第11讲 完形填空讲解与练习 - 【暑假自学课】2022年新高一英语暑假精品课（人教版）

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第三部分 Reading
II 完形填空
Not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personal losses.
不以物喜不以己悲


Preview




Exercises 1
Passage 1

（2022·广东）Last year, I told my family that I didn’t want or need anything for my birthday. Instead, I ____1____ them to think of a way to share a ____2____ in their world for me. My husband and my daughter did something different, but ____3____.
The week of my birthday my husband went to a local cafe and told a waitress that he wanted to ____4____ pay for the breakfast of a family. The waitress was ____5____ and said it was her last day at work there and this had never ____6____. When the family finished eating, the waitress told them their ____7____ had been paid. The mom started crying and the dad stood up, trying to ____8____ who might have done it, but my husband was outside ____9____ the whole thing. He told me he had such a wonderful _____10_____ in his heart and he would like to _____11_____ it a few more times.
My daughter was on a tight budget(手头很紧) so she_____12_____ the week smiling more at people, and letting someone go before her at the market. She just took the time during my birthday week to slow down and be _____13_____ and kind to a stranger and her co-workers.
When we finally all got together for Mother’s Day and my birthday, everyone was in tears as each person_____14_____ what they had done. As you can see, it was the _____15_____ birthday ever!
1．A．wanted B．encouraged C．ordered D．permitted
2．A．story B．feeling C．kindness D．responsibility
3．A．crazy B．wonderful C．interesting D．silly
4．A．partly B．normally C．quickly D．secretly
5．A．frightened B．satisfied C．surprised D．disappointed
6．A．failed B．mattered C．existed D．happened
7．A．coffee B．bill C．money D．lunch
8．A．find out B．look after C．think of D．look on
9．A．watching B．listening C．asking D．telling
10．A．feeling B．day C．experience D．idea
11．A．say B．discuss C．do D．cost
12．A．wasted B．found C．took D．spent
13．A．healthy B．simply C．honest D．friendly
14．A．shared B．practiced C．recorded D．watched
15．A．biggest B．longest C．best D．quietest
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．D
5．C
6．D
7．B
8．A
9．A
10．A
11．C
12．D
13．D
14．A
15．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者想要一个特殊的生日礼物——希望丈夫和女儿做一件善良的事情。丈夫给一个陌生家庭付早餐费、女儿对别人友好是作者最好的生日礼物，他们一家因为能做善事帮助别人而非常开心，同时作者也度过了一个最好的生日。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，我想要他们想出一种方法来分享他们世界里的善良。A. wanted想要；B. encouraged鼓励；C. ordered命令，点餐；D. permitted允许。根据上文“I told my family that I didn't want or need anything for my birthday”可知，此处用“想要”符合语境，want是原词复现。故选A项。
2．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我想要他们想出一种方法来分享他们世界里的善良。A. story故事；B. feeling感觉；C. kindness善良；D. responsibility责任。根据下文内容可知，作者的丈夫和女儿都做了好事，故此处用“善良”符合语境，且下文的“and be 　　13　　 and kind to a stranger and her co-workers.”也有暗示，kind是原词复现。故选C项。
3．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫和女儿做了不同的事，但都是绝妙的。A. crazy疯狂的；B. wonderful绝妙的；C. interesting有趣的；D. silly愚蠢的。根据下文“He told me he had such a wonderful”可知，此处用“绝妙的”符合语境，wonderful是原词复现。故选B项。
4．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我生日的那周，丈夫去了当地一家咖啡馆，并告诉服务员他想暗自为一个家庭付早餐费。A. partly部分地；B. normally正常地；C. quickly快速地；D. secretly暗自地。根据下文的“trying to 　　8　　 who might have done it”可知，这家人不知道是谁付了早餐费，故此处用“暗自”符合语境。故选D项。
5．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：服务员有点惊讶，说这是她在这儿工作的最后一天，这样的事情从来没有发生过。A. frightened害怕的；B. satisfied满意的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. disappointed失望的。结合常识可知，听到要为陌生家庭付早餐的想法，大部分人都会感到惊讶。故选C项。
6．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：服务员有点惊讶，说这是她在这儿工作的最后一天，这样的事情从来没有发生过。A. failed失败；B. mattered重要；C. existed存在；D. happened发生。结合上下文可知，此处是指帮别人付钱的事在这个咖啡馆是第一次发生，以前从来没有过。故选D项。
7．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这家人吃完饭时，服务员告诉他们已经有人给他们买单了。A. coffee咖啡；B. bill账单；C. money钱；D. lunch午饭。结合上文“pay for the breakfast of a family”可知，此处考查短语pay the bill，意为“买单”。故选B项。
8．
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：这位母亲感动的哭了，父亲站起来试图找出是谁做了这件事，而我的丈夫站在外面观察着整件事。A. find out查明，找出；B. look after照顾；C. think of想，想起；D. look on袖手旁观。结合上下文可知，此处是指这位父亲站起来看看谁在店里，以便找出做好事的人。故选A项。
9．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位母亲感动的哭了，父亲站起来试图找出是谁做了这件事，而我的丈夫站在外面观察着整件事。A. watching观察；B. listening听；C. asking问；D. telling告诉。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者的丈夫付款之后到店外观察事情的发展。故选A项。
10．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我他心情很好，并且想多做几次。A. feeling情绪；B. day天，日子；C. experience经历，经验；D. idea主意。根据语境“He told me he had such a wonderful　　10　　 in his heart and he would like to　　11　　it a few more times.”可知，此处是指作者的丈夫因为帮助了别人而心情愉快。故选A项。
11．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我他心情很好，并且想多做几次。A. say说；B. discuss 讨论；C. do做；D. cost花费。根据语境“it a few more times.”可知，此处是指作者的丈夫以后还想做这种帮助别人的事情。故选C项。
12．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我女儿的手头很紧，所以她花这周的时间多向别人微笑，在超市里让别人走在她前面。A. wasted浪费；B. found发现；C. took拿，花费；D. spent花费。根据后文“ the week smiling more at people”可知，此处考查短语spend…in doing sth.,意为“花……来做某事”。故选D项。
13．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在我生日那周减缓速度，而且友好的、善良的对待陌生人和她的同事。A. healthy健康的；B. simply简单地；C. honest诚实的；D. friendly友好的。根据kind可知，此处用“友好的”符合语境，friendly和kind是同义词复现。故选D项。
14．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们最终一起度过母亲节和我的生日时，一分享他们所做的事情大家都热泪盈眶。A. shared分享；B. practiced练习；C. recorded记录；D. watched观察。根据语境“what they had done. ”可知，此处是指在作者生日的那天，他们一家把作者生日这周自己所做的好事讲出来给大家听，故用“分享”符合语境，故选A项。
15．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如你所见，这是我有史以来最好的生日。A. biggest最大的；B. longest最长的；C. best最好的；D. quietest最安静的。结合上句内容可知，作者的丈夫和女儿都做了自己力所能及的好事作为作者的生日礼物，故推测作者很开心，认为这是最好的生日。故选C项。
Exercises 2
Passage 2
（2022·浙江）On a hilltop in southeast Brazil, 4,500 feet above the surrounding landscape, is a coffee plantation with a history of more than 150 years—five generations. The owner is Ellen Fontana, a woman ____16____ to both her land and her family. A respect ____17____ nature contributes to her business; she employs sustainable (可持续的) practices to ____18____ water, avoid pesticides and ____19____ greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Her devotion and attention helped her ____20____ award-winning specialty coffee and a successful coffee business, which she hopes will ____21____ through future generations.
