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初中英语牛津版 (深圳&广州)八年级上册（2013秋审查）Unit 1 Encyclopaedias课前预习ppt课件
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这是一份初中英语牛津版 (深圳&广州)八年级上册（2013秋审查）Unit 1 Encyclopaedias课前预习ppt课件，共51页。PPT课件主要包含了Vocabulary，win v获胜赢，Grammar，Writing等内容，欢迎下载使用。
encyclpaedia /ɪnˏsaɪkləˈpiːdɪə/
An encyclpaedia is a cllectin (usually a bk r set f bks) f infrmatin abut things humans knw.
D yu knw wh he is ?
Da Vinci, Lenard
He is an Italian.
He was a famus painter in the perid f Renaissance/ri’neisns’/.
He had many great wrks, such as, Mna Lisa, Last supper.
Lenard da Vince(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventr, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vince was brn in the cutryside. Frm an early age, he shwed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew lder, he learnt t d many different things. His paintings are very famus, and ne, the Mna Lisa, is perhaps the mst famus painting in the wrld. He als had many inventins. Fr example,his ntebks include sme interesting drawings f flying machines.
【adj.】意大利的 【n.] 意大利人，意大利语【变】 Italy n.意大利
【r,er, ian, ist 表示“人”后缀】 r: actr, directr, er: teacher, player, singer 从事职业 ian: histrian, plitician, musician …家 ist: artist, scientist, pianist …者/家
【 v. bear n. birth 出生】 be brn in+地方/月/年be brn n+日期be brn with 与生俱来
【n. 乡下】village=far away frm the city centre
【v. 展示】shw sth. t sb. 向某人展示某物 shw up=appear 出现
【n. 才智，智慧】=wisdm adj. intelligent =wise=clever=smart
【adj. 艺术的】 n. art, artist
【cnj. 随着】引导时间状语从句
【v. learn-learnt 学习】 learn t d sth; learn hw t d sth; learn sth. frm sb./sth;
【adv.也许】=prbably/maybe
【n.发明】invent v. Inventr n.
【v.包括，包含】=cntain/cnsist f 区别：including/included
( ) 1. In 1910, fr example, 15% f peple in the U.S. were brn in anther cuntry. A. fr a while B. fr instance C. like( ) 2. I have n idea. Perhaps yu are right. A. May be B. Prbable C. Maybe( ) 3. A(n) ___________means a persn wh invents smething new. A. inventr B. musician C. scientist( ) 4. If ne thing _________anther thing, it has the ther thing as ne f its parts. A. includes B. invents C. discvers5. Hw _______________(intelligent) the puppy is!6. He likes _____________ and he wants t be a great ___________in the future. (scientist)7. What wuld happen if the Internet ____________(sudden) vanished (消失)?8. 随着年龄增长，他就表现出了对艺术的极大兴趣。 ————————————————————————————————————
intelligent
As he grws up, he shws great interest in art.
What dinsaur is it?
Dinsaurs lived n Earth mre than 60 millin years befre human beings. They lived everywhere n Earth. Sme dinsaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Sme culd even fly.Many dinsaurs ate plants. Hwever, sme dinsaurs liked t eat meat.Dinsaurs lived n Earth fr mre than 150 millin years. Then, suddenly, they all died ut. Nbdy knws why. Hwever, we can learn abut them frm their fssils.
【超过】=vern mre than 不过是，仅仅
【adv. 到处】=here and there
【sme…thers】一些…一些… sme…the thers 一些…其它的…
【as+adj./adv.原级+as】与…一样
【adv. 然而】放在句前，用逗号隔开 区别but(cnj.)
【adv. 突然】 =surprisingly and unexpectedlyadj./n. sudden 突然
【灭绝】=disappear dead adj. death n. die f/frm因…死亡
【了解，获悉】 =knw abut/get the infrmatin f sth.
( ) 1. Cindy _____the secnd prize in the singing cmpetitin yesterday. A. beat B. wn C. lst( ) 2. Can yu explain why dinsaurs died ut suddenly? A. disappeared B. discvered C. invented ( ) 3. Let’s find ________the truth f the matter. A. ut B. n C. abut( ) 4. Jenny helped me _____sme husewrk. A. des B. d C. did5. Liu Ying can sing as _______________(beauty) as the famus singer!6. Abut tw _________(billin) peple watched this vide last mnth.7. As a students, we shuld learn __________(lk) ______ new wrds in the dictinary.8. 在操场上，一些学生在打羽毛球，一些学生在聊天。 ————————————————————————————————————
beautifully
In the playgrund, sme students are playing badmintn, thers are chatting.
Italian n.意大利人
【例】There are lts f great ________(art) in______ (Italy).
【变】Italy n.意大利 Italian adj.意大利（人）的 n.意大利人，意大利语
ability n.才能，能力
【搭】have ability t d sth 有能力做某事
【例】The cllege students had cultivated(培养) the _________(able) t ask questins,the crnerstne f critical（批判) thinking.
