牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1 Past and Present优质教案及反思

这是一份牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 1 Past and Present优质教案及反思，共10页。教案主要包含了典型例题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1


现在完成时的基本结构





肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+nt+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）





2


现在完成时的用法





1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。





I have already psted the pht.我已经邮寄出了照片。


与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, befre, recently,still, lately,never等。





2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。





He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)


此种用法常与fr（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。





有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：g ut----be ut finish----be ver pen----be pen die----be dead buy---have fall ill---be ill cme back----be back catch a cld----have a cld





3


现在完成时常见考法


对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。





【典型例题】





His father_____the party since 1978A.jind B.has jined C.was in D.has been in答案：D





解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。since 1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”，表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，A、B均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行。





4


比较一般过去时和现在完成时的异同


1. 共同点：动作都是在过去完成。





I saw the film yesterday evening.I have seen the film befre.（看电影这件事都是在过去完成的。）





2. 区别：





①现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。





②一般过去时通常与具体明确的过去时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week , tw years ag，just nw，in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的过去时间状语和 these days ,this week ,since..., fr... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。


【典型例题】


—______ yu yur hmewrk yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a mment ag .


A.Did ; d ; finished B.Have ; dne ; finished C.Have ; dne ; have finished





答案：B





解析：本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时，而回答中的a mment ag 是一个明确的过去时间状语，应该用一般过去时。





5


过去分词的规则变化


动词过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的规则变化相同。





① 一般情况下，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。





wrk---wrked---wrked visit---visited---visited





② 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived





③ 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。





study---studied---studied cry---cried---cried





④ 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。





stp---stpped---stpped drp---drpped--drpped





6


过去分词的不规则变化





AAA型


AAB型


ABA型


ABB型


ABC 型











一、根据汉语意义或首字母提示，写出正确单词。


1. I haven’t ________ (收到…来信) frm Sally befre.


2..I’m very hungry . I haven’t e_______ anything since 7:00 this mrning


3. Bb and Jim have been gd friends_______(自从)they jined the same tennis team.





二、用所给单词的正确形式填空


1.The writer is s ppular that he _______(sell) mre than 200,000 bks s far.


2.---I____ (have a fever)since last night.


---Yu’d better g t see a dctr.


3.）S far, the cuple ___________ (nt change) their flat since they had a secnd child.


4.Jim has never ________(be) t Munt Tai in China.


5. Sandy brrwed the nvel frm the library last week and ________(keep) it fr 5 days.


6.Cathy and Linda ( nt be) back t their hmetwn fr tw years.


7.----Can yu g walking in the park with me, Daisy?


----Sure. I (finish)my DIY prject.





三、单项选择





1. Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels t rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed f 3.2 cm every 10 years.


A. rse B. have risen C. rise


2.—It's ten years since we came here


—Hw time flies! We ____ in China fr s lng.


A. wrk B. wrked C. will wrk D. have wrked


3.---Have yu ever been t Shanghai?


---Of curse. Actually, I _________there fr six years but nw I live in Taizhu.


A. wrked B. was wrking C. wuld wrk D. have wrked


4.. I ate sme fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables frm my garden.


A. have enjyed B. enjyed C. enjy D.had enjyed


5.---- Where is Mr. Green?


---- He the bkshp. Yu have t wait fr him.


A. was ging t B. has gne t C. has been t


6. My father ____ in a panda prtectin center fr 10 years, s he knws a lt abut panda.


A. was wrking B. is wrking C. has wrked D. will wrk


Why wn’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternn?


---Because they _ Lngzhng fr a study trip.


A. have gne t B. have been t


C. had gne t D. had been t


8.—Yur new bike is s nice! When did yu buy it?


—In July. I _____it fr tw weeks.


A.had B. have had C. have bught D. bught


9. ---Where are the teachers nw?


--- In the meeting rm. They _________ the meeting fr 10 minutes.


A. have begun B. have been n


C. have had D. have been held


10.---Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her fr days.


---She Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.


A. has gne t B. has been t C. have gne t D. have been t


11.I ______ abrad fr several years, but I have never regretted my final decisin t mve back t my mtherland.


A．am living B．lived C．have lived


12.---Linda has t Paris. Hw can I get in tuch with her?


---Dn’t wrry. She will call yu as sn as she there.


A. been；will get B. been；gets


C. gne；will get D. gne；gets


13.---Yur new watch is s nice! When did yu buy it?