But in the past few years, her vision of the future has been ____22____. The planet is changing ____23____ and whether coffee production will continue in her area in 20 or 50 years is naturally a ____24____. “I heard from my grandparents that it used to rain a lot in January, and the dry and rainy seasons were more clearly ____25____,” Fontana says. “But now, for a few years, we have noticed ____26____ rainfall, high temperature and hail (冰雹).”
In 2014, Fontana’s home experienced its worst ____27____ in nearly a century, resulting in a rare water crisis. And February 2020 was the rainiest month in the region’s ____28____ history, causing floods.
____29____ Fontana has earned more than many, thanks to her hilltop location and an important area of natural forest that she and her family have ____30____ on their land. She says, “We are in a micro-region with a lot of well-preserved forest, and we have a lot of coffee. This microclimate ____31____ a lot in the balance of crops. I think that living in a balance between coffee production and the environment that we live in provides a ____32____ not only for our family but for all the other people who will ____33____ these resources. I think this ____34____ is good for the business, good for the ____35____ and good for our soul.”
16．A．related B．addicted C．devoted D．used
17．A．with B．for C．about D．in
18．A．make the best of C．keep track of
B．make sense of D．keep out of
19．A．reserve B．remove C．reduce D．recover
20．A．design B．invent C．harvest D．create
21．A．stop B．return C．appear D．continue
22．A．improved B．shaken C．recognized D．cleared
23．A．frequently B．rapidly C．gradually D．definitely
24．A．concern B．factor C．threat D．guideline
25．A．conducted B．listed C．announced D．defined
26．A．irregular B．increasing C．decreasing D．average
27．A．drought B．sandstorm C．flood D．earthquake
28．A．hidden B．recorded C．short D．chief
29．A．Plus B．Also C．Thus D．But
30．A．cut B．covered C．preserved D．produced
31．A．harms B．changes C．punishes D．helps
32．A．benefit B．career C．freedom D．convenience
33．A．process B．enjoy C．waste D．observe
34．A．access B．approach C．balance D．behavior
35．A．climate B．landscape C．creature D．family
16．C
17．B
18．A
19．C
20．C
21．D
22．B
23．B
24．A
25．D
26．A
27．A
28．B
29．D
30．C
31．D
32．A
33．B
34．C
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在巴西东南部的一个山顶上，一个有着150多年历史的咖啡种植园，园主主人艾伦·丰塔纳经营咖啡成功得益于地理优势和拥有森林保护区。
16．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这片土地的主人是爱伦·丰塔纳(Ellen Fontana)，她对自己的土地和家庭都很忠诚。A. related联系；B. addicted入迷；C. devoted投入；D. used用根据“both her land and her family.”可知，爱伦·丰塔纳是一个对土地和家庭都很忠诚的女人。be devoted to(对……忠诚)为固定搭配。故选C。
17．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：对自然的尊重有助于她的事业。A. with和，有；B. for对于；C. about关于；D. in在。根据respect和“contributes to her business;”可知，爱伦·丰塔纳对自然很尊重。respect for(对……的尊重)为固定搭配。故选B。
18．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她采用可持续的做法，充分利用水资源，避免使用杀虫剂，减少温室气体排放。A. make the best of充分利用；B. make sense of搞清……的意思；C. keep track of跟踪；D. keep out of置身于外。根据“she employs sustainable (可持续的) practices”可知，爱伦·丰塔纳充分利用水资源。故选A。
19．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她采用可持续的做法，充分利用水资源，避免使用杀虫剂，减少温室气体排放。A. reserve保留；B. remove移除；C. reduce减少；D. recover恢复。根据“she employs sustainable (可持续的) practices”可知，爱伦·丰塔纳减少温室气体排放。故选C。
20．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的奉献和关注帮助她收获了屡获殊荣的特色咖啡，并成功经营了咖啡生意，她希望这一事业能延续到后代。A. design设计；B. invent发明；C. harvest收获；D. create创造。根据“Her devotion and attention”可知，爱伦·丰塔纳的奉献和关注说明她很注重咖啡种植，帮助她收获了屡获殊荣的特色咖啡。故选C。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的奉献和关注帮助她收获了屡获殊荣的特色咖啡，并成功经营了咖啡生意，她这一事业能延续到后代。A. stop停止；B. return返回；C. appear出现；D. continue继续。根据“through future generations.”可知，爱伦·丰塔纳希望咖啡事业延续到后代。故选D。
22．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在过去的几年里，她对未来的憧憬被动摇了。A. improved提高；B. shaken摇晃；C. recognized意识到；D. cleared清除。根据后文“I heard from my grandparents that it used to rain a lot in January”可知，爱伦·丰塔纳过去曾对未来的憧憬动摇过。故选B。
23．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：地球正在迅速变化，她所在地区的咖啡生产能否在20年或50年后继续下去自然是一个令人担忧的问题。A. frequently频繁地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. definitely肯定地。根据“and whether coffee production will continue in her area in 20 or 50 years is naturally a____9____.”可知，地球的变化应该是快速地。故选B。
