2022版高考英语二轮复习 专题模拟训练 完形填空

这是一份2022版高考英语二轮复习 专题模拟训练 完形填空，共33页。试卷主要包含了A.friends　　　B，A.cnditin　B，A.s that　B，A.ccasinal　B，A.dead　B，A.right　B，A.cheat　B，A.days　B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题模拟训练(完形填空)
完形填空(一)
A
(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)
When I was in seventh grade, I was a candy striper (志愿护士长) at a local hospital in my town.Most of the time I spent there was with Mr.Gillespie.He never had any __1__， and nobody seemed to care about his __2__.I spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him, __3__ anything that needed to be done.He became a close friend of mine, __4__ he responded with only a(n) __5__ squeeze of my hand.Mr.Gillespie was in a coma(昏迷)．
I left for a week to vacation with my parents, and when I came back, Mr.Gillespie was __6__.I didn’t have the __7__ to ask any of the nurses where he was, for fear they might __8__ me he had died.
Several __9__ later, when I was a junior in high school, I was at the gas station when I noticed a familiar face.When I __10__ who it was, my eyes filled with tears.He was __11__！ I got up the nerve to ask him if his name was Mr.Gillespie.With a (n) __12__　look on his face, he replied yes.I __13__ how I knew him, and that I had spent many hours talking with him in the hospital.His eyes welled up with tears, and he gave me the warmest hug I had ever __14__.
He began to tell me how, __15__ he lay there comatose, he could hear me talking to him and could __16__ me holding his hand the whole time.Mr.Gillespie __17__ believed that it was my voice and __18__ that had kept him alive.
Although I haven’t __19__ him since, he fills my heart with __20__ every day.I know that I made a difference between his life and his death.
1．A.friends　　　 B．relatives
C．patients　 D．visitors
2．A.condition　 B．requirement
C．interest　 D．thought
3．A.talking about　 B．helping with
C．pointing out　 D．looking for
4．A.so that　 B．even though
C．soon after　 D．just as
5．A.occasional　 B．tight
C．satisfactory　 D．warm
6．A.dead　 B．mad
C．gone　 D．excited
7．A.right　 B．chance
C．nerve　 D．time
8．A.cheat　 B．tell
C．remind　 D．warn
9．A.days　 B．weeks
C．months　 D．years
10．A.realized　 B．wondered
C．heard　 D．asked
11．A.alive　 B．great
C．successful　 D．lucky
12．A.happy　 B．uncertain
C．nervous　 D．proud
13．A.apologized　 B．remembered
C．explained　 D．admitted
14．A.received　 B．shown
C．wanted　 D．dreamed
15．A.because　 B．if
C．unless　 D．as
16．A.notice　 B．feel
C．imagine　 D．appreciate
17．A.hardly　 B．immediately
C．firmly　 D．wrongly
18．A.humour　 B．touch
C．encouragement　 D．treatment
19．A.forgotten　 B．called
C．missed　 D．seen
20．A.regret　 B．joy
C．respect　 D．sympathy
【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者读七年级时，曾在当地的一家医院做志愿者护士。做志愿者期间，她经常陪着一名昏迷不醒的病人。多年后，他们重逢了，当年的病人认为是作者帮助他活下来，这也让作者的人生充满快乐。
1．D　考查名词辨析。句意：从来没有人来看过他，似乎也没有人关心他的病情。A.friends朋友；B.relatives亲戚；C.patients病人；D.visitors拜访者。根据“nobody seemed to care about his __2__ ”可知，没有人关心他，可推测他没有任何拜访者。故选D。
2．A　考查名词辨析。句意：从来没有人来看过他，似乎也没有人关心他的病情。A.condition情况；B.requirement要求；C.interest兴趣；D.thought想法。根据上文“He never had any __1__，”可知，Gillespie先生是个病人，他没有拜访者也没有人关心他的状况。故选A。
3．B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在那里待了很多天，握着他的手，和他说话，帮助他做任何需要做的事情。A.talking about谈论；B.helping with帮助；C.pointing out指出；D.looking for寻找。根据前文可知，没有其他人照顾他及“anything that needed to be done”可推断作者在帮助他完成需要做的事情。故选B。
4．B　考查连接词辨析。句意：他成了我的亲密朋友，尽管他只是偶尔捏一下我的手作为回应。A.so that目的是；B.even though尽管；C.soon after不久以后；D.just as正如。根据“He became a close friend of mine”和“he responded with only a (n) __5__ squeeze of my hand”可知，上下文之间形成逻辑上的转折关系。故选B。
5．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：他成了我的亲密朋友，尽管他只是偶尔捏一下我的手作为回应。A.occasional偶尔的；B.tight紧的；C.satisfactory令人满意的；D.warm温暖的。根据“Mr.Gillespie was in a coma (昏迷)．”可知，因为处于昏迷状态，只是偶尔捏一下作者的手作为回应。故选A。
6．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：我和父母去度假了一周，回来的时候，吉莱斯皮先生已经走了。A.dead死亡的；B.mad疯狂的；C.gone离开的；D.excited兴奋的。根据“ask any of the nurses where he was”可知，他不在医院了，应该是离开了。故选C。
7．C　考查名词辨析。句意：我没有勇气问任何一个护士他在哪里，因为我担心他们会告诉我他已经死了。A.right权力；B.chance机会；C.nerve勇气；D.time时间。根据“I got up the nerve to ask him if his name was Mr.Gillespie.”可知，此处是信息词nerve的原词复现。故选C。
8．B　考查动词辨析。句意：我没有勇气问任何一个护士他在哪里，因为我担心他们会告诉我他已经死了。A.cheat欺骗；B.tell告诉；C.remind提醒；D.warn警告。根据“I didn’t have the __7__ to ask any of the nurses where he was”可推测，此处应是护士告知作者Gillespie先生离开的原因。故选B。
9．D　考查名词辨析。句意：几年后，我上初中了，有一次在加油站，我注意到一张熟悉的脸。A.days天；B.weeks周；C.months月；D.years年。根据上文“When I was in seventh grade”及下文“when I was a junior in high school”可知，很多年已经过去了。故选D。
10．A　考查动词辨析。句意：当我意识到他是谁时，我的眼里充满了泪水。A.realized意识到；B.wondered想知道；C.heard听说；D.asked问。根据“who it was, my eyes were filled with tears”可知，此时作者认出了Gillespie先生。故选A。
11．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：他还活着！A.alive活着的；B.great伟大的；C.successful成功的；D.lucky幸运的。根据“I got up the nerve to ask him if his name was Mr.Gillespie.”可知，作者认出这个人是Gillespie先生，可推断出他还活着。故选A。
12．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：我鼓起勇气问他是否叫吉莱斯皮先生，他脸上带着不确定的表情，回答是。A.happy开心的；B.uncertain不确定的；C.nervous紧张的；D.proud骄傲的。根据“He became a close friend of mine, __4__ he responded with only a(n) __5__ squeeze of my hand.Mr.Gillespie was in a coma (昏迷)．”可知，当时Gillespie正处于昏迷，对作者没有记忆，可推断当作者问他名字时，他对于自己是否认识作者应该是不确定的。故选B。
13．C　考查动词辨析。句意：我解释了我是如何认识他的，我在医院里和他聊了好几个小时。A.apologized道歉；B.remembered记得；C.explained解释；D.admitted承认。根据上文Gillespie先生的反应可知，此处指作者在向他解释自己是如何认识和陪伴他的。故选C。
14．A　考查动词辨析。句意：他的眼里噙满了泪水，他给了我一个我曾经得到过的最温暖的拥抱。A.received接收；B.shown展示；C.wanted想要；D.dreamed梦想。根据“he gave me the warmest hug”可知，他给了作者一个拥抱，因此作者获得了这个拥抱。故选A。
15．D　考查连接词辨析。句意：他开始告诉我，他躺在那里昏迷不醒，他能听到我和他说话，能感觉到我一直握着他的手。A.because因为；B.if如果；C.unless除非；D.as当……时候。此处是时间状语从句，要用as引导。故选D。
16．B　考查动词辨析。句意：他开始告诉我，他躺在那里昏迷不醒，他能听到我和他说话，能感觉到我一直握着他的手。A.notice注意；B.feel感觉；C.imagine想象；D.appreciate欣赏，感激。根据“holding his hand the whole time”可知，这属于触觉，可推断他能感觉作者握着他的手。故选B。
17．C　考查副词辨析。句意：吉莱斯皮先生坚信是我的声音和触摸让他活了下来。A.hardly几乎不；B.immediately立刻；C.firmly坚定地；D.wrongly错误地。根据“believed”和Gillespie先生的态度可知，firmly符合语境。故选C。
18．B　考查名词辨析。句意：吉莱斯皮先生坚信是我的声音和触摸让他活了下来。A.humour幽默；B.touch触摸；C.encouragement鼓励；D.treatment治疗，对待。根据“holding his hand”可知，此处指触摸。故选B。
19．D　考查动词辨析。句意：虽然我再也没有见过他，但他每天都让我的心充满欢乐。A.forgotten忘记；B.called呼叫；C.missed错过，思念；D.seen看见。根据“Although I haven’t”可知，此处表示作者再也没见过Gillespie先生。故选D。
20．B　考查名词辨析。句意：虽然我再也没有见过他，但他每天都让我的心充满欢乐。A.regret后悔；B.joy快乐；C.respect尊重；D.sympathy同情。根据“I know that I made a difference between his life and his death.”可知，因为作者的帮助，Gillespie先生活了过来，可推断作者每天都因为这件事感到开心和快乐。故选B。
B
(2021·广西南宁市第二次适应性测试)
We found him at our front door, frightened and shaking.My mom said we’d take care of him until we found out who’d __1__ him.
