人教新目标八年级下册Unit 5 知识点疏理

Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

一、基础知识讲解.

1、过去进行时

⑴用法：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作

②过去某段时间正在发生的动作

⑵与过去进行时连用的时间状语：at nine last night/ at that time = then /at this time yesterday

或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示

⑶过去进行时的构成：was\were + 动词现在分词（V-ing）

⑷过去进行时的四个基本句型

        肯定句       He was cooking at six last night.

        否定句       He was not cooking at six last night.

        一般疑问句   Was he cooking at six last night?

         两回答      Yes ,he was.  No, he wasn’t.

        特殊疑问句   What was he doing at six last night?（划线提问）

⑸过去进行时的固定句型

  Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。

  Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 凯特看电视的时候吉姆正在读书。

⑹请比较  He watched TV last night. （过去时间last night, 用一般过去时）

          He was watching TV at nine last night.   (过去时间last night +具体时间点at nine, 用过去进行时)

2、at the time of 在...... 的时候 （常用于过去进行时）

3、go off 发出响声,  (闹钟)闹响 ，离开

go over 复习       go away 离开     go by (时间)过去    go for a walk 出去散步

go fishing去钓鱼   go shopping去买东西  go skating去溜冰   go swimming去游泳

4、heavy改y为i +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj还有：

5、pick up  接电话；捡起；拾起；（开车）接某人；学到、获得

6、so 的用法：   

                             无实际意义，表示惊讶或领会，引出后面内容

so                            so + adj./ adv  “如此……”

so + adj./adv +that 从句

                              so + 从句  “所以“

                              so that +从句  “以便，为了……”

7、work

(1)表示“工作”，是不可数名词：  work →worker工人

(2)表示“著作”或“作品”，是可数名词，但多用复数

(3)表示“工作” 是动词

8、beat与win辨析

9、at first = at the beginning 最初，开始

10、

11、join/join in/take part in

(1)    join = be a member of… 或be in… 参加 ,指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。

join the army / party 入伍/ 党     join the club 加入俱乐部

◆ join in 后接活动名称

◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中

(2) take part in 参加 ，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。

12、get/ reach/ arrive

get to +地点 = arrive in/at +地点 = reach + 地点

get on 上车    get up 起床   get used to 习惯于 get along with sb 与某人相处融洽 get together相聚

13、(1) happen    v.  “发生” 没有被动语态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性

sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上

sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 

(2)take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生

14、make one’s way to … 在某人去……的路上（当后接地点副词时，应省略介词to）

    = on one’s way to …

15、一段时间 + ago ……之前，用于一般过去时

16、silence  n 沉默 → silent 沉默；缄默；无声 in silence 沉默地、无声地 = silently  keep silent 保持沉默

17、⑴remember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做）

　　⑵remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完）

18、take down 拆掉；拆毁

19、art艺术→ artist  艺术家    science科学→ scientist 科学家   piano钢琴 →pianist钢琴家

20、hear的用法     hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。

【结构】：hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事；  hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事

hear也有“听说”之意，这时后接that引导的宾语从句。

①hear about意为“听说”，相当于hear of，后面接词或短语。

②hear from意为“收到.......的来信；有.......的消息”，=get/receive a letter from.

21、⑴in trouble 处于困境中  get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境

⑵What's the trouble with you ?= What’s the matter with you? = What’s wrong with you? 你怎么啦？

⑶have trouble （in）doing sth 做某事有麻烦

◆have problem /difficulty/fun (in) doing sth 做某事有问题/困难/乐趣

22、unless引导条件状语从句 

unless = if … not “除非，若不” 

as soon as引导时间状语从句。 “一……就” He will come and see you as soon as he can.

23、so.......that引导结果状语从句

句型1“主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句”The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.

句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.

句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句  He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.

句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句   I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.

24、How does the story begin? 故事是怎么发生的？

begin  → began →  begun  v 开始→ beginning n 开始  at the beginning of 在……开始

begin to do sth/ doing sth 开始做某事

25、tell sb. that 告诉某人

26、remind of 提醒，使记起                  remind sb. of sth 使某人记起某事

remind sb. to do sth提醒某人去做某事       remind sb. + that从句

27、What do you think about … ？ “你认为……怎么样？”

= What do you think of …? = How do you like …? （用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法和观点）

28、a good way to do sth. 一个做某事的办法

29、solve 常与problem 搭配，表示“解决问题”，且问题难度大。      Can you help me solve the problem?

answer 常与question搭配，表示“回答问题”， 问题难度小。      It’s your turn to answer my question.

30、seem to be + adj.   (说明主语的特征或状态) Mr. Green seemed to be quite happy.

 It seems + that 从句It seems that Mr. Green will not come again.

31、be able to “能够” ，后接动词原形，强调通过努力而获得的能力，可以用于各种时态。

 can “能，会”，强调自身的能力，只要一般现在时或一般过去时。

32、once upon a time= long long ago  从前  （常用于故事的开头）

33、be born 出生 通常用于一般过去时

⑴ be born in +月份/年份/ 地点     在……月/年/ 地方出生

⑵ be born on + 具体的某天   在……出生  He was born on a cold morning.

give birth (to sb /sth) 生孩子，产仔

35、come out ⑴出版；发行  ⑵开花；出来；出现；披露 

36、more than = over 超过；多于(反）less than 少于

no more than 不只是；不仅仅是  not more than 至多；不超过

37、western 西方的    east →eastern adj. 东方的      west →western adj.西方的

south→southern adj.南方的  north→northern adj.北方的    

38、fall in love with 爱上

39、get married 结婚

【拓展】marry  v嫁娶 

(1)A marry B. “A 与B结婚”   Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.

(2) A and B get married = A and B are married  A和B结婚

get married 结婚    Kate and Tom get married last year.

(3) marry A to B “ 把A 嫁给B”  She married her daughter to a rich man.

(4) be married to sb 与……结婚

40、make a plan to do sth 制定计划去做某事

    make a plan for sth 为了某事而制定计划

plan→ planning → planned v/n 计划

【注意】plan 的过去式，过去分词，现在分词都要双写n

  plan to do sth  计划做某事=  plan on doing sth

41、be made of 由……制成    【拓展】make →made→ made  v 制作，做

(1) make v 制作，做

make a milk shake 制作一份奶昔 make kites 制作风筝 make the bed 整理床铺   make sentence 造句

 make a noise 制作噪音  make a mistake 放错  make money 赚钱  make friends with 与……交朋友

(2) make 的被动语态结构：

      ①be made of … “ 被用……制成” (看得出原材料)    The table is made up of wood.

      ② be made from “ 被用……制成” (看不出原材料)  The bread is made from wheat.

      ③ be made into + 成品  “ 被制成……”

      ④ be made up of…= consists of “ 被……构成”

(3) make   v. 迫使，导致；使动用法

①make sb. do sth 让某人做某事  make sb. laugh 使某人发笑

②make sb/sth + adj. 使某人、某物处于某种状态 Rainy days often make me sad

③be made to do sth 被迫做某事

42、voice/noise /sound

(1)voice 多指人说话、唱歌、鸟的叫声。

(2)noise n → noisy adj. 吵闹的 指不悦耳的吵闹声 如嘈杂声、噪音等make a noise制造噪音

(3)sound ①n 泛指人听到的任何声音。② v 听起来

43、send away 赶走  send for 派人去请

send off 寄出    send out 分发  send up 发射

send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物