高中英语上教版（2020）必修 第一册4 My space课时训练

Unit 4  Customs and Traditions

单元素养评估测试卷

 第一卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Our Vanishing Nights

If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, (21)________ ________ most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain (22) ________ we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

 The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences – called light pollution – whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky, (23)________ it’s not wanted, instead of focusing it downward. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and radically alters the light levels – and light rhythms – (24)________ ________ many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.

Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species (25)________ (be) astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and (26)________ many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, (27)________ (throw) nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including most other creatures. We do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, (28)________ light itself.

Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut (29)________ off from our evolutionary and cultural patrimony (遗产) — the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us (30)________ (forget) the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __31__ at the supermarket. Since you really__32__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__33__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.

Governments don't have to__34__healthier lifestyles through laws, for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__35__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.

The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __36__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__37__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __38__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__39__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __40__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

III. Reading

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though   41   you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are   42   in many ways many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would   43   many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine（咖啡因）as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.

I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight's sleep and tomorrow's school performance,   44   nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well   45   the theme of this article.

The power of caffeine

Caffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes   46   symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts' diets

How much is healthy?

Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy.   47   , it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium（钙）Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less Likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume   48   amounts of caffeine a day（≤100 mg）.

Caffeine's   49  

Acceding to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are   50   to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to（归因于）caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after   51   thus causing teens' worse performance the next day, It is widely assumed that adequate sleep   52   proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning（突触修剪）when unnecessary connections are promoted.

Caffeine labeling

Caffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a   53   . It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required, Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that   54   to reduce swelling（肿块）.

Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish（无精打采的）, you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other   55   ways to boost energy so that you can master adulating better than many adults.

41. A. potentially         B. necessarily         C. developmentally    D. materially

42. A mature           B. experienced       C. productive          D. disciplined

43. A. delight             B. assist            C. intensify          D. discourage

44. A.promote.             B. frustrate          C. liberate         D. exclude

45. A.call for              B. account for        C. turn to           D. appeal to

46. A. withdrawal          B. addiction        C. nutrition          D. infection

47. A. Therefore           B. Instead            C. Moreover         D. Otherwise

48. A. initial              B. sufficient          C. moderate.          D. stable

49. A. reputations          B. confirmations       C. implications        D. disadvantages

50. A. subjected            B. alerted            C. reduced          D. opposed

51. A. stimulation          B. concentration       C. excitement         D. consumption

52. A. results from         B. contributes to       C. benefits from       D. attends to

53. A. therapy             B. material         C. nutrient          D. substitute

54. A fail                 B. appear          C. promise          D. happen

55. A. instructive          B. comprehensive      C. extensive          D. alternative

Section B

Directions:  Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States, Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself: “I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me”. No one could have had a more active old age.

She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. At 12 she left home and was in domestic service until at 27 she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927.

Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery (刺绣) pictures as a hobby, but only changed to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff (僵硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought all that she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930’s and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful sense of color and form. “I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it” she said. 

56. What can we learn about Moses?

A. She stopped painting in her late seventies.

B. She painted oils as a child.

C. Her marriage life was not happy.

D. She still led an active life when she was old.

57. What did Grandma Moses spend most of her life doing?

A. Embroidering.      B. Nursing.          C. Painting.        D. Farming

58. What does the underlined word “portrayals ” in last paragraph mean?

A. Directions.      B. Stages.    C. Descriptions.   D. Surveys.

59. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Grandma Moses: the Best Woman Painter

B. Grandma Moses: A Famous Woman Painter of 20th Century

C. Grandma Moses and Her Exhibition

D. Grandma Moses and Her Farm Life

B

Washington, D. C. Bicycle Tours

Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.

Duration: 3 hours

This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D. C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability-the cherry blossoms-disappear！

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

Duration: 3 hours （4 miles）

Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D. C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.

Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D. C.

Duration: 3 hours

Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and smooth tour route（路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

Duration: 3 hours（7miles）

Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

60. Which tour do you need to book in advance?

A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.

B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.

C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.

D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.

61. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？

A. Meet famous people.    B. Go to national park.

C. Visit well-known museums.   D. Enjoy interesting stories.

62. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide？

A. City maps.  B. Cameras   C. Meals   D. Safety lights.

Section C

Directions:  Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. Practice more!

B. Watch how others do it.

C. But self-belief is often an even bigger factor.

D. Now, the record is 37 packs-in just one hour.

E. Experiment with a range of creative memory techniques.

F. People always limit their abilities for lack of confidence.

Expect More from Your Memory

How many African countries can you remember? Try to say as many as you can before reading on

There are 54 countries in Africa. If you got them all, well done! Hardly anyone does, of course. But most people could have gotten more than they did. Motivation is a big part of memory. Be honest: if there had been a big prize of this task, wouldn’t you have pushed yourself a bit more?  ___63___And, since most people don't expect much from their memory, they limit their chances of success from the word go.

Not everyone, though. When people get competitive about memory, they do amazing things. Back in the 1980s, I broke a world record by memorizing six packs of playing cards.___64___Psychologist Carol Dweck popularized the “growth mindset” -the belief that you can keep improving your abilities, with commitment. Here are four ways to use that approach.

