还剩20页未读，
继续阅读
中考英语复习---动词的分类， 情态动词和 be 动词专项练习含答案
展开
动词
动词的分类
一、动词概述及分类
根据其句法功能，动词可以分为四大类，列表如下。
1、实义动词（行为动词）
及物动词 +宾语，构成主谓宾句型
+双宾语，构成主谓双宾句型
+复合宾语，构成主位复宾句型
不及物动词
2、连系动词 be, seem, look, sound, smell, turn, get, become等+表语，构成主系表句型
3、助动词 be +doing，构成进行时
+done，构成被动语态
have +done，构成完成时态
+been doing，构成完成进行时态
肯定式do（does，did）；
否定式：don’t（doesn’t，didn’t） 帮助行为动词的一般现在时、一般过去时构成疑问句；
帮助行为动词的一般现在时、一般过去时构成否定与
will, shall, should, would +动词原形构成将来时
4、情态动词 can, may, must, might, could等 后接动词原形一起构成谓语
二、实义动词及用法
实义动词也叫行为动词，是四类动词中唯一能独立作谓语的一类动词。根据其句法功能可以分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1、及物动词
及物动词本身意义不够完整，需要后接宾语才能使其意思完整。
1）动词+宾语，构成主谓宾句型。
例如：Could you please clean the blackboard? 请你擦黑板好吗？
We learn English every day. 我们每天学习英语。
2）动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语 / 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，构成主谓双宾句型。有的动词必须在后面带表示人的间接宾语和表示物的直接宾语，即两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
例如：Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语？
Please pass me the book.= Please pass the book to me.请把那本书递给我。
My mother bought me a snow globe on my birthday.
= My mother bought a snow globe for me on my birthday.
我过生日时我妈买给我一个雪球。
常见的带双宾语的动词有：pass, give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, cook, teach, tell, write, read, return, ask, show等。
3）动词+宾语+宾语补足语，构成主谓复宾句型。有的动词必须在宾语后再加上形容词、副词、名词、不定式、-ing形式、介词短语等做宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，句子意思才能够表达完整。
例如：Please keep the door open. 请让门开着。（形容词open做宾补）
I often see the children play in the park。我经常看见孩子们在公园里玩。（不带to的不定式play做宾补）.
You can call me Mrs Jones.你们可以称呼我琼斯夫人。（名词Mrs Jones做宾补）
动词see, hear, watch, make, let, have, notice, find等经常以动词不定式或-ing形式做宾补。
2、不及物动词
1）不及物动词自身意思完整，无需再接宾语。
例如：Horses run fast。马儿跑得快。
He sings well. 他唱得好。
2）很多不及物动词也可以用作及物动词，还有的不及物动词后带上某个介词就成了带宾语的及物动词。
例如：They are reading. 他们在朗读。（read为不及物动词）
They are reading English. 他们在朗读英语。（read为及物动词）
He is waiting at the bus stop.他在公交车站等。（wait为不及物动词）
He is waiting for me at the bus stop.他在公交车站等我。（wait for为及物动词，带me做宾语）
三、连系动词
连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和其后面的表语一起构成合成谓语，说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份。
常见的连系动词有be， become（变得、成为）， get（变得）， look（看起来），seem（似乎、好像），turn（变得），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸起来）等。除be以外的连系动词大多数时候是实义动词，他们用作连系动词时多数没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。
例如：He is angry.他生气了。
He got angry at the news.听到这个消息他生气了。
That sounds good.那听起来不错。
Trees turn green when spring comes.春天来临，树叶转绿。
China is getting stronger and stronger.中国正变得越来越强大。
四、助动词
助动词本身没有词义或意思不完整，不能单独作谓语。它们的主要作用是帮助构成时态、语态、疑问句或否定句等。
1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were）
1) be+doing（现在分词）, 构成进行时
例如：They are listening to music.他们在听音乐。（be的现在时形式帮助构成现在进行时）
They were walking down the street when the UFO landed.（be的过去时形式帮助构成过去进行时）
2）be+done（及物动词的过去分词）, 构成被动语态
例如：The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.电灯泡是由托马斯.爱迪生发明的。（be的过去时形式帮助构成过去时的被动语态）
The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天打扫。（be的现在时形式帮助构成现在时的被动语态）
The problem will be solved next week.这个问题将在下周得到解决。（be的将来时形式帮助构成将来时的被动语态）
2、have (has, had)
1）have/has/had+done（动词的过去分词），构成完成时态。
例如：They have already done their homework.他们已经完成作业。（have+过去分词构成现在完成时）
He hasn’t come yet.他还没有回来。（has+过去分词构成现在完成时）
The bus had gone when I got to the bus stop.我到达车站时公交车已经离开。（had+过去分词构成过去完成时）
2）have/has/had+been+doing（动词的现在分词），构成完成进行时态。
例如：How long have you been collecting shells?你收集贝壳有多长时间了？
He has been studying English since five years ago.他从5年前开始就一直在学习英语。
3、助动词do/ does/ did
助动词do/ does/ did主要帮助构成疑问句，也可用于倒装句、强调句或代替上文提到过的行为等。他们的否定式don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t帮助构成否定句。
例如：Does he often play sports after school?他经常放学后做运动吗？
We don’t speak Japanese.我们不说日语。
Did they visit the Palace Museum on their last day off?他们上个休息日参观故宫了吗？
She didn’t watch TV yesterday evening.她昨晚上没看电视。
4、助动词will, shall, would, should