I’d always wanted a dog, but we couldn’t have one because my sister was __2__.Now at twelve years old, I still __3__ a dog.So far, my wish had been __4__.But the little puppy gave me the __5__ to play with, feed and care for a dog.I didn’t __6__ to think of him as my own, but when a whole day went by with nobody claiming (认领) him, I began to __7__.I touched him all night, __8__ that I was his very owner.Another day went by.The puppy and I were becoming __9__.However, I had to remind myself that somebody would claim him __10__.
In the evening, somebody __11__ to ask about the puppy.My heart __12__.When she hung up the phone, my mom had a __13__ conversation with my dad.A few minutes later, they came out and told us that the puppy, called “Fuzzer”， belonged to some other __14__.They already had an older dog that didn’t get along with Fuzzer.Their mom had never __15__ to keep Fuzzer and wanted to find him another __16__ ! My parents saw how well I’d __17__ with and cared for Fuzzer, and they knew I had always wanted a dog.
__18__， my sister had not had an allergic reaction to him.Mom told us that Fuzzer was __19__ now.
Fuzz and I grew up together and he was my true __20__ throughout my teenage years.
1．A.chosen　 B．lost
C．hidden　 D．deserted
2．A.fearful　 B．cruel
C．impatient　 D．allergic
3．A.longed for　 B．came across
C．aimed at　 D．believed in
4．A.fruitless　 B．secondary
C．ridiculous　 D．secure
5．A.stage　 B．standard
C．chance　 D．choice
6．A.need　 B．dare
C．wish　 D．fail
7．A.hope　 B．worry
C．regret　 D．puzzle
8．A.doubting　 B．dreaming
C．admitting　 D．promising
9．A.inseparable　 B．dynamic
C．lonely　 D．depressed
10．A.now and then　 B．over and over
C．sooner or later　 D．back and forth
11．A.visited　 B．indicated
C．called　 D．guaranteed
12．A.stopped　 B．beat
C．bled　 D．sank
13．A.comfortable　 B．direct
C．endless　 D．private
14．A.wanderers　 B．elders
C．kids　 D．soldiers
15．A.appealed　 B．agreed
C．pretended　 D．refused
16．A.home　 B．job
C．friend　 D．cage
17．A.struggled　 B．compared
C．dealt　 D．bonded
18．A.Clearly　 B．Casually
C．Amazingly　 D．Temporarily
19．A.theirs　 B．his
C．hers　 D．ours
20．A.defender　 B．companion
C．toy　 D．possession
【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家捡到了一只走丢的小狗，作者在和小狗相处的过程中建立的深厚的友谊，最后作者家收养了这只名叫Fuzzer的小狗。
1．B　考查动词辨析。句意：我妈妈说我们会照顾他直到我们找到是谁弄丢了他。A.chosen选择；B.lost失去；C.hidden隐藏；D.deserted遗弃。结合下文可知，作者一家捡到的是一只小狗，他们给小狗找主人，所以是找到丢失了这只狗的人。故选B。
2．D　考查形容词辨析。句意：我一直想养只狗，但我们不能养，因为我妹妹对狗过敏。A.fearful可怕的；B.cruel残酷的；C.impatient不耐烦的；D.allergic过敏的。呼应下文中“my sister had not had an allergic reaction to him”指妹妹对狗过敏。故选D。
3．A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在12岁了，我仍然渴望有条狗。A.longed for渴望；B.came across偶遇；C.aimed at目的在于；D.believed in相信。结合上文“I’d always wanted a dog”以及“Now at twelve years old, I still”可知，作者如今12岁仍然渴望养狗。故选A。
4．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：到目前为止，我的愿望一直没有结果。A.fruitless没有结果的，不成功的；B.secondary次要的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.secure安全的。上文提到因为妹妹对狗过敏，所以作者家没有养狗，所以到目前为止，作者的愿望一直没有结果。故选A。
5．C　考查名词辨析。句意：但是这只小狗给了我和它玩耍、喂食和照顾它的机会。A.stage阶段；B.standard标准；C.chance机会；D.choice选择。根据上下文“But the little puppy gave me the...to play with, feed and care for a dog.”可知，走丢的狗给了作者和它玩耍、喂食和照顾它的机会。give sb.the chance to do sth.“给某人做某事的机会”。故选C。
6．B　考查动词辨析。句意：我不敢认为他是我的，但当整整一天过去了，没有人认领他时，我开始有了希望。A.need需要；B.dare胆敢；C.wish希望；D.fail失败。结合下文“to think of him as my own, but when a whole day went by with nobody claiming him”可知，因为狗是走丢的，可能会有人来认领，因此作者不敢认为狗是属于自己的。故选B。
7．A　考查动词辨析。句意：我不敢认为他是我的，但当整整一天过去了，没有人认领他时，我开始有了希望。A.hope希望；B.worry担心；C.regret后悔；D.puzzle使困惑。根据上文“when a whole day went by with nobody claiming him, I began to”可知，随着这一天过去，还没有人认领这只狗，作者觉得自己有了把狗留下的希望。故选A。
8．B　考查动词辨析。句意：我整夜摸着他，梦想我就是他的真正主人。A.doubting怀疑；B.dreaming梦想；C.admitting承认；D.promising承诺。根据下文“that I was his very owner”可知，作者如今还不是狗的主人，因此是梦想自己是他的主人。故选B。
9．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：小狗和我形影不离。A.inseparable不可分的；B.dynamic动态的；C.lonely寂寞的；D.depressed沮丧的。结合上文“Another day went by.The puppy and I were becoming”可知，随着时间过去，作者和狗的感情日益深厚，变得形影不离。故选A。
10．C　考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，我不得不提醒自己，迟早会有人来认领他的。A.now and then偶尔；B.over and over反复；C.sooner or later迟早；D.back and forth反复地。根据上文“However, I had to remind myself that somebody would claim him”可知，狗是别人家的，所以迟早会有人来认领他的。故选C。
11．C　考查动词辨析。句意：晚上，有人打电话来询问小狗的情况。A.visited拜访；B.indicated表明；C.called打电话；D.guaranteed保证。根据下文“When she hung up the phone”可知，此处是打电话来询问狗的情况。故选C。
12．D　考查动词辨析。句意：我的心一沉。A.stopped停止；B.beat打败；C.bled流血；D.sank下沉。结合上文“to ask about the puppy”可知，有人来问狗的情况，得知有人可能要来认领狗，和狗感情很好的作者应该是心一沉，故选D。
13．D　考查形容词辨析。句意：我妈妈挂了电话后，和我爸爸进行了一次私人谈话。A.comfortable舒服的；B.direct直接的；C.endless无尽的；D.private私人的。根据下文“A few minutes later, they came out and told us that the puppy”可知，妈妈先是和父亲进行了私人谈话，然后才出来告诉作者他们狗的情况。故选D。
14．C　考查名词辨析。句意：几分钟后，他们出来告诉我们，这只名叫“Fuzzer”的小狗是其他孩子的。A.wanderers流浪者；B.elders老人；C.kids孩子；D.soldiers士兵。结合上文“the puppy, called ’Fuzzer’， belonged to some other”以及选项可知，这只狗名叫Fuzzer，属于其他孩子，kids符合语境。故选C。
15．B　考查动词辨析。句意：他们的妈妈从来没有同意过要留下Fuzzer，她想给它找一个新家！A.appealed呼吁；B.agreed同意；C.pretended假装；D.refused拒绝。根据下文“to keep Fuzzer and wanted to find him another”可知，Fuzzer原来的主人家里妈妈从来没有同意收留Fuzzer。故选B。
16．A　考查名词辨析。句意：他们的妈妈从来没有同意过要留下Fuzzer，她想给他找一个新家！A.home家；B.job工作；C.friend朋友；D.cage笼子。上文提到Fuzzer的主人家没有想过留下Fuzzer，所以是想给他找一个新家。故选A。
17．D　考查动词辨析。句意：我的父母看到了我和Fuzzer相处得多么好，他们也知道我一直想要一只狗。A.struggled挣扎；B.compared比较；C.dealt处理；D.bonded结合。根据下文“with and cared for Fuzzer”结合上文作者和Fuzzer形影不离，他们相处得很好，bond with“建立关系”。故选D。
18．C　考查副词辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，我妹妹对他没有过敏反应。A.Clearly清楚地；B.Casually随便地；C.Amazingly惊人地；D.Temporarily临时地。根据下文“my sister had not had an allergic reaction to him.”可知，本来对狗过敏的妹妹居然对Fuzzer没有过敏反应，这令人惊讶。故选C。
19．D　考查代词辨析。句意：妈妈告诉我们Fuzzer现在是我们的了。A.theirs他们的；B.his他的；C.hers她的；D.ours我们的。根据上文可知，作者的父母同意收留Fuzzer了，因此Fuzzer现在是“我们的”了。故选D。
20．B　考查名词辨析。句意：我和Fuzzer一起长大，在我的青少年时期，他是我真正的伙伴。A.defender后卫；B.companion伙伴；C.toy玩具；D.possession财产。根据上文“Fuzz and I grew up together and he was my true”可知，作者和Fuzzer一起长大，他们是伙伴。故选B。
C
(2021·江西省宜丰中学高三一模)
Expect the Unexpected
A couple of weeks ago, my grandfather was explaining his favorite expression, “Nothing is ever easy.”The following day, as I tried to complete my day’s work, I happened to __1__ a bumblebee(大黄蜂)on the skylight (天窗)．The skylight was particularly high up, but I thought __2__ the bee would take no more than five minutes.An hour later, the bee still __3__.