【反】disability n. 无能，残疾 physical disability 身体残疾
【变】able adj. 能够的 disabled adj. 残疾的
include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 包括, 包含
【辨】including/included（1）including prep.包括，放在名词之间（2）included adj.包括在内的，常用语名词之后
【例】A lt f vegetables were bught tday, ________(include) brccli. I am fan f strybks, Harry Ptter _________(include).
【同】cntain/cnsist f
【变】winner n.获胜者
【例】Kbe is ne f the mst successful ______________in NBA.
【辨】win 赢得比赛/竞赛 beat/defeat 战胜某人/对手
find ut 了解(到)，弄清
【搭】find ut the truth 查明真相
【译】她终于找到了英语成绩总是没有提高的原因.
Finally, she ___________the reasn why she had never raised her English grades.
她找了很久的语法书，终于找到了！
Finally, she ___________the grammar bk which she has _________ fr a lng time.
【辨】find ut 指通过努力观察，探索等努力才查明结果 find 找到（强调结果） lk fr 寻找（强调过程）
g fr a walk=have a walk去散步
【例】After dinner, he always _______________(散步) with his mther.
used t d sth过去常常
【辨】be/get used t ding 习惯做 be used t d 被用来做 = be used fr ding
ges fr a walk
【例】Tim以前无聊时常抽烟，现在他已经习惯嚼口香糖。When he was bring, Tim _______________, but nw he ___________________________.
used t smke
is used t chewing gum
lk up 查阅，查询
【扩】lk up 向上看lk ________环顾四周lk ________ 向外看，当心lk ________ 看不起lk ________ 寻找lk ________ 照顾lk ________ 浏览
help sb (t) d sth帮助某人做
【搭】help sb with sth帮助某人某事 help neself t...随便吃... can't help ding禁不住做
【同】assist sb t d
Ⅰ. 单项选择i. 从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项( )1. —It’s very imprtant fr a human being t be plite. —I think s.A. a persn B. an encyclpaedia C. an animal( )2. —He will perhaps cme here tnight. —That means yu are nt sure?A. crrectly B. carefullyC. prbably( )3. —The dg barked at the man suddenly. —Why? Was he a thief?A. ludlyB. quickly and surprisinglyC. excitedly( )4. —Why dn’t we g fr a walk in the garden? —Gd idea.A. g utB. take a walkC. have a picnic( )5. When we arrived at the party, I fund I knew nbdy there.A. smebdyB. n pepleC. nthing
( )6. —Dinsaurs all died ut abut 650 millin years ag A. went ut B. disappeared C. came ut( )7. —I believe yu have the ability t finish the wrk.—Thanks fr trusting me.A. pininB. pwerC. interest( )8. —When yu ________ these tw things, yu can knw mre abut them.—That’s true. First, let me find their differences.A. include B. cmpareC. cmplete( )9. —Wh d yu think will get first place in the English cntest?—It’s difficult t say. Bth Nancy and Ben d well.A.winB. challenge C. catch( )10. —It’s difficult t find ut the fact, s I dn’t want t have a try.—If yu dn’t have a try, yu wn’t learn abut the fact frever.A. think abutB. talk abutC. knw abut
ii. 根据句子意思，从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出恰当的词汇完成句子( )11. The bk ________ sme beautiful phts. These phts are part f them. A. includes B. cncludesC. including( )12. —Wh ________ the light bulb?—Edisn. He was the ________. A. inventin; inventr B. invented; inventr C. inventr; inventin( )13. —Carl, culd yu help me ________ the fact? It’s hard fr me t d that. —N prblem. And I’ll d that fr yu. A. rush utB. get utC. find ut ( )14. —Hw many ________ are there in Great Britain? —Fur. It ________ England, Sctland, Wales and Nrthern Ireland. A. part; includesB. parts; cnnectsC. parts; includes( )15. —I dn’t think this maths prblem is difficult.—But _____ in ur class can wrk it ut. A. smebdyB. nbdyC. anybdy
( )16. He has great ________ in dealing with difficult Maths prblems.A. intelligenceB.factC. imaginatin( )17. If smething happens ________, it happens quickly and unexpectedly(意料之外的).A. immediatelyB. quicklyC. suddenly( )18. I feel a little tired. ________, I can g n wrking.A. SB. HweverC. But ( )19. —G t ________ the truth and reprt back quickly.—Yes. sir.A. take inB. die utC. find ut( )20. —It’s raining hard. ________, I will want t g there.—Yu’d better take an umbrella and a raincat with yu.A.But B. Perhaps C. Hwever
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. His father is a _______________(science).2. Jim’s sister is a _______________(music).3. I want t be an _______________(invent)when I grw up.4. He has the _______________(able)t finish the jb.5. He has the _______________(intelligent)t finish this jb.6. I want t learn _______________(play)the pian.7. We went t the party, _______________(include)my father.8. Eric is an _______________ by and he speaks _______________.(Italy)
intelligence
9. _______________(sudden), the phne rings.10. Qi Baishi and Chen Yifei were famus Chinese _______________(painting).11. I am as _______________(tall)as my sister.12. Jean and Jane _______________(be)brn n the same day.13. It is nt easy fr us _______________(find)ut the truth.14. Abut tw _______________(millin)peple listened t the prgramme.15. I lve sprts, including _______________(play)ftball and _______________(run).
