秋收即将开始。
四、现在进行时
1.表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；go, come, leave等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always, often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。
The girl is always talking loud in public.
在公共场合这个女孩总是大声说话。
2.下面四类动词一般不用现在进行时。
(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词；like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。
(2)表示存在状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem等。
(3)表示行为结果的动词；allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。
(4)表示感官的动词；see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。
五、现在完成时
1.现在完成时除可以和for, since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months, weeks，in recent years, so far, up to now 等
2.下列句型中常用现在完成时：
It is(has been)+一段时间＋since从句
This(That/It) is the first(second...)time that+现在完成时
This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting...+that+现在完成时
3.在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
如果你完成实验，你将更好地理解这个理论。
六、过去完成时
常用过去完成时的几种情况：
(1)在by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since, than后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。
The train had left before we reached the station.
在我们到达车站前，火车已经离开了。
(2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用 had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned...+to have done.
We had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece.
我们本打算去意大利，但是后来赢得了去希腊的旅行
(3)“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。
The letter came a few days ago,
这封信是几天前寄来的
七、过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他正在阅读一本有趣的书、
八、过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
He always said that he would study hand at that time.
他那时总是说他会努力学习的。
九、现在完成进行时
1.表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。多用延续性动词。
I've been learning English for 10 years.
我已经学习英语10年了。
2.表示“刚才，近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续。
My hands are dirty; I've been cleaning the room.
我的手很脏；我一直在打扫房间。
3.表示动作的重复性。
You have been asking the same question these days.
这些天你一直在问同样的问题。
十、被动语态的用法
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.
除了经理之外，所有雇工都被鼓励在家网上工作。
【特别注意】“get+过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
十一、被动语态的特殊用法
1.英语中有很多动词，如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily, well等副词连用。
The machine runs well.
这台机器运作良好。
2.表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, look 等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
3.在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词，worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这个房子需要修理。
4.在某些“主语(人／物)＋be+形容词＋不定式”中，不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有 nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting 等。
The problem is difficult to work out.
这个问题很难处理。
5.be to rent/blame((房屋)出租／对某事应负责任的)也属于主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake?
谁对这个错误负责？

［检测］
(一)单句语法填空
1.(2022·山东省济南市高三摸底考试)The rover________ (equip) with a suite of six instruments and cameras to study the surface.
2.(2021·山东新高考质量测评联盟高三联合调研监测)So far seven of the 12 statues including the horse________ (come) back to China.
3.(2022·重庆市西南大学附属中学高三摸底考试)Since her victory, her mailbox________ (flood) with offers of sponsorship, partnerships, and other prospective deals.
4.(2021·辽宁吉林松原市实验高级中学高三模考)These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, ________ (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.
5.(2022·广东省广州市省实、执信、广雅、六中高三联考)They didn't take many chances in their lives; they usually
________ (follow)orders.
6.(2022·广东省高三省级联考)Another picture________ (shoot) by a separate camera, displaying the rover and the landing platform together.
7.(2021·重庆市高三第二次预测性考试)The American space agency, NASA, ________ (release) its latest plan to place the first humans on the moon since 1972.
8.(2021·重庆七中高三第四次学情检测)With delicate fingers, he peeled back the layers of plastic wrap until the half-eaten sandwich________ (uncover).
9.(2022·广东高三阶段性测试)As the name indicates, the hotel________ (construct) entirely from ice and, therefore, has to be rebuilt every year!
10.(2022·河南中原名校高三教学质量检测)As the bus drove across Sydney Harbor Bridge, the city's famous Sydney Opera House________ (come) into sight.
答案:
1.is equipped [句意：月球车配备了六套仪器和相机来研究（月球）表面。be equipped with 表示“配备”，此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为rover,谓语动词应用单数。故填 is equipped.]
2.have come [句意：到目前为止，十二尊雕像中有七尊被运回中国，其中包括马像。根据设空前So far可知，此处应用现在完成时；句子主语为复数 seven of the 12 statues,谓语应用复数。故填have come.]
3.has been flooded [句意：自从她获胜后，她的邮箱里就挤满了赞助、合作和其他潜在交易的邀约。mailbox与flood是被动关系，且根据设空前 since her victory可知，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填 has been flooded.]
