高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Sharing学案设计

这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Sharing学案设计，共19页。学案主要包含了词汇积淀·素养初探，阅读精研·素养构建，要点精研·素养奠基，语块积累，即学活用，熟词生义，句式解构，名师点津等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Unit 4　Sharing
Reading and Thinking
【词汇积淀·素养初探】
Ⅰ. 用本单元的单词及汉语提示完成词块
1. a parcel(包裹) from home
2. some sweets and jam(果酱)
3. nice to get mail(信件)
4. my secondary(中学的) school
5. clay(陶土) floors
6. a dusty(布满灰尘的) track
7. a chorus(合唱队)
8. wear cotton uniforms(制服)
9. the test tube(管子)
10. a wrinkled(起皱纹的) forehead
11. a platform(平台) for Jenny
12. ripe(成熟的) corn
13. dragged(拖) ourselves down the mountain
Ⅱ. 根据语境完成句子
1. The classrooms are made of(由……制成) bamboo.  
2. Many of them also have to walk a long way, sometimes for up to(达到) two hours.  
3. There’s no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention(更不用说) laptops, tablets, or other modern devices.  
4. I’m still trying to adapt to(适应) these conditions.  
5. I doubt whether I’m making any difference(有任何影响) to these boy’s lives at all.  
6. Everyone seemed to be related to(与……有关) Tombe.  
7. I noticed a can standing upside down(上下颠倒) on the grill over the fire.  
【阅读精研·素养构建】
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
　　　　　　　Volunteering in the bush

2. Read the text quickly and find out the main idea of the passage.
The text is written by Jo, a young (1)Australian who teaches in a(n) (2)bush school in a poor mountainous village. It is about her experience as a (3)volunteer and her first (4)visit to a village which is the home of Tombe.
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
Choose the best answer to the passage
1. In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they 　　　.  
A. were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B. couldn’t stand the terrible smell of the mixture
C. didn’t like doing chemistry experiment
D. knew chemistry was not relevant to them
2. Why does Jo wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids?
A. Because she thinks chemistry is too difficult to learn.
B. Because she thinks chemistry may make little difference to the kids’ life.
C. Because the kids there hardly come across anything of chemistry.
D. Because she thinks chemistry useless.
3. In what language do you think Jo gave her lessons?
A. Pidgin English
B. French
C. English
D. The local language of Papua New Guinea
4. Why did Tombe throw out of the tin can?
A. Because he hated the leftover food.
B. Because he believed any leftover attracted evil spirits.
C. Because he believed the can had no use at all.
D. Because this is a way for people in Papua New Guinea to store leftovers.
5. How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombe’s family?
A. Happy　　　B. Sad　　　C. Worried　　　D. Upset
答案: 1～5. ACCBA
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
(1)There is no equipment and since there isn’t even a  
　　　　分句一　　　　　　　　原因状语从句
washroom, if I need water I have to carry it from my  
　　　　　　条件状语从句　　　　分句二
house in a basin.  
译文: 这里没有任何设备, 甚至没有洗手间, 如果我需要水的话我不得不用盆子从我的房子取水。
(2)The class became a circus as the boys, who had never  
　　　　　主句　　　　　　　　　　　　
come across anything like this before, started jumping out of  
　　　who引导定语从句　　　　　　 as引导原因状语从句
the windows.  
译文: 整个班级成了一个马戏团, 之前从没见过这种状况的男孩子们开始从窗户跳出去。
2. 根据课文内容填空
　　Jo wrote the blog entries to tell us her (1)teaching(teach) life in a bush school as a volunteer. She described the school whose classrooms (2)were made(make) of bamboo and roofs of grass. They had never come across chemistry experiments (3)before Jo came here. Jo gave a detailed (4)description(describe) of her first visit to a village. After two and a half (5)hours(hour) of walking, she arrived at Tombe’s home (6)where she could see a low bamboo hut with grass (7)sticking(stick) out of the roof, which had no windows. Inside the house, she found a newly made platform for Jenny and her to sleep (8)on. Outside the house, she saw Mukap laid stones on the fire, placed them in (9)an empty oil drum with kau kau, corn and greens and then (10)covered(cover) the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. She felt happy after the visit to Tombe’s family.  
3. 阅读主题活动
(1)What do you think about the life of Tombe?
His life is rather hard, original and simple, but he and his family are very friendly.  
