2021届高三复习英语名校联考质检卷精编（3）说明文阅读

2021届高三复习英语名校联考质检卷精编（3）说明文阅读

1.The different parts of a health care system have different focuses. A hospital's stroke(中风) unit monitors blood flow in the brain. The cardiac unit is interested in that same flow, but through and from the heart. Each collection of equipment and data is effective in its own field. Thus, like the story of blind men feeling an elephant, modern health care offers many separate pictures of a patient, but rarely a useful united one.

On top of all this, the instruments that doctors use to monitor health are often expensive, as is the training required to use them. That combined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly, for early signs of illness, so patients are at risk of heart disease or a stroke.

An unusual research project called AlzEye, run by Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, in cooperation with University College, London(UCL), may change this. It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which signals about the health of other organs could be discovered. The doctors in charge of it, Siegfried Wagner and Pearse Keane, are studying Moorfields' database of eye scans, which offers a detailed picture of the health of the retina(视网膜).

The project will go a step further:With the information about other aspects of patients' health collected from other hospitals around England, doctors will be able to look for more accurate signs of disease through eye scans.

The Moorfields data set has lots of linked cases to work with--far more than any similar project. For instance, the UK Biobank, one of the world's leading collections of medical data about individual people, contains 631 cases of a"major cardiac adverse event". The Moorfields data contain about 12, 000 such. The Biobank has data on about 1, 500 stroke patients. Moorfields has 11, 900. For the disease on which the Moorfields project will focus to start with dementia, the data set holds 15, 100 cases. The only comparable study has 86.

Wagner and Keane are searching for patterns in the eye that show the emergence of disease elsewhere in the body. If such patterns could be recognized reliably, the potential impact would be huge.

1.Why does the author mention “the story of blind men feeling an elephant” in Paragraph 1?
A.To claim the ineffectiveness of our health care system.
B.To tell the similarity in various health care units.
C.To explain the limitation of modern health care.
D.To show the complexity of patients' pictures
2.What does the underlined word "this"in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The challenge of making advanced medical instruments.
B.The high risk of getting a heart disease or a stroke
C.The inconvenience of modern health care service.
D.The incomplete and expensive health monitoring.
3.How does AlzEye work?
A.By thoroughly examining one's body organs.
B.By identifying one's state of health through eye scans
C.By helping doctors discover one's diseases of the eye
D.By comparing the eye-scan data from different hospitals.
4.What can be inferred about the Moorfields's project from Paragraph 5?
A.It takes advantage of abundantly available medical data.
B.It makes the collection of medical data more convenient.
C.It improves the Moorfields' competitiveness in the medical field.
D.It strengthens data sharing between the Moorfields and the Biobank.

2.More than a third of small towns in Georgia lost population in the last year alone, highlighting the challenges of reviving rural areas.New census(人口普查)estimates show that Camilla fell below 5,000 residents.Sparks fell below 2,000,and Milan fell to 661 residents for a loss of 7% of its population. All three towns are in South Georgia."

Many of the young people in these communities graduate from high school and don't come back.They go to college,whatever,they don't come back,"said David Bridges,head of its Center for Rural Prosperity and Innovation in Tifton.

Meanwhile,Georgia's cities are growing,having no problem drawing people from small towns and other cities.Atlanta grew more than 1% in the past year and is now nearing the half-million-resident mark.

The trend of people moving from rural to urban areas is hardly a new one-it's been going on worldwide for more than a century.But continued population losses have raised questions about whether rural areas can do anything to reverse the tide.

Rural residents can face a number of challenges including access to good jobs, transportation and health care.Manufacturing jobs have dried up in many places,while modernization and new technology means fewer people are needed for farming.And many people are deciding to have smaller families than was typical a century ago.

"The older generation is dying,the younger generation is moving away,and because there are perceived to be fewer business opportunities,financial opportunities,etc.it's very challenging to get inbound population."Bridges said.

