现在完成时的讲解和练习题（定稿）
展开现在完成时的讲解和练习题
一、定义：
(1)表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
例：Eddie has eaten my food.
(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)——影响
(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。
例：Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.
Eddie has lived with Mille for four years.
(3)表示发生了几次。注：次数前不可以加for
二、构成：
(1)肯定：主语+has/have +动词的过去分词
注意：这里的have/has 是助动词
否定：主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词
疑问：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词？
Yes，sb have/has./ No,sb haven’t/hasn’t
注：缩略形式：they have=they’ve; he has=he’s
(2)过去分词规则类变化与过去式变化一样：
①直接+ed
②以e结尾，加d
③以重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾字母+ed
不规则类详见书后不规则动词表格
三、关键词：
(1)already, yet
already与yet用法区别:
already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。
yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。
练习：I have already worked out this math problem. (改为否定句)
I worked out the math problem .
(2)since； for
A：since的用法
①since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ago或since2008.
②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.
B：for的用法：for后加一段时间。
since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。
for +一段时间= since+ 一段时间+ ago
例1：They have learned English for ten years.
They have learned English since ten years ago.
例2：They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.
They have worked in the factory for ten years
练习：用for, since, ago填空。
1.Sally has been away from London ________ last Saturday.
2.Our school has changed a lot ________ the new building was built.
3.Tommy has had this motorcycle ________ three years.
4.I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years.
5.My parents has been married since twenty years ________.
6.My cousin joined the army three months ________.
C:对since和for的提问用how long
练习：
I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.
- for c. since
- from D. on
四、have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别：
(1)have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。如：
The old man has been to Egypt when he was young.
(2)have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。如：
---Where is your uncle? --- He has gone to the supermarket.
have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。
练习：
用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back, do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
五、延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
(1)现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。如：翻译：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。
误：I have already borrowed the book for over two weeks.
正：I have already kept the book for over two weeks.
(2)非延续性动词与一段时间状语（for+一段时间、since）连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。如：come—be here；go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep; buy--have; join--be in(be a member);leave--be away等。
注：非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能与一段时间连用。
练习：
(1)—Do you miss your parents far away?
—Yes, very much. They the hometown for over two years.
A.left B. have left C. were away from D. have been away from
(2)Alice in Wonderland ________ for 15 days and many of us like the film very much.
A. begins B. has begun C. began D has been on
(3)British Prince William(威廉王子) and Kate _________ for nearly two months.
A. married B. have married C. have been married D. have got married
(4)Could you tell me how long __________ the football club?
A. you have joined B. have you joined
C. you have been in D. have you been in
六、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别：
在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时则表示动作发生在过去,一般不表示和现在的关系。
Who has opened the door?谁把门开了?（现在门还开着）
Who opened the door?谁开的门?(指过去,与现在无关.现在门是关着还是开着,没有说明.)
2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语.
①一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,once,last week,...ago,等具体的时间状语.
②现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,等不确定的时间状语.
【例题精讲】
1.Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he____(teach) us English.
2.Where’s John? －He (go) to the teachers’ office.
3.在过去的十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。
5. His uncle ______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
6.It _____ five years since we last _______ each other.
A. is, have seen B. is; saw
C. was; saw D. has been; have seen
7.—You've never been to China, ______?
—______. I've been there three times.
- have you; No, I haven't B. haven't you; No, I haven't
C. have you; Yes, I have D. haven't you; Yes, I have
8. I ______ the magazine two weeks ago, but I ______ it to the library.
A. have lent; returned B. have borrowed; return
C. borrowed; have returned D. lent; have returned
9.Great changes ______ in Linda's hometown during the past fifteen years.
A. took place B. have taken place
C. take place D. have been taken place
10.Alice in Wonderland _______ for 15 days and many of us like it very much.
A. begins B. has begun C. began D. has been on
11.—Excuse me, is Mr Green in the office?
—No. He _______ Singapore for a meeting. He will be back in a few days.
- have gone to B. has gone to C. have been to D. has been to
12.Thomas Kate for two years, and they have had a child.