24．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：地球正在迅速变化，她所在地区的咖啡生产能否在20年或50年后继续下去自然是一个令人担忧的问题。A. concern关注，问题；B. factor因素；C. threat威胁；D. guideline指导。根据“The planet is changing”可知，因为地球正在迅速变化，咖啡能否继续生产下去是爱伦·丰塔纳关心的一个问题。故选A。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从祖父母那里听说，一月份经常下雨，旱季和雨季的定义更加明确。A. conducted进行；B. listed列出；C. announced宣布；D. defined下定义。根据“I heard from my grandparents that it used to rain a lot in January,”可知，一月份经常下雨，旱季雨季定义明确。故选D。
26．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在，这几年，我们已经注意到不规律的降雨、高温和冰雹。A. irregular不规律的；B. increasing增长的；C. decreasing渐减的；D. average平均的。根据句中的But now可知，前后句意发生转折与前面旱季和雨季的定义更加明确反转，所以是不规律。故选A。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2014年，丰塔纳的家经历了近一个世纪以来最严重的干旱，导致了罕见的水危机。A. drought干旱；B. sandstorm沙尘暴；C. flood洪水；D. earthquake地震。根据“leading to a rare water crisis.”可知，丰塔纳的家经历的是干旱。故选A。
28．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2020年2月是该地区有记录以来降雨最多的一个月，导致了洪水。A. hidden隐藏的；B. recorded记录的；C. short短的；D. chief主要的。根据“resulting in floods.”可推知，应该是记录的历史以来的降雨最多的。故选B。
29．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但丰塔纳赚得比很多人都多，这要归功于她位于山顶的位置，以及她和家人在自己的土地上维持的大片天然森林。A. Plus而且；B. Also此外，而且；C. Thus因此；D. But但是。根据上文“And February 2020 was the rainiest month in the region’s recorded history, resulting in floods.”与后文的“Fontana has earned more than many,”可知，前后句意转折关系。故选D。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但丰塔纳赚得比很多人都多，这要归功于她位于山顶的位置，以及她和家人在自己的土地上维持的大片天然森林。A. cut砍；B. covered覆盖；C. preserved维持；D. produced生产。根据“thanks to her hilltop location and a significant area of natural forest”结合前文内容可知，丰塔纳和家人在自己的土地上维持的大片天然森林。故选C。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种气候对庄稼生长平衡有很大帮助。A. harms伤害；B. changes改变；C. punishes惩罚；D. helps帮助。根据“We are in a region with a lot of preserved forest, and we have a lot of coffee.”可知，气候有助于庄稼生长平衡。故选D。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为，在咖啡生产和我们生活的环境之间取得平衡，不仅对我们的家庭有好处，而且对所有享受这些资源的其他人都有好处。A. benefit好处；B. career职业；C. freedom自由；D. convenience方便。根据“not only for our family but for all the other people who will____18____ these resources.”可知，这种平衡会带来好处。故选A。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为，在咖啡生产和我们生活的环境之间取得平衡，不仅对我们的家庭有好处，而且对所有享受这些资源的其他人都有好处。A. process处理，加工；B. enjoy享受；C. waste浪费；D. observe观察。根据前文提到“在咖啡生产和我们生活的环境之间取得平衡”会带来好处，以及“these resources”可知，应是享受资源。故选B。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这种平衡对企业、家庭和我们的灵魂都有好处。A. access通道；B. approach道路；C. balance平衡；D. behavior行为。根据上文的“This climate____16____ a lot in the balance of crops.”可知，丰塔纳认为这种平衡对企业有好处。故选C。
35．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这种平衡对企业、家庭和我们的灵魂都有好处。A.   climate气候；B. landscape陆地；C. creature生物；D. family家庭。根据前文“we live in provides a____17____ not only for our family but for all the other people who will____18____ these resources.”可知，这种平衡对家庭也有好处。故选D。






Knowledge




Tip 1
初中完形填空考察点
1. 以培养学生兴趣为主
初中英语学习主要以培养学生的英语学习兴趣为主，故而在挑选材料的时候，也是选择故事性较强、趣味性较多和实用性较广的文章。
2. 以故事性为主
初中学生并不具备特别严密的逻辑思维能力，相比起较为枯燥乏味的推断，学生更喜欢讲故事和听故事，故而初中完形填空的体裁主要是以记叙文为主。
3. 以亲身经历为主
初中生因心智还不够成熟，并没有出现特别明显的独立性格，故而初中完形填空材料多以讲述亲情、友情为主，渗透着爱心、友善、真诚与关心，饱含着人生哲理。
Tip 2
高中完型填空难点
1. 句子结构复杂多变
高中完形填空较长的句子比较多，这些句子结构也比较复杂，从而给学生在理解方面造成许多问题。
2. 逻辑结构严谨清晰
高中完形填空减少了对语法的考察，从而加多了对文章深层次和语境的理解，因此学生必须要借助于上下文的逻辑关系来揣摩作者对主要角色、事件的态度。
3. 段落关系更加密切
初中完形填空因多是故事性较强的记叙文，故而段落与段落之间的联系不是特别密切，即有没有分段影响不大；但是高中完形填空上下文之间的关系是十分密切的，很多时候都需要学生通过上下文的逻辑关系进行推断。
4. 作者意图判断不能
完形填空关键是在考察学生对文章内容的理解以及对作者的写作意图的判断能力。学生应该重视文章的中心思想，只有通过中心思想贯穿全文才能充分把握文章大意和作者的意图。

Difficulty




Tip 1
高中完形填空的特点
1. 题型特点
①词数在200—250左右
②难度与教材阅读难度差不多
③文章多为简单句，但复合句也有一定的比例
④文章结构清晰，易于理解
⑤内容积极向上，具有指导意义
2. 设空特点
①因地区不同，设空为15—20个
②设空以考察实词为主，考察虚词为辅；以考察单词为主，考察短语为辅
③实词以考察动词、形容词、副词、代词、名词等为主
④虚词以考察连词、介词、冠词为主
⑤短语根据地区不同最少会考察一个
⑥文章会有2—4个空答案就出现在上下文中（同义替换或相同单词）
⑦设空单词均为高中课本上所学单词，不会出现超纲词汇
Tip 2
完形填空解题技巧
1. 完形填空日常练习方式
（1）通读全文
快速阅读全文要一气呵成，跳过空格或者不懂的地方，目的很简单就是掌握文章主要讲述的内容。
（2）尝试填空
在理解全文的基础上，可以根据自己的常识或者对文章脉络的把握进行试填空，不会写单词不要紧，可以填入中文。然后再根据选项内容，将范围缩小到两个选项以内，然后再根据上下文逐一筛选答案。
（3）全面检查
试填完成后，最后再通读一遍全文，注意检查所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文意通常、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整。
2. 完形填空解题技巧
（1）通过首尾句快速把握文意
一般来说，高考完形填空首尾句是不设空的，因此可以根据这两句完整的英语语句对文章大意做一个初步的判定。
（2）重点注意提取复现信息
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。因此，学生在做题时要求全局观念和连贯性思维，应特别注意设空前后所出现的相关词语，尤其注意其中重复出现的词语。
（3）多从上下文逻辑关系切入
利用上下文寻找解题信息，是解决高中完形填空题的核心思路。可以通过读完每个段落用笔在旁边批注段落大意的方式培养自己对篇章逻辑及含义的把握能力。
（4）推理文段之间的逻辑关系