Ⅲ. 真题演练( )1.If smene has _____, he r she has the ability t learn, understand and think abut things.A. infrmatinB. interestC. intelligence( )2.—Did yu ________ the reasn why Tina was angry with yu?—Yes. I didn’t call her back in time, s it made her unhappy.A. lk afterB. give upC. find ut( )3.—Wh helped yu repair the MP4? —________. I repaired it all by myself.A. SmebdyB. NbdyC. AnybdyD. Everybdy( )4. (深圳北环期中考)—What d yu think f his answer? —Perhaps he is rightA. ImpssiblyB. MaybeC. Certainly( )5. (深圳福安期中考)—The list includes many British guests.—Oh, that’s great! I may make friends with them.A. hasB. getsC. gives
( )6. ----Mr Smith didn’t feel well yesterday. —________, he still went t wrk n time.A. BesidesB. WhileC. Hwever( )7. (实验期中考)The dg barked at the man suddenly.A. ludlyB. all f a suddenC. quickly( )8. (深大附中期中考)—Wh d yu think will take first place in the English cntest?—It’s difficult t say. Bth Nancy and Ben d well.A. winB. inventC. include( )9. (福田区统考期中考)—If we dn’t prtect plants, green will die ut n Earth ne day.—S everyne shuld prtect them.A. appearB. disappearC. happen( )10. (深圳翠园期中考)—It’s gd fr us t g fr a walk every day. —Yu’re right.A. take a walkB. have a restC. tell a jke
定义：不明确指代某人或某物的代词，叫不定代词。
不定代词 Indefinite Prnuns
1. Sme 与 any
sme 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接
②可数名词 （单/复）
2) any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句，表示一些
2. few, a few, little, a little
3. bth, either, neither, each, all, nne
sme,any,n,every
-bdy,-thing,-ne
由________________________分别加上___________________________构成的不定代词 叫复合不定代词。
1、复合不定代词在句中可以作①主语、②宾语或 ③表语等。例如： ① _________ will listen t him. 没人会听他的。 ② He wants ___________ t eat. 他想吃点东西。 ③ Did yu feel ________ different? 你没觉得什么不同？
2、复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。例如： Smene ________crying in the next rm. 有人在隔壁的房间哭. There __________ nthing wrng with the TV set. 这台电视机没问题。 Everything __________ fine. 一切都很好。
3、sme-复合不定代词通常用肯定句中；any-复合不定代词多用否定句、疑问句中。 ①____________ called n her last week. 上周有人拜访她。 ②There isn’t _________ else there. 那里没有别人。 ③Is __________ ver there? 有谁在那边吗？ ④If there is ___________ difficult, please tell me. 如果有什么困难，请告诉我。
Wuld yu like smething t eat？
①当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyne，anybdy表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：
Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybdy knws the answer.任何人都知道答案。
②在表示请求、建议的句子中，还用smething, smene, smebdy等复合不定代词。
There’s ____________________ with yur eyes. 你的眼睛有问题。 Did yu buy______________________? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？
smething wrng
５、形容词修饰不定代词时，通常放在不定代词之后。
anything special
1. 常用they/them/their/he来指前面的smebdy, anybdy, nbdy等指人的复合不定代词
2. 常用it来指前面的smething, anything, nthing等指物的复合不定代词
Everyne knws this, desn’t_______________? 人人都知道这一点，不是吗?
Nthing is difficult if yu put yur heart int ____________. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
复合不定代词summary
复合不定代词exercise
1. I agree with mst f what yu said, but I dn’t agree with ________. A. everything B. anything C. smething D. nthing
2. --Is____ here? --N, Bb and Tim have asked fr leave. A. anybdy B. smebdy C. everybdy D. nbdy
3. --One week’s time has been wasted. --I can’t believe we did all that wrk fr ____. A. smething B. nthing C. everything D. anything
【分析】答案选B。fr nthing是习语，意为“徒劳，没有好结果”“免费”。
【分析】答案选C。由答语可知问的是“到齐了吗？”所以用everybdy。
【分析】答案选A。nt…everything是否定，意为“我并非同意你讲的一切”，与前一分句意思相符。而nt…anything=nthing与前一分句意思矛盾。
Ⅰ. 用sme或any填空1. There are _______________ pencils here, but there aren’t _______________ rubbers here.2. Des Jhn have _______________ brthers r sisters?3. They dn’t have _______________ time t finish the jb.4. Wuld yu like _______________ water?5. Can I ask _______________ questins?
Ⅱ. 用适合的不定代词填空1. The girl was t shy. She didn’t talk t _______________ that night.2. This is a secret. Yu mustn’t tell _______________.3. At first, it was very quiet. Later, _______________ began t cugh.4. The questin was s difficult that _______________ culd answer it.5. The freigner was shuting. But _______________ knew what he was talking abut.6. What’s n TV tnight? Is there _______________ interesting?7. Can I have _______________ t drink, please?8. These questins are t difficult. I think _______________ can answer them.9. Kitty is sitting alne. She isn’t with _______________.10. Yu can buy a lt f things with mney, but nt _______________.