All that had changed was that the living room was a __4__ and that I was dizzy from __5__ into the sunlight.I did not __6__ to waste an hour on a tiny insect, but by doing so, I understood what my grandfather meant.
It is not only time that we tend to __7__ —we don’t take account of unexpected costs.We often imagine what can work __8__， but we seldom think of all the __9__ things that could affect us.However, it is important to remember that your day of week or year might not go as planned, and that is completely normal.It is perfectly __10__ to feel challenged—even at a task you thought was simple __11__ that is part of life.
If you can accept that nothing will ever be easy, then life might seem slightly more __12__.In __13__ school, I thought high school might be easier because I could choose the classes I wanted to take.In high school, I thought college might be easier because I could have a schedule, __14__ for myself.Yet I was __15__ each time.After accepting that school wouldn’t be easy, I found myself __16__ a more positive attitude and __17__ results.
Of course, there should be preparations made to take account of __18__ or time.Doing so can only help you __19__ your goals in a better way.However, there is no need to beat ourselves up (过分自责)when something stands in our __20__.Maybe we cannot see a bee coming our way, but we can always give ourselves the extra time to catch it.
1．A.notice　 B．feed
C．hear　 D．meet
2．A.flying　 B．removing
C．hitting　 D．running
3．A.slept　 B．flowed
C．came　 D．remained
4．A.ruin　 B．lab
C．mess　 D．zoo
5．A.jumping up　 B．looking up
C．reflecting back　 D．tracking back
6．A.expect　 B．hesitate
C．try　 D．forget
7．A.undergo　 B．undertake
C．underestimate　 D．understand
8．A.in our way　 B．in our honor
C．in our memory　 D．in our favor
9．A.positive　 B．negative
C．perfect　 D．natural
10．A.accessible　 B．acceptable
C．available　 D．agreeable
11．A.because　 B．while
C．if　 D．unless
12．A.incredible　 B．manageable
C．challenging　 D．inspiring
13．A.nursery　 B．primary
C．middle　 D．public
14．A.suitable　 B．tight
C．full　 D．strict
15．A.nervous　 B．satisfied
C．disappointed　 D．right
16．A.beyond　 B．towards
C．with　 D．under
17．A.improved　 B．direct
C．upset　 D．shocking
18．A.expectation　 B．space
C．reasons　 D．expenses
19．A.set　 B．make
C．have　 D．accomplish
20．A.passage　 B．heart
C．house　 D．path
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过花一个小时驱赶天窗上的大黄蜂但没成功的经历，明白了祖父最喜欢的话——没有什么是容易的。我们应该时刻为挑战做好准备，以积极的态度迎接挑战。
1．A　考查动词辨析。句意：第二天，当我想完成一天的工作时，我碰巧注意到天窗上有一只大黄蜂。A.notice注意；B.feed喂养；C.hear听到；D.meet遇到。根据“The following day, as I tried to complete my day’s work”并结合下文作者驱赶大黄蜂的经历可知，作者注意到大黄蜂在天窗上。故选A。
2．B　考查动词辨析。句意：天窗特别高，但我以为赶走蜜蜂不会超过五分钟。A.flying飞；B.removing去除；C.hitting袭击；D.running跑。根据常识和“An hour later, the bee still __3__.”可知，作者想把大黄蜂从房间里赶走。故选B。
3．D　考查动词辨析。句意：一个小时后，蜜蜂仍然留在原地。A.slept睡觉；B.flowed流动；C.came来；D.remained保持。“An hour later”和“still”可知，作者赶了一个小时，蜜蜂仍然留在原地。故选D。
4．C　考查名词辨析。句意：唯一改变的是客厅一片狼藉，而我抬头望着阳光，感到头晕目眩。A.ruin毁灭；B.lab实验室；C.mess混乱；D.zoo动物园。根据常识和“All that had changed”可知，作者驱赶大黄蜂把房间弄得一片混乱。故选C。
5．B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：唯一改变的是客厅一片狼藉，而我抬头望着阳光，感到头晕目眩。A.jumping up跳起；B.looking up抬头看；C.reflecting back反射；D.tracking back走回。根据“into the sunlight”可知，作者抬头看阳光时头晕目眩。故选B。
6．A　考查动词辨析。句意：我没有想到要在一只小昆虫上浪费一个小时，但这样做，我明白了爷爷的意思。A.expect期盼，料想；B.hesitate犹豫；C.try试着；D.forget忘记。根据“waste an hour on a tiny insect”可知，作者没有想到要在一只小昆虫上浪费一个小时。故选A。
7．C　考查动词辨析。句意：我们往往低估的不仅是时间——我们也没有考虑到意料之外的成本。A.undergo经历；B.undertake从事；C.underestimate低估；D.understand理解。根据“we don’t take account of unexpected costs”可知，我们低估的不仅是时间。故选C。
8．D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们经常想象什么对我们有利，但我们很少想到所有可能影响我们的负面事情。A.in our way以我们的方式；B.in our honor向我们表示敬意；C.in our memory在我们记忆中；D.in our favor对我们有利。根据“but we seldom think of all the __9__things that could affect us”可知，我们经常想象对我们有利的事情，但很少考虑影响我们的事情。故选D。
9．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：我们经常想象什么对我们有利，但我们很少想到所有可能影响我们的负面事情。A.positive积极的；B.negative消极的；C.perfect完美的；D.natural自然的。根据but可知，前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，与favor相反，并且影响我们的应该是消极的负面的事情。故选B。
10．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：感到有挑战是完全可以接受的——即使是你认为很简单的任务，因为这是生活的一部分。A.accessible可得到的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.available可利用的；D.agreeable一致的。根据“even at a task you thought was simple __11__ that is part of life”可知，因为简单的任务也有挑战，所以感到有挑战是完全可以接受的。故选B。
11．A　考查连词辨析。句意：感到有挑战是完全可以接受的——即使是你认为很简单的任务，因为这是生活的一部分。A.because因为；B.while然而；C.if如果；D.unless除非。根据“even at a task you thought was simple”可知，因为挑战是生活的一部分。故选A。
12．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：你可以接受没有什么事情会是容易的，这样生活就会变得更容易管理。A.incredible难以置信的；B.manageable易管理的；C.challenging挑战的；D.inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据“If you can accept that nothing will ever be easy”可知，这样生活可能看起来会稍微容易一些。故选B。
13．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：在初中，我认为高中可能会更容易，因为我可以选择我想要的课程。A.nursery幼儿教育的；B.primary初级的；C.middle中间的；D.public公众的。根据“I thought high school might be easier because I could choose the classes I wanted to take.”可知，作者在初中想象高中的情况。故选C。
14．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：在高中，我认为大学可能会更容易，因为我可以有一个适合自己的时间表。A.suitable合适的；B.tight紧的；C.full完全的；D.strict严格的。根据“In high school, I thought college might be easier because I could have a schedule”可知，作者认为在大学可以有一个最适合自己的时间表。故选A。
15．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：然而我每次都很失望。A.nervous紧张的；B.satisfied满意的；C.disappointed失望的；D.right正确的。根据“After accepting that school wouldn’t be easy, I found myself __16__ a more positive attitude and __17__ results.”可知，作者对下一阶段的每次期望最后都很失望。故选C。
16．C　考查介词辨析。句意：在接受了学校并不容易的事实后，我发现自己有了更积极的态度和更好的成绩。A.beyond超出；B.towards朝；C.with随着；带着；D.under在……下。根据“After accepting that school wouldn’t be easy”可知，作者有了积极的态度和更好的成绩。故选C。
17．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：在接受了学校并不容易的事实后，我发现自己有了更积极的态度和更好的成绩。A.improved改进的；B.direct直接的；C.upset心烦的；D.shocking令人震惊的。根据“a more positive attitude”可知，积极的态度自然会带来成绩提高。故选A。
18．D　考查名词辨析。句意：当然，要考虑到费用和时间，做好准备。A.expectation期望；B.space空间；C.reasons原因；D.expenses花费。根据“we don’t take account of unexpected costs”可知，做好准备应该考虑费用和时间。故选D。
19．D　考查动词辨析。句意：这样做只会帮助你以更好的方式实现你的目标。A.set设置；B.make制作；C.have有；D.accomplish完成。accomplish goals实现目标。根据“Of course, there should be preparations made to take account of __18__ or time.”可知，做好准备可以帮助实现目标。故选D。
20．D　考查名词辨析。句意：然而，当某些东西挡在我们的道路上时，我们没有必要过分自责。A.passage文章；B.heart心脏；C.house房子；D.path路。根据“Maybe we cannot see a bee coming our way, but we can always give ourselves the extra time to catch it.”可知，当有事物挡住我们的路时，没必要过分自责。故选D。
D
(2021·云南省昆明市高三“三诊一模”模拟考试(三模))
Over 48,000 orange trees spread all corners of Seville, Spain.They not only fill the city’s air with the __1__ smell of orange flowers in spring, but also __2__ over 16,500 tons of fruit every winter.Though that gives Seville the __3__ of being Europe’s top orange-producing city, the fruit is too sour to be __4__ fresh.While some oranges are used to make jam and alcohol, most of them __5__ landfills (垃圾填埋场)．Oranges are a __6__ for the city.However, that may change soon thanks to an idea of using the oranges to produce clean energy __7__.
The program is __8__ by the city’s council and parks department.Juice __9__ from oranges will be left to ferment (发酵) in an existing biogas equipment.The gas released from the fermented liquid will be used to __10__ a machine to produce clean energy.The officials think it’s not just about __11__ money and they say oranges are __12__ producing extra value from waste.