Demographers(人口学家)expect the shift from rural to urban to continue.But there are some bright spots in rural America still. Jackson County near Athens was recently named one of the fastest-growing counties in the nation by the Census Bureau. Amazon opened a large fulfillment center there a couple of years ago.And Young Harris,near the Georgia-North Carolina border,has grown by more than 80% since 2010.

1.What happened to the small towns mentioned in paragraph 1?
A.Their sizes grew rapidly. B.Their population declined.
C.They drew more residents. D.They raised challenges to locals.
2.Which of the following best explains"reverse the tide"underlined in paragraph 4?
A.People move from rural to urban areas.
B.Small towns draw people from cities.
C.Rural areas develop their economy quickly.
D.Population continue to grow in urban areas.
3.Why is David Bridges quoted?
A.To draw a conclusion.  B.To offer more evidence.
C.To show his contribution. D.To give part of the reasons.
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Jackson County is the best town in the US.
B.Rural towns will keep growing to larger ones.
C.Others will follow the lead of these bright spots.
D.There can be measures to help rural towns grow.

3.Hardware in general, and smartphones in particular, have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).

Electronic waste(e-waste)currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone, laptop and power bank. They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghana's capital, Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world, where 10, 000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process. They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.

But Agbogbloshie should not exist. The Basel Convention, a 1989 treaty, aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. The e-waste industry, however, circumvents the regulations by exporting e-waste labelled as"secondhand goods"to poor countries like Ghana, knowing full well that it is heading for a landfill site.

A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals. This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury (水银), lead and even arsenic(砷). Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA). Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of Ghana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.

Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste. For example, Germany has started a project that includes a sustainable(可持续的)recycling system at Agbogbloshie, along with a health clinic for workers. However, governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware, especially when governments green policies are focused on issues like climate change.

Only the manufacturers can fix this. A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral.

1.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A.Electronic products need improving urgently.
B.Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycled.
C.Electronic waste requires more landfill sites across Ghana.
D.Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie.
2.What does the underlined word"circumvents"in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Tightens. B.Abolishes. C.Gets around. D.Brings in.
3.What should be the biggest concern according to the text?
A.The violation of EFSA's standards.
B.The lack of diversity in Ghana's exports.
C.The damage to chicken's immune system.
D.The threat of polluted food around the world
4.What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?
A.Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economy.
B.Governments' adjusting their green policies about e-waste.
C.Reducing customers 'demands for electronic products.
D.Letting governments take on the main responsibility

4.No one knows who invented the button. It has existed as early as 2000 BC. When it first started, it was just something pretty yet replaceable sewn onto your clothes. About 3，000 years later, someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful and applied to clothes universally.
    Before buttons, clothes were bigger — they had no fixed shapes. People felt as if they wrapped themselves in things. Because of the buttonhole, the fashion moved closer to the body as we discovered uses for the button. At one time, ifs the very way to make clothes fit well for the body. People are completely secure.
    The pattern of a button hasn’t changed much since the Middle Ages. Ifs one of the most lasting designs in history, because it actually works to keep our clothes shut. Zippers easily break and are hard to fix. Velcro is rackety，and it wears out after a while. However, if a button breaks, you just exactly sew another on. And you ran do up your buttons without disturbing others.
    A button is there for the long run. Ifs not just the most important design ever, but it’s thought to be a decisive factor in the development and innovation of clothes. Present design of clothes shows its influence obviously. If you’re wearing a take a look at the position of buttons on it. If you’re a male, the buttons would likely be on the right side, but for a female, the buttons are usually found on the left.
    Once the buttons were all on the right, and the trend of buttons-on-the-left was set by wealthy women of the Victorian era. Their clothes were complex, consisting of corsets, petticoats, buttons and a wide range of beautiful accessories(配饰). Therefore, they needed assistance while getting dressed. Keep this in mind, clothing makers made innovation and designed articles of clothing that were simple for servants to button up. Such designs of clothing became more and more popular over time, and eventually became the standard still being followed to this day.
1. What can be learnt about early buttons in the first paragraph?
A. They appeared a bit later than buttonholes.  