Ⅲ. 单项选择( )1. —Where are my children?—I dn’t knw. There is ________ in the huse.A. smebdyB. anybdyC. nbdyD. everybdy( )2. The light is n. Is there ________ in the kitchen?A. n neB. smeneC. anyneD. everyne( )3. We tried ur best t talk t him, but he said ________ at all.A. nthingB. smethingC. anythingD. everything( )4. The by lks strange, but we didn’t knw ________ abut him.A. nthingB. smethingC. anythingD. everything( )5. Mum didn’t allw me t talk abut this t ________.A. n neB. smeneC. anyneD. everyne
( )6.Wh helped yu repair the MP4?—________. I repaired it all by myself. A. SmebdyB. NbdyC. AnybdyD. Everybdy( )7.(黔南中考)After a lng walk in the sun, they wanted t drink ________. A. cld smethingB. smething cld C. nthing cldD. cld anything( )8.(温州中考)—Lk, ________ is dancing under the tree. —Oh, that’s my cusin, Anna. A. everybdyB. anybdyC. nbdyD. smebdy( )9.They dn’t have _____ clur pencils, but I have _____. A. sme; smeB. any; smeC. sme; anyD. n; sme( )10.—Peter, wuld yu like ________ ckies? —N, thanks. A. anyB. anythingC. smethingD. sme
AIn Canada yu can find dgs, cats r hrses in almst every family. They are all 1. ________(Canada)pets. Befre Canadians keep these pets at their huses, they take 2. ________(it)t animal hspitals t give them injectins(注射)3. _________ that they wn’t carry disease.When yu visit Canadians’ huses, they wuld be very glad 4. ____________(shw)yu their pets. Yu will als find that almst every family 5. ____________(have)a bird feeder in their gardens. All kinds f birds are welcme t cme and have 6. ____________ gd meal. They are free t cme and g. 7. ____________(everybdy)is allwed t kill any animal in Canada.Peple in Canada have many 8. ____________(reasn)t like animals. One f them might be that their family tie(关系)is nt as 9. ____________(clsely)as urs. When children grw 10. ____________, they leave their parents t start their wn life. Then the ld peple will feel lnely. But pets can be gd friends and never leave them alne.
BWhen peple think f tigers: strng and dangerus. But nw, the big animals are 1. ____________(call)fr help. There were nce eight kinds f tigers in the wrld, but three died ut during the 2. ____________(twenty)century. In the last 70 years, 3. ____________ number f Siberian tigers(东北虎)has gne frm as 4. ____________(many)as 300 t less than 22 smewhere. The Siberian tiger has been 5. ____________ danger f dying ut 6. ____________(cmplete). If the gvernment desn’t make any effrts, it’s quite pssible that there will be n mre Siberian tigers in China in ten t twenty years.In rder t duble the number f wild tigers in the next ten years, the Wrld Wildlife Fund has started a prgramme recently. It aims t save wild tigers and put an end t tiger 7. ____________(hunt)and killing. China, tgether with ther 8. ____________(cuntry)has jined it.Wild animals, such as red deer and wild pigs are the main fd f the tigers. The hunting f these animals is the greatest threat(威胁)t tigers. 9. ____________ the mst imprtant thing is t save the animals that tigers eat. 10. ____________(prtect)the wild tigers, we need t call n mre peple t stp eating and hunting wild animals.
某中学自开展“向阳光少年学习”的活动以来，涌现了许许多多的“阳光少年”。请你以“A Sunshine Teenager”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍一位你身边的“阳光少年”(假如这位阳光少年名叫Xia Hui)。要点提示：1. 诚实善良、团结友爱、乐于助人；2. 热情、活泼、开朗、乐观向上；3. 热爱劳动、不怕困难、心怀感恩，积极为父母、师长分忧；4. 勤奋好学，积极参加各种文体活动。思路点拨：1. 开头：简要自我介绍，说明所在学校及该活动2. 说明是其中一位“阳光少年”，再进行详细的介绍3. 号召大家一起向Xia Hui学习
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hell! My name is Xia Ming. I’m studying in N. 1 Middle Schl. Our schl had an activity “Learn frm Sunshine Teenagers”. ①Frm then n, there are many sunshine teenagers arund us.Xia Hui is ne f them. He is ②hnest and kind. He ③gets n well with thers. He ④is always ready t nt nly help thers but als g t the ld peple’s hme t ⑤d smething fr the ld. He reads newspapers fr them, cleans their rms and washes their clthes. Als he is warm-hearted, active and utging. He always shares all kinds f his parents’ husewrk, like ding the dishes, sweeping the flr and making dinner. He ⑥is never afraid f different difficulties. He wrks very hard and he likes reading. And he ⑦takes an active part in all kinds f sprts. After schl, he plays ftball with his teammates. And he ⑧jins the schl clubs, like music, art and chess. He learns a lt frm all the activities.Xia Hui is a gd sunshine teenager. I shuld learn frm him.
encyclpaedia /ɪnˏsaɪkləˈpiːdɪə/
An encyclpaedia is a cllectin (usually a bk r set f bks) f infrmatin abut things humans knw.