助动词will, shall主要用于构成一般将来时，其中will可用于各人称，而shall一般只用于第一人称。would，should是will，shall的过去式，可以用于构成过去将来时，但很多时候被用作情态动词。
例如：There will be more trees and less pollution in the future.将来会有更多的树木，更少的污染。（帮助构成一般将来时）
Shall we go to the park on the weekend?我们周末去公园好吗？（一般将来时，用于提出建议）
They said they would come the next day.他们说他们第二天来。（帮助构成过去将来时）
Would you mind my turning down the radio?你介意我关小收音机吗？（用于礼貌地提出建议）
You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。（用于提供建议）
5、情态动词can, may, must, might, could等
情态动词具有一定的词义，用以表达说话人的态度或情感，必须和后面的实义动词一起构成合成谓语。（请详见专题七 情态动词）
实战演练(2×30) 计分:
1 Good news, boys! There is going to ______ a basketball match next week.
A. have B. has C. be
2 Kangkang hardly has lunch at school on Sunday, ________?
A. does he B. has he C. doesn’t he
3 You had a good time during the May Day holiday, _______ you?
A. hadn’t B. didn’t C. haven’t
4 ---She’s back from Australia, _________ she? ---Yes, she came back last night.
A. wasn’t B. hasn’t C. isn’t
5 Linda, please ______ these flowers ______ the classroom.
A. bring; in B. take; in C. take; to
6 ---Would you mind turning down the TV? ---________.
A. Yes, I would mind B. No, I didn’t C. No, not at all
7 ---How long _______ you _______ this TV set? ---For five years.
A. did; buy B. have; had C. were; buying
8 She has finished her homework, ________?
A. hasn’t she B. does she C. has she
9 This week, the weather___ to change every day: One day is hot, the next is cold.
A. seems B. looks C. sounds
10 I told my mother I wasn’t worried about my exam. But in fact, I _____.
A. did B. was C. have
11 ---When ______ your mother _______ you that blue dress , Mary?
---Sorry , I really can’t remember.
A. does; buy B has; bought C. did; buy
12 ---You seem to know much about the city. ---That’s true . I ____ it three times .
A. visited B. had visited C. have visited
13 Hi, Mr.Smith . I didn’t know you were in New York. How long ____ here ?
A. have you come B. were you C. have you been
14 Time goes by fast. We must never miss the chance to show love to our parents and make them ___how much they mean to us.
A. to know B. knowing C. know
15 ----It’s a secret between us . Don’t tell anybody ! ----- Sure,_____.
A I, do B I, won’t C I will
16 ---Excuse me. You shouldn’t smoke here. Look at the sign “NO SMOKING HERE”.
---Sorry, I ________ it.
A. doesn’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see
17 There _______ a lot of changes here since 1980.
A. have been B. have had C. will be
18 The car doesn’t work. What ______ we _______?
A. do; do B. are; doing C. shall; do
19 I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _______ good to lie in the sun or swim in the water.
A. does B. feels C. gets
20 He told me he ______ care of my child while I ______ away.
A. will take; am B. took; was C. would take; was
21 Jean wants to go to China but she ______ money.
A. doesn’t have B. doesn’t have no C. does have
22 In our school library there ______ a number of books on science and the number of them _______ growing larger and larger.
A. is; are B. are; is C. has; is
23 Will you please ______ me your math book this afternoon?
A. lending B. lend C. to lend
24 ---Do you plant trees in spring? ---Yes. Many trees _______ in our city every year.
A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted
25 Now Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It ____ in many schools around the world.
A. teaches B. is teaching C. is taught
26 ---Do you know the Winter Olympic Games?
---Sure. Once the Winter Olympics _______ the White Olympics.
A. call B. called C. was called
27 Children should _____ not to break the traffic rules.
A. tell B. be telling C. be told
28 ---What’s wrong with you, Sandy? You look so worried.
---My pet cat _______ by a car this afternoon. And it is in hospital now.
A. is hit B. was hit C. hit
29 ---Mum, can I go skating now? ---Well, you may go after your homework_______.