--- In Octber. I it fr tw mnths.


A. Had B. bught


C. have had D. have bught


14.---Lk! My mther _____ a new dress fr me.


----Ww, it lks very nice n yu.


A.is making B.has made C.will make


15.The shp in Wanda Square _____ fr six years, but I _____ there s far.


A.has pened; haven’t gne B.has been pen; haven’t been


C.has been pen; haven’t gne D.has been pened; haven’t been





16.---Have yu ever _____ the Terractta Army in Xi’an ?


----Yes. I went there last year.


A.gne t B.been t C.been in


17.Our schl life a lt since 2017. We have mre activities nw.


A. changes B. changed


C. will change D. has changed


18.）----What prgress Huawei _____ in recent years!


----N wnder it is widely knwn in all parts f the wrld.


A.is making B.has made


C. makes D. made


19.---Hw many letters yu t yur mther?


--- 109 in all, since 2016.


A. has, written B. have, written


C. did, write D. are, writing


20.---_____ yu ever ______ Hng Kng --Zhuhai_Maca Bridge ?


---Nt yet.


A.Did; visit B.Are; visit C.Have , visited


21.---Hi, Tm! _____ yu ever ____ the Bird’s Nest ?


----Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.


A.Have, been t B.Have, gne t C. Did, g t


22.As an exchange student, Alan_____ Qiqihar fr ne and a half years.


A.has been t B.has been in C.has gne t


23---Hw lng have yu__________ yur cap? It lks cl.


---Abut tw weeks.


A. brrwed B. bught C. had


24.Tday, all the erhu masters play and praise Erquan Yingyue. It ____ ne f China’s natinal treasure.


A.becmes B.became C.has becme


25----Hw many letters _____ yu _____ t yur mther?


----109in all, since 2016


A.has, written B.have; written


C.did; write D.are ; writing





四、完成句子





1.China has been able t make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects.


______ China ______ able t make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects?


2.布朗(Brwn) 一家人已经在上海生活10年了





3.（辽宁铁岭）复仇者联盟4》已经上映两个月了。


Avengers:Endgame fr tw mnths.


4.他们已经采取行动挽救野生动物了吗？


Have they _____ t save wild animals yet?





Key


一、


1.heard, 2eaten, 3since


二、


1.has sld,


2.have had a fever


3.haven’t changed


4.been


5.has kept


6.haven’t been


7.have finished


三、


1---5BDDAB;


6---10CABBA;


11--15CDCBD;


16--20BDBBC;


21--25ABCCB


四、


1.Has, been


2.The Brwns/ The Brwn family have been/ lived in Shanghai fr 10 years/ since 10 years ag.


3.has been n


4.taken actin原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
cst
cst
cst
花费
cut
cut
cut
砍、切、割
let
let
let
让
put
put
put
放置
read
read
read
读
原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
beat
beat
beaten
打败
原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
becme
became
becme
成为
cme
came
cme
来
vercme
vercame
vercme
克服
原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
understand
understd
understd
理解、明白
stand
std
std
站、忍受
fight
fught
fught
打架
bring
brught
brught
带来
buy
bught
bught
买
catch
caught
caught
抓住、赶上
teach
taught
taught
教
feel
felt
felt
感觉
keep
kept
kept
保持
sleep
slept
slept
睡觉
sweep
swept
swept
清扫
leave
left
left
离开
send
sent
sent
送
lend
lent
lent
借
spend
spent
spent
花费、度过
lse
lst
lst
丢失
meet
met
met
遇见
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
学习
pay
paid
paid
付给
say
said
said
说
hear
heard
heard
听
make
made
made
发现、找到
sit
sat
sat
听
find
fund
fund
制造
shw
shwed
shwed/shwn
展示
tell
tld
tld
告诉
原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
be
was / were
been
是，在…
d
did
dne
做、干
g
went
gne
去
sing
sang
sung
唱
swim
swam
swum
游泳
drink
drank
drunk
喝
see
saw
seen
看到
eat
ate
eaten
吃
fall
fell
fallen
落下
give
gave
given
给
mistake
mistk
mistaken
犯错
take
tk
taken
拿、带
grw
grew
grwn
成长
knw
knew
knwn
知道了解
speak
spke
spken
讲
frget
frgt
frgtten
忘记
get
gt
gtten
到达、得到