Step 1: Admit what you're good at. Think about the things that you remember with ease. There’s no reason why your memory can't work that well all the time.

Step 2: ___65___ Notice people who seem to have a clever trick for names, or manage to hold their to-do list in their head. See if you can spot some of their secrets.

Step 3: Find ways to get better. Any information can be made more memorable by organizing it effectively, and using your imagination.___66___

Step 4: Practise: Take every opportunity to use your memory. Stretch it a little each day by setting yourself challenges.

Now, go back to the challenge at the beginning.Push yourself to do better, and really believe that you can.

                          第二卷

I. Grammar

Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct.

1. The professor said that a new assignment __________ to the students in a week.

A. would be assigned B. would assign    C. will be assigned  D. was assigned

2. Due to acid rain, a large piece of forest in that country is believed __________ with extinction.

A. to threaten   B. to be threatened  C. to be threatening  D. to have threatened

3. The hungry boy couldn’t resist __________ to do such a foolish thing.

A. to tempt   B. to be tempted  C. being tempted  D. tempting

4. The more you get to know him, ______ . No wonder he has so many friends.

A. the less thoughtful will you find he is       B. the more thoughtful you will find he is

C. the more thoughtful will you find he is      D. you will find him more thoughtful

5. It surprised her greatly _____ her neighbor had been in prison for 4 years.

A. that            B. for             C. while            D. whether

6. Within three years a new residential area came into being _____ there had been wild grass and

small ponds.

A. that             B.  before         C. where           D. which

7. Americans eat _____________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

A. more than twice          B. twice as many as  

C.  as twice as many       D. more than twice as many

8. _______ many top US secrets, Julian Assange, founder of the wikileaks, was the most unwelcome person in the country.

A. Revealed   B. To reveal   C. Having revealed     D. Being revealed

9. A digital ring is locked on every newborn baby’s foot _______ they are taken by strangers out of the hospital.

A. Now that   B. even if    C. so that      D. in case

10. ________ in by a well-to-do family, a homeless teenager named Michael Oher matures into a star athlete predicted to be a first-round pick in the NFL draft in this comedy drama.

Taken   B. Having taken  C. Taking     D. When taking

II. Blank-filling 

Direction: Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need.

1. He quit his job for                reasons.

2. The smell made my stomach                .

3. The party was held                the retired teachers.

4. The students in this school                the school library.

5. Please keep                when you are taking an exam.

6. He had a lot of difficulty in                the stresses of the job.

7. He often                at the supermarket, buying nothing at all.

8. While traveling abroad, we should                the customs of other countries.

9. The growing problem is underlined in the latest                of the Scientific American.

10. We’ve become used to doctors using specialized blood tests or other expensive laboratory tests to help make a(n)                diagnosis.

III. Translation

1.能坚持均衡膳食和适量运动的人更有可能成功。(likely)

2. 他既有音乐天赋又有幽默感，这使得他在大学的朋友中很受欢迎。(which)

3. 这个活动旨在培养学生的创造思维和探索精神，吸引了很多学生。（aim, 分词作状语）

4. 审美标准因文化而异，因此，你有很高评价的事物在别人看来可能不过尔尔。(vary)

IV. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

上海电视台外语频道打算开办一档面向中学生观众的英语节目，新聘任了来自英国的John 作为节目编辑助理。现在，John就节目内容向广大中学生征求意见。

假如你是学生李华，请你给John写信谈谈你对该节目的设想。信的内容包括：

1. 节目的名称和内容；

2. 开办这档节目的理由和预期的效果。

试题参考答案

 第一卷

II. Grammar & Vocabulary (20%)

Section A： 

21. even though / even if   22. what  23. where   24. to which  25. is  2

6. on  27. throwing  28. as  29. ourselves  30. to forget

Section B： 31. G   32. C  33.I    34. F   35. E   36. B   37. K   38. J    39. A   40. H

III. Reading(37%) 

Section A: 41-55 CABDB     ABCDA     DBCCD

Section B: (A)   56-59 DDCB

(B)   60-62 ADD

(C)   63-66 CDBE

                               第二卷

I. Grammar (10%):

1~5. ABDBA    6~10. CDCDA

II. Blank-filling (10%):

1. a variety of      2. turn over      3. in honour of    4 .have easy access to

5. calm           6. coping with    7. hangs out      8. pay much attention to

9. issue           10. conclusive

III. Translation(18%):

1. Those who stick to a balanced diet and moderate exercise are more likely to succeed.

2.. He has a gift for music and a sense of humor, which makes him popular with his friends in the college.

3.This activity aims to cultivate students’ creative thinking and exploration spirits, attracting many students.

4. As beauty standards vary from culture to culture, what you have a high opinion of may not be  valuable/much to others.

VI. Writing(25%)

 【参考范文】

Dear John,

I know you’re going to set up an English program for middle school students. So I’m writing to suggest a program named “All-round Shanghai”. This program will cover topics like the history, education, famous scenic spots, food and famous people of Shanghai. It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.

Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in this program, which will surely arouse other students’ interest in it. Not only will the program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Shanghai so as to introduce Shanghai to foreign visitors. I am sure it will be well-received by middle school students. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration.

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua