技能五：篇章结构 习题强化11套 备战2022高考英语七选五专题

 备战2022高考英语七选五专题  技能五：篇章结构

习题强化

Passage A

How to Know Yourself Better

Most of us believe that we know ourselves better than anyone else in this world. But a lot of people are still strangers to themselves. Why?     1   For a person to have a well-lived life, it is important that he knows himself well. If you are one of those who are striving to know yourself better, these steps will guide you.

Take a moment to write down things that you know “very good” about yourself---your interests, likes, dislikes, preferences, hobbies, strengths, weaknesses, hopes, fears, dreams, ect. 2 By creating a list of your personal attributes that you are familiar with, you are keeping yourself in touch with yourself.

Take personality and psychological tests. This is another way to know yourself better. The Internet has a rich sources of free online personality and psychological assessments and tests. 3   

Know yourself better by understanding people’s perceptions about you.   4    Sometimes, you think you know yourself enough, but other people who see you from their point of view can offer you some insights how you act and get understood by others. Be careful, however, to balance both perceptions to come up with an objective view of yourself.

    5    It’s a lifetime process. Every day you will be given new insights about yourself.Writing a journal will help you keep track of these new discoveries. Maintaining that hunger to know yourself better will make you more self-aware, opening up new opportunities to enrich your life.

A.Keep on learning who you are.

B.Remember that you are a worthy person.

C.By answering them, you will understand yourself better.

D.The better you know yourself, the easier it will be to love yourself.

E.Reflect on these qualities and find out how they impact your overall life.

F.Pay attention to what your family, friends, coworkers, ect. observe and say about you.

G.Not everyone is courageous enough to travel the path within to achieve a better self-understanding

Passage B

We think of winter as cold and flu season，but the cold temperatures have powerful biological upsides too.

Boosts your brain

___1___ .Studies have found that people perform some cognitive（认知的）tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler. Research has also shown that people are less willing to handle complex tasks in the summer than in the winter.

Burns calories（卡路里）

When it's cold，your body works harder to keep your core temperature，which is typically. about 98.6 degrees. "Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when we're out in the cold，"explains Stacy Tucker，an expert from Kansas City. ___2___  . A recent study showed that participants burned 34 percent more calories when they hiked in 14-to 23-degree temperatures than they did hiking on 50-degree days.

Activates healthy fat

We know accumulating too much ordinary fat or "white fat" can endanger our health. But adults also have small amounts of beneficial "brown fat" that can quicken their metabolism（新陈代谢）and bum more calories ___3___ .

Encourages better sleep

Your body's core temperature drops when you're trying to sleep. ___4___ ，but it's much faster in winter，says Tucker. Plus，with darker mornings，you naturally sleep later.

___5___

Yes，you might get more colds during the winter. However，studies have shown that the immune system can be activated by colder temperatures，which improves our ability to fight infections，explains Tucker. That said，the flu virus becomes strong in cold，dry air，and time spent indoors increases your chance of infection. To reduce risk，get your annual flu shot，wash your hands frequently，and go outside.

A. Fights infections

B. So fasten your boots

C. Suffers from infections

D. Colder temperatures can help you think more clearly

E. And cold temperatures can activate this useful fat

F. Exercising in the winter makes heart muscles stronger

G. This process can take up to two hours in the summer

Passage C

Running, cycling, aerobics (有氧运动) … there are hundreds of ways to get fit. ___1___Here are two relatively new ones that you might like to try.

Exergaming

Exergaming consists of doing exercise with video games. And there are lots to choose from. Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) is a fun way to work out. Simply stand on a platform and hit the coloured arrows with your feet as you follow the instructions on the screen. ___2___As the tagline (标 语) says, “Taking dancing to a whole new level!” For a gentler form of exercise, try the “Wii Fit” series of games. You can do yoga, strength training and aerobics while standing on a balance board. ___3___

Anti-shoes

___4___They’re meant to improve your posture, and strengthen your muscles. They can also increase circulation and reduce body fat. The shoes were invented by Swiss engineer Karl Müller in the early 1990s. On a visit to Korea, he noticed that walking barefoot over some soft fields alleviated (缓解) his back and knee problems. He also discovered that the Kenyan Masai tribespeople (who often walk barefoot) don’t suffer from back pain and are famous for their perfect posture. So, he decided that the answer was a shoe with a curved sole and no heel. The shoes were launched in 1996, and by 2000 approximately 20,000 pairs had been sold in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. ___5___Some celebrities such as Jemima Khan, Jodie Kidd and Sadie Frost also own a pair.

A. Since then, they have become a big hit.

B. Concentrate on the screen and search for the instructions.

C. You score points by hitting the right arrow at the right time.

D. And every year there are lots of new ideas for getting into shape.

E. Walking on Anti-shoes is similar to walking barefoot on sand or grass.

F. Personalize your workout, or exercise with a friend, competing in games!

G. Anti-shoes are designed to exercise parts of your body while you’re walking.

Passage D

At any moment, you or someone around you could experience an injury or an illness. In this case, you need to provide basic medical care for yourself or the person. This is known as first aid. Using basic first aid, you may be able to stop a small accident from getting worse.   1 

In some cases, first aid consists of the initial (最初的) support provided for someone in the middle of a medical emergency.   2   In other cases, first aid consists of the care provided for someone with a small injury. For example, first aid is often what is needed to treat burns, cuts and insect stings (蜇伤). And if you come across an emergency situation, follow these three basic steps:

Check the scene for danger. Look for anything that might be dangerous, like signs of fire or falling pieces. If your safety is at risk, remove yourself from the area and call for help.   3   Don’t move them unless you must do so to protect them from danger.

  4   If you suspect the sick or injured person needs emergency medical care, tell a nearby person to call 911 or the local number for emergency medical services. If you’re alone, make the call yourself.

Provide care. If you can do so safely, remain with the sick or injured person until professional help arrives.   5   If you have basic first-aid skills, try to treat any life-threatening injuries they have. Remove yourself from danger if at any point in the situation you think your safety might be at risk

A. Call for medical help, if needed.

B. Provide emergency medical services.

C. This support might help them survive until professional help arrives.

D. If the scene is safe, assess the condition of the sick or injured person.

E. In the case of a serious medical emergency, you may even save a life.

F. Cover them with a warm blanket, comfort them and try to keep them calm.

G. If they have difficulty breathing, loosen any clothing around their chest and neck.

Passage E

Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.　1　 Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent? 

　2　 They focused on football,basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball,adding talented players to a team proves a good method,but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent;above that level,the team’s performance begins to decline.Interestingly,this trend isn’t evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. 

To explain this phenomenon,the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions.　3　 In baseball,the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high,team performance will suffer when there is too much talent,while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is,for example,trying to gain a high personal point total,he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affecting the team’s performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told,“There is no I in TEAM.”　4　 

Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛),whenever a person is added,everyone else pulls the rope with less force.

　5　 An A-team may require a balance—not just A players,but a few generous B players as well. 

A.It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.

B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.

C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.

D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.

E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.

F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.

G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.

Passage F

As is known to all, sleep is very important to humans. But it’s important to animals, too. At night you hardly hear a bird.1.     Have you ever wondered how birds sleep?

2      Birds often sleep with one eye open. Only half their brain rests at once and the other half of the brain is able to sense danger if needed. While the exact way birds control their sleep patterns has not been well studied, it has been shown that the more protected a bird feels when sleeping, the more likely it is to sleep deeper.

Sleeping together in large numbers is another way many birds use. By sleeping together, there are more birds to notice predators(捕食者).     3.   In winter, many birds roost together in limited spaces to share body heat and survive lower night-time temperatures.

When birds sleep, they protect vulnerable(易受伤害的) body parts by burying themselves in their feathers.   4  . By tucking(收拢) feet or the bill into the feathers, less body heat is lost. When a bird’s bill is buried deeply in its feathers, it is also able to breathe air warmed by its own body heat.

There is little data available about how long birds sleep once.   5.   Some birds are not able to involve in other activities without enough light, and sleeping is the next natural item on their to-do lists.

A. A bird’s feathers help it keep warm.

B. Birds are rarely seen sleeping.

C. That’s because they’re sleeping at night, too.

D. It gives each bird a greater chance of survival.

E.A bird may be sleepy in the daytime for lack of sleep.

F.So the length of birds sleep per night is still unknown.

G.Unlike humans, birds can more carefully control their sleep.

Passage G

The Rumba is a dance that tells a story of love and passion between a strong, male lover and a shy, teasing woman. Full of sexual movements, the Rumba is considered by many to be the sexiest of the ballroom dances, “Rumba” is a term that refers to a variety of dances or a “dance party”.1. It is seen around the world at nightclubs, parties, weddings and dance competitions.

The Rumba is a very slow, serious, romantic dance. The dance is fun to watch, as many of its basic dance figures of the dance have a teasing theme. The Rumba spotlights（突显）the lady’s rhythmic body movements and hip（臂部）actions.2. The Rumba is often referred to as the “grandfather of the Latin dances”. Originating in Cuba, it first came to the United States in the early 1920s.

3. These hip movements and characteristic sways（摇摆）of the Rumba are created by the bending and straightening of the knees. The intensity（激情）of the Rumba is increased by sharp eye contact that happens between the man and the woman.4. It also stresses the strong, beautiful leg and foot movements.

The basic rhythm of the Rumba is quick-quick-slow with distinctive side-to-side hip movements. Hip movements are exaggerated, but are not created by the hips.5. Rumba rhythms, while once influenced by African-style music, have found their way into Country Western, Blues, Rock, and other popular music types. The music is sometimes increased by homemade instruments from the kitchen such as pots, pans and spoons.

A. They result in crazy scenes of passion.

B. The stillness of the upper body adds striking intensity.

C. Rumba music is written with four beats to each measure.

D. The music tempo is usually about 104 to 108 beats per minute.

E.This dance of love is one of the most popular ballroom dances.

F.They are simply a result of good foot, ankle, knee and leg action.

G.The distinctive hip movement, called Cuban Motion, is a very important part of the Rumba.

Passage H

The year 2020 marks the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”， as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75, who continue to work and stay socially engaged. 1. . The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors.

2.  Of the 3.7 years of increased life expectancy(预期寿命)in rich countries between 2000 and 2015, says the WHO, 3.2 years were enjoyed in good health. Working is one of the factors that are helping people stay healthy longer. A German study found that people who remain at work after the normal retirement age manage to slow the cognitive (认知的)decline. The yold are also better off, while the wealth of all other age groups declined.

The yold are not just any group of old people They are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired as who are wearing indoor shoes and look after the grandchildren. 3. They become one of the fastest growing group for airline business. They spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than young adults.  So they  are vital to  the  Tourism industry. They are also changing education and finance Because of the importance of pensions,the yold are transforming insurance companies from passive distributors of fired an nuities (年金)to financial service providers for customers who want to  manage their pension pots more actively.

4. They find that older workers have, if anything,slightly above-average productivity and that teams of workers from multiple generations are the most productive of all.Societies should be better off because public spending on health and pensions should be lower than expected, as people work longer and need less medical care.

Today,some big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people and in particular the expectation that 60-somethings ought to quietly retire into the background. 5.  The yold will demand that companies become more age-friendly and,in the process,help change attitudes towards aging itself.

A. Healthy yold people will require great changes in health spending.

B. Many companies discriminate against older workers by offering training only to younger ones.

C. The rise of the yold will definitely be a blessing to both culture and economy.

D. Health worsens with age,but the yold are resisting the decline better than most.

E.Many bosses think productivity falls with age,but studies in Germany suggest otherwise.

F.That will disturb consumers, service and financial markets.

G.The yold,in their new appearance as the young old, are expected to change the world.

Passage I

Will Covid-19 Kill the Handshake?

The handshake might date back to the 14th century, when knights and soldiers would extend their unclenched（松开的） right hands toward each other in greeting to show that they were carrying no weapons.

     1    Or rather, its tendency for picking up and holding onto germs(细菌) from polluted surfaces, or from  our own eyes or noses when we have certain illnesses. Those germs can then be transferred into the hands of the people we greet, while we can pick up their germs. We then will probably touch our own eyes or noses or mouths, potentially sickening ourselves and restarting the cycle.