D yu knw wh he is ?
Da Vinci, Lenard
He is an Italian.
He was a famus painter in the perid f Renaissance/ri’neisns’/.
He had many great wrks, such as, Mna Lisa, Last supper.
Lenard da Vince(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventr, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vince was brn in the cutryside. Frm an early age, he shwed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew lder, he learnt t d many different things. His paintings are very famus, and ne, the Mna Lisa, is perhaps the mst famus painting in the wrld. He als had many inventins. Fr example,his ntebks include sme interesting drawings f flying machines.
【adj.】意大利的 【n.] 意大利人，意大利语【变】 Italy n.意大利
【r,er, ian, ist 表示“人”后缀】 r: actr, directr, er: teacher, player, singer 从事职业 ian: histrian, plitician, musician …家 ist: artist, scientist, pianist …者/家
【 v. bear n. birth 出生】 be brn in+地方/月/年be brn n+日期be brn with 与生俱来
【n. 乡下】village=far away frm the city centre
【v. 展示】shw sth. t sb. 向某人展示某物 shw up=appear 出现
【n. 才智，智慧】=wisdm adj. intelligent =wise=clever=smart
【adj. 艺术的】 n. art, artist
【cnj. 随着】引导时间状语从句
【v. learn-learnt 学习】 learn t d sth; learn hw t d sth; learn sth. frm sb./sth;
【adv.也许】=prbably/maybe
【n.发明】invent v. Inventr n.
【v.包括，包含】=cntain/cnsist f 区别：including/included
( ) 1. In 1910, fr example, 15% f peple in the U.S. were brn in anther cuntry. A. fr a while B. fr instance C. like( ) 2. I have n idea. Perhaps yu are right. A. May be B. Prbable C. Maybe( ) 3. A(n) ___________means a persn wh invents smething new. A. inventr B. musician C. scientist( ) 4. If ne thing _________anther thing, it has the ther thing as ne f its parts. A. includes B. invents C. discvers5. Hw _______________(intelligent) the puppy is!6. He likes _____________ and he wants t be a great ___________in the future. (scientist)7. What wuld happen if the Internet ____________(sudden) vanished (消失)?8. 随着年龄增长，他就表现出了对艺术的极大兴趣。 ————————————————————————————————————
intelligent
As he grws up, he shws great interest in art.
What dinsaur is it?
Dinsaurs lived n Earth mre than 60 millin years befre human beings. They lived everywhere n Earth. Sme dinsaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Sme culd even fly.Many dinsaurs ate plants. Hwever, sme dinsaurs liked t eat meat.Dinsaurs lived n Earth fr mre than 150 millin years. Then, suddenly, they all died ut. Nbdy knws why. Hwever, we can learn abut them frm their fssils.
【超过】=vern mre than 不过是，仅仅
【adv. 到处】=here and there
【sme…thers】一些…一些… sme…the thers 一些…其它的…
【as+adj./adv.原级+as】与…一样
【adv. 然而】放在句前，用逗号隔开 区别but(cnj.)
【adv. 突然】 =surprisingly and unexpectedlyadj./n. sudden 突然
【灭绝】=disappear dead adj. death n. die f/frm因…死亡
【了解，获悉】 =knw abut/get the infrmatin f sth.
( ) 1. Cindy _____the secnd prize in the singing cmpetitin yesterday. A. beat B. wn C. lst( ) 2. Can yu explain why dinsaurs died ut suddenly? A. disappeared B. discvered C. invented ( ) 3. Let’s find ________the truth f the matter. A. ut B. n C. abut( ) 4. Jenny helped me _____sme husewrk. A. des B. d C. did5. Liu Ying can sing as _______________(beauty) as the famus singer!6. Abut tw _________(billin) peple watched this vide last mnth.7. As a students, we shuld learn __________(lk) ______ new wrds in the dictinary.8. 在操场上，一些学生在打羽毛球，一些学生在聊天。 ————————————————————————————————————
beautifully
In the playgrund, sme students are playing badmintn, thers are chatting.
Italian n.意大利人
【例】There are lts f great ________(art) in______ (Italy).
【变】Italy n.意大利 Italian adj.意大利（人）的 n.意大利人，意大利语
ability n.才能，能力
【搭】have ability t d sth 有能力做某事
【例】The cllege students had cultivated(培养) the _________(able) t ask questins,the crnerstne f critical（批判) thinking.
【反】disability n. 无能，残疾 physical disability 身体残疾
【变】able adj. 能够的 disabled adj. 残疾的
include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 包括, 包含
【辨】including/included（1）including prep.包括，放在名词之间（2）included adj.包括在内的，常用语名词之后
【例】A lt f vegetables were bught tday, ________(include) brccli. I am fan f strybks, Harry Ptter _________(include).
