第10讲 冠词 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练

第10讲  冠词 精讲精练2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练

一、不定冠词a/an

1．不定冠词a/an用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。

He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump.

他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。

2．不定冠词a/an可以用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化。

物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。

Tony is a famous pianist.I’m absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.

托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。

3．有些名词是永久性不可数名词，即使前面有了形容词，也不能在形容词前加a/an。如weather，progress，fun等。

What fine weather we have got! Let’s go for a picnic.

多好的天气啊，我们去野餐吧。

4．不定冠词常见的固定搭配

have a gift for有……的天赋　 have a holiday度假

get a lift/ride搭便车   pay a visit to参观

lend sb.a hand帮助某人   as a result因此

as a rule通常，照例   in a hurry匆忙地

at a distance离一段距离   a waste of ……的浪费

What a pity！真遗憾！   be/go on a diet节食

a collection of一批……   a knowledge of知道

have a good time玩得高兴   make a living谋生

as a matter of fact事实上   have a history of有一段……的历史

in a sense/way在某种意义上 for a while暂时，一时

all of a sudden突然 a matter of ……的问题

二、定冠词 the

1．被演奏的西洋乐器前用the。但是球类棋类之前却没有冠词。

As far as I know，he likes playing the piano but doesn’t like playing football.

据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。

2．用在表计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the meter等。但是如果是抽象名词前，则不用冠词，如：by weight，by time，by length，by size等。

I got paid by time.To be exact，I got paid by the hour.

我按时间拿报酬，确切地说，我是按小时拿钱。

3．定冠词的常见固定搭配

at the moment此刻；目前　 in the end最后，最终

to tell the truth说实话   on the other hand另一方面

by the way顺便说一下   in the middle of在……中间

at the same time同时   on the contrary相反

on the whole总的来说   in the distance在远处

to the point中肯；切题   make the most/best of充分利用

三、零冠词

1．用于固定结构中的零冠词

“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语，主句”，意为“虽然……但是……”。

Young man as he is，he has seen much of the world.

尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。

2．no与such连用时放在such之前，such后的名词前不用冠词。

As the saying goes，there is no such thing as a free lunch.If you want something，go and earn it.常言说，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。

3．零冠词的常见固定搭配

on purpose故意地　　　　 by chance碰巧

catch fire着火   at dawn在黎明

face to face面对面   out of date过时的

make room for让位   in debt负债

in shape健康   on foot步行

in danger在危险中   side by side并排

from time to time不时地   hand in hand手拉手

day after day日复一日地   heart and soul全心全意地

技巧一　注意泛指还是特指

如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。

1．如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现，可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an；如果是前文已经提到过，可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填the。

2．如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。

技巧二　注意固定搭配

真题感悟

一、语法填空（用适当的冠词填空，不需要填冠词的画“/”）

1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化)．

答案：the　此处the first to flower表示“第一批开花”，序数词前加定冠词。

2．(2020·天津高考3月)Don't be late for the 9：00 meeting because I am on ________ tight schedule and have to catch the 11：00 train.

答案：a　on a tight schedule “时间很紧”，为固定短语。

3．(2020·浙江高考)Then, with ________ rise of science, changes began.

答案：the　with the rise of “随着……的崛起”，为固定短语。故填the。

4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)On public holidays, generally ________ Sunday timetable operates.

答案：a　此处泛指“一个星期日时间表”，又因为Sunday的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。

5．(2019·浙江高考)Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWⅡ， was killed in ________ action in Europe.

答案：/　action意为“战斗；作战”时，为不可数名词，be killed in action为固定表达，意为“阵亡”。

6．(2019·天津高考)Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as ________ people and as ________ nation.

答案：a; a　句意：了解历史对于我们作为一个民族和国家认识自我是至关重要的。这里用不定冠词表示“某类人或物”。

7．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to ________ bathroom.

答案：the　go to the bathroom “去洗手间”，为固定表达。

8．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Learning English as ________ second language can be a painful experience.

答案：a　此处意为“把英语作为一门第二语言来学习”，表示“一种”，故用不定冠词a。

9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

答案：the　根据后面的“past 25 years”可知，是在过去的25年的时间内，属于特指的时间，故填the。

10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)We may think we're ________ culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new.

答案：a　a culture泛指“一种文化”。

11．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of us love July because it's ________ month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance.

答案：the　后面的when引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词month，属于特指的一个月份。

12．(2018·北京高考)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was ________ battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.

答案：a　句意：当我30多岁开始跑步的时候，我意识到跑步是一场对抗自己的战役，不是一场竞争，与我是否健壮也没多大关系。此处a表示“一场，一次”。

13．(2018·天津高考)Relearning ________ art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.

答案：the　句意：重新学习观察我们周围世界的艺术非常简单，尽管这需要练习并要求改掉一些旧习惯。特指“……的艺术”，故使用the。

14．(2018·浙江高考)They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use ________ same reusable bags for years.

答案：the　根据设空后的same可知，此处用定冠词the。

15．(2018·江苏高考)In ________ 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consommé.

答案：the　年代和世纪前面使用定冠词the，属于固定用法。

16．(2019·浙江高考)He finds old military (军队的) medals for ________ sale in antique stores and on the Internet.

答案：/　for sale意为“出售；待售”，为固定短语。

17．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)With shinning dark eyes, he seems like ________ kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.

答案：the　此处特指“who would enjoy public speaking”的小孩，故用定冠词the。

18．(2019·浙江高考)Zachariah Fike has ________ unusual hobby.

答案：an　此处泛指“一个不平常的爱好”，又因unusual的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。

二、单句改错

19．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove. I waited patiently until the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.

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答案：第二个pan前加the　此处特指上面提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the。

20．(2019·天津高考)However, technology is also an application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.

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答案：an→the　application为抽象名词，此处特指“对科学知识的运用”，故application前应用定冠词the。

21．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You can use me as the last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do.

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答案：the→a　句意：您可以将我作为最后的选择，如果没有其他志愿者，那么由我来做。此处没有特指或比较的含义，只是表达“一个最后选择”，故用不定冠词a。

22．(2018·天津高考)When I was 17, I read the magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.

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答案：第一个the→a　根据句意，此处表示当“我”17岁的时候，“我”在一本杂志上读到一篇文章，a在此处表示泛指，故改为a。

23．(2018·北京高考)A possibility of self­driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world.

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答案：A→The　介词短语of self­driving robot cars作possibility的后置定语，起修饰限定的作用，故将A改为The，表示特指。此处特指无人驾驶机器人汽车的可能性。

24．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang serves as the head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA)．

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答案：去掉第一个the　此处head of the Architecture Department “建筑系主任”，是一个头衔，表示职位和头衔的名词前面不需要定冠词the。

25．(2018·江苏高考)Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on the social media for their sense of self­worth, a major study warned.

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答案：去掉the　“social media”是一个抽象名词，前面一般不使用冠词，故去掉the。

26．(2018·浙江高考)The cars that drove American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.

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答案：American前加the　American Dream前面一般使用the，表示特指“美国梦”，为固定用法。

27．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.

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答案：the→a　句意：作为一个孩子，我爱看动画片。此处是泛指而非特指，故将the改为a。

28．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to the close.

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答案：第二个the→a　come to a close “结束；终止”，为固定用法。