有时可以尝试从逻辑关系入手。比如英语中的and前后是并列关系，前后出现的词汇语义也自然是相同或递进关系；如英语中的but前后是转折关系，前后出现的语句词汇含义自然是相反的论述；如英语中的such as后是举例，那么such as前自然就是概括，such as后就是具体的描述等
（5）利用句子成分分析法分析长难句
有些句子过长，就需要进行句子成分分析。如定语从句是作为定语在修饰先行词，那么如果知道定语从句的内容自然就知道先行词是什么含义；反之，知道先行词是什么含义就知道定语从句修饰的内容大概是什么
（6）做题要学会灵活变通
做题过程中始终遵循先易后难，不会就跳的方针，切不可在一题上思考许久，不然考完自己只会埋怨“要是上天再给我一万秒”就好了。
（7）学会利用自己所学知识
完形填空的选材多是来源于期刊上的文章，无论什么文章都是有现实依据的，故而在做题过程中可以多利用自己的生活、学习常识去推断。但注意，推断不代表天马行空，不要用模棱两可的知识去推断。




























Practice




（2022·黑龙江）In a small town in Oklahoma, many people have lost their jobs because of Covid-19. They do not have as much ___1___ as they used to. Therefore, in some restaurants, customers pay for their meals, and then they add another food item for someone who cannot ___2___ it.
On the ___3___ in a restaurant named The Daug House are receipts (收款单) for the ___4___ meals. Someone who is hungry can come in, choose one from the receipts and have something to eat. This is what the customers are doing now to ___5___ others. When they pay for their meals, they can___6___ another food item.
Jennifer, owner of the restaurant, started the idea of the ___7___ wall. Her restaurant has eight tables, ___8___ only a few people can visit at one time. But in six months, customers have bought 600 ____9____ meals.
Customers who had no money would take down the receipts to eat and then later returned to ____10____ more meals, so someone else could eat. Jennifer remembered when a poor ____11____ came in with their children recently. “They sat there to just have a meal ____12____, not worrying about how much they were having to pay.”
“That says a lot about how ____13____ our community is,” Jennifer said. “The small town has been hurt by the ____14____ crisis(危机). But I believe it will soon return to normal activities. We ____15____ by helping others.”
1．A．work B．money C．patience D．energy
2．A．finish B．share C．afford D．resist
3．A．window B．counter C．table D．wall
4．A．donated B．varied C．packed D．lost
5．A．educate B．help C．remind D．promise
6．A．share B．take C．gain D．add
7．A．giving B．warning C．shining D．praising
8．A．but B．as C．so D．though
9．A．free B．delicious C．special D．extra
10．A．put up B．pay for C．search for D．make up
11．A．couple B．family C．team D．group
12．A．anxiously B．eagerly C．happily D．carefully
13．A．interesting B．amazing C．exciting D．relaxing
14．A．quality B．policy C．health D．information
15．A．change B．gather C．recover D．freeze
1．B
2．C
3．D
4．A
5．B
6．D
7．A
8．C
9．D
10．B
11．A
12．C
13．B
14．C
15．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了在俄克拉荷马州的一个小镇，许多人因为Covid-19失去了工作。餐厅的老板詹妮弗提出了设置捐赠墙的想法，让顾客为那些没有钱的人捐赠食物。
1．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不像以前那么有钱了。A. work工作；B. money钱；C. patience耐心；D. energy精力。根据前文“many people have lost their jobs”可知，他们失去工作了，不那么有钱了。故选B项。
2．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在一些餐馆，顾客先付餐费，然后再为那些付不起餐费的人添加另一种食物。A. finish完成；B. share分享；C. afford负担得起；D. resist抵抗。根据前文“many people have lost their jobs”可知，他们失去工作了，付不起餐费。故选C项。
3．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一家名为The Daug House的餐厅的墙上，贴着捐赠餐食的收款单。A. window窗口；B. counter柜台；C. table桌子；D. wall墙。根据后文“started the idea of the 　　7　　 wall”可知，捐赠餐食的信息挂在墙上。故选D项。
4．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一家名为The Daug House的餐厅的墙上，贴着捐赠餐食的收款单。A. donated捐赠；B. varied变化；C. packed包装；D. lost丢失。根据前文“and then they add another food item for someone who cannot 　　2　　 it”可知，他们为付不起餐费的人捐赠餐食。故选A项。
5．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是顾客现在正在做的帮助他人的事情。A. educate教育；B. help帮助；C. remind提醒；D. promise承诺。根据前文“and then they add another food item for someone who cannot 　　2　　 it”可知，那些付得起餐费的顾客用这种方式帮助他人。故选B项。
6．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们支付餐费时，他们可以添加另一种食物。A. share分享；B. take拿走；C. gain获得；D. add增添。根据前文“and then they add another food item for someone who cannot 　　2　　 it”可知，他们付款的时候可以添加其他食物给那些没钱的人。故选D项。
7．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这家餐厅的老板詹妮弗提出了设置捐赠墙的想法。A. giving给予；B. warning警告；C. shining闪亮；D. praising表扬。根据前文“On the 　　3　　 in a restaurant named The Daug House are receipts (收款单) for the 　　4　　 meals.”可知，墙上挂的是捐赠（给予）的信息。故选A项。
8．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：她的餐厅有八张桌子，所以一次只能来几个人。A. but但是；B. as因为；C. so所以；D. though虽然。根据前文“Her restaurant has eight tables”可知，餐馆不大，所以一次只能来几个人。故选C项。
9．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在六个月里，顾客们已经多买了600份额外的餐食。A. free免费的，空闲的；B. delicious好吃的；C. special专门的；D. extra额外的。根据前文“When they pay for their meals, they can　　6　　 another food item.”可知，顾客支付的时候要为那些没有钱的人额外买出来。故选D项。
