译林版英语七年级下册Unit6自主预习必知必会必背知识点
展开2021年七年级英语下册自主预习必知必会必背知识点
Unit 6 Outdoor fun
一、重点词汇
单词
outdoor adj. 户外的 | climb vt. &vi. 爬,攀登 |
complain vi. &vt. 抱怨 | outside adv. 在外面 |
camping n. 野营 | surprise vt. 使惊奇,使措手不及 |
riding n. (=horse riding) 骑马 | sweet adj. 甜的 |
skating n. 溜冰 | hurry vt. &n. 急忙,匆忙 |
ride vt. 骑(马,自行车等) | that adv. 那么,那样 |
pass vt. 经过;通过;度过;传,递 | cycling n. 骑自行车旅行 |
by adv. 经过 | hole n. 洞 |
fall vt. &n. 落下,掉落;倒下;跌倒 | rabbit n. 兔,家兔 |
hit vt. 击中,撞 | dear excl. 哎呀,天哪,啊 |
herself pron. 她自己 | alone adv. &adj. 独自,单独 |
locked adj. 锁上的 | low adj. &adv. 低的,矮的,低 |
notice vt. 注意,察觉 | into prep. 到……里面 |
side n. 侧,边 | through prep. 穿过,通过 |
tent n. 帐逢 | wood n. 木头,木材 |
period n. 一段时间,时期 | dynasty n. 朝代,王朝 |
century n. 世纪,百年 | Italian n. &adj. 意大利人(的) |
province n. 省 | excited adj. 激动的 |
become vi. 开始变得,变成 | toward(s) prep. 向,朝 |
decide vt. &vi. 决定 | fail vi. 失败 |
enter vt. 进入;加入 | watch n. 手表 |
forget vt. 忘记 | enough adv. 足够的,充分地 |
reach vt. 伸手(脚)够到;到达 |
|
词组
1、hurry up 快点,赶快 | 14、put up out tent 搭我们的帐蓬 |
2、complain too much 抱怨太多 | 15、make paper 造纸 |
3、go riding 去骑马 | 16、use bamboo to make kites 用竹子做风筝 |
4、go camping 去野营 | 17、make a bird out of wood 用木头做鸟 |
5、sit by a river 坐在河边 | 18、from then on 从那时起 |
6、look up 向上看 | 19、have a picnic 去野餐 |
7、take a watch out of its pocket 从它的口袋里拿出一块手表 | 20、fly kites 放风筝 |
8、stand up 站起身,起立 | 21、become smaller and smaller 变得越来越小 |
9、jump down a big hole 跳进一个大洞 | 22、decide to enter the garden 决定进入花园 |
10、get away 逃脱;离开 | 23、walk towards the door 朝着那扇门走去 |
11、hit the ground 撞到地面上 | 24、too small to reach the key 太小了够不到钥匙 |
12、find herself alone 发现她自己独自一个人 | 25、climb up 往上爬 |
13、go through the door 通过门 |
|
二、重要句型
1、Hurry up, Eddie. 快点,埃迪!
hurry up意为“快点”。如:Hurry up, or you will be late. 快些,不然要迟到了。
[拓展]
(1)hurry to 意为“赶往某地”,如:Betty hurried to the garden. 贝蒂急忙奔向花园。
(2)in a hurry意为“匆忙地;仓促地”,如:
Nothing is ever done in a hurry.[谚]匆匆忙忙是办不成事的。
(3)hurry away意为“匆匆离去”。
2、Hobo, carry it for me. 霍波,帮我拿包吧。
该句是祈使句,句中的代词代替前面一句中的名词bag。carry 是及物动词,之后通常跟名词或代词作宾语,意思是“运送、提、挑”。例如:
Most of us needn’t to carry water now. 现在大多数人不需要挑水。
In Britain, the police don’t usually carry guns. 在英国,警察通常不带枪。
[辩异]bring, carry 和take
bring表示“拿来”(从远到近)。例如:Bring me my food, please. 请把我的食物拿来。
take表示“拿走”(从近到远)。例如:
You can read the book here but you can’t take it home.你可以在这里读这本书,但不可以带回家。
carry表示“搬、运”(没有方向)。例如:
Trains carry more things than trucks. 火车比卡车运的东西多。
3、I want to go riding. 我想去骑马。
Go riding意为“去骑马”,也可以说成go for a ride。如:
We are going to go swimming tomorrow afternoon. = We are going to go for a swim tomorrow afternoon. 我们打算明天下午去游泳。
[拓展]
其他有go 的常用短语有:go swimming去游泳;go skating去滑冰;go boating去划船;go camping去野营;go skiing去滑雪;go climbing去爬山;go running去散步;go shopping去购物;go fishing去钓鱼;go jogging去慢跑;go traveling去旅行;go hunting去打猎;go hiking去远足。
4、She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.