    Now that a novel coronavirus is spreading fast, our hands are being cast in a new, doubtful light.    2   And lately, the Internet has been full of suggestions for socially acceptable ways to greet each other that don't involve passing germs along unintentionally from one person to the next.

3     In fact, the tradition of shaking hands isn't the only greeting to take a fresh look. A Maori tribe in New Zealand put the brakes on hongi, the traditional nose-to-nose hello.   4    Maybe people will stop making fun of the Hollywood air kiss, though it's not a huge improvement health-wise.

COVID-19 is a real threat, and we shouldn't take the warning lightly. We may, indeed, need to keep our hands to ourselves for the time being. But we’re not ready to send handshake into the dustbin of history. Humans long for making a physical connection with friends. For now, perhaps, a regretful smile and nod might work as a shared acknowledgment.   5  

A. Could we hug each other or nod?

B. Could this be the end of the handshake?

C. As we all know, shaking hands has become a habit.

D. After all, our friendly intentions were not to infect or be infected by others.

E. These days, it would seem, the potential weapon isn't a knife, but the hand itself.

F. We're being drilled in handwashing techniques as if we were all second-graders.

G. The French have been advised to abandon the familiar kiss on the cheek greeting.

Passage J

The Best Ways to Offer Support and Encouragement

Whether it is a friend, family member, or co-worker, at some time or another somebody will need support and encouragement. This could be the result of a disappointing change in life, a health change or other similar challenges.  1   Even if you do not think that you have the ability to offer the proper support and encouragement, your willingness to be there and to listen may be enough.

Each situation is different, and each would require different levels of both support and encouragement.

  2    Helping keep up someone’s spirits when they are feeling helpless just by letting them know you are there, can make a serious difference in their lives.

   3    For people in this situation, often a telephone call, or dropping in to say “Hello” is more than enough. You may not feel that you are doing much of anything, but to the person who is feeling isolated the effort you take to stop and see them, or call them can make a big difference. For someone who has recently lost a job, you may be able to offer support by helping them network effectively. Or, you may be able to help them prepare a new resume, apply for benefits, or a number of other “small” things that may seem insignificant to you, but to them can be a very significant event.

    4     However, if you let them know that you are there for them, and make it a point to check in with them regularly, they may soon feel more comfortable and share them with you. Take a person who is suffering from depression for example.

    5     They may not be willing to admit that there is something wrong. However, if you trust your instincts(直觉) and take a little extra care to support and encourage them even in little ways, you can make a difference in their overall outlook.

A. You know that there is something wrong.

B. All too often, people feel lonely and do not know where to turn.

C. So you may need support and encouragement to pull through.

D. You may not always understand all of the issues going on in someone’s life.

E. In such cases, it is natural for you to reach out and offer your support and encouragement.

F. You know better than anyone the best ways to support and encourage someone who is going through a difficult time.

G. The support you offer could be as simple as helping with simple household tasks, running errands(跑腿儿), or even being available for telephone calls.

Passage K

The Ways to Help You Stand out in Interviews

Interview preparation has always been one of the most overlooked areas in the employment process. Perhaps you have done all your preparation and visited the company's website so many times that you know it by heart.   1   Here are some ways to make you stand out.

Leave a positive impression.

  2   Once you are inside the room, the main thing to remember is that you need to make eye contact, shake hands confidently and also smile.

Don't control the conversation .

    someone has remarked, the interview is a dialog.   3   You need to find out how do interviewers view the company and what their goals are. Those can often guide you when you answer their questions.

  4 

They always ask your greatest weakness. If you don't respond to them directly, then nobody will believe you. What they want to know is what you learned from a failure. Talk about the strategies to overcome any weakness so that it is always part of your development.

Show your passion and energy.

Most candidates range from being shy to showing off. But what will really make you stand out is your ability to actually convey the passion and the energy to various parts of your work. Yes, you can be modest about these but show that these are steps on the ladder.   5 

A. Be frank about your weaknesses.

B. First impression is very important.

C. Be positive about your work experience.

D. But how do you actually do in interviews to get the job?

E. Whatever you do, do not talk too much and lead the interview.

F. These opportunities may come up during the interview, rather than at the end.

G.A great way to stand out is to show confidence, energy and passion for the job.