4.were carved [句意：这些有三千年历史的符号，甲骨文，刻在甲壳或动物的骨头上，可以让我们了解古人如何看待周围的世界，以及他们伟大的创造力。根据句意以及These 3000-year –old symbols可知，这些文字是在3,000年前雕刻，属于过去发生的事实，此处应用一般过去时；主语 These 3000-year-old symbols 是复
数，且与动词carve是被动关系。故填 were carved.]
5.followed [句意：他们一生中没有太多机会；他们通常服从命令。根据设空前didn't可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填followed.]
6.was shot [句意：另一张照片是由另一台相机拍摄的，同时显示了火星车和着陆台。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，且主语 Another picture 与shoot 构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was shot.]
7.has released [句意：美国航天局（NASA)公布了自1972年以来首次将人类送上月球的最新计划。根据since 1972可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语 The American space agency 是单数概念，谓语动词用单数。故填 has released.]
8.was uncovered [句意：它用灵活的爪子，把三明治的包装纸剥下来，直到吃剩一半的三明治露出来。设空处在从句中作谓语，uncover 与主语 the half-eaten sandwich 为被动关系，应用被动语态，根据主句中的peeled可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填was uncovered.]
9.is constructed [根据句意可知，陈述事实，应用一般现在时；主语 hotel和谓语动词construct之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填 is constructed.]
10.came [句意：当公共汽车驶过悉尼港大桥时，这座城市著名的悉尼歌剧院映入眼帘。根据设空前谓语动词drove可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填came.]
(二)语法填空
(2022·广东省普通高中高三阶段性质量检测)Although the history of kites has been debated, there is evidence of kite flying in China from more than 2,000 years ago! There is one Chinese legend that suggests that
a peasant's straw hat flew off his head, but followed him in the air 1 (attach) to a thread from his clothing-perhaps the first 2 (inspire)for kites?
It is also said that General Han Hsin flew a kite for the walls of a city he was attacking, 3 (measure) the tunnel his troops needed to build. Kite flying spread by traders from China to Korea and then to India. Monks
used bamboo and silk kites for 4 (religion) and ceremonial purposes, sending messages and prayers to the spirit world. In 1295,Marco Polo 5 (document) their construction and how to fly kites, and interest spread for hundreds of years. During the 6 (eighteen) century, kites started to be used in 7 field of science.
Nowadays, kite flying festivals 8 (hold) around the world. In Asia, there are often "kite fights", 9 participants attempt to cut their competitor's kites down. In Indonesia, India, Vietnam and China, kite flying is 10 sport and recreation, In other countries, kite flying is children's play like during the New Year holidays.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述风筝的由来和发展。
1.attached [考查非谓语动词。句意：有一个中国传说，一个农民的草帽从他的头上飞了下来，但是连着他衣服上的一根线在空中跟着他－－也许这是风筝的最初灵感？attach和逻辑主语a peasant's straw hat之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填 attached.]
2.inspiration [考查词性转换。根据 the first可知，设空处应用名词，inspiration 意为“灵感”，且此处表示单数。故填 inspiration.]
3.to measure [考查非谓语动词。句意；据说，韩信将军曾在他进攻的一座城市的城墙上放风筝，以测量他的部队需要修建的隧道。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to measure.]
4.religious［考查词性转换。句意：僧侣们用竹子和丝绸风筝来进行宗教和仪式，向精神世界传递信息和祈祷。设空处和ceremonial 为and连接的并列成分，应用形容词作定语，修饰名词purposes.故填religious. ]
5,documented［考查动词的时态。句意：1295年，马可波罗记录了风筝的构造和放风等的方法，人们对风筝的兴趣流传了几百年。根据设空前In1295可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 documented.]
6.eighteenth [考查数词。句意：在十八世纪，风筝开始被用于科学领域。根据句意可知，此处表示“在十八世纪”，应用序数词。故填 eighteenth.]
7.the [考查冠词。根据“field of science”可知，此处特指“科学领域”，应用定冠词表示特指。故填the.]
8.are held [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，世界各地都有放风筝的节日。句子主语 kite flying festivals和hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据设空前 Nowadays可知，此处应用一般现在时，festivals是复数，谓语动词应用复数。故填are held.]
9.where [考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在亚洲，经常有“斗风筝”，参与者试图把对手的风筝切断。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句修饰先行词“kite fight”，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用 where引导。故填 where.]
10.both [考查代词。句意：在印度尼西亚、印度、越南和中国，放风筝既是运动也是娱乐。此处表示“。。和···两者都”，为短语 both...and....故填both.]