A. has finished B. will finish C. is finished
30 We are often told ______ at people who are in trouble.
A. not to smile B. to smile C. not to laugh
1-5 CABBC 6-10 CBAAB 11-15 CCCCB 16-20 CACBC
21-25 ABBBC 26-30 CCBCC
专题七 情态动词、系动词
在英语中，表示主语动作或状态的词就叫做动词。根据动词的意义及在句子中的作用，可将动词分为实义动词(v)、系动词(link-v)、情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(v. aux)四种类型。
下面我们就来看看情态动词和系动词的具体用法。
一、情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，要和动词原形一起构成谓语，表说话人的语气和态度。它没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：
1. can表示能力，有“能”“会”的意思；表示可能性，多用在否定或疑问句中；表示请求和许可。
如：The parrot can speak three languages. 这只鹦鹉能讲三种语言。
Can I borrow the book from the library？我可以从图书棺借这本书吗？
Shanghai can be very cold in March. 上海三月份可能会很冷。
拓展延伸can还有过去式could 可表“能，会”，又可以和be able to替换，而be able to有 更多时态。 如：
He could swim when he was four. =He was able to swim when he was four. 他四岁时就会游泳。 在一般疑问句中，can/could 常用来表示请求或征求对方意见，用could 比用can语气更加委婉和客气。类似用法的还有Will /Would you (please)…等句型。
如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告诉我怎样到邮局吗？ Would you please turn up the radio？请你把收音机开大点，好吗？
2.may表示“许可”时，相当于can，其否定回答用can’t/mustn’t；表推测时，常用在肯定句中，表“可能”。
如：-May I borrow your ruler？我可以借用您的直尺吗？
-No, you can't /mustn't. 不行。
She may be a teacher. 她可能是一名教师。
拓展延伸may可表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 祝你成功!
3.must表示“必须；必要”，以“must”开头的一般疑问句其肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“needn't”或“don't have to”。 must表推测时，常用在肯定句中，是“一定”的意思，其否定形式mustn ' t表“禁止”的意思。
如：-Must I leave now？现在我必须离开吗？
-No，you needn't /you don't have to. 没有必要。
This book must be Lucy's . Look! Her name is on the book cover. 这本书是露西的。看！封面上还有她的名字。
You mustn't draw on the wall. 你不准在墙上画画。
拓展延伸must表示说话人的主观看法，只有一般现在时；have to强调客观要求，有时态、人称和数的变化。如： My mother is ill. I have to look after her now. 妈妈病了，我得去照看她。
4.need作情态动词时，常用在否定和疑问句中，表示“需要；要”的意思。
如：Need we finish the work now？现在我们需要完成这项工作吗？
They needn ' t look after him. 他们不需要照顾他了。
拓展延伸need还可以用作行为动词，可以用于各种句型。如：
Does he need any help? 他需要帮助吗？
The desk needs repairing. 这张桌子需要修理。
5.shall 用于第一人称，表示说话人征求对方意见，过去式为should；will 用手第二人称的疑问句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求和建议，过去式为would。
如：Shall I go shopping with you？'我可以同你去购物吗？
I don't know what I should do next. 我不知道下一步该干什么。
Would you please come a little earlier？请你来早一点好吗?
6.情态动词had better的用法
(1)had better 后接动词原形，表劝告、建议，意为“最好”。“You'd better… ”含有强制命令的语气，对长辈不宜使用。
如：You'd better ask that policeman over there. 你最好问一下那边的那个警察。
(2)慎用had better! 注意以下四条：
①had better表达的是说话者强硬性的建议，告诫别人(包括自己)如何做。 如：Granny, the hospital is not very near. We'd better catch a bus. 奶奶，医院不是很近。我们最好坐公共汽车。
②had better不用于礼貌的请求或征询，它隐含一种警告或威胁。 如：You ' d better finish the work today and bring it tomorrow. 你最好今天就把作业完成，明天带来。
③had better意思接近should，但它除了表示语气强硬以外，还表示马上要去做的事情，比should更紧迫。 如：You’d better see a doctor at once. 你最好马上去看医生。
④had better不含比较的意思，该结构表示“It would be good to… ”，而不是“It would be better to…”。
二、系动词
系动词有实际意义，但不能单独做谓语，必须与表语一起构成句子的谓语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。 它分为完全系动词和不完全系动词。
1．完全系动词(be)可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、句子做表语。如： I'm a student. 我是个学生。(名词) He is fine. 他很好。(形容词) It is me. 是我。(代词) Are you there？你在那儿吗？(副词) She is at school. 她在学校读书。(介词短语) He is to come soon. 他过会儿该来了。(不定式) My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(动词的ing形式) My idea is that we will start now. 我的想法是我们现在就开始。(句子)
2．不完全系动词 (get，turn，feel，smell，look，sound，taste)一般只接形容词做表语。如：When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 Food may go bad soon if it is not put into a fridge.