(2)When you graduate from the college, do you want to be a volunteer? And why?
I want to be a volunteer to help others when I graduate from the college, at that time, I have equipped with enough knowledge, and I am capable of helping others.  
【要点精研·素养奠基】
1. uniform n. 校服; 制服 adj. 一致的; 统一的
*Unlike students in our country, these boys do not wear cotton uniforms.
不像我们国家的学生那样, 这里的孩子们不穿棉质校服。
*(2019·浙江高考)School uniforms are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
在英国穿校服是个传统, 但是有些学校正开始摆脱它们。
*For twenty minutes or so, our train seems to travel at a uniform speed.
大约二十分钟的时间里, 我们的火车似乎在匀速行驶。
【语块积累】
in uniform 穿制服
school uniform 校服
uniform speed 匀速; 等速
uniform customs 统一惯例
【即学活用】
(1)It is suggested that driving at a uniform speed can save much energy.  
据建议, 匀速驾驶可以节省很多能量。
(2)Before the ceremony, all the students will gather together in school uniform.  
典礼前, 所有的学生将会穿校服聚集在一起,
(3)Some boys are playing in the road and among them a boy is in uniform.  
几个男孩在街上玩耍, 其中有个穿着制服。
2. not to mention 更不用说; 且不说
*There is no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices.
那儿没有电, 没有自来水, 甚至没有课本, 更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备。
*The environment is clean and elegant, not to mention its high-quality dishes as well as its top service. 这里环境很干净很优雅, 更不用说它高质量的饭菜和顶级的服务了。
*Jack’s so lazy that he hates going for walks, let alone/much less jogging.
杰克很懒惰, 所以他讨厌散步, 更别说是慢跑了。
【语块积累】
(1)not to mention. . . =not to speak of. . .
=to say nothing of. . .
　　　　　　　　　　更不用说……
(2)let alone. . . =much less. . .
更不用说……
【即学活用】一句多译
我喜欢苹果派, 更不用说苹果了。
(1)I love apple pies, not to mention apples.  
(2)I love apple pies, not to speak of apples.  
(3)I love apple pies, to say nothing of apples.  
(4)I love apple pies, let alone apples.  
3. shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线); 加灯罩; 把……涂暗
n. 阴凉处; 灯罩; 阴影部分
* (2020· 天津高考) Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. 在维尼说“是的”之前, 总统匆忙接着说下去, 语气里有些许的歉意。
*She raised her hand to shade her eyes from the sun.
她抬起手遮在眼睛上方以挡住阳光。
*There stand some students in uniform in the shades.
阴凉处站着一些穿着校服的学生。
【语块积累】
(1)a shade of 少许, 微微
shade sb. /sth. from sth. 为……遮挡; 遮住
in the shade 在阴凉处
(2)shaded adj.林荫遮蔽的
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①The great tree shades passers-by from the heat of the sun.
②We would have a walk in the shaded(shade) street while we lived in the downtown.
(2)I can feel a shade of regret in his voice as to the result of the election.  
对于选举的结果, 我可以从他的语气中感觉到些许的悔意。
4. ripe adj. 成熟的; 时机成熟的
*He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens.
随后, 他把热的石头放在一个装着kau kau(甜马铃薯), 熟玉米和绿菜叶的空油桶里。
*(2020·江苏高考) You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor.
你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题, 而这些话题已经成熟, 可以为其他人增添幽默感。
*To help these fruits ripen faster, keep them on the counter for 2 to 5 days.
为了使这些水果成熟得更快, 要把他们放在柜台上2至5天。
【语块积累】
(1)(be) ripe for 时机成熟, 准备就绪
ripe time 成熟的时机
(2)ripen v. (使)成熟
【即学活用】
(1)We are waiting for the first crops to ripen.  
我们正等待着第一批农作物的成熟。
(2)The time is ripe for heritage buildings to be opened up.  
向公众开放遗产建筑的时机已经成熟。
(3)It is the ripe time for China to make a breakthrough in high-tech field.  
中国在高科技领域取得突破的时机已经成熟。
5. drag vt. 拖; 拽　vt. &vi. 缓慢而费力地前行
*My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.
当我们拖拽着疲惫的身躯下山回家的时候, 我浑身肌肉疼痛, 膝盖在颤抖。
*The climbers dragged along the dried river bed to find a shade.
攀爬者沿着干旱的河床慢慢前行寻找阴凉处。
*Don’t drag behind others, you’ll make us all late.
不要掉队, 你会让大家都迟到的。
【语块积累】
drag along 拖着脚走, 慢慢地行走
drag away 将……拉走; 将……硬拖走
drag behind 落在后面
【熟词生义】
Some old thoughts may act as a drag on the development of the society.
一些旧思想可能会阻碍了社会的发展。 (阻碍)
【即学活用】用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)The police was ordered to drag away the protestants around the Congress.
(2)In order not to drag behind his classmates, he is determined to work hard.
(3)After one day’s hard work in the field, they could only have strength to drag along.
6. privilege n. 优惠待遇; 特权
*Jo felt it was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
Jo感觉与Tombe一家人度过一天的时间很荣幸。
*(2019·北京高考)It’s such a privilege to be a part of these kids’ lives.
能够成为这些孩子生活中的一部分那也是一种特权。
*Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library. 我们的会员享受这家图书馆借书服务的特权。
*Here I feel greatly privileged to introduce to you my favorite one—the Dragon Boat Festival.
在这里, 我很荣幸地向你介绍我最喜欢的节日——端午节。
【语块积累】
(1)have the privilege of doing/to do sth. 有……的特权或荣幸
it’s a/one’s privilege to do sth. 做……是特权或荣幸
(2)privilege vt. 给予……特权, 有特权
feel privileged to do sth. 荣幸地做某事
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①I’ll feel privileged(privilege) to be your guide during the visit.
②It’ll be our great privilege to benefit(benefit) from your expertise in health care.  
(2)It’s my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our fellow friends from Germany.  
我很荣幸在这里与来自德国的朋友们分享这一时刻。
7. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere.  
前几天我正给孩子们展示一个化学实验, 我还不知道什么情况, 这种混合物从试管里冒出泡泡, 溅得到处都是。
【句式解构】
本句是be doing. . . when. . . 句型。when在句中作并列连词, 意为“这时(突然)”, 相当于and then, and at that time。
*He was doing his homework when the fire alarm began ringing.
他正在写作业, 这时火警响了。
*I was lying awake on my bed when suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming.
我正躺在床上还没睡着, 这时萨拉突然跑进来, 开始大喊大叫。
【名师点津】突然发生的“when”
when作并列连词, 意为“这时(突然)”的句型还有:
(1)be about to do/be on the point of doing. . . when. . .
正要做什么的时候(突然)……
I was about to leave the room when he came in.
我正要离开房间时(突然)他进来了。
(2)had done when 刚做完什么的时候(突然)……
I had just walked out of the kitchen when someone knocked at the door.
我刚从厨房出来, (突然)有人敲门。
【即学活用】
(1)We were talking when he suddenly took his jacket and ran away.  
我们正聊着呢, 突然他就拿着夹克跑开了。
(2)He was about to give up the question when suddenly he found the answer.  
当他正准备放弃这个问题时, 突然找到了答案。
(3)He had not gone far when he bumped into a large cow and fell down.  
他还没有走多远就撞上了一头奶牛并摔倒了。
8. Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.
后来, 我注意到一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。
【句式解构】
本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构, standing upside down on the grill over the fire为现在分词短语作宾语补足语; 常用于本结构的感官动词有notice, see, hear, feel, find等。
*We were so happy that we didn’t notice the water rising.
我们如此高兴以至于没注意到水位在上升。
*I looked over my shoulder and saw the lady holding the quilt tightly.
我越过肩头看到那个女士正紧紧地抱着棉被。
*Suddenly, I found myself facing a difficult situation.
突然, 我发现我自己正面临着一个困难的处境。
【即学活用】
(1)From inside the store, I could see the people outside rushing by.  
从商店里面, 我可以看到外面的人们正匆匆走过。
(2)I noticed him sitting there alone in the room at that time.  
那时我注意到他正独自坐在房间里。
(3)The driver found himself trapped in a big morass.  
司机发现自己被困在一个巨大的泥潭里。
【一语闻天下】
1. By 2025, the agency plans on launching the world’s first orbiting junk collector to drag the space rubbish out of orbit.
该机构计划到2025年发射世界上第一个轨道垃圾收集器, 用来把太空垃圾拖离轨道。
2. Since January 21, 2020, the NHC has provided daily updates on nationwide cases on its official website and social media platform, and provincial health departments have done the same on local cases.