【同】cntain/cnsist f
【变】winner n.获胜者
【例】Kbe is ne f the mst successful ______________in NBA.
【辨】win 赢得比赛/竞赛 beat/defeat 战胜某人/对手
find ut 了解(到)，弄清
【搭】find ut the truth 查明真相
【译】她终于找到了英语成绩总是没有提高的原因.
Finally, she ___________the reasn why she had never raised her English grades.
她找了很久的语法书，终于找到了！
Finally, she ___________the grammar bk which she has _________ fr a lng time.
【辨】find ut 指通过努力观察，探索等努力才查明结果 find 找到（强调结果） lk fr 寻找（强调过程）
g fr a walk=have a walk去散步
【例】After dinner, he always _______________(散步) with his mther.
used t d sth过去常常
【辨】be/get used t ding 习惯做 be used t d 被用来做 = be used fr ding
ges fr a walk
【例】Tim以前无聊时常抽烟，现在他已经习惯嚼口香糖。When he was bring, Tim _______________, but nw he ___________________________.
used t smke
is used t chewing gum
lk up 查阅，查询
【扩】lk up 向上看lk ________环顾四周lk ________ 向外看，当心lk ________ 看不起lk ________ 寻找lk ________ 照顾lk ________ 浏览
help sb (t) d sth帮助某人做
【搭】help sb with sth帮助某人某事 help neself t...随便吃... can't help ding禁不住做
【同】assist sb t d
Ⅰ. 单项选择i. 从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项( )1. —It’s very imprtant fr a human being t be plite. —I think s.A. a persn B. an encyclpaedia C. an animal( )2. —He will perhaps cme here tnight. —That means yu are nt sure?A. crrectly B. carefullyC. prbably( )3. —The dg barked at the man suddenly. —Why? Was he a thief?A. ludlyB. quickly and surprisinglyC. excitedly( )4. —Why dn’t we g fr a walk in the garden? —Gd idea.A. g utB. take a walkC. have a picnic( )5. When we arrived at the party, I fund I knew nbdy there.A. smebdyB. n pepleC. nthing
( )6. —Dinsaurs all died ut abut 650 millin years ag A. went ut B. disappeared C. came ut( )7. —I believe yu have the ability t finish the wrk.—Thanks fr trusting me.A. pininB. pwerC. interest( )8. —When yu ________ these tw things, yu can knw mre abut them.—That’s true. First, let me find their differences.A. include B. cmpareC. cmplete( )9. —Wh d yu think will get first place in the English cntest?—It’s difficult t say. Bth Nancy and Ben d well.A.winB. challenge C. catch( )10. —It’s difficult t find ut the fact, s I dn’t want t have a try.—If yu dn’t have a try, yu wn’t learn abut the fact frever.A. think abutB. talk abutC. knw abut
ii. 根据句子意思，从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出恰当的词汇完成句子( )11. The bk ________ sme beautiful phts. These phts are part f them. A. includes B. cncludesC. including( )12. —Wh ________ the light bulb?—Edisn. He was the ________. A. inventin; inventr B. invented; inventr C. inventr; inventin( )13. —Carl, culd yu help me ________ the fact? It’s hard fr me t d that. —N prblem. And I’ll d that fr yu. A. rush utB. get utC. find ut ( )14. —Hw many ________ are there in Great Britain? —Fur. It ________ England, Sctland, Wales and Nrthern Ireland. A. part; includesB. parts; cnnectsC. parts; includes( )15. —I dn’t think this maths prblem is difficult.—But _____ in ur class can wrk it ut. A. smebdyB. nbdyC. anybdy
( )16. He has great ________ in dealing with difficult Maths prblems.A. intelligenceB.factC. imaginatin( )17. If smething happens ________, it happens quickly and unexpectedly(意料之外的).A. immediatelyB. quicklyC. suddenly( )18. I feel a little tired. ________, I can g n wrking.A. SB. HweverC. But ( )19. —G t ________ the truth and reprt back quickly.—Yes. sir.A. take inB. die utC. find ut( )20. —It’s raining hard. ________, I will want t g there.—Yu’d better take an umbrella and a raincat with yu.A.But B. Perhaps C. Hwever
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. His father is a _______________(science).2. Jim’s sister is a _______________(music).3. I want t be an _______________(invent)when I grw up.4. He has the _______________(able)t finish the jb.5. He has the _______________(intelligent)t finish this jb.6. I want t learn _______________(play)the pian.7. We went t the party, _______________(include)my father.8. Eric is an _______________ by and he speaks _______________.(Italy)
intelligence
9. _______________(sudden), the phne rings.10. Qi Baishi and Chen Yifei were famus Chinese _______________(painting).11. I am as _______________(tall)as my sister.12. Jean and Jane _______________(be)brn n the same day.13. It is nt easy fr us _______________(find)ut the truth.14. Abut tw _______________(millin)peple listened t the prgramme.15. I lve sprts, including _______________(play)ftball and _______________(run).