In the first period of a(n) __13__， 1000 kilos oranges produced 50 kwh of clean energy—enough to __14__ the daily electricity needs of five homes.If it’s __15__， by 2023, the city hopes to recycle all the oranges.If all the fruit is __16__， it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 people.
This project will help to reach the __17__ for reducing pollution and the fight against climate change.The latest __18__ is among the many plans across Spain to __19__ the country’s goal of switching its electricity system to __20__ sources by 2050．
1．A.pleasant　 B．natural
C．familiar　 D．strange
2．A.attract　 B．distribute
C．bear　 D．collect
3．A.moment　 B．pride
C．state　 D．dream
4．A.protected　 B．sold
C．picked　 D．consumed
5．A.go back to　 B．break away from
C．end up in　 D．give in to
6．A.problem　 B．relief
C．bid　 D．strength
7．A.traditionally　 B．creatively
C．briefly　 D．slightly
8．A.conducted　 B．abandoned
C．measured　 D．recorded
9．A.purified　 B．sought
C．obtained　 D．discovered
10．A.fix　 B．drive
C．wash　 D．design
11．A.spending　 B．earning
C．counting　 D．saving
12．A.urgently　 B．occasionally
C．extremely　 D．actually
13．A.experiment　 B．experience
C．competition　 D．performance
14．A.expand　 B．satisfy
C．survey　 D．remove
15．A.complex　 B．flexible
C．successful　 D．simple
16．A.displayed　 B．ordered
C．eaten　 D．recycled
17．A.standards　 B．targets
C．conclusions　 D．agreements
18．A.effort　 B．proof
C．invention　 D．style
19．A.oppose　 B．limit
C．interrupt　 D．achieve
20．A.repeated　 B．readapted
C．renewable　 D．reserved
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了利用西班牙城市塞维利亚产量过剩的橘子来发电，并期待利用这一手段推动低碳环保进程。
1．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：它们不仅在春天使城市空气中弥漫着橘子花的宜人气味，而且每年冬天结出超过16 500吨的水果。A.pleasant令人愉悦的；B.natural自然的；C.familiar相似的；D.strange奇怪的。根据文中“smell of orange flowers”可知，此处描述的是橘子花的味道，用“令人愉悦的”符合句意。故选A。
2．C　考查动词辨析。句意：它们不仅在春天使城市空气中弥漫着橘子花的宜人气味，而且每年冬天结出超过16 500吨的水果。A.attract吸引；B.distribute分配；C.bear结果实；D.collect收集。根据文中“over 16,500 tons of fruit”可知，此处表示结出超过16 500吨的果实。故选C。
3．B　考查名词辨析。句意：尽管这让塞维利亚成为欧洲最大的橘子生产城市，但这种水果太酸了，不能新鲜的食用。A.moment片刻；B.pride自豪，骄傲；C.state状态；D.dream梦。根据句意可知塞尔维亚成为欧洲最大的橘子城是令人骄傲的。故选B。
4．D　考查动词辨析。句意：尽管这让塞维利亚成为欧洲最大的橘子生产城市，但这种水果太酸了，不能新鲜的食用。A.protected保护；B.sold售卖；C.picked选择；D.consumed消费，食用。根据句意“the fruit is too sour”可知，水果太酸了，不能新鲜食用。故选D。
5．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然一些橙子被用来做果酱和酒，但它们大多数最终都会被填埋。A.go back to回到；B.break away from挣脱；C.end up in结束于；D.give in to屈服于。根据上文“While some oranges are used to make jam and alcohol”可知，虽然有些橙子被用来制作果酱和酒，但大多数还是会被填埋，end up in“结束于”符合题意。故选C。
6．A　考查名词辨析。句意：橘子对这个城市来说是个问题。A.problem问题；B.relief宽慰；C.bid投标；D.strength力气。根据上文“most of them end up in landfills”可知，此处想表示橘子都被填埋了，所以橘子对于这个城市来说是一个问题。故选A。
7．B　考查副词辨析。句意：然而，这种情况可能很快就会改变，这要归功于利用橙子创造性地生产清洁能源的想法。A.traditionally传统上；B.creatively创造性地；C.briefly短暂地；D.slightly略微。根据文中“thanks to an idea of using the oranges to produce clean energy”可知，此处表示这个是一个新的想法，所以是有创造力的。故选B。
8．A　考查动词辨析。句意：该项目由市议会和公园部门负责。A.conducted执行，安排；B.abandoned抛弃；C.measured测量；D.recorded记录。根据句意可知，此处表示市议会和公园部门负责该项目。故选A。
9．C　考查动词辨析。句意：从橙子中提取的果汁将留着在现有的沼气设备中发酵。A.purified净化；B.sought寻找；C.obtained获得；D.discovered发现。根据句意可知，此处表示橘子变成橘子汁，即从橘子中提取橘子汁。故选C。
10．B　考查动词辨析。句意：从发酵液中释放出来的气体将被用来驱动机器生产清洁能源。A.fix安装；B.drive 驾驶，驱动；C.wash 洗；D.design设计。根据文中“machine to produce clean energy”可知，此处表示驱动机器来生产清洁能源。故选B。
11．D　考查动词辨析。句意：官员认为这不仅仅省钱，他们还说橘子实际上是从废物中产生了额外的价值。A.spending支出；B.earning赚得；C.counting计算；D.saving节省。根据下文“they say oranges are actually producing extra value from waste”可知，此处表示官员认为，机器生产清洁能源并不仅仅是为了省钱。故选D。
12．D　考查副词辨析。句意：官员认为这不仅仅省钱，他们还说橘子实际上是从废物中产生了额外的价值。A.urgently紧急地；B.occasionally偶然；C.extremely极其；D.actually事实上。根据句意可知，此处表示橘子事实上产生了额外的价值。故选D。
13．A　考查名词辨析。句意：在实验的第一阶段，1 000公斤的橙子产生了50千瓦时的清洁能源——足以满足五个家庭的日常用电需求。A.experiment实验；B.experience经验；C.competition竞争；D.performance表演。根据文中“In the first period of”可知，此处表示做实验的第一阶段。故选A。
14．B　考查动词辨析。句意：在实验的第一阶段，1 000公斤的橙子产生了50千瓦时的清洁能源——足以满足五个家庭的日常用电需求。A.expand扩大；B.satisfy满足；C.survey民意调查；D.remove移开。根据上文“1,000 kilos oranges produced 50 kwh of clean energy”及下文的“the daily electricity needs”可知，此处表示50千瓦的清洁能源足以满足五个家庭的日常用电需求。故选B。
15．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：如果成功的话，到2023年，该市希望回收所有的橘子。A.complex复杂的；B.flexible灵活的；C.successful成功的；D.simple简单的。根据下文“the city hopes to recycle all the oranges”可知，此处表示试验成功后该市的措施。故选C。
16．D　考查动词辨析。句意：如果所有的水果都被回收利用，它将产生足够的能量为多达73 000人提供动力。A.displayed陈列；B.ordered组织有序；C.eaten吃；D.recycled回收利用。根据上文“the city hopes to recycle all the oranges”可知，此处表示橘子被回收利用。故选D。
17．B　考查名词辨析。句意：该项目将有助于实现减少污染和应对气候变化的目标。A.standards标准；B.targets目标；C.conclusions结论；D.agreements协定。根据下文的“reducing pollution and the fight against climate change”可知，实现减少污染和应对气候变化是一个目标。且下文的“ the country’s goal ”也是属于近义词提示。故选B。
18．A　考查名词辨析。句意：这项最新努力是西班牙众多计划中的一项，这些计划旨在实现该国到2050年将电力系统转换为可再生能源的目标。A.effort努力；B.proof证据；C.invention发明；D.style方式。根据上文“This project will help to reach the targets for reducing pollution and the fight against climate change.”可知，此处表示这项计划是最新的努力。故选A。
19．D　考查动词辨析。句意：这项最新努力是西班牙众多计划中的一项，这些计划旨在实现该国到2050年将电力系统转换为可再生能源的目标。A.oppose反对；B.limit限制；C.interrupt打断；D.achieve实现。根据文中“the country’s goal”可知此处表示实现目标。故选D。
20．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：这项最新努力是西班牙众多计划中的一项，这些计划旨在实现该国到2050年将电力系统转换为可再生能源的目标。A.repeated重复的；B.readapted重新适应的；C.renewable可再生的；D.reserved矜持的。根据文章大意可知，本文主要内容是可再生能源，所以此处应填入renewable，符合句意。故选C。
完形填空(二)
A
(2020－2021·宁夏银川一中高三下学期第二次模拟)
My mother has a unique way of embarrassing her children.Whenever she gets __1__ about something, she jumps up and down, screaming.We __2__ this as the “silly dance”．As her daughter, I find this __3__ embarrassing.Anytime she goes into the silly dance, I will __4__ slowly away, smile awkwardly, and __5__ to people, “No, she’s not my mother.”
Even though my mother brought me much __6__ when I was little, and even though she __7__ does the silly dance when something goes her way, I now __8__ it.Because the silly dance shows just who she is, and it shows that she’s happy.If she didn’t do her __9__ and just obeyed our wishes for “not __10__， Mom”， she would compromise who she is.
I owe a lot of my __11__ for the theater to my mother.I now sing publicly like my mother does.And my friends are always doing that __12__ awkward smile and usually __13__ under their breath, “Carolyn, public.”
So in many ways I’m becoming my mother.I’m not going to __14__ singing just because people feel embarrassed at it.I have no __15__ that I will embarrass my own children with my performance of the “silly dance”．So what？That’s who I am.