食物如果不放进冰箱里就会很快变坏。 My brother became / turned a teacher after his graduation.
我哥哥毕业后就当上了老师。(注意become和turn的用法区别)
实战演练(2×50) 计分:
1. --Mary, ____ you speak Chinese? -- Yes, but only a little.
A. will B. can C. could
2. --Must I do the work now? -- No, you ____. You can do it later.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn’t
3. -- I can't stop smoking, doctor. -- For your health, I'm afraid you ____.
A. can B. need C. must
4. -- Whose book is it? -- It ____ be Bob's sister's. She is only a baby.
A. must B. mustn't C. can't
5. -- Jill looks so painful, there ____ be something wrong with her.
-- Oh, dear! We'd better take her to the hospital at once.
A. can B. should C. must
6. --Is Simon coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. may B. need C. must
7. -- May I try on the jeans? -- Yes, you ___.
A. should B. can C. must
8. -- Do you know any traffic rules?
-- A little. When the traffic lights are red, we ____ stop and wait.
A. may B. can C. must
9. I think schools ____ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.
A. would B. should C. could
10. -- Can I swim in the lake. Dad?
-- No, you ____. Haven't you seen the notice “No Swimming”?
A. may not B. mightn't C. mustn't
11. -- Are you going to Beijing by air?
-- It's fast but a little expensive. So I am not sure. I __ take it.
A. will B. may C. must
12. -- Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Of course you ____.
A. can B. will C. should
13. --Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. --No,____.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't
14. -- Will you please stay here for the party?
-- Sorry, I ____. I'll have to go to an important meeting.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
15. -- Must I tidy the room now?
-- No, you ____. You can do it after breakfast.
A. mustn’t B. need C. don't have to
16. -- You must come back every month. -- Yes, I ____.
A. will B. must C. should
17. -- Is this coat Jane's? -- It ____ be hers, but I'm not sure.
A. will B. may C. must
18. -- ____ we go and fly kites today? -- That's a good idea.
A. Should B. Must C. Shall
19. --ls your brother playing computer games, Ted?
-- He ___ do that because the computer doesn't work.
A. may not B. can't C. mustn't
20. -- I don't mind telling you what I have known.
-- You ___, and I am not asking you for it.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not
21. _____ you help me?
A.Will B.Shall C.Must
22. You ______watch TV if you’ve finished your homework.
A. can B. must C. need
23. I have seen lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____report it to the police?
A. should B. may C. will
24. -- Who is the girl standing over there?
-- Well, if you ______know, her name is Mary.
A. may B. can C. must
25. -- Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is?
-- It’s two blocks straight ahead. You _____miss it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t
26. -- Mom, there goes the bell.
-- Oh, it _____ Annie. I invited her to come for dinner.
A. can’t be B. must be C. may be
27. I’ll let you see the patient in an hour if you _____wait here.
A. will B. must C. can
28. Whoever can answer one of my questions ______get a prize.
A. would B. should C. will
29. Tom, you ______leave all your clothes on the floor like this.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t
30. It’s 7:50. You ____hurry, or you’ll be late.
A. might B. will C. had better
31. In spring, all the flowers in the garden _______ sweet.
A. taste B. smell C. become
32. She _______ like her mother in character.
A. is B. seems C. looks
33. In late autumn leaves _______ brown.
A. get B. turn C. come
34. Look! There _______ so many people here on vacation.
A. have B. are C. be
35. His classmate_______ a singer.
A. were B. grew C. has become
36. My job is ______ you math.
A. to teach B. teaches C. taught
37. How time flies! Three years _______ really a short time.
A. are B. is C. was
38. It sounds _______ a good idea.
A. as B. is C. like
39. Her temperature _______ to be all right.
A. seems B. sounds C. looks
40. His wish to become a driver has _______ true.
A. turned B. come C. been
41. Little Jim’s speech sounds _______.
A. friendly B. wonderfully C. nicely
42. When her mother came home yesterday, it was _______ dark.
A. going B. running C. getting
43. These apples taste _______.
A. to be good B. good C. well
44. -- How about the cloth you bought yesterday?
-- That’s very beautiful. It _______ so soft.