Ⅲ. 真题演练( )1.If smene has _____, he r she has the ability t learn, understand and think abut things.A. infrmatinB. interestC. intelligence( )2.—Did yu ________ the reasn why Tina was angry with yu?—Yes. I didn’t call her back in time, s it made her unhappy.A. lk afterB. give upC. find ut( )3.—Wh helped yu repair the MP4? —________. I repaired it all by myself.A. SmebdyB. NbdyC. AnybdyD. Everybdy( )4. (深圳北环期中考)—What d yu think f his answer? —Perhaps he is rightA. ImpssiblyB. MaybeC. Certainly( )5. (深圳福安期中考)—The list includes many British guests.—Oh, that’s great! I may make friends with them.A. hasB. getsC. gives
( )6. ----Mr Smith didn’t feel well yesterday. —________, he still went t wrk n time.A. BesidesB. WhileC. Hwever( )7. (实验期中考)The dg barked at the man suddenly.A. ludlyB. all f a suddenC. quickly( )8. (深大附中期中考)—Wh d yu think will take first place in the English cntest?—It’s difficult t say. Bth Nancy and Ben d well.A. winB. inventC. include( )9. (福田区统考期中考)—If we dn’t prtect plants, green will die ut n Earth ne day.—S everyne shuld prtect them.A. appearB. disappearC. happen( )10. (深圳翠园期中考)—It’s gd fr us t g fr a walk every day. —Yu’re right.A. take a walkB. have a restC. tell a jke
定义：不明确指代某人或某物的代词，叫不定代词。
不定代词 Indefinite Prnuns
1. Sme 与 any
sme 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接
②可数名词 （单/复）
2) any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句，表示一些
2. few, a few, little, a little
3. bth, either, neither, each, all, nne
sme,any,n,every
-bdy,-thing,-ne
由________________________分别加上___________________________构成的不定代词 叫复合不定代词。
1、复合不定代词在句中可以作①主语、②宾语或 ③表语等。例如： ① _________ will listen t him. 没人会听他的。 ② He wants ___________ t eat. 他想吃点东西。 ③ Did yu feel ________ different? 你没觉得什么不同？
2、复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。例如： Smene ________crying in the next rm. 有人在隔壁的房间哭. There __________ nthing wrng with the TV set. 这台电视机没问题。 Everything __________ fine. 一切都很好。
3、sme-复合不定代词通常用肯定句中；any-复合不定代词多用否定句、疑问句中。 ①____________ called n her last week. 上周有人拜访她。 ②There isn’t _________ else there. 那里没有别人。 ③Is __________ ver there? 有谁在那边吗？ ④If there is ___________ difficult, please tell me. 如果有什么困难，请告诉我。
Wuld yu like smething t eat？
①当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyne，anybdy表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：
Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybdy knws the answer.任何人都知道答案。
②在表示请求、建议的句子中，还用smething, smene, smebdy等复合不定代词。
There’s ____________________ with yur eyes. 你的眼睛有问题。 Did yu buy______________________? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？
smething wrng
５、形容词修饰不定代词时，通常放在不定代词之后。
anything special
1. 常用they/them/their/he来指前面的smebdy, anybdy, nbdy等指人的复合不定代词
2. 常用it来指前面的smething, anything, nthing等指物的复合不定代词
Everyne knws this, desn’t_______________? 人人都知道这一点，不是吗?
Nthing is difficult if yu put yur heart int ____________. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
复合不定代词summary
复合不定代词exercise
1. I agree with mst f what yu said, but I dn’t agree with ________. A. everything B. anything C. smething D. nthing
2. --Is____ here? --N, Bb and Tim have asked fr leave. A. anybdy B. smebdy C. everybdy D. nbdy
3. --One week’s time has been wasted. --I can’t believe we did all that wrk fr ____. A. smething B. nthing C. everything D. anything
【分析】答案选B。fr nthing是习语，意为“徒劳，没有好结果”“免费”。
【分析】答案选C。由答语可知问的是“到齐了吗？”所以用everybdy。
【分析】答案选A。nt…everything是否定，意为“我并非同意你讲的一切”，与前一分句意思相符。而nt…anything=nthing与前一分句意思矛盾。
Ⅰ. 用sme或any填空1. There are _______________ pencils here, but there aren’t _______________ rubbers here.2. Des Jhn have _______________ brthers r sisters?3. They dn’t have _______________ time t finish the jb.4. Wuld yu like _______________ water?5. Can I ask _______________ questins?
Ⅱ. 用适合的不定代词填空1. The girl was t shy. She didn’t talk t _______________ that night.2. This is a secret. Yu mustn’t tell _______________.3. At first, it was very quiet. Later, _______________ began t cugh.4. The questin was s difficult that _______________ culd answer it.5. The freigner was shuting. But _______________ knew what he was talking abut.6. What’s n TV tnight? Is there _______________ interesting?7. Can I have _______________ t drink, please?8. These questins are t difficult. I think _______________ can answer them.9. Kitty is sitting alne. She isn’t with _______________.10. Yu can buy a lt f things with mney, but nt _______________.