自2020年1月21日起, 国家卫生健康委每日在官方网站、社交媒体平台发布前一天全国疫情信息, 各省级卫生健康部门也每日统一发布前一天本省份疫情信息。
3. Unlike mass-produced products, most alpaca dolls in Peru are handmade goods manufactured by local artisans in their family workshops, without uniform design requirement, said Bedregal, adding that it was hard to find partners as making 1, 000 identical alpaca dolls meant enormous work for local artisans.
贝德雷格尔说, 与批量生产的产品不同, 秘鲁大多数羊驼玩偶都是由当地工匠在家庭作坊手工制作的, 没有统一的设计要求。他还说, 很难找到合作伙伴, 因为制作1 000个一模一样的羊驼玩偶意味着当地工匠的工作量很大。
4. “We continue working to open the door to new destinations, demonstrating that our food meets the highest quality standards, privileging functionality and safety, with qualities that are increasingly essential for Asian consumers, ” he added.
他补充说: “我们将继续努力, 为新目的地打开大门, 证明我们的食品符合最高质量标准, 强调功能性和安全性, 这些品质对亚洲消费者来说越来越重要。”
【课时检测·素养达标】
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. The other day I received a parcel(包裹) and a mail (信件)from my nephew, who lives in the remote mountain area and studies in a secondary(中学) school. He especially presented me a picture, in which he wears a brandly new uniform(校服).
2. In the hut(小房子) once lived an old farmer, who had a sharp jaw(下巴), and many wrinkles(皱纹) on his face. In his house, there is a deserted fireplace(壁炉). A kettle (水壶)and a pan(平底锅) lay on the table covered with dust(灰尘).
3. We helped the farmers clean up weeds(杂草), pick ripe (熟的)apples. Although it was rather hot, the big apple trees could provide shade(阴凉) for us. After a whole day’s hard work, we felt very happy and dragged (费力前行)ourselves along the path to school.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. Many pavilions have been built to shade the walkers from the sunlight.
2. He was cycling(cycle) in the countryside when it started to rain heavily.  
3. We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day.
4. I feel greatly privileged(privilege) to take part in an activity called “ Save the Earth”.
5. I think it is ripe of me to try the new and challenging work.
6. We can watch the dragon dance and attend the temple fair, not to mention (mention)the delicious snacks we may taste in streets.  
7. I saw many dancers dancing(dance)on the square happily.
8. Those black men who were protesting on the street were dragged(drag) away by the police.  
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 我曾经在一个偏远的中学支教。那儿的学生生活很穷苦, 没有校服, 更别提现代化的教学设备。
2. 尽管条件很糟糕, 但我仍然致力于教授他们更多的知识。课后, 我会帮助当地人清理杂草, 收获成熟的庄稼。
3. 我离开后, 有一天当我正在办公室上班时我收到一封信。信里我教过的那些学生表达了对我的感谢。
　　I once volunteered to teach in a remote secondary school. The students there lived a poor life and didn’t wear uniforms, not to mention modern teaching equipment. Despite the terrible conditions, I was devoted to teaching them more knowledge. After class, I would help the locals clean up the weeds, and harvested the ripe crops. One day after I left the school for two years, I was working in my office when I received a mail, in which the students I once taught there thanked me.  
十　Unit 4　Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. Tu Youyou, a great chemist(药剂师) and scientist, devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform (制服) looked so cool.
3. It would be great to set up a platform(平台) where students from both countries can make friends and exchange thoughts and ideas.
4. We intend to wrap them in a big parcel(包裹) and post it to your school.
5. I wiped the dust(尘土) off all the furniture, and then I swept and mopped the floors.
6. Last week, our school held a chorus(合唱团) competition, the “12. 9 Chorus”.
7. He just patted her back lovingly, kissed her forehead(眉头), and rushed for his office.
8. If they always follow others’ choices, they are bound to live a boring and rigid(死板的) life.
9. They want to make room for housing(住房) or offices during urban construction.
10. It is suggested that all primary and secondary(中级的) schools should offer elective courses related to artificial intelligence.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. He said that he was driving along the road when he lost control of his car.
2. I really like having a walk along shaded(shade) road with my friends after school.
3. I feel greatly privileged(privilege) to have the chance to present my invention.
4. The unexpected illness dragged him behind other students in class.
5. It’s ripe for him to try out for an international team after so many years of hard training.
6. He was noticed wandering(wander) along the street at that time.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. You’ll save the miles to the theater and restaurant —not to mention the money .  
您可以省掉去剧院和餐馆的路——更不用提钱了。
2. A chorus of protest broke out when the politician was speaking.  
当这个政客发表演讲的时候爆发出一片抗议声。
3. I was reviewing my notes when the light turned off.  
我正在复习笔记时突然灯灭了。
4. I noticed someone following me in the dark.  
我注意到有人正在黑暗里跟踪我。
5. It’s my privilege to show you around our campus.  
我很荣幸带你们参观我们的校园。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
(2021·青岛高二检测)
　　Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37, 500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
　　The pair, who set off from London, thought their expedition was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it.
　　The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
　　Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges facing these areas today. They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh. They visited Congolese refugees (难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. They witnessed how education could free sex-workers in Delhi and victims of human trafficking in Nepal.
　　The pair established the Tuk-Tuk Educational Trust, a U. K. registered charity.
　　Talking about their motivation, Richard said: “The world’s leaders have made a commitment to achieving universal primary education but in spite of this pledge (誓言, 承诺), over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, though still cannot access quality learning opportunities. ”
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了两位英国老师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目, 历经千辛万苦环游世界的故事。
1. Why did the two teachers travel the world?
A. To support an education project.
B. To create a new world record.
C. To entertain themselves.
D. To challenge themselves.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中“They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America. ”可知, 他们环游世界是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目。故选A。
2. How far did the two teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day on average?
A. A little more than 23 kilometers.
B. About 14 miles.
C. 43 miles.
D. 70 kilometers.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段. . . after pulling their failing vehicle for
43 miles 和第二段后半部分The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days. 拖了43英里, 用了3天, 所以每天平均14英里。故选B。
3. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. How they realized their next goal.
B. Their exciting experience on the road.
C. The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D. The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第三段中的关键词“tackle deserts and jungles; survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia; the mountain ranges lying in their path. ”可知, 在二人的旅途中, 他们穿越沙漠和丛林、与大象亲密接触过、出了一次事故、还要穿越沿途的山脉。故此段主要讲述了他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险, 故选D。
4. Which of the following best describes the two teachers?
A. Curious and brave.
B. Humorous and generous.
C. Courageous and responsible.
D. Efficient and honest.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 两位英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目, 在将他们的故障车辆拖行43英里后, 打破了在一辆三轮摩的上完成最长旅途的世界纪录。由此判断, 他们是有责任感的; 根据第三段中的内容, 得知他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险, 可知他们是非常勇敢的。故选C。
B
(2021·威海高二检测)

　　Throughout history, humanity has existed side-by-side with viruses and bacteria. From the bubonic plague to smallpox, humanity has evolved to resist these bacteria and viruses. However, there are now new ways for them to infect us.  
　　Climate change is melting permafrost(冻土) areas that have been frozen for thousands of years. As the permafrost melts, so to the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frozen. These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previously lay inactive in the ice, may spring back to life as the earth’s climate warms.
　　In August 2016, a 12-year-old boy in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty people there were hospitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽).
　　Experts studied and concluded that over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its body was frozen and trapped under a layer of permafrost. It stayed there, with the disease inactive, until a heatwave in the summer of 2016. The heatwave melted the permafrost and exposed the reindeer body, which then released the infectious pathogen(病原体) into the nearby water and soil, and then into the food supply. More than 2, 000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected, which then led to a small number of human cases.
　　While you may think the incident is isolated to that area, the fact that long-inactive viruses and bacteria might wake up soon due to climate change will affect us all. Pathogenic viruses might be preserved in old permafrost layers, including some that have caused global epidemics in the past.
　　With climate change, who knows what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrost areas are threatening us. Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming.
【文章大意】文章讲述了全球变暖导致疫情蔓延, 呼吁人类阻止全球变暖。
5. What does the underlined “new ways” refer to?
A. Ancient bacteria and viruses came back to life.
B. Bacteria and viruses have evolved into new types.
C. Bacteria and viruses become more resistant to medicine.
D. Ancient bacteria and viruses remain active in frozen permafrost.
【解析】选A。指代猜测题。根据“These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previously lay inactive in the ice, may spring back to life as the earth’s climate warms. ”可知, 之前被冰封的古细菌和病菌, 随着地球气候的变暖会再度活过来, 所以new ways是指古细菌和病菌复活, 故选A。
6. Which is the right order of the case of anthrax in 2016?
① A 12-year-old boy died and many others were infected.