10．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：没有钱的顾客会把收款单拿下来吃，然后等以后（有钱了）回来再付更多的饭钱，这样另外的人就可以吃了。A. put up张贴；B. pay for支付；C. search for寻找；D. make up弥补。根据后文“so someone else could eat”可知，那些顾客以后回来买更多的餐食，这样另外的人就有饭吃了。故选B项。
11．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗记得最近有一对贫穷的夫妇带着他们的孩子进来。A. couple夫妇；B. family家庭；C. team团队；D. group群，组。根据后文“with their children”可知，这是一对夫妇。故选A项。
12．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“他们只是开心地坐在那里吃一顿饭，并不担心要付多少钱。”A. anxiously焦急地；B. eagerly渴望地；C. happily幸福地；D. carefully细心地。根据后文“not worrying about how much they were having to pay”可知，他们不担心要付多少钱，所以他们很开心。故选C项。
13．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这充分说明了我们的社区是多么了不起，”詹妮弗说。A. interesting有趣的；B. amazing令人惊喜的，了不起的；C. exciting激动人心的；D. relaxing放松的。根据前文“They sat there to just have a meal 　　12　　, not worrying about how much they were having to pay.”可知，没有钱也能吃饭，所以这个社区很了不起。故选B项。
14．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这个小镇受到了健康危机的伤害。”A. quality质量；B. policy政策；C. health健康；D. information信息。根据前文“because of Covid-19”可知，小镇遭受健康危机。故选C项。
15．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们通过帮助别人来恢复正常。A. change改变；B. gather聚集；C. recover恢复；D. freeze冻结。根据前文“it will soon return to normal activities”可知，他们通过帮助别人来恢复正常。故选C项。
（2018·湖南）When I was a practice teacher in a middle school，the students in my class were always making ___16___，and had no interest in chemistry. So I decided to do ___17___to change their___18___ towards chemistry.
The evening before I would teach all by myself，I gave a piece of paper to everyone. I told them to write ___19___ they wanted on the paper and handed it in and then I could tell what each one had ___20___ .All the students said I __21__ be longsighted(远视)．Then I stood ___22___ my back towards them. I didn't turn back ___23___ they had finished and ___24___ all the paper in a cardboard case.
I turned the cardboard case with the bottom(底部)towards the students，and told them calmly what each one had written on the paper. The students were surprised，___25___ that I had learned their ___26___ completely in such a short time.
I told them the truth and they were ___27___ at my brightness：there were five lines of students in the classroom，and every line had ten students. I had written serial number(from 1 to 50 )on every ___28___ of the paper in a chemical reagent(试剂)that cannot be seen ___29___eyes，and then gave ___30___out to the students according to the groups of their seats. After the paper was ___31___ in，I used___32___ chemical reagent onto the corner of the paper. Thus the serial number was ___33___！
___34___ ，the students became ___35___ interested in chemistry，and we became good friends.
16．A．progress B．troubles C．faces D．efforts
17．A．something B．nothing C．all D．them
18．A．methods B．attitudes C．feelings D．interest
19．A．that B．how C．when D．what
20．A．thought B．seen C．written D．heard
21．A．would B．needed C．had to D．might
22．A．with B．for C．to D．as
23．A．after B．when C．until D．now that
24．A．put B．left C．had D．gave
25．A．knowing B．believing C．seeing D．hearing
26．A．names B．faces C．characters D．handwritings
27．A．frightened B．angry C．sad D．amazed
28．A．corner B．bottom C．top D．side
29．A．in B．for C．with D．to
30．A．it B．that C．them D．those
31．A．given B．handed C．passed D．offered
32．A．expensive B．useful C．another D．smelly
33．A．made B．seen C．found D．looked
34．A．From then on B．However C．Though D．So far
35．A．a lot of B．a lot C．partly D．greatly
16．B
17．A
18．B
19．D
20．C
21．D
22．A
23．C
24．A
25．B
26．D
27．D
28．A
29．C
30．C
31．B
32．C
33．B
34．A
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。作者在中学做实习老师的时候，班上的学生总是制造麻烦，作者利用化学的小技巧调动了学生的兴趣，因此从那以后，学生对化学感兴趣了。
16．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在一所中学做实习老师的时候，我班上的学生总是制造麻烦，对化学没有兴趣。A. progress进步；B. troubles问题；C. faces脸；D. efforts努力。根据后文“had no interest in chemistry.”，可知学生对化学没有兴趣，所以会制造麻烦，make troubles表示制造麻烦。故选B项。
17．
考查代词词义辨析。句意：所以我决定做点什么来改变他们对化学的态度。A. something某事；B. nothing没有什么；C. all全部；D. them他们。根据后文的change，可知此处作者要做一些事情改变学生。故选A项。
18．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我决定做点什么来改变他们对化学的态度。A. methods方法；B. attitudes态度；C. feelings感觉; D. interest兴趣。根据后文的chang和towards chemistrye，可知此处作者要做一些事情改变学生的态度。故选B项。
19．
考查宾语从句连接词。句意：我让他们在纸上写他们想写的东西，然后交上去，然后我就能知道每个人写了什么。分析句子结构，本句是宾语从句，从句they wanted后面缺少宾语，此处what做宾语，故选D项。