Ⅲ. 单项选择( )1. —Where are my children?—I dn’t knw. There is ________ in the huse.A. smebdyB. anybdyC. nbdyD. everybdy( )2. The light is n. Is there ________ in the kitchen?A. n neB. smeneC. anyneD. everyne( )3. We tried ur best t talk t him, but he said ________ at all.A. nthingB. smethingC. anythingD. everything( )4. The by lks strange, but we didn’t knw ________ abut him.A. nthingB. smethingC. anythingD. everything( )5. Mum didn’t allw me t talk abut this t ________.A. n neB. smeneC. anyneD. everyne
( )6.Wh helped yu repair the MP4?—________. I repaired it all by myself. A. SmebdyB. NbdyC. AnybdyD. Everybdy( )7.(黔南中考)After a lng walk in the sun, they wanted t drink ________. A. cld smethingB. smething cld C. nthing cldD. cld anything( )8.(温州中考)—Lk, ________ is dancing under the tree. —Oh, that’s my cusin, Anna. A. everybdyB. anybdyC. nbdyD. smebdy( )9.They dn’t have _____ clur pencils, but I have _____. A. sme; smeB. any; smeC. sme; anyD. n; sme( )10.—Peter, wuld yu like ________ ckies? —N, thanks. A. anyB. anythingC. smethingD. sme
AIn Canada yu can find dgs, cats r hrses in almst every family. They are all 1. ________(Canada)pets. Befre Canadians keep these pets at their huses, they take 2. ________(it)t animal hspitals t give them injectins(注射)3. _________ that they wn’t carry disease.When yu visit Canadians’ huses, they wuld be very glad 4. ____________(shw)yu their pets. Yu will als find that almst every family 5. ____________(have)a bird feeder in their gardens. All kinds f birds are welcme t cme and have 6. ____________ gd meal. They are free t cme and g. 7. ____________(everybdy)is allwed t kill any animal in Canada.Peple in Canada have many 8. ____________(reasn)t like animals. One f them might be that their family tie(关系)is nt as 9. ____________(clsely)as urs. When children grw 10. ____________, they leave their parents t start their wn life. Then the ld peple will feel lnely. But pets can be gd friends and never leave them alne.
BWhen peple think f tigers: strng and dangerus. But nw, the big animals are 1. ____________(call)fr help. There were nce eight kinds f tigers in the wrld, but three died ut during the 2. ____________(twenty)century. In the last 70 years, 3. ____________ number f Siberian tigers(东北虎)has gne frm as 4. ____________(many)as 300 t less than 22 smewhere. The Siberian tiger has been 5. ____________ danger f dying ut 6. ____________(cmplete). If the gvernment desn’t make any effrts, it’s quite pssible that there will be n mre Siberian tigers in China in ten t twenty years.In rder t duble the number f wild tigers in the next ten years, the Wrld Wildlife Fund has started a prgramme recently. It aims t save wild tigers and put an end t tiger 7. ____________(hunt)and killing. China, tgether with ther 8. ____________(cuntry)has jined it.Wild animals, such as red deer and wild pigs are the main fd f the tigers. The hunting f these animals is the greatest threat(威胁)t tigers. 9. ____________ the mst imprtant thing is t save the animals that tigers eat. 10. ____________(prtect)the wild tigers, we need t call n mre peple t stp eating and hunting wild animals.
某中学自开展“向阳光少年学习”的活动以来，涌现了许许多多的“阳光少年”。请你以“A Sunshine Teenager”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍一位你身边的“阳光少年”(假如这位阳光少年名叫Xia Hui)。要点提示：1. 诚实善良、团结友爱、乐于助人；2. 热情、活泼、开朗、乐观向上；3. 热爱劳动、不怕困难、心怀感恩，积极为父母、师长分忧；4. 勤奋好学，积极参加各种文体活动。思路点拨：1. 开头：简要自我介绍，说明所在学校及该活动2. 说明是其中一位“阳光少年”，再进行详细的介绍3. 号召大家一起向Xia Hui学习
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hell! My name is Xia Ming. I’m studying in N. 1 Middle Schl. Our schl had an activity “Learn frm Sunshine Teenagers”. ①Frm then n, there are many sunshine teenagers arund us.Xia Hui is ne f them. He is ②hnest and kind. He ③gets n well with thers. He ④is always ready t nt nly help thers but als g t the ld peple’s hme t ⑤d smething fr the ld. He reads newspapers fr them, cleans their rms and washes their clthes. Als he is warm-hearted, active and utging. He always shares all kinds f his parents’ husewrk, like ding the dishes, sweeping the flr and making dinner. He ⑥is never afraid f different difficulties. He wrks very hard and he likes reading. And he ⑦takes an active part in all kinds f sprts. After schl, he plays ftball with his teammates. And he ⑧jins the schl clubs, like music, art and chess. He learns a lt frm all the activities.Xia Hui is a gd sunshine teenager. I shuld learn frm him.
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