It’s my __16__ that everyone should dance to the beat of her own drum, even if the guy next to you gives you a(n) __17__ look.I believe in the things that set us __18__.I believe in being myself, no matter how many awkward smiles I __19__.I believe in the idea that never __20__ who I am.
1．A.excited　 B．disappointed
C．confused　 D．concerned
2．A.pick up　 B．see to
C．refer to　 D．turn to
3．A.primarily　 B．gradually
C．deliberately　 D．completely
4．A.run　 B．rush
C．inch　 D．pull
5．A.apologize　 B．explain
C．complain　 D．respond
6．A.annoyance　 B．curiosity
C．satisfaction　 D．convenience
7．A.even　 B．ever
C．never　 D．still
8．A.avoid　 B．improve
C．enjoy　 D．control
9．A.business　 B．dance
C．duty　 D．work
10．A.in public　 B．in person
C．in advance　 D．in vain
11．A.affection　 B．talent
C．sympathy　 D．admiration
12．A.different　 B．unusual
C．extra　 D．same
13．A.shouting　 B．whispering
C．laughing　 D．cheering
14．A.put off　 B．focus on
C．give up　 D．turn down
15．A.doubt　 B．chance
C．desire　 D．intention
16．A.impression　 B．solution
C．ambition　 D．belief
17．A.comforting　 B．special
C．strange　 D．appreciative
18．A.aside　 B．away
C．down　 D．apart
19．A.share　 B．receive
C．refuse　 D．remember
20．A.misunderstand　 B．compromise
C．distinguish　 D．underestimate
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。作者母亲有一种独特的方法使她的孩子们难堪，作者起初接受不了，后来改变了想法。作者从自己的经历学到一个道理：不要在意别人的看法，要做自己。
1．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：当她对某事兴奋时，她就手舞足蹈，并且尖叫。A.excited 兴奋的；B.disappointed 感到失望的；C.confused 困惑的；D.concerned关心的。根据“she jumps up and down, screaming”可知她对某事感到兴奋。故选A。
2．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们把这称为“愚蠢的舞蹈”。A.pick up 接收，偶然学到；B.see to照管；料理；C.refer to提到，谈到；D.turn to转向，求助于。this指代上文作者母亲因为兴奋而手舞足蹈，结合下文“silly dances”可推断，我们把这称作“愚蠢的舞蹈”。refer to...as把……称为。故选C。
3．D　考查副词辨析。句意：作为她的女儿，我觉得这很尴尬。A.primarily 主要地；B.gradually 渐渐地；C.deliberately 故意地；D.completely完全地。根据下文“Anytime she goes into the silly dance, I will __4__ slowly away, smile awkwardly，”可知，此处指我对妈妈的做法感到很尴尬。故选D。
4．C　考查动词辨析。句意：任何时候她跳这种愚蠢的舞蹈，我都会慢慢地走开，尴尬地微笑着，向人们解释，“不，她不是我的妈妈”。A.run跑；B.rush冲，奔；C.inch慢慢前进；D.pull拉。根据下文“slowly away, smile awkwardly”可推断，作者在母亲跳愚蠢的舞蹈时，会慢慢地走开。尴尬地微笑。故选C。
5．B　考查动词辨析。句意：任何时候她跳这种愚蠢的舞蹈，我都会慢慢地走开，尴尬地微笑着，向人们解释，“不，她不是我的妈妈”。A.apologize道歉；B.explain 解释；C.complain抱怨；D.respond回答，回应。根据下文“ ’No, she’s not my mother.’”可推断，作者很尴尬，因此向别人解释道，“她不是我的母亲”。故选B。
6．A　考查名词辨析。句意：即使我小时候妈妈带给我很多麻烦，即使当事情进展顺利时，她仍然跳一些愚蠢的舞蹈，但是我现在就喜欢它了。A.annoyance 烦恼，困惑；B.curiosity 好奇心；C.satisfaction满意；D.convenience便利。根据上文“As her daughter, I find this __3__ embarrassing.Anytime she goes into the silly dance, I will __4__ slowly away，smile awkwardly”可推断，作者的母亲给作者带来很多麻烦。故选A。
7．D　考查副词辨析。句意：即使我小时候妈妈带给我很多麻烦，即使当事情进展顺利时，她仍然跳一些愚蠢的舞蹈，但是我现在就喜欢它了。A.even 甚至；B.ever 曾经；C.never 从来没有；D.still仍旧。根据下文“ does the silly dance when something goes her way”，可知此处指妈妈仍旧会跳一些愚蠢的舞蹈，故选D。
8．C　考查动词辨析。句意：即使我小时候妈妈带给我很多麻烦，即使当事情进展顺利时，她仍然跳一些愚蠢的舞蹈，但是我现在就喜欢它了。A.avoid 避免；B.improve提高；C.enjoy 喜爱；D.control控制。根据下文“Because the silly dance shows just who she is, and it shows that she is happy.”可推断，作者现在喜欢上了母亲表达喜悦的方式。故选C。
9．B　考查名词辨析。句意：如果她没有跳她的舞，只是服从了我们的愿望“妈妈，不要在公共场所”，她就是向她是谁妥协了。A.business 生意；B.dance 舞蹈；C.duty 职责；D.work工作。根据上文“Because the silly dance shows just who she is, and it shows that she is happy.”可知此处指如果她没有跳舞的话，故选B。
10．A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果她没有跳她的舞，只是服从了我们的愿望“妈妈，不要在公共场所”，她就是向她是谁妥协了。A.in public 在公共场合；B.in person 亲自；C.in advance 提前；D.in vain徒劳。根据下文“I now sing publicly like my mother does.”可知此处指不要在公共场所跳舞。故选A。
11．A　考查名词辨析。句意：我把我对剧院的爱归功于我的母亲。A.affection喜爱；B.talent天赋；C.sympathy同情；D.admiration钦佩，羡慕。根据下文“I now sing publicly like my mother does.”可知，作者把自己对戏剧的喜爱归功于自己的母亲。故选A。
12．D　考查形容词辨析。句意：我的朋友总是做那种同样尴尬的微笑并且通常会低声说“卡洛琳，当众跳”。A.different不同的；B.unusual不寻常的；C.extra额外的；D.same相同的。根据上文“not in public, Mom”和下文的“Carolyn, public.”可推断，朋友们看到作者在公共场合唱歌，也会露出当初作者看到母亲当众唱歌时同样的尴尬。故选D。
13．B　考查动词辨析。句意：我的朋友总是做那种同样尴尬的微笑并且通常会低声说“卡洛琳，当众跳”。A.shouting 喊；B.whispering 低声说；C.laughing 笑；D.cheering欢呼。短语under their breath，意为“低声悄语地”，可知此处指我的朋友低声说。故选B。
14．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不会因为人们觉得不好意思就放弃唱歌。A.put off 推迟；B.focus on 集中注意力；C.give up 放弃；D.turn down拒绝。根据下文“So what？That’s who I am.”可推断，作者不会仅仅因为会让别人尴尬就放弃唱歌。故选C。
15．A　考查名词辨析。句意：毫不怀疑我会用我的“愚蠢的舞蹈”来让我自己的孩子难堪。A.doubt怀疑；B.chance机会；C.desire 愿望；D.intention 打算。根据下文“So what？That’s who I am.”可推断，毫无疑问，作者也会使自己的孩子们感到尴尬。故选A。
16．D　考查名词辨析。句意：我相信每个人都应该按自己的节奏跳舞，即使你旁边的那个人给你一种奇怪的表情。A.impression 印象；感想；B.solution 解决方法；C.ambition 雄心；D.belief信仰。根据下文“I believe in the things that set us __18__.I believe in being myself，”可推断，作者相信每个人都应该按照自己的节拍去跳舞。故选D。
17．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：我相信每个人都应该按自己的节奏跳舞，即使你旁边的那个人给你一种奇怪的表情。A.comforting 安慰的；B.special特殊的；C.strange奇怪的；D.appreciative 感激的；赏识的。根据上文“ And my friends are always doing that __12__awkward smile ”可推断，作者认为每个人都应该按照自己的节奏跳舞，要做自己，即使别人会投以奇怪地表情。故选C。
18．D　考查副词辨析。句意：我相信让我们与众不同的东西。此处考查set＋ 副词的短语辨析。A.(set) aside省出；留出；B.(set) away离开；C.(set) down记下；登记；D.(set) apart使与众不同；根据上文“everyone should dance to the beat of her own drum”可知，此处指我相信让我们与众不同的事情。故选D。
19．B　考查动词辨析。句意：我相信要做我自己，无论我接受多少尴尬的微笑。A.share分享；B.receive收到；C.refuse拒绝；D.remember记得。根据上文“And my friends are always doing that __12__awkward smile”可推断，作者会接收到许多尴尬地微笑。故选B。
20．B　考查动词辨析。句意：我相信使我永不妥协我是谁的想法。A.misunderstand误解；B.compromise妥协；C.distinguish区分；辨别 ；D.underestimate低估。根据上文“she would compromise who she is”可知，此处作者在坚持自我这个问题上永不妥协。故选B。
B
(2021·四川省达州市普通高中第二次诊断性测试)
Joella and Joanna are 20-year-old twins.On April 6, Joella __1__， on Facebook that Joanna was suffering Leukemia, a type of cancer that __2__ the blood and bone marrow(髓)．And she __3__ shaved her head alongside her twin sister in a moving video, which has since gone viral.
__4__ COVID-19 lockdown(封城), Joanna was forced to begin her chemotherapy treatments alone in the hospital.“Without her family there to __5__ her hand and wipe her tears when she needs it，” Joella said in the __6__.“The only contact we had with her was through video calls and messages，” Joella shared.“It is a(n) __7__ time for my family but especially for my __8__.”