A. felt B. feels C. is feeling
45. When his brother telephoned him last night, he _______ asleep.
A. felt B. fell C. fall
46. The food will _______ bad easily in such hot weather.
A. go B. went C. turn
47. It _______ that he was late for the train.
A. looks B. says C.seems
48. What does your brother look _______?
A. like B. as C. after
49. The girl’s voice is so sweet and her songs _______ very beautiful.
A. taste B. look C. sound
50. What a lovely day! I hope it _______ fine.
A. stayed B. will stay C. will get
参考答案
1-5BCCCC 6-10ABCBC 11-15BABCC 16-20ABCBA 21-25AAACB
26-30BACBC 31-35BABBC 36-40ABCAB 41-45ACBBB 46-50ACACB
动词的分类
一、动词概述及分类
根据其句法功能，动词可以分为四大类，列表如下。
1、实义动词（行为动词）
及物动词 +宾语，构成主谓宾句型
+双宾语，构成主谓双宾句型
+复合宾语，构成主位复宾句型
不及物动词
2、连系动词 be, seem, look, sound, smell, turn, get, become等+表语，构成主系表句型
3、助动词 be +doing，构成进行时
+done，构成被动语态
have +done，构成完成时态
+been doing，构成完成进行时态
肯定式do（does，did）；
否定式：don’t（doesn’t，didn’t） 帮助行为动词的一般现在时、一般过去时构成疑问句；
帮助行为动词的一般现在时、一般过去时构成否定与
will, shall, should, would +动词原形构成将来时
4、情态动词 can, may, must, might, could等 后接动词原形一起构成谓语
二、实义动词及用法
实义动词也叫行为动词，是四类动词中唯一能独立作谓语的一类动词。根据其句法功能可以分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1、及物动词
及物动词本身意义不够完整，需要后接宾语才能使其意思完整。
1）动词+宾语，构成主谓宾句型。
例如：Could you please clean the blackboard? 请你擦黑板好吗？
We learn English every day. 我们每天学习英语。
2）动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语 / 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，构成主谓双宾句型。有的动词必须在后面带表示人的间接宾语和表示物的直接宾语，即两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
例如：Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语？
Please pass me the book.= Please pass the book to me.请把那本书递给我。
My mother bought me a snow globe on my birthday.
= My mother bought a snow globe for me on my birthday.
我过生日时我妈买给我一个雪球。
常见的带双宾语的动词有：pass, give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, cook, teach, tell, write, read, return, ask, show等。
3）动词+宾语+宾语补足语，构成主谓复宾句型。有的动词必须在宾语后再加上形容词、副词、名词、不定式、-ing形式、介词短语等做宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，句子意思才能够表达完整。
例如：Please keep the door open. 请让门开着。（形容词open做宾补）
I often see the children play in the park。我经常看见孩子们在公园里玩。（不带to的不定式play做宾补）.
You can call me Mrs Jones.你们可以称呼我琼斯夫人。（名词Mrs Jones做宾补）
动词see, hear, watch, make, let, have, notice, find等经常以动词不定式或-ing形式做宾补。
2、不及物动词
1）不及物动词自身意思完整，无需再接宾语。
例如：Horses run fast。马儿跑得快。
He sings well. 他唱得好。
2）很多不及物动词也可以用作及物动词，还有的不及物动词后带上某个介词就成了带宾语的及物动词。
例如：They are reading. 他们在朗读。（read为不及物动词）
They are reading English. 他们在朗读英语。（read为及物动词）
He is waiting at the bus stop.他在公交车站等。（wait为不及物动词）
He is waiting for me at the bus stop.他在公交车站等我。（wait for为及物动词，带me做宾语）
三、连系动词
连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和其后面的表语一起构成合成谓语，说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份。
常见的连系动词有be， become（变得、成为）， get（变得）， look（看起来），seem（似乎、好像），turn（变得），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸起来）等。除be以外的连系动词大多数时候是实义动词，他们用作连系动词时多数没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。
例如：He is angry.他生气了。
He got angry at the news.听到这个消息他生气了。
That sounds good.那听起来不错。
Trees turn green when spring comes.春天来临，树叶转绿。
China is getting stronger and stronger.中国正变得越来越强大。
四、助动词
助动词本身没有词义或意思不完整，不能单独作谓语。它们的主要作用是帮助构成时态、语态、疑问句或否定句等。
1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were）
1) be+doing（现在分词）, 构成进行时
例如：They are listening to music.他们在听音乐。（be的现在时形式帮助构成现在进行时）
They were walking down the street when the UFO landed.（be的过去时形式帮助构成过去进行时）
2）be+done（及物动词的过去分词）, 构成被动语态
例如：The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.电灯泡是由托马斯.爱迪生发明的。（be的过去时形式帮助构成过去时的被动语态）
The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天打扫。（be的现在时形式帮助构成现在时的被动语态）
The problem will be solved next week.这个问题将在下周得到解决。（be的将来时形式帮助构成将来时的被动语态）
2、have (has, had)
1）have/has/had+done（动词的过去分词），构成完成时态。
例如：They have already done their homework.他们已经完成作业。（have+过去分词构成现在完成时）
He hasn’t come yet.他还没有回来。（has+过去分词构成现在完成时）
The bus had gone when I got to the bus stop.我到达车站时公交车已经离开。（had+过去分词构成过去完成时）
2）have/has/had+been+doing（动词的现在分词），构成完成进行时态。
例如：How long have you been collecting shells?你收集贝壳有多长时间了？
He has been studying English since five years ago.他从5年前开始就一直在学习英语。
3、助动词do/ does/ did
助动词do/ does/ did主要帮助构成疑问句，也可用于倒装句、强调句或代替上文提到过的行为等。他们的否定式don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t帮助构成否定句。