B. They served as an essential part of the clothes.
C. Their popularity was driven by buttonholes greatly. 

D. They were invented by someone unknown accidently.
2. What does the underlined word "rackety" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Decorative. B. Practical. C. Expensive. D. Noisy.
3. Why did the design of buttons on women’s clothes change in the Victorian era?
A. To innovate old designs of clothes.  

B. To make it easier to button up.
C. To beautify the clothes of women.  

D. To keep the standard widely followed.
4. Which can be the title of the text?
A. How buttons changed fashion  

B. What the real role of buttons is
C. Why buttons were invented  

D. When buttons came into sight

5.   A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent year's as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.

    More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.

    Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight (困境)of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.

    The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. "Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year," Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U. S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar hears with financial support from tourism development.

1.What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?
A.Food shortage.  B.Climate change.
C.Habitats, movement to shore. D.Their preference for land.
2.How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?
A.Excited. B.Puzzled. C.Concerned. D.Shocked.
3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.
B.Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C.Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.
D.Tourism affects the balance of nature.
4.Which saying can describe the text?
A.The fittest can survive. B.After a storm comes a calm.
C.There is always opportunity in crisis. D.Every coin has two sides.

6.    Norway shares a long eastern border with Sweden and is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak Strait to ihe south 一 Denmark on the other side of the strait. It has ail extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea.

    For the last few years, Norway has registered the highest quality 6f life among the worlds nations. It is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. Norwegians can also expect to get a good education, the job they wan! — unemployment is only 4 percent according to recent data updated in January,2019 — enjoy good health and live a long life. Its achievement today is completely unexpected for many people, especially senior citizens there. Just 80 years ago Norwegians were moving to the USA in their thousands in search of a better life. The rise in oil prices in the 1970s changed all that. On a per-capita(人均的) basis, Norway is the world’s largest producer of oil outside of the Middle East.

    When you arrive in Oslo, the capital of Norway, for the first don't expect to be met by Dubai-style skyscrapers, and rows of Ferraris and Porsches. In 2018, Norway became one of the few countries where over 5 in every 100 passenger cars on the roads is a plug-in electric one. Norwegians also work hard and are always near the top in research on global worker productivity rates. Bui in today’s high-tech world where work seems to follow us wherever we go, the people of Norway are redefining(重新定义)what wealth means. Laws just recently passed by the government attach great importance to family and time off.

    Also, the country is saving for the future. Every dollar earned from oil is put straight into its pensions ——worth billions of dollars. At a time when most other western countries are wondering how they will finance the pensions of a growing retired population, Norway is sitting pretty.

1.Where is the Skagerrak strait?
A.Near the Barents Sea.  B.On the east of Finland.
C.Near the north of Norway. D.On the north of Denmark.
2.What leads to Norway’s success?
A.Its huge reserve of oil. B.Its low unemployment rate.
C.Its quality education.  D.Its pleasant natural environment.
3.What can be inferred about Norway from paragraph 3?
A.Norwegians are seeking modern life.
B.It is modest about its wealth.
C.It puts much focus on the traffic.
D.Norwegians try to keep away from high technology.
4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph convey?
A.Norway’s future should be considered.
B.Norway wouldn’t like to make changes.
C.Norway has accumulated enough pensions.
D.Norway's retired population is decreasing.

答案以及解析

1.答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段modern health care offers many separate pictures ... rarely a useful united one可知,盲人摸象的例子是为了解释现代医疗检查很少能全面地提供患者的整体情况,因此具有局限性。
2.代词指代题。前两段主要讲了现代医疗检查的片面性以及高昂的费用,而一项不同寻常的研究项目AlzEye也许能改变这一切。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段It is attempting to use the eye ... health of other organs.及第四段With the information ... signs of disease through eye scans可知,AlzEye的工作模式是通过眼部扫描来辨别一个人的健康状况。
4.推理判断题。根据第五段列举的数据信息可知,Moorfields的项目较同类项目充分利用了更多现存的数据。