她抬起头来看到一只穿着外衣的白兔从旁边经过。
see sb doing sth 意为“看见某人正在做某事”。如:
I saw an old man crossing the street. 我看见一位老人在过马路。
5、It took a watch out of its pocket and pass it to the cashier.
它从口袋里拿出一块表看了看时间。
Take..out of …意为“从……里拿出……”。如:
He took some money out of his pocket and pass it to the cashier.
他从口袋里拿出一些钱给了收银员。
6、Alice stood up and ran across the field after the rabbit.
爱丽丝站起身来穿过田地追赶那只兔子。
(1)stand up意为“站起身,起立”。如:
Some people still think it is impolite for men not to stand up when a woman comes into the room.
有些人仍然认为妇女进屋时男子不起立是有失礼貌的。
(2)run across意为“跑过,偶然遇见”。如:
Can you run across the playground in five minutes? 你能在五分钟内跑步穿过操场吗?
7、Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too.
爱丽丝不想让那只兔子逃脱,因此她也跳进洞中。
Get away意为“逃脱;离开”。如:
If I can get away from my work, I’ll go to the Great Wall with you next Sunday.
如果我工作能够脱身的话,下星期六我就和你们一起去长城。
8、Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground.
爱丽丝掉了很长一段时间,接着她撞到了地面。
(1) fall 作动词,意为“倒下;跌下;落下”,其过去式为fell。如:
Jack fell into the water and got wet. 杰克掉进水里,全身都湿透了。
[拓展]
fall down 倒下;落下 fall over 摔倒;跌倒
tall off 从……掉下 fall behind 落后;落在……的后面
(2)hit作动词,意为“打;敲;撞;击中”。如:
The truck hit a rock. 卡车撞在一块石头上。
[拓展]
hit sb in the face/on the head意为“打某人的脸/头”,如:
Simon hit Jack in the face. 西蒙打了杰克的脸。
9、She found herself alone in a long, low hall. 她发现她自己单独在一个长的低矮的大厅里。
(1)alone用作形容词,意为“单独的”,只作表语。如:
Robinson was alone on the island. 罗宾逊一人在岛上。
(2)alone用作副词,意为“单独地;独自”。如:
The old woman lived alone in the mountain village. 这位老妇单独一人住在那个山村。
[拓展]
All alone意为“独自一人”。如:He did it all alone. 这事全是他一个人干的。
10、Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.
爱丽丝试图穿过门去,但她太大了。
Through介词,意为“通过;穿过”。多指从立体空间(的内部)穿越,可和forest, city, window等搭配。如:We’re looking through the window. 我们往窗外看!