例如：Does he often play sports after school?他经常放学后做运动吗？
We don’t speak Japanese.我们不说日语。
Did they visit the Palace Museum on their last day off?他们上个休息日参观故宫了吗？
She didn’t watch TV yesterday evening.她昨晚上没看电视。
4、助动词will, shall, would, should
助动词will, shall主要用于构成一般将来时，其中will可用于各人称，而shall一般只用于第一人称。would，should是will，shall的过去式，可以用于构成过去将来时，但很多时候被用作情态动词。
例如：There will be more trees and less pollution in the future.将来会有更多的树木，更少的污染。（帮助构成一般将来时）
Shall we go to the park on the weekend?我们周末去公园好吗？（一般将来时，用于提出建议）
They said they would come the next day.他们说他们第二天来。（帮助构成过去将来时）
Would you mind my turning down the radio?你介意我关小收音机吗？（用于礼貌地提出建议）
You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。（用于提供建议）
5、情态动词can, may, must, might, could等
情态动词具有一定的词义，用以表达说话人的态度或情感，必须和后面的实义动词一起构成合成谓语。（请详见专题七 情态动词）
实战演练(2×30) 计分:
1 Good news, boys! There is going to ______ a basketball match next week.
A. have B. has C. be
2 Kangkang hardly has lunch at school on Sunday, ________?
A. does he B. has he C. doesn’t he
3 You had a good time during the May Day holiday, _______ you?
A. hadn’t B. didn’t C. haven’t
4 ---She’s back from Australia, _________ she? ---Yes, she came back last night.
A. wasn’t B. hasn’t C. isn’t
5 Linda, please ______ these flowers ______ the classroom.
A. bring; in B. take; in C. take; to
6 ---Would you mind turning down the TV? ---________.
A. Yes, I would mind B. No, I didn’t C. No, not at all
7 ---How long _______ you _______ this TV set? ---For five years.
A. did; buy B. have; had C. were; buying
8 She has finished her homework, ________?
A. hasn’t she B. does she C. has she
9 This week, the weather___ to change every day: One day is hot, the next is cold.
A. seems B. looks C. sounds
10 I told my mother I wasn’t worried about my exam. But in fact, I _____.
A. did B. was C. have
11 ---When ______ your mother _______ you that blue dress , Mary?
---Sorry , I really can’t remember.
A. does; buy B has; bought C. did; buy
12 ---You seem to know much about the city. ---That’s true . I ____ it three times .
A. visited B. had visited C. have visited
13 Hi, Mr.Smith . I didn’t know you were in New York. How long ____ here ?
A. have you come B. were you C. have you been
14 Time goes by fast. We must never miss the chance to show love to our parents and make them ___how much they mean to us.
A. to know B. knowing C. know
15 ----It’s a secret between us . Don’t tell anybody ! ----- Sure,_____.
A I, do B I, won’t C I will
16 ---Excuse me. You shouldn’t smoke here. Look at the sign “NO SMOKING HERE”.
---Sorry, I ________ it.
A. doesn’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see
17 There _______ a lot of changes here since 1980.
A. have been B. have had C. will be
18 The car doesn’t work. What ______ we _______?
A. do; do B. are; doing C. shall; do
19 I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _______ good to lie in the sun or swim in the water.
A. does B. feels C. gets
20 He told me he ______ care of my child while I ______ away.
A. will take; am B. took; was C. would take; was
21 Jean wants to go to China but she ______ money.
A. doesn’t have B. doesn’t have no C. does have
22 In our school library there ______ a number of books on science and the number of them _______ growing larger and larger.
A. is; are B. are; is C. has; is
23 Will you please ______ me your math book this afternoon?
A. lending B. lend C. to lend
24 ---Do you plant trees in spring? ---Yes. Many trees _______ in our city every year.
A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted
25 Now Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It ____ in many schools around the world.
A. teaches B. is teaching C. is taught
26 ---Do you know the Winter Olympic Games?
---Sure. Once the Winter Olympics _______ the White Olympics.
A. call B. called C. was called
27 Children should _____ not to break the traffic rules.
A. tell B. be telling C. be told
28 ---What’s wrong with you, Sandy? You look so worried.
---My pet cat _______ by a car this afternoon. And it is in hospital now.
A. is hit B. was hit C. hit
29 ---Mum, can I go skating now? ---Well, you may go after your homework_______.