20．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让他们在纸上写他们想写的东西，然后交上去，然后我就能知道每个人写了什么。A. thought认为；B. seen看；C. written写；D. heard听。根据前文“I told them to write ___4___ they wanted on the paper” 可知此处是看每个人写了什么。故选C项。
21．
考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：所有的学生都说我可能远视。A. would将要；B. needed需要；C. had to不得不；D. might可能。此处表示学生的猜测，不确定性，应用情态动词might。故选D项。
22．
考查介词搭配辨析。句意：然后我背对着他们站着。根据后文的“my back towards them”，此处表示伴随的状态，应用介词with。故选A项。

23．
考查连词词义辨析。句意: 直到他们完成并把所有的纸放进一个纸板盒里，我才转过来。 A. after在…之后；B. when当；C. until直到；D. now that既然。根据didn’t，此处是not…until搭配。故选C项。
24．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到他们完成并把所有的纸放进一个纸板盒里，我才转过来。A. put放；B. left离开；C. had有；D. gave给。根据下文的“in a cardboard case”可知是把纸放进纸板盒里。故选A项。
25．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们都很惊讶，认为我在这么短的时间内就完全学会了他们的笔迹。A. knowing知道；B. believing相信；C. seeing看；D. hearing听。根据前文“The students were surprised，”可知学生们相信了作者的小把戏。故选B项。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们都很惊讶，认为我在这么短的时间内就完全学会了他们的笔迹。A. names名字；B. faces脸；C. characters性格；D. handwritings笔迹。根据前文“ told them calmly what each one had written on the paper.”前文学生们写纸条，后文表示作者认出每个人的笔迹。故选D项。
27．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把真相告诉了他们，他们对我的聪明感到惊讶。A. frightened害怕的；B. angry生气的；C. sad伤心的；D. amazed惊讶的。此处照应前文的“The students were surprised，”，学生们感到惊讶。故选D项。
28．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用肉眼看不见的化学试剂在纸的每个角上写上了编号(从1到50)，然后按座位分组分发给学生。A. corner角落；B. bottom底部；C. top顶部；D. side边。根据后文的“the corner of the paper”，可知此处是写在纸的角上。故选A项。
29．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我用肉眼看不见的化学试剂在纸的每个角上写上了编号(从1到50)，然后按座位分组分发给学生。A. in在…...里面；B. for为了；C. with用；D. to达到。根据前文的be seen，此处表示用眼看。故选C项。
30．
考查代词词义辨析。句意：我用肉眼看不见的化学试剂在纸的每个角上写上了编号(从1到50)，然后按座位分组分发给学生。A. it它；B. that那个；C. them他们；D. those这些。此处代指发给学生们的纸，应用复数形式。故选C项。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：交完卷子后，我在卷子角上又用了一种化学试剂。A. given给；B. handed上交；C. passed通过；D. offered提供。此处照应前文的“ I told them to write ___4___ they wanted on the paper and handed it in”可知，学生们写完后上交了卷子。故选B项。
32．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：交完卷子后，我在卷子角上又用了一种化学试剂。A. expensive昂贵的；B. useful有用的；C. another另外的；D. smelly发臭的。前文提到了“a chemical reagent”，此处指另一种能让字体显现的化学试剂。故选C项。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 这样，序列号就被看到了。A. made制作；B. seen看；C. found找；D. looked看。此处照应前文“I had written serial number(from 1 to 50 )on every ___13___ of the paper in a chemical reagent(试剂)that cannot be seen”，第一种化学试剂是肉眼看不到的，第二种是可以被看到的。故选B项。
34．
考查短语和副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，学生们对化学产生了浓厚的兴趣，我们成为了好朋友。A. From then on从那以后；B. However然而；C. Though尽管；D. So far至今为止。作者利用化学的小技巧调动了学生的兴趣，因此从那以后，学生对化学感兴趣了。故选A项。
35．
考查短语和副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，学生们对化学产生了浓厚的兴趣，我们成为了好朋友。 A. a lot of很多；B. a lot很多；C. partly部分地；D. greatly非常地。此处修饰形容词interested，表示非常感兴趣，用副词greatly。故选D项。
（2022·安徽）Ten years ago when I was diagnosed with a serious illness, my first thought was, “Why me?” And this thought ___36___ me throughout my journey. It wasn’t until I was ___37___ enough to look back that I realized how much of my life was ___38___ by my illness not in a bad way.
Being ___39___ for our past experiences and ___40___ can be a hard thing to do. We sometimes wish events in our past could be ___41___ so we could start a new life. But without these events, we wouldn’t learn, change and grow.
The day I ___42___ this was volunteering with my boyfriend. A friend’s wife came up to me and asked me how school was, ___43___ I said I didn’t like it that much. She then ___44___ by saying, “Well, if you hadn’t gone, you wouldn’t have met him.” and pointed at my ____45____.
This really opened my eyes, and after I left I started seeing everything in my life in this ____46____. If I hadn’t gone to that school, I would never have met my future husband. If I hadn’t battled ____47____ the illness, I wouldn’t have found my true ____48____. At first I didn’t see how my illness could have ever been a blessing. But when I looked at it as an experience for me, I started to see that I had a lot to be thankful for.
I grew closer to my mother while ____49____. I gained knowledge about myself that I could ____50____ gain through struggle, and learned how to take care of my wants and needs in a way that made me happy.