When Joanna made the difficult decision to shave her head to make her __9__ easier, Joella __10__ her sister by doing the same.“I couldn’t let her __11__ it alone so I decided we’ll do it together just like everything else we’ve done together in this __12__，” Joella explained.“ I __13__ you so much, my beautiful sister.You are a fighter and we’ll fight this battle together.”
The __14__ video, which shows the entire family hugging and wiping away each other’s tears as both sisters have their heads shaved, has been __15__ by 11 million times, plus more than 140,000 __16__ from well-wishers around the globe.“Your sister is strong and beautiful，” said one __17__.“She will fight this and win.”
Joella later __18__ a photo of the two sisters smiling, looking __19__ with their newly shaven heads.“My first best friend，” she __20__ the picture.“By your side through it all.”
1．A.landed　 B．found
C．announced　 D．focused
2．A.absorbs　 B．affects
C．cleans　 D．thickens
3．A.regretfully　 B．painfully
C．hesitantly　 D．bravely
4．A.Due to　 B．According to
C．Regardless of　 D．Rather than
5．A.lift　 B．give
C．shake　 D．hold
6．A.letter　 B．video
C．interview　 D．hospital
7．A.special　 B．hard
C．important　 D．happy
8．A.head　 B．hair
C．sister　 D．mother
9．A.treatments　 B．achievements
C．feelings　 D．movements
10．A.called　 B．supported
C．promised　 D．accompanied
11．A.go through with 　 B．come up with
C．get down to　 D．go in for
12．A.case　 B．aspect
C．life　 D．campaign
13．A.love　 B．envy
C．pity　 D．appreciate
14．A.amusing　 B．exciting
C．amazing　 D．touching
15．A.noticed　 B．answered
C．collected　 D．viewed
16．A.visits　 B．suggestions
C．presents　 D．comments
17．A.user　 B．customer
C．patient　 D．doctor
18．A.sent　 B．took
C．shared　 D．compared
19．A.nervous　 B．happy
C．shy　 D．embarrassed
20．A.signed　 B．mentioned
C．captioned　 D．described
【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对20岁的双胞胎姐妹Joella和Joanna一起携手勇敢面对白血病的故事。
1．C　考查动词辨析。句意：4月6日，Joella在Facebook上宣布Joanna患了白血病。A.landed 登录；B.found 发现，找到；C.announced 宣布；D.focused 集中，聚焦。结合句意可知，此处是指Joella在网上宣布了Joanna患上白血病的消息。故选C。
2．B　考查动词辨析。句意：Joella在Facebook上宣布Joanna患了白血病，这是一种会影响血液和骨髓的癌症。A.absorbs 吸收；B.affects 影响；C.cleans 清扫，打扫；D.thickens 使变厚。结合句意及生活常识可知，白血病是一种会“影响”血液和骨髓的癌症。故选B。
3．D　考查副词辨析。句意：而她在一段感人的视频中勇敢地和她的双胞胎妹妹一起剃光了头发，这段视频从此走红。A.regretfully 抱歉地，遗憾地；B.painfully 痛苦地；C.hesitantly 迟疑地；D.bravely 勇敢地。结合生活常识可知，Joella作为一名正常的身体健康的女生，剃光头发对她来说，是一种“勇敢的”行为。故选D。
4．A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于COVID-19导致的封城，Joanna被迫独自在医院接受化疗。A.Due to 由于；B.According to 根据；C.Regardless of 不管，不顾；D.Rather than 而不是。根据句意可知，Jonna没有家人的陪同，被迫独自在医院接受化疗，这是由于COVID-19导致的封城引起的。故选A。
5．B　考查动词辨析。句意：“没有家人在她需要的时候帮她擦干眼泪，”。A.lift a hand 举手；B.give a hand帮助；C.shake 摇动，无；shake a hand 短语；D.hold a hand 握手。根据句意可知，此处意为“帮助”她擦干眼泪。故选B。
6．B　考查名词辨析。句意：“没有家人在她需要的时候帮她擦干眼泪，” Joella在视频中说。A.letter信；B.video 视频；C.interview采访；D.hospital 医院。根据上文“in a moving video”可知，此处指的是Joella在“视频”中讲的话，video为原词复现。故选B。
7．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：“这对我的家人来说是一段艰难的时光，但对我妹妹来说尤其如此”。A.special 特殊的；B.hard 艰难的；C.important 重要的；D.happy 开心的，幸福的。结合上文“__4__ COVID-19 lockdown(封城), Joanna was forced to begin her chemotherapy treatments alone in the hospital.(由于COVID-19导致封城，Joanna被迫独自在医院接受化疗。)”可知，Joanna生病了，并且被迫独自一人在医院接受化疗，所以这对全家人来说，是一段“艰难的”时光。故选B。
8．C　考查名词辨析。句意：“这对我的家人来说是一段艰难的时光，但对我妹妹来说尤其如此”。A.head 头；B.hair 头发；C.sister 姐姐，妹妹；D.mother 母亲。结合上文“Joella and Joanna are 20-year-old twins.On April 6, Joella __1__， on Facebook that Joanna was suffering Leukemia，(Joella和Joanna是一对20岁的双胞胎，4月6日，Joella在Facebook上宣布Joanna患了白血病，)”，以及“Joanna was forced to begin her chemotherapy treatments alone in the hospital.(Joanna被迫独自在医院接受化疗。)”可知，生病住院的是Joella的双胞胎妹妹Joanna，所以这段时光，对我的“妹妹”来说，尤其艰难。故选C。
9．A　考查名词辨析。句意：当Joanna艰难地决定剃光头以使治疗更容易时……A.treatments 治疗；B.achievements 成就；C.feelings感情，情绪；D.movements 运动，移动。结合句意及生活常识可知，Joanna剃光头发，是为了更方便接受“治疗”。故选A。
10．D　考查动词辨析。句意：Joella陪着妹妹也做了相同的事情，(即剃光头发)。A.called 称呼，叫，喊；B.supported鼓励，支持；C.promised 承诺；D.accompanied 陪伴。结合句意以及下文“’I couldn’t let her __11__it alone so I decided we’ll do it together just like everything else we’ve done together in this __12__’Joella explained.(’我不能让她独自一个人去经受剃光头发这件事，所以我决定我们一起去做，就像我们在这一生中一起做的其他事情一样，’Joella解释说。)”可知，Joanna这么做是为了更好地在精神上“陪伴”生病的妹妹。故选D。
11．A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我不能让她一个人去经受(剃光头发)这件事，所以我决定我们一起去做，就像我们在这一生中一起做的其他事情一样，”A.go through with 完成，经受；B.come up with 提出，想出；C.get down to 开始认真处理，对待；D.go in for 从事，参加。根据句意可知，此处意为“经受”。故选A。
12．C　考查名词辨析。句意：“我不能让她一个人去经受(剃光头发)这件事，所以我决定我们一起去做，就像我们在这一生中一起做的其他事情一样。”。A.case 情形，情况；B.aspect 方面；C.life生活，一生；D.campaign 运动，战役。根据句意可知，此处指的是“一生中”。故选C。
13．A　考查动词辨析。句意：“我非常爱你，我美丽的妹妹。你是一个战士，我们将一起战斗”。 A．love 爱；B.envy羡慕；C.pity 同情，怜悯；D.appreciate 感激，欣赏。结合句意可知，此处是Joella在为自己的妹妹加油和鼓励，用“爱”最符合她说话时的心情。故选A。
14．D　考查形容词辨析。句意：这段感人的视频显示，当姐妹俩都剃光头发时，全家人互相拥抱，擦去对方的眼泪。A.amusing 有趣的；B.exciting令人兴奋的；C.amazing 令人惊奇的；D.touching感人的。结合句意可知，此处意为“感人的”。故选D。
15．D　考查动词辨析。句意：这段感人的视频显示，当姐妹俩都剃光头时，全家人互相拥抱、擦干眼泪，被观看次数已达1 100万次。A.noticed 注意；B.answered 回答；C.collected 收集；D.viewed 观看；结合句意可知，此处意为这段视频被“观看”。故选D。
16．D　考查名词辨析。句意：加上来自全球各地祝福者的超过14万条评论。A.visits 拜访，访问；B.suggestions建议；C.presents礼物；D.comments 评论。结合下文引号中的话“ ’Your sister is strong and beautiful，’said one __17__.’She will fight this and win.’(’你妹妹又坚强又漂亮，’一位用户说，’她将与此抗争并获得胜利。’)”可知，此处表示网友观看视频后做的“评论”。故选D。
17．A　考查名词辨析。句意：“你妹妹又坚强又漂亮，”一位用户说，“她将与此抗争并获得胜利。”。A.user 用户；B.customer 顾客；C.patient 病人；D.doctor 医生。结合上文“On April 6, Joella __1__ on Facebook that Joanna was suffering Leukemia，(4月6日，Joella在Facebook上宣布Joanna患了白血病，)”可知，这段视频是Joella发布在Facebook上的，能观看视频并留下评论的，自然是Facebook的“用户”。故选A。
18．C　考查动词辨析。句意：Joella后来分享了一张两姐妹微笑的照片，她们剃光了头发，看上去很开心。A.sent 寄，发送；B.took 拿；C.shared 分享；D.compared 比较。根据句意可知，此处意为“分享”。故选C。
19．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：Joella后来分享了一张两姐妹微笑的照片，她们剃光了头发，看上去很开心。A.nervous 紧张的；B.happy 开心的；C.shy 害羞的；D.embarrassed 尴尬的。根据句中的“smiling”可知，姐妹俩看起来很“开心”。故选B。
20．C　考查动词辨析。句意：“我的第一个好朋友，”她在照片上添加文字，写道“陪在你身边度过这一切。”。A.signed 签名，打手势；B.mentioned 提到；C.captioned为……添加说明文字；D.described 描述。结合上文“ ’My first best friend，’(’我的第一个好朋友’)”，及下文“ ’By your side through it all.’(’陪在你身边度过这一切。’)”可知，此处是指Joella“为照片添加说明文字”。故选C。

C
(2021·安徽马鞍山市高三一模)
Starting at age 5, Aesha Ash studied tap, jazz and ballet.She wanted to be a __1__ on Broadway.At age 10, the school told her she had to __2__ one kind of dance.She thought the other forms of dance were easier for her and she wanted a __3__.She talked to her mom, who told her that a career in ballet would be even more __4__ for her because few ballet dancers were black.However, those words helped Ash __5__.She would prove to herself and to everyone that she could __6__ an excellent black ballet dancer.She started studying ballet more __7__ from then on.