A. got married with B. has been married to
C. married to D. married
13.The heavy snow kept falling It __________last night.
A. has been over since B. has stopped
C. stopped D. hasn’t stopped since
【我爱展示】
( ) 1. —Do you know him well?
—Sure. We ________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have become C. have been D. have made
( ) 2. The factory has _____ since last October.
A. opened B. been closed C. been opened D. closed
( ) 3. —Nice to see you. I ______ you for a long time.
—I ______ Beijing. I’ve just come back.
A. didn’t see; was B. haven’t seen; have been in
C. haven’t seen; have been to D. didn’t see; have arrived
( ) 4. —I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.
—What do you think ______ ?
- he has happened B. to happen
- C. has happened to him D. him to happen
( ) 5. —Could you tell us how long he has _____?
—For about two hours.
A. gone to sleep B. fell asleep C. fallen asleep D. been asleep
( ) 6. He has _____ to Tibet many times. This time he _____ Tibet for two weeks.
- been; has been in B. been; has gone to
C. gone; has gone to D. gone; has been in
( ) 7.She ______ for 15 years, yet she still doesn’t know what kind of man she ______.
- has been married; has married with
B. has got married; married to
C. has been married; married
D. has married; has married to
( ) 8. —How long has the foreigner (外国人) ______ here?
—He came here ten minutes ago.
A. Been B. come C. arrived D. got
( ) 9. The man ______ Shanghai an hour ago, so he ______ for an hour.
A. was away for; has left B. left; has left
C. left for; has been away D. has left for; has been away
( ) 10. —Why are you looking for Mary in a hurry, John?
—The boss is wondering where she _______ and how long she ____ there.
- has been; has been B. has gone; has gone
C. has been; has gone D. has gone; has been
( ) 11. —What’s the weather like here this summer? —There ______ very little rain.
A. are B. has C. has been D. have been
( ) 12. It _______ over ten days since the dog _______.
- is; has been dead B. has been; died
C. has been; has been dead D. was; has died
( ) 13. The new supermarket in our town _______ for two weeks, but I _______there yet.
A. has opened; haven’t gone B. has been open; haven’t been
C. has been open; haven’t gone D. has opened; haven’t been
( ) 14.—Where’s Mr. Black? I haven’t seen him for a few days.
—He __________ the USA. He __________ there four times.
A. has been to; has gone to B. has been to; has gone
C. has gone to; has been to D. has gone to; has been
( ) 15. Jack, you __________ play with fire. You __________ burn yourself.
- won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. don’t have to; must D. have not to; should
( ) 16.—Yesterday Susan failed her English exam, __________? — __________. I think she has to work harder.
A. did she; Yes, she did. B. didn’t she; Yes, she did.
C. did she; No, she didn’t D. didn’t she; No, she didn’t
( ) 17. — __________ they __________ the book __________ to the library yet?
—Yes, they have.
- Have; returned; / B. Have; returned; back
- C. Did; return; / D. Did; return; back
( ) 18. —Be careful! A car may hit you.
—Thank you! I __________ I __________ so close to the road.
A. didn’t know; am standing B. don’t know; am standing
C. didn’t know; was standing D. didn’t know; would stand
( ) 19. The __________ woman __________ Shanghai since her husband died in 1990.
- lonely; has gone to B. alone; has left
C. lonely; has been in D. alone; has been to
( )20. Andy has _______ for five years. Five years _________ a long time.
A. come back home, is B. come back home, are
C. been at home, is D. been at home, are
( )21. Her son speaks good English as he ________ America for five years.
- has been in B. has been to
C. has gone at D. has gone to
( )22. A: I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
B: Oh, not at all. I ______ here for only a few minutes.
- will be B. was
C. am D. have been
( )23. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _________ it for two weeks.
A. keep B. borrowed C. have kept D. have lent
( )24. The factory has been ________ for two years.
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
( )25. A: Sorry .I am late.
B: It doesn't matter. The meeting ______ for just several minutes
A. has begun B. has started C. has been on D. had been on