A. has finished B. will finish C. is finished
30 We are often told ______ at people who are in trouble.
A. not to smile B. to smile C. not to laugh
1-5 CABBC 6-10 CBAAB 11-15 CCCCB 16-20 CACBC
21-25 ABBBC 26-30 CCBCC
专题七 情态动词、系动词
在英语中，表示主语动作或状态的词就叫做动词。根据动词的意义及在句子中的作用，可将动词分为实义动词(v)、系动词(link-v)、情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(v. aux)四种类型。
下面我们就来看看情态动词和系动词的具体用法。
一、情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，要和动词原形一起构成谓语，表说话人的语气和态度。它没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：
1. can表示能力，有“能”“会”的意思；表示可能性，多用在否定或疑问句中；表示请求和许可。
如：The parrot can speak three languages. 这只鹦鹉能讲三种语言。
Can I borrow the book from the library？我可以从图书棺借这本书吗？
Shanghai can be very cold in March. 上海三月份可能会很冷。
拓展延伸can还有过去式could 可表“能，会”，又可以和be able to替换，而be able to有 更多时态。 如：
He could swim when he was four. =He was able to swim when he was four. 他四岁时就会游泳。 在一般疑问句中，can/could 常用来表示请求或征求对方意见，用could 比用can语气更加委婉和客气。类似用法的还有Will /Would you (please)…等句型。
如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告诉我怎样到邮局吗？ Would you please turn up the radio？请你把收音机开大点，好吗？
2.may表示“许可”时，相当于can，其否定回答用can’t/mustn’t；表推测时，常用在肯定句中，表“可能”。
如：-May I borrow your ruler？我可以借用您的直尺吗？
-No, you can't /mustn't. 不行。
She may be a teacher. 她可能是一名教师。
拓展延伸may可表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 祝你成功!
3.must表示“必须；必要”，以“must”开头的一般疑问句其肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“needn't”或“don't have to”。 must表推测时，常用在肯定句中，是“一定”的意思，其否定形式mustn ' t表“禁止”的意思。
如：-Must I leave now？现在我必须离开吗？
-No，you needn't /you don't have to. 没有必要。
This book must be Lucy's . Look! Her name is on the book cover. 这本书是露西的。看！封面上还有她的名字。
You mustn't draw on the wall. 你不准在墙上画画。
拓展延伸must表示说话人的主观看法，只有一般现在时；have to强调客观要求，有时态、人称和数的变化。如： My mother is ill. I have to look after her now. 妈妈病了，我得去照看她。
4.need作情态动词时，常用在否定和疑问句中，表示“需要；要”的意思。
如：Need we finish the work now？现在我们需要完成这项工作吗？
They needn ' t look after him. 他们不需要照顾他了。
拓展延伸need还可以用作行为动词，可以用于各种句型。如：
Does he need any help? 他需要帮助吗？
The desk needs repairing. 这张桌子需要修理。
5.shall 用于第一人称，表示说话人征求对方意见，过去式为should；will 用手第二人称的疑问句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求和建议，过去式为would。
如：Shall I go shopping with you？'我可以同你去购物吗？
I don't know what I should do next. 我不知道下一步该干什么。
Would you please come a little earlier？请你来早一点好吗?
6.情态动词had better的用法
(1)had better 后接动词原形，表劝告、建议，意为“最好”。“You'd better… ”含有强制命令的语气，对长辈不宜使用。
如：You'd better ask that policeman over there. 你最好问一下那边的那个警察。
(2)慎用had better! 注意以下四条：
①had better表达的是说话者强硬性的建议，告诫别人(包括自己)如何做。 如：Granny, the hospital is not very near. We'd better catch a bus. 奶奶，医院不是很近。我们最好坐公共汽车。
②had better不用于礼貌的请求或征询，它隐含一种警告或威胁。 如：You ' d better finish the work today and bring it tomorrow. 你最好今天就把作业完成，明天带来。
③had better意思接近should，但它除了表示语气强硬以外，还表示马上要去做的事情，比should更紧迫。 如：You’d better see a doctor at once. 你最好马上去看医生。
④had better不含比较的意思，该结构表示“It would be good to… ”，而不是“It would be better to…”。
二、系动词
系动词有实际意义，但不能单独做谓语，必须与表语一起构成句子的谓语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。 它分为完全系动词和不完全系动词。
1．完全系动词(be)可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、句子做表语。如： I'm a student. 我是个学生。(名词) He is fine. 他很好。(形容词) It is me. 是我。(代词) Are you there？你在那儿吗？(副词) She is at school. 她在学校读书。(介词短语) He is to come soon. 他过会儿该来了。(不定式) My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(动词的ing形式) My idea is that we will start now. 我的想法是我们现在就开始。(句子)
2．不完全系动词 (get，turn，feel，smell，look，sound，taste)一般只接形容词做表语。如：When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 Food may go bad soon if it is not put into a fridge.
食物如果不放进冰箱里就会很快变坏。 My brother became / turned a teacher after his graduation.