Then Ash __8__ the School of American Ballet and worked hard toward her dream.Anytime she felt bullied (被欺凌), she tried to __9__ for herself and she became more __10__ to succeed.At 18, her dream __11__ when she joined the New York City Ballet, where she danced many lead roles.She became __12__ ! Years later, Ash __13__ the Swan Dreams Project, a charity that uses dance and the arts to __14__ kids：Where they live, how much money they have, what their __15__ is or anyone else’s ideas about them cannot __16__ their dreams.
Even though Ash has won awards and praise, the biggest __17__， she said, is making her family __18__ because she reached her dream.“All of the hard work and sacrifice __19__，” she said.“When you have a __20__， believe it with all of your heart.”
1．A.singer　 B．dancer
C．director　 D．tutor
2．A.create　 B．abandon
C．choose　 D．observe
3．A.guide　 B．performance
C．model　 D．challenge
4．A.practical　 B．difficult
C．comfortable　 D．expensive
5．A.quit　 B．relax
C．decide　 D．bargain
6．A.make　 B．find
C．meet　 D．change
7．A.seriously　 B．equally
C．randomly　 D．automatically
8．A.built　 B．bought
C．entered　 D．repaired
9．A.make up　 B．stand up
C．line up　 D．stay up
10．A.determined　 B．hesitant
C．curious　 D．unwilling
11．A.turned up　 B．faded away
C．ran out　 D．came true
12．A.disappointed　 B．professional
C．uncertain　 D．humorous
13．A.found　 B．missed
C．refused　 D．started
14．A.select　 B．employ
C．teach　 D．protect
15．A.race　 B．name
C．gift　 D．mind
16．A.realize　 B．limit
C．hide　 D．expand
17．A.stage　 B．puzzle
C．trouble　 D．pleasure
18．A.proud　 B．united
C．calm　 D．merciful
19．A.broke up　 B．fell apart
C．went away　 D．paid off
20．A.task　 B．duty
C．dream　 D．chance
【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Aesha Ash通过自己的努力实现自己的梦想，成为了一名优秀的黑人芭蕾舞舞者的故事，激励大家相信梦想的力量，并为之而努力。
1．B　考查名词辨析。句意：从5岁开始，Aesha Ash学习过踢踏舞、爵士和芭蕾舞。她想成为百老汇的一名舞者。A.singer歌手；B.dancer舞者；C.director导演；D.tutor助教。由前文提到“studied tap, jazz and ballet”她学习的都是与舞蹈相关的，所以是想成为舞者。故选B。
2．C　考查动词辨析。句意：10岁那年，学校告诉她必须选择跳一种舞蹈。A.create创造；B.abandon放弃；C.choose选择；D.observe观察，注意，遵守。由下文“one kind of dance”可知是选择其中的一种。故选C。
3．D　考查名词辨析。句意：她认为其他形式的舞蹈对她来说比较容易些，她想要挑战。A.guide指导；B.performance表现，表演；C.model模型，模仿；D.challenge挑战。由前文“the other forms of dance were easier for her”可知这些形式的舞蹈对她来说比较简单，她想要有挑战性的，故选D。
4．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：她和她妈妈谈话，妈妈告诉她，这对她来说将会更加困难。因为很少有黑人芭蕾舞演员。A.practical实用的；B.difficult困难的；C.comfortable舒适的，舒服的；D.expensive昂贵的。由下文“because few ballet dancers were black”可推知芭蕾舞对她来说是困难的。故选B。
5．C　考查动词辨析。句意：但是，这些话帮助Ash做出了决定。A.quit离开，放弃；B.relax放松；C.decide决定；D.bargain讨价还价。由下文“She would prove to herself and to everyone that she could __6__ an excellent black ballet dancer.”可推知，她要向别人证明自己可以成为一位出色的黑人芭蕾舞演员，也就暗示出这里妈妈的话让她做了决定。故选C。
6．A　考查动词辨析。句意：她将向自己和所有人证明，她可以成为一位出色的黑人芭蕾舞演员。A.make使成为；B.find找到；C.meet 遇见；D.change改变。根据下文“She started studying ballet ”可推知是她想要成为芭蕾舞演员，故选A。
7．A　考查副词辨析。句意：从那时起，她开始更加认真地学习芭蕾舞。A.seriously认真地，严肃地；B.equally平等地；C.randomly随意地；D.automatically自动地。由上文“She would prove to herself and to everyone that she could __6__ an excellent black ballet dancer.”可推知要证明自己可以成为优秀的芭蕾舞演员，所以肯定认真练习。故选A。
8．C　考查动词辨析。句意：然后，Ash进入美国芭蕾舞学校，并为实现自己的梦想而努力。A.built建设，建造；B.bought 买；C.entered进入；D.repaired修理，修复。由后文“the School of American Ballet”可知是进入学校学习，故选C。
9．B　考查动词词组辨析。句意：每当她被欺凌时，她都努力重新站起来，她也变得更加决心要成功。A.make up化妆，组成；B.stand up站立；C.line up排队，排列；D.stay up熬夜。由下文“she became more __10__ to succeed”可知，她更加的下定决心要成功，可推知她没有被欺凌所打败，而是重新站了起来。故选B。
10．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：每当她被欺凌时，她都努力重新站起来，她也变得更加决心要成功。A.determined坚决的，有决心的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.curious好奇的；D.unwilling不情愿的。由下文“where she danced many lead roles”可推知她更加坚决地要成功。故选A。
11．D　考查动词词组辨析。句意：18岁时，当她加入了纽约市芭蕾舞团，并在其中扮演许多主角时，她的梦想实现了。A.turned up出现；B.faded away逐渐消失，褪色；C.ran out 用完；D.came true实现。由下文中“when she joined the New York City Ballet”可知，她的梦想得以实现。故选D。
12．B　考查形容词辨析。句意：她变得专业了！ A．disappointed失望的；B.professional专业的；C.uncertain不确定的；D.humorous和谐的。由前文提到“she danced many lead roles”可推知她应该是更加专业的舞者。故选B。
13．D　考查动词辨析。句意：多年后，Ash发起了“天鹅梦计划”，该慈善机构利用舞蹈和艺术来教导孩子们。A.found发现；B.missed怀念；C.refused拒绝；D.started开始。由文中“the Swan Dreams Project, a charity that uses dance and the arts to __14__ kids”可推知Ash开始了这个计划。故选D。
14．C　考查动词辨析。句意：多年后，Ash发起了“天鹅梦计划”，该慈善机构利用舞蹈和艺术来教导孩子们。A.select挑选；B.employ雇佣；C.teach教授；D.protect保护。由下文“Where they live, how much money they have, what their __15__ is or anyone else’s ideas about them cannot __16__ their dreams.”可推知是在教这些孩子这样的道理。故选C。
15．A　考查名词辨析。句意：多年后，Ash发起了“天鹅梦计划”，该慈善机构利用舞蹈和艺术来教导孩子们：他们住的地方、有多少钱、他们的“种族”是什么，或者其他人关于他们的想法都不能限制他们的梦想。A.race种族；B.name名字；C.gift礼物，天赋；D.mind想法。由上文“She talked to her mom, who told her that a career in ballet would be even more __4__ for her because few ballet dancers were black.”提到，妈妈说很少黑人芭蕾舞演员，这对她来说有难度。因为是黑人，提到了种族的问题。所以此处是种族。故选A。
16．B　考查动词辨析。句意：该慈善机构利用舞蹈和艺术来教导孩子们：他们住的地方、有多少钱、他们的“种族”是什么，或者其他人关于他们的想法都不能限制他们的梦想。A.realize意识到；B.limit限制；C.hide隐藏；D.expand扩大，增加。由上文讲述的Ash的故事以及上文的“Where they live, how much money they have, what their __15__ is or anyone else’s ideas about them ”可推知是没有什么可以限制他们的梦想。故选B。
17．D　考查名词辨析。句意：Ash说，尽管她赢得了奖项和赞誉，但最大的喜悦是让她的家人感到骄傲，因为她实现了自己的梦想。A.stage舞台；B.puzzle困惑；C.trouble麻烦；D.pleasure愉快，喜悦。由前文“Ash has won awards and praise”可推知是令人喜悦的，且最大的喜悦是让家人骄傲。故选D。
18．A　考查形容词辨析。句意： Ash说，尽管她赢得了奖项和赞誉，但最大的喜悦是让她的家人感到骄傲，因为她实现了自己的梦想。A.proud自豪的，骄傲的；B.united统一的，联合的；C.calm冷静的；D.merciful怜悯的。由文中“Ash has won awards and praise”以及“because she reached her dream”可推知是让家人很骄傲的。故选A。
19．D　考查动词词组辨析。句意：她说：“所有的努力和牺牲都得到了回报。当您有一个梦想时，请全心全意地相信它。”A.broke up结束，破裂；B.fell apart 破裂，破碎；C.went away离开；D.paid off取得回报。由前文“Ash has won awards and praise”可推知，所有的努力和牺牲得到了回报。故选D。
20．C　考查名词辨析。句意：她说：“所有的努力和牺牲都得到了回报。当您有一个梦想时，请全心全意地相信它。”A.task任务；B.duty责任；C.dream梦想；D.chance机会。由上文“because she reached her dream”可知，她努力实现了自己的梦想，故推知也是拥有梦想，全力相信它。故选C。
D
(2021·四川省凉山州高三第三次诊断考试)
Footrace(竞走) is a popular activity in the US.It is not only a __1__ sport, but also __2__ as a way to exercise.Though __3__ runners may spend months training to compete, other runners and walkers might not train at all.They might run in an effort to __4__ their own time, or __5__ to enjoy the fun and exercise.People of all __6__， from those less than three years old to those in their 80s, __7__ this sport.The races are held on city streets, on college campuses, __8__ parks, and in suburban areas, and commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in __9__.