36．A．occupied B．followed C．delivered D．stopped
37．A．well B．happy C．sad D．ill
38．A．widened B．shot C．shaped D．united
39．A．mindful B．thankful C．hopeful D．cheerful
40．A．stories B．replies C．rewards D．struggles
41．A．swallowed B．caught C．swept D．taught
42．A．remembered B．reminded C．removed D．realized
43．A．but B．and C．yet D．then
44．A．responded B．collected C．corrected D．lectured
45．A．boyfriend B．girlfriend C．husband D．teacher
46．A．way B．means C．appearance D．face
47．A．through B．for C．within D．against
48．A．hope B．self C．relief D．friend
49．A．living B．losing C．recovering D．searching
50．A．never B．already C．only D．also
36．B
37．A
38．C
39．B
40．D
41．C
42．D
43．B
44．A
45．A
46．A
47．D
48．B
49．C
50．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者由于生病而有机会重新反思人生，学会笑对生活，感恩生活的故事。
36．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个想法贯穿了我的整个人生旅程。A. occupied占据；B. followed追随；C. delivered传送；D. stopped停止。根据前文“Ten years ago when I was diagnosed with a serious illness, my first thought was, “Why me?””（十年前当我被诊断出患有一种严重的疾病时，我的第一个想法是，“为什么是我?”）可知，作者心里一直很纠结为什么是自己患了重病。这种想法一直贯穿人生。故选B项。
37．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到我身体好到可以回顾过往时，我才意识到我的生活在很大程度上是由我的疾病以一种并不负面的方式塑造的。A. well好的；B. happy快乐的；C. sad悲伤的；D. ill生病的。根据“enough to look back”（足够去回顾人生）可知，作者的病好了一些之后，回顾人生，发生疾病给自己也带来了一些好处。故选A项。
38．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到我身体好到可以回顾过往时，我才意识到我的生活在很大程度上是由我的疾病以一种并不负面的方式塑造的。A. widened拓宽；B. shot射击；C. shaped塑造；D. united团结。根据后文“But without these events, we wouldn’t learn, change and grow.”（但如果没有这些事件，我们就不会学习、改变和成长。）可知，作者认为自己的疾病给自己的人生带来了一些好处。故选C项。
39．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我们过去的经历和挣扎心存感激是一件困难的事情。A. mindful警觉的；B. thankful感激地；C. hopeful有希望的；D. cheerful欢快的。根据后文“We sometimes wish events in our past could be ___6___ so we could start a new life. But without these events, we wouldn’t learn, change and grow.”（我们有时希望过去的事情能被彻底清除，这样我们就能开始新的生活。但如果没有这些事件，我们就不会学习、改变和成长。）可知，作者认为过去的事情能够被遗忘，被忽视。所以，能够对过往的艰辛保持感激很困难。故选B项。
40．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我们过去的经历和挣扎心存感激是一件困难的事情。A. stories故事；B. replies回复；C. rewards回报；D. struggles努力。根据文意，此处意指对过往的艰辛努力保持感激是困难的。故选D项。
41．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有时希望过去的事情能彻底清除，这样我们就能开始新的生活。A. swallowed吞咽；B. caught抓住；C. swept彻底清除；扫；D. taught教。根据后文“so we could start a new life”（这样我们就能开始新的生活）可知，作者希望过往的事情能够被彻底清除，开始新的生活。故选C项。
42．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是在和我男朋友一起做志愿者的那天意识到这一点的。A. remembered记得；B. reminded提醒；C. removed移开；D. realized意识到。根据前文“But without these events, we wouldn’t learn, change and grow.”（但如果没有这些事件，我们就不会学习、改变和成长。）以及后文的this，以及下文讲述了让自己明白这个道理的一件事。所以，此处意指作者意识到。故选D项。
43．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：一个朋友的妻子走过来问我学业怎么样，我说我不太喜欢它。A. but但是；B. and和；C. yet然而；D. then然后。根据空前句“A friend’s wife came up to me and asked me how school was”（一位朋友的妻子走过来问我在学校过得怎么样）以及空后“I said I didn’t like it that much”（我说我不太喜欢它）可知，前后句是顺承关系。故选B项。
44．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她回答说：“如果你没有去，你就不会遇到他。” 然后她指着我的男朋友。A. responded回答；B. collected收集；C. corrected改正；D. lectured授课。根据“by saying”可知，朋友的妻子接着回应我的话。故选A项。
45．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她回答说：“如果你没有去，你就不会遇到他。” 然后她指着我的男朋友。A. boyfriend男朋友；B. girlfriend女朋友；C. husband丈夫；D. teacher老师。根据前文“The day I 　　7　　 this was volunteering with my boyfriend.”（我是在和我男朋友一起做志愿者的那天意识到这一点的。）可知，当时我和我的男朋友在做志愿项目，所以她是指着我的男朋友说的这句话。故选A项。
46．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这真的让我大开眼界。在我离开后，我开始以这种方式看待我生活中的一切。A. way方式；B. means方法；C. appearance出现；D. face面部。根据后文“But when I looked at it as an experience for me, I started to see that I had a lot to be thankful for.”（但当我把它看作是我的一次经历时，我开始看到我有很多要感谢的。）可知，作者和朋友的妻子交流之后，意识到了过往是对自己的磨砺和馈赠。这是一种全新的看待事物的方式。故选A项。
47．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果我没有与疾病作斗争，我就不会找到真正的自己。A. through穿过；B. for为了；C. within在……之内；D. against对抗。根据前文“Ten years ago when I was diagnosed with a serious illness”（十年前，我被诊断出患有一种严重的疾病。）可知，作者与疾病抗争了多年。故选D项。
48．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我没有与疾病作斗争，我就不会找到真正的自己。A. hope希望；B. self自我；C. relief放松；D. friend朋友。根据后文“I gained knowledge about myself that I could   ___15___   gain through struggle, and learned how to take care of my wants and needs in a way that made me happy.”（我获得了只有通过奋斗才能获得的关于自己的知识，并学会了如何以一种让我快乐的方式满足自己的需求。），此处意指作者通过与疾病的抗争，发现了真正的自我。故选B项。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在康复期间，我和母亲的关系越来越亲密。A. living生活；B. losing失去；C. recovering恢复；D. searching搜寻。根据上文“ If I hadn’t battled 12　　the illness, I wouldn’t have found my true 　13　　　. .”（如果我没有与疾病作斗争，我就不会找到真正的自己。）可知，此处在讲述作者在与疾病的抗争，逐渐痊愈中，全新的看待生活的方式给自己的人生带来了很大的改变，自己和母亲的关系更加亲近的。故选C项。
50．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我获得了只有通过奋斗才能获得的关于自己的知识，并学会了如何以一种让我快乐的方式满足自己的需求。A. never从不；B. already       已经；C. only只，仅仅；D. also也。根据文意，此处意指作者认为只有通过自己的奋斗才能更清楚地认识自己，表示强调。故选C项。
（2022·湖南）Two dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin, Grace, shows off a few of her ____51____, turning around and waving hello to the ____52____. The most amazing thing about her, however, is that she’s even swimming at all. She doesn’t have a ____53____.
Grace lost her tail as a baby when she ____54____ in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was ____55____ for her life. Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Grace ____56____ herself to move another way—like a fish! She pushes herself ____57____ through the water by moving her peduncle（背鳍）from side to side.
The ____58____ put harmful pressure on Grace’s backbone. So a company ____59____ to create a man-made tail for her. The tail had to be _____60_____ enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn’t _____61_____ her.