我哥哥毕业后就当上了老师。(注意become和turn的用法区别)
实战演练(2×50) 计分:
1. --Mary, ____ you speak Chinese? -- Yes, but only a little.
A. will B. can C. could
2. --Must I do the work now? -- No, you ____. You can do it later.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn’t
3. -- I can't stop smoking, doctor. -- For your health, I'm afraid you ____.
A. can B. need C. must
4. -- Whose book is it? -- It ____ be Bob's sister's. She is only a baby.
A. must B. mustn't C. can't
5. -- Jill looks so painful, there ____ be something wrong with her.
-- Oh, dear! We'd better take her to the hospital at once.
A. can B. should C. must
6. --Is Simon coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. may B. need C. must
7. -- May I try on the jeans? -- Yes, you ___.
A. should B. can C. must
8. -- Do you know any traffic rules?
-- A little. When the traffic lights are red, we ____ stop and wait.
A. may B. can C. must
9. I think schools ____ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.
A. would B. should C. could
10. -- Can I swim in the lake. Dad?
-- No, you ____. Haven't you seen the notice “No Swimming”?
A. may not B. mightn't C. mustn't
11. -- Are you going to Beijing by air?
-- It's fast but a little expensive. So I am not sure. I __ take it.
A. will B. may C. must
12. -- Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Of course you ____.
A. can B. will C. should
13. --Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. --No,____.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't
14. -- Will you please stay here for the party?
-- Sorry, I ____. I'll have to go to an important meeting.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
15. -- Must I tidy the room now?
-- No, you ____. You can do it after breakfast.
A. mustn’t B. need C. don't have to
16. -- You must come back every month. -- Yes, I ____.
A. will B. must C. should
17. -- Is this coat Jane's? -- It ____ be hers, but I'm not sure.
A. will B. may C. must
18. -- ____ we go and fly kites today? -- That's a good idea.
A. Should B. Must C. Shall
19. --ls your brother playing computer games, Ted?
-- He ___ do that because the computer doesn't work.
A. may not B. can't C. mustn't
20. -- I don't mind telling you what I have known.
-- You ___, and I am not asking you for it.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not
21. _____ you help me?
A.Will B.Shall C.Must
22. You ______watch TV if you’ve finished your homework.
A. can B. must C. need
23. I have seen lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____report it to the police?
A. should B. may C. will
24. -- Who is the girl standing over there?
-- Well, if you ______know, her name is Mary.
A. may B. can C. must
25. -- Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is?
-- It’s two blocks straight ahead. You _____miss it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t
26. -- Mom, there goes the bell.
-- Oh, it _____ Annie. I invited her to come for dinner.
A. can’t be B. must be C. may be
27. I’ll let you see the patient in an hour if you _____wait here.
A. will B. must C. can
28. Whoever can answer one of my questions ______get a prize.
A. would B. should C. will
29. Tom, you ______leave all your clothes on the floor like this.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t
30. It’s 7:50. You ____hurry, or you’ll be late.
A. might B. will C. had better
31. In spring, all the flowers in the garden _______ sweet.
A. taste B. smell C. become
32. She _______ like her mother in character.
A. is B. seems C. looks
33. In late autumn leaves _______ brown.
A. get B. turn C. come
34. Look! There _______ so many people here on vacation.
A. have B. are C. be
35. His classmate_______ a singer.
A. were B. grew C. has become
36. My job is ______ you math.
A. to teach B. teaches C. taught
37. How time flies! Three years _______ really a short time.
A. are B. is C. was
38. It sounds _______ a good idea.
A. as B. is C. like
39. Her temperature _______ to be all right.
A. seems B. sounds C. looks
40. His wish to become a driver has _______ true.
A. turned B. come C. been
41. Little Jim’s speech sounds _______.
A. friendly B. wonderfully C. nicely
42. When her mother came home yesterday, it was _______ dark.
A. going B. running C. getting
43. These apples taste _______.
A. to be good B. good C. well
44. -- How about the cloth you bought yesterday?
-- That’s very beautiful. It _______ so soft.
A. felt B. feels C. is feeling
45. When his brother telephoned him last night, he _______ asleep.
A. felt B. fell C. fall
46. The food will _______ bad easily in such hot weather.
A. go B. went C. turn
47. It _______ that he was late for the train.
A. looks B. says C.seems
48. What does your brother look _______?
A. like B. as C. after
49. The girl’s voice is so sweet and her songs _______ very beautiful.
A. taste B. look C. sound
50. What a lovely day! I hope it _______ fine.
A. stayed B. will stay C. will get
参考答案
1-5BCCCC 6-10ABCBC 11-15BABCC 16-20ABCBA 21-25AAACB
26-30BACBC 31-35BABBC 36-40ABCAB 41-45ACBBB 46-50ACACB