The __10__ footrace in the world is the 12-kilometer Bay to Breakers race held in San Francisco every spring.This race __11__ on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the __12__ side at the Pacific Ocean.Last year there were 80,000 people __13__ in this race.In the __14__ were the serious runners who compete to win, and who might finish in as little as 34 minutes. __15__ them were the thousands who take several hours to finish.In the back of the race were those who wear various clothing just for __16__. __17__， there was a group of firefighters who were all __18__ in a long line, carrying a fire-hose (消防水龙带)．One year, there was a wedding __19__， in which the bride dressed in a long white dress and the groom wore a tuxedo(无尾礼服)．They __20__ flowers to by-standers, and were actually married at some point along the route.
1．A.cute　 B．humorous
C．competitive　 D．strange
2．A.accepted　 B．seen
C．referred　 D．known
3．A.amateur　 B．famous
C．ordinary　 D．serious
4．A.beat　 B．save
C．waste　 D．value
5．A.finally　 B．simply
C．partly　 D．certainly
6．A.ages　 B．walks
C．kinds　 D．nations
7．A.turn into　 B．look into
C．break into　 D．enter into
8．A.across　 B．through
C．over　 D．beneath
9．A.size　 B．depth
C．length　 D．height
10．A.largest　 B．latest
C．cheapest　 D．longest
11．A.holds　 B．goes
C．begins　 D．carries
12．A.north　 B．south
C．east　 D．west
13．A.signing　 B．running
C．helping　 D．watching
14．A.front　 B．back
C．course　 D．process
15．A.Fighting　 B．Struggling
C．Following　 D．Attempting
16．A.medal　 B．prize
C．game　 D．fun
17．A.In addition　 B．In theory
C．In brief　 D．In advance
18．A.wrapped　 B．tied
C．separated　 D．stuck
19．A.picnic　 B．event
C．party　 D．parade
20．A.sold　 B．presented
C．donated　 D．threw
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。竞走在美国是一项很受欢迎的活动，它不仅是一项竞技运动，而且被视为一种锻炼的方式。文章主要介绍了这项比赛的一些情况以及不同的人参加比赛的不同目的。
1．C　考查形容词辨析。句意：它不仅是一项竞技运动，而且被视为一种锻炼的方式。A.cute可爱的；B.humorous 幽默的；C.competitive竞争的；D.strange奇怪的。根据上文“Footrace is a popular activity in the US.”可知，竞走是一项竞技运动，故选C。
2．B　考查动词辨析。句意：它不仅是一项竞技运动，而且被视为一种锻炼的方式。A.accepted接受；B.seen看见；C.referred参考；D.known知道。根据下文“as a way to exercise”指竞走被视为一种锻炼的方式，be seen as“被视为……”。故选B。
3．D　考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然认真的跑步者可能会花几个月的时间训练来比赛，但其他的跑步者和步行者可能根本不训练。A.amateur业余的；B.famous出名的；C.ordinary普通的；D.serious认真的。根据下文“runners may spend months training to compete”可知，花几个月的时间训练来比赛说明跑步者认真对待比赛。故选D。
4．A　考查动词辨析。句意：他们跑步可能是为了消磨自己的时间，或者只是为了享受跑步的乐趣和锻炼。A.beat打败，敲打；B.save拯救；C.waste浪费；D.value重视。beat本意指“(有规律地反复)敲打”，根据语境，这里指人们利用跑步来不断地消磨自己的时间，故选A。
5．B　考查副词辨析。句意：他们跑步可能是为了消磨自己的时间，或者只是为了享受跑步的乐趣和锻炼。A.finally终于；B.simply简单地，只是；C.partly部分地；D.certainly当然。根据下文“to enjoy the fun and exercise”指跑步只是为了享受跑步的乐趣和锻炼。故选B。
6．A　考查名词辨析。句意：所有年龄层的人，从不到3岁到80多岁，都参加这项运动。A.ages年龄；B.walks散步；C.kinds种类；D.nations民族。根据下文“from those less than three years old”可知参加运动的人年龄各不相同。故选A。
7．D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有年龄层的人，从不到3岁到80多岁，都参加这项运动。A.turn into变成；B.look into调查；C.break into闯入；D.enter into进入，参加。根据下文“this sport”指参加这项运动，应用enter into。故选D。
8．B　考查介词辨析。句意：比赛在城市街道、大学校园、公园和郊区举行，通常长5至10公里。A.across越过，平行穿过；B.through通过，空间穿过；C.over在……上面；D.beneath在……之下。根据下文“parks, and in suburban areas”指比赛的赛道穿过了城市街道、大学校园、公园和郊区，应用through表空间穿过。故选B。
9．C　考查名词辨析。句意：比赛在城市街道、大学校园、公园和郊区举行，通常长5至10公里。A.size尺寸；B.depth深度；C.length长度；D.height高度。根据上文“5 to 10 kilometers”可知是在说明比赛的长度。故选C。
10．A　考查形容词辨析。句意：世界上最大的竞走比赛是每年春天在旧金山举行的12公里的环城路跑。A.largest最大的；B.latest最新的；C.cheapest最便宜的；D.longest最长的。根据下文“footrace in the world”可知指世界上最大的竞走比赛，应用largest。故选A。
11．C　考查动词辨析。句意：比赛从旧金山湾附近的城市东部开始，到太平洋西部结束。A.holds持有；B.goes离开；C.begins开始；D.carries搬运。根据下文“on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the”可知此处在介绍比赛的起始地，从旧金山湾附近的城市东部开始，到太平洋西部结束。故选C。
12．D　考查名词辨析。句意：比赛从旧金山湾附近的城市东部开始，到太平洋西部结束。A.north北方；B.south南方；C.east东方；D.west西部。根据上文“on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the”可知东部开始，到西部结束。故选D。
13．B　考查动词辨析。句意：去年有8万人参加了这个比赛。A.signing签字；B.running奔跑，参赛；C.helping帮助；D.watching观看。根据下文“in this race”指8万人参加这项比赛。故选B。
14．A　考查名词辨析。句意：排在前面的是认真的赛跑者，他们都是为了赢得比赛，他们可能在34分钟内跑完全程。A.front前面；B.back后部；C.course课程；D.process过程。根据下文“were the serious runners who compete to win, and who might finish in as little as 34 minutes”可知，认真的赛跑者为了赢得比赛，可能在34分钟内跑完全程，所以是排在前面。故选A。
15．C　考查动词辨析。句意：紧随其后的是数千人，他们要花几个小时才完成。A.Fighting打架；B.Struggling挣扎；C.Following跟随；D.Attempting尝试。根据下文“take several hours to finish”指排在认真的赛跑者后的是数千人，他们花几个小时才完成比赛。故选C。
16．D　考查名词辨析。句意：在比赛的后面是那些穿着各种衣服只是为了好玩的人。A.medal奖章；B.prize奖品；C.game游戏；D.fun乐趣。根据上文“who wear various clothing just for”以及呼应第一段中“to enjoy the fun and exercise”这些人参赛只是为了好玩。故选D。
17．A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，还有一群消防员，他们都被连结成一条长长的队伍，拿着消防水管。A.In addition此外；B.In theory理论上；C.In brief简言之；D.In advance提前。上文提到了不同类型的跑步者，有认真的，还有只是为了好玩参加比赛的，下文则提到了一群消防员，可知in addition表示“除了……还有”符合语境。故选A。
18．B　考查动词辨析。句意：此外，还有一群消防员，他们都被连接成一条长长的队伍，拿着消防水管。A.wrapped包裹；B.tied系，连接；C.separated分开；D.stuck困住。根据上下文“there was a group of firefighters who were all...in a long line”指消防员被连接成长的队伍，tied符合语境。故选B。
19．C　考查名词辨析。句意：有一年，举行了一场结婚聚会，新娘穿着白色长裙，新郎穿着无尾礼服。A.picnic野餐；B.event事件；C.party聚会，宴会；D.parade游行。根据上文“there was a wedding”可知有人把比赛当作了结婚聚会。故选C。
20．D　考查动词辨析。句意：他们向路人扔花，实际上在沿途的某个时候已经完成婚礼了。A.sold出售；B.presented 赠送；C.donated捐赠；D.threw扔。根据下文“flowers to by-standers”可知把花扔给路人，应用throw。故选D。