② Over 2, 000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected.
③ The bacteria went into the nearby water, soil, and then food supply.
④ The permafrost melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer woke up.
A. ④③②①　　　　　 B. ④②③①
C. ①②④③ D. ①③④②
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段可知, 七十五年前一头鹿感染了炭疽, 鹿死了, 身体被冰封, 病毒休眠, 直到2016年的夏季酷热期苏醒, 这些苏醒的病原体进入到附近的水、土地然后进入食物中, 感染了超过2 000头鹿, 然后感染了人类, 根据第三段可知, 在2016年一个12岁的男孩感染炭疽并死去, 并感染了其他人。所以顺序为④ ③ ② ①, 故选A。
7. Why does the writer write this text?
A. To introduce an ancient virus, anthrax.
B. To call on people to stop global warming.
C. To encourage people to study ancient viruses.
D. To warn of the danger of melting permafrost.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据“Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming. ”作者认为是时候号召大家一起来阻止全球变暖了。可推断, 作者写此文的目的是号召人们阻止全球变暖。故选B。
8. In which section can we most possibly read this text on a website?
A. Geography. B. Environment.
C. Education. D. Medicine.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要是讲全球变暖导致疫情的蔓延, 所以属于环境类, 故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　I finished training as a nurse in Auckland and I was expecting to get a job in a small hospital somewhere. But then a friend told me about Volunteer Now. I’d always wanted to go to an African country and use my nursing skills to help people. And here was a chance to do that, so I decided to apply. 1. 　　　　　 I got one hospital to sponsor me and then I borrowed some money from the bank.  
　　So I went to Madagascar and joined a team of people working with a local supervisor (主管人). 2. 　　　　　  
　　By going round villages, we taught basic ways to improve hygiene (卫生) and to avoid catching diseases. For example, we gave instruction about how to avoid catching malaria (疟疾) and distributed mosquito nets to some of the homes. I think we did some good. I hope so anyway.
　　3. 　　　　　 I was suddenly in a completely different culture, teaching people who had such a different lifestyle from my own. It made a big difference to the way I see the world. And I also made some very good friends out there, both local people and the other volunteers. 4. 　　　　　  
　　After I came back, I got accepted straight away for a job at the university hospital. 5. 　　　　　I’m sure I wouldn’t have managed to do that if I hadn’t worked in Madagascar and got this practical experience.  
A. We set up a program there.
B. I also got a lot from this program.
C. It is one of the best hospitals in Auckland.
D. So I’d recommend Volunteer Now to anyone.
E. I failed to take the opportunity though I could.
F. I had to raise $500 before I went, but that was quite easy.
G. We had such good times together and we’ve kept in touch since then.
【文章大意】文章记叙了作者去非洲国家做志愿者, 用自己的护理技能去帮助人们的经历。
1. 【解析】选F。根据后文I got one hospital to sponsor me and then I borrowed some money from the bank. 可知我得到一家医院的资助, 然后我从银行借了些钱。由此可知, 本句是在说明作者需要筹钱, 后文则讲了作者是如何筹钱的。故选F。
2. 【解析】选A。根据上文So I went to Madagascar and joined a team of people working with a local supervisor. 可知我去了马达加斯加, 加入了一个当地人主管的团队。以及下一段中By going round villages, we taught basic ways to improve hygiene and to avoid catching diseases. 可知通过在村子里四处走动, 我们教授了当地人改善卫生和避免感染疾病的基本方法。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明作者加入团队之后的事情, 他们在村子里设立了项目, 教授改善卫生和避免感染疾病的基本方法。故选A。
3. 【解析】选B。根据后文可知我突然置身于一个完全不同的文化背景中, 教那些生活方式与我完全不同的人。这对我看世界的方式有很大的影响。我还在那里交了一些很好的朋友, 包括当地人和其他志愿者。由此可知, 后文主要在描述作者从这个项目中受到的影响和学到的东西。故选B。
4. 【解析】选G。根据上文And I also made some very good friends out there, both local people and the other volunteers. 可知我还在那里交了一些很好的朋友, 包括当地人和其他志愿者。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明作者和那些朋友在一起的情况。故选G。
5. 【解析】选C。根据上文After I came back, I got accepted straight away for a job at the university hospital. 可知我回来后, 马上就被大学医院录取了。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明这所医院的情况。故选C。