[拓展]
across指从表面穿过,可和street, bridge等搭配。如:
Look! The old man is walking across the street. 瞧!那老人正在穿过街道。
11、He practised playing volleyball with his friends. 他和他的朋友练习打排球。
(1)practise作动词,意为“练习;实践”,后接名词,代词;后接动词时,须接动词的ing形式。如:Practise these dialogues. 练习这些对话。
We should practise speaking English every day. 我们应该每天训练说英语。
(2)practice作名词,意为“练习;训练”。在美式英语中practice本身也是动词形式。如:
Practice makes perfect. [谚]熟能生巧。
12、We put up a tent near a lake. 我在湖旁搭起了帐蓬。
(1)put 动词,意为“放;置”。如:Please put your shoes under the bed. 请把鞋放在床下。
(2)put up 意为“举起;建起;住宿”如:
Those who want to see the film put up your hands. 想看电影的人,请举手。
13、Weifang, a city in Shandong Province, has become famous for making kites from then on. 潍坊-山东省的一个城市,从那时起因制造风筝变得出名了。
(1)from then on 意为“从那时起”。如:
From then on he refused to talk about it. 从那以后他就不再谈这件事了。
(2)become动词,意为“变得;成为”。如:
Even before he was ten, he became very interested in science.
他甚至不到10岁就对科学感兴趣了。
14、She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller.
她向下面看,看到了她的身体变得越来越小。
smaller and smaller意为“越来越少”。“比较级 + and + 比较级”相当于汉语中的“越来越……”。如:The train moved away faster and faster. 火车开走了,速度越来越快。
15、After a while, Alice turned small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden. 一会儿之后,爱丽丝变得足够小可以穿过门,因此她决定进入花园。
(1)while 名词,意为“一会儿,一段时间”,after a while意为“一会儿后”。如:
It took a long while to do the work. 做这个工作花了许多时间。
Don’t worry, your brother will come back after a while. 别担心,你兄弟一会就会回来。
[拓展]
for a while 一会儿 in a short while 不久 once in a while 有时,偶尔
(2) enter动词,意为“进入,把……放入”。如:entre a key in the door 把钥匙挺进门里。
Please do not enter before knocking on the door. 进来前请先敲门。
16、When she walled towards the door, She forgot about the key.
当她跑向门的时候,她忘记了钥匙。
Forget动词,意为“忘记”。如:
He never forgets her. 他永远忘不了她。
She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。
注意:如表达“把……忘在某地”,不用forget,而要用leave。如:
他把钥匙忘在家里。误:He forgot his key at home. 正:He left his key at home.
17、Alice had to go back to the table, bit she was too small to reach the key.
爱丽丝不得不回到那张桌子,但她太小够不到那把钥匙。
too … to …意为“太……而不能……”。短语中too是副词,后接形容词或副词;to是动词不定式的符号,后接动词原形。如:
The story is too difficult for me to understand. 这个故事太难,我无法理解。
He walked too slowly to catch up with me. 他走路太慢而能不能跟上我。
三、核心语法
一般过去时(II)
I一般过去时的句型见下表:
动词种类 | 句型 | 例句 |
to be | 肯定句:主语 + be的过去式(was, were). . . | I was very tried last night. 我昨天晚上很累。 |
否定句:主语 + be的过去式(was, were)+ not . . . | I wasn’t busy the other day. 前几天我不忙。 | |
疑问句:be的过去式(was, were)+主语 + . . . ? | ―Was your mother free this morning? ―今天上午你妈妈有空吗? ―Yes, she was./No she wasn’t ―是的,她有空。/不,她没有空。 | |
to do | 肯定句:主语 + 动词的过去式 + . . . | She studied Russian two years ago. 她两年前学过俄语。 |
否定句:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + . . . | He didn’t have classes this morning. 他今天上午没课。 | |
疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + . . .? | ―Did he go there? ―他去那里了吗? ―Yes, he did./No, he didn’t. ―是的,他去了。/不,他没有去。 |
II与一般过去时经常搭配的时间状语有:
1、 yesterday 或由其构成的短语。如:yesterday morning, the day before yesterday等。
2、由last开头构成的短语。如:last year, last month等。
3、由ago结尾构成的短语。如:a moment ago, an hour ago等。
4、由“介词+过去时间”构成的短语。如:in 2002, at the time等。
5、this week, this year, today等也可与一般过去时连用,但它们必须指过去,决不包括“现在”在内。
6、其他词。如:then, just now, once等。
此外,也可以根据上下文或语境所暗示的时间来判断出一般过去时。如:I saw him in the street.