2.答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D

3.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段Electronic waste currently takes up 5 percent ... and power bank.可知,随着电子垃圾的快速增长,Agbogbloshie地区的电子污染是一个严峻的问题。
2.词义猜测题。根据划线处上下文内容可知,发达国家打着向发展中国家出口“二手物品”的幌子将电子垃圾转移到发展中国家来避开巴塞尔公约的规定,可推知划线词的意思为“避开、绕开”。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals ... exports are cocoa and nuts.可知,加纳大量对外出口可可和坚果,故全球范围内都会受到被污染食物的毒害。
4.细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关键在于硬件生产商,他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则,生产便于维修、可回收利用的电子产品。

4.答案：1.C    2.D    3.B    4.A

解析：1. C【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】由第一段的"someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful and applied to clothes universally" 可知，由于扣眼的出现，纽扣变得有实际作用并开始被普遍地用在服装上。
2. D【命题意图】考查词义猜测。
【解题思路】根据画线词前后的"Zippers easily break and tire hard to fix" "However, if a button breaks, you just exactly sew another on" 可知，此处是在对比纽扣与其他同作用的东西来说明它成为历史上最久远的设计之一的原因；由下文的"And you can do up your buttons without disturbing others"可知，纽扣与Velcro (尼龙搭扣）相比，扣纽扣不会打扰到他人，由此说明扣尼龙搭扣会发出噪音，故D项 "Noisy"可解释画线词。
3. B【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】由最后一段的"Their clothes were complex, consisting of corsets, petticoats, buttons and a wide range of beautiful accessories (配饰）. Therefore, they needed assistance while getting dressed. Keep this in mind, clothing makers made innovation and designed articles of clothing that were simple for servants to button up"可知，在维多利亚时代，女士服装上的扣子被设计在左侧是为了方便别人帮她们扣扣子。
4. A【命题意图】考查标题判断。
【解题思路】结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲了纽扣的普遍使用 影响了服装的发展和变化。故A项适合用作本文标题。

5.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf,more bears are remaining on land to look for food” 可知,全球变暖加速了海冰融化.破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地,故越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物,故选B。
2.考查观点态度。根据第三段的内容可知,随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上,研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境,随后,更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知,大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选C项。
3.根据最后一段中的"Most tourists visit in the fall" "Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels"可知,大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览,而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天,而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆,故可推知在秋季,Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。
4.考查推理判断。通读文章可知,因为全球气候变暖,北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去,这本来是北极熊的困境,然而北极熊登陆却为一个小村庄带来了旅游业的发展,这对小村庄来说是一个机遇,同时,村民又利用旅游业收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此D项"事物都有两面性"符合语境。

6.答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Norway ... is bordered by…the Skagerrak strait to the south — Denmark on the other side of the strait"信息可知,斯卡格拉克海峡位于挪威的南面,该海峡的另一边就是丹麦,那么丹麦在斯卡格拉克海峡的南面,换句话说,斯卡格拉克海峡位于丹麦的北面。
2.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Its achievement today is completely unexpected for. . . The rise in oil prices in the 1970s changed all that. On a per-capita(人均的) basis, Norway is the world’s largest producer of oil outside of the Middle East"可知,挪威今天的成就令很多人意料不到,这里的生活水平原本并不高,但在20世纪70年代,石油价格的上升改变了这种状况,挪威作为石油人均产量大国,石油推动了该国变为富有国家。
3.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“When you arrive in Oslo,the capital of Norway,for the first time, don’t expect to be met by Dubai-style skyscrapers,and rows of Ferraris and Porsches” 可知,当你到挪威首都奥斯陆时,你很难看到迪拜式的高楼大厦和豪车,由此可推知挪威没有炫耀自己的财富,而是对所拥有的财富很谦虚。
4.考查句意理解。由上文可知,挪威是石油人均产量大国,是世界上最富有的国家之一;本句前面谈到挪威也在为将来而节约,政府将因石油所挣的钱直接投入到养老金里面,因此挪威目前的养老金储备十分充足。所以当多数西方其他国家在愁如何给不断增长的退休人口发放养老金的时候,挪威却是高枕无忧。be sitting pretty表示"处于有利地位"。