The first time Grace wore the man-made tail, she soon _____62_____ it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her _____63_____ and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to _____64_____ her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much _____65_____.
51．A．hobbies B．tricks C．inventions D．greetings
52．A．crowd B．keepers C．partner D．enemies
53．A．choice B．tail C．baby D．head
54．A．was lost B．turned up C．got caught up D．stayed up
55．A．fighting B．waiting C．caring D．longing
56．A．explored B．taught C．led D．caused
57．A．upward B．downward C．backward D．forward
58．A．idea B．attempts C．movements D．success
59．A．pretended B．offered C．happened D．managed
60．A．big B．long C．cute D．strong
61．A．hurt B．annoy C．embarrass D．kill
62．A．took B．preferred C．shook D．cut
63．A．range B．behavior C．nature D．rescue
64．A．help B．fool C．meet D．approach
65．A．courage B．experience C．fun D．equipment
51．B
52．A
53．B
54．C
55．A
56．B
57．D
58．C
59．B
60．D
61．A
62．C
63．D
64．C
65．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了失去尾巴的Grace在海洋馆里戴着人造尾巴努力地生活，带给人们欢乐。
51．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：较小的海豚格蕾丝，展示了她的一些技巧，转过身来，向人群挥手问好。A. hobbies爱好；B. tricks技巧；C. inventions发明；D. greetings问候。根据“turning around and waving hello to the 　　2　　”（转过身来，向人群挥手问好）可知，海豚在表演自己的技巧。故选B项。
52．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：较小的海豚格蕾丝，展示了她的一些技巧，转过身来，向人群挥手问好。A. crowd人群；B. keepers饲养员；C. partner伙伴；D. enemies敌人。根据前文“Two dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park.”（两只海豚在海洋公园的一个大水池里游来游去。）可知，这两只海豚在海洋公园表演给人们看。故选A量。
53．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有尾巴。A. choice选择；B. tail尾巴；C. baby宝贝；D. head头。根据下文“Grace lost her tail ”可知，她没有了尾巴。故选B项。
54．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Grace在小时候被鱼网缠住，失去了尾巴。A. was lost迷失；B. turned up出现；C. got caught up遭遇；D. stayed up熬夜。根据前文“She doesn’t have a ____3____.”（她没有尾巴）可知，Grace 小时候缠到了渔网中，失去了自己的尾巴。故选C项。
55．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这只海豚于2005年12月抵达海洋公园时，她正在努力活着。A. fighting打斗；B. waiting等待；C. caring关心；D. longing期望。根据前文“Grace lost her tail as a baby when she 　　4　　 in a fish trap.”（Grace在小时候被鱼网缠住，失去了尾巴。）以及“for her life ”可知，小Grace失去了尾巴，生活很艰辛，刚到海洋馆时，很努力地活着。故选A项。
56．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：格蕾丝学会了另一种移动方式——像鱼一样游动!   A. explored探索；B. taught教；C. led带领；D. caused造成。根据前文“Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail.”（在过去的六年里，她已经学会了没有尾巴游泳。）可知，小Grace自学游泳。故选B项。
57．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她通过移动背鳍来推动自己在水中前进。A. upward向上；B. downward向下；C. backward向后；D. forward向前。根据前文“Grace 　　6　　 herself to move another way—like a fish!”（格蕾丝学会了另一种移动方式——像鱼一样游动!）可知，小Grace学会了像鱼一样在水中向前游泳。故选D项。
58．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种动作对格蕾丝的脊柱造成了有害的压力。A. idea想法；B. attempts尝试；C. movements动作；D. success成功。根据后文“by moving her peduncle（背鳍）from side to side.）可知，像鱼一样游泳对格蕾丝有害，所以一家公司提出给她做人造尾巴。故选C项。
59．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是一家公司提出为她制造一条人造尾巴。A. pretended假装；B. offered提供；C. happened发生；D. managed管理。根据前文“The 　　8　　 put harmful pressure on Grace’s backbone.”（这种动作对格蕾丝的脊柱造成了有害的压力。）以及“to create a man-made tail for her.”可知，一家公司愿意为她提供人造尾巴来减轻用背鳍游泳的伤害。故选B项。
60．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尾巴必须足够强壮，才能在格蕾丝游泳时紧贴在她身上，但又必须足够柔软，不会伤害到她。A. big大的；B. long长的；C. cute可爱的；D. strong坚固的。根据句意，此处意指在格蕾丝游泳的时候尾巴必须足够坚固才不会脱落。故选D项。
61．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尾巴必须足够强壮，才能在格蕾丝游泳时紧贴在她身上，但又必须足够柔软，不会伤害到她。A. hurt伤害；B. annoy烦恼；C. embarrass使尴尬；D. kill杀害。根据“soft enough”（足够柔软）可知，人造尾巴必须柔软，才能不伤害到小海豚。故选A项。
62．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：格蕾丝第一次戴上这条人造尾巴时，很快就把它甩了下来，让它沉到池底。A. took花费；B. preferred更喜欢；C. shook摇晃；D. cut切。根据“let it sink to the bottom of the pool”（让它沉到池底）可知，格蕾丝刚戴上这个尾巴时，很不适应，把它甩落了。故选C项。
63．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：本月，格蕾丝将主演《海豚故事》，这部电影主要讲述了她的救援和康复。A. range范围；B. behavior行为；C. nature自然；D. rescue拯救。根据前文“Grace lost her tail as a baby when she 　　4　　 in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was 　　5　　 for her life.”（Grace在小时候被鱼网缠住，失去了尾巴。当这只海豚于2005年12月抵达海洋公园时，她正在努力活着。）以及下文“ recovery”可知，格蕾丝被救回来，送到了海洋公园。故选D项。
64．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人从四面八方赶来见她。A. help帮助；B. fool愚弄；C. meet遇见；D. approach靠近。根据“Seeing ”，此处意指格蕾丝的故事吸引了很多人前来看她的表演。故选C项。
65．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到格蕾丝戴着她的人造尾巴游泳鼓舞了人们。A. courage勇气；B. experience经历；C. fun荔乐趣；D. equipment装备。根据上文，格蕾丝小时候失去了尾巴，但是依然努力地活着，带给人们欢乐，这给了人们很大的生活勇气，鼓舞了人们。故选A项。