必修5&选修6Unit 1 Great Scientists优质导学案

Unit1（拔高）

精讲

年级：高一年级       科目：英语      类型：同步

必修五Unit 1          

[词 汇 精 解]

1 conclude vt.&vi.断定；推断；使结束，终止；达成；缔结

(教材原句)Draw a conclusion 得出结论

(1)conclude推断出，断定

(2)conclusion n. 结束，结论    in conclusion 最后，总之

arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论

come to a conclusion that...所以结论是……

①Let me conclude my speech with a saying：where there is a will，there is a way.

  让我用一句谚语结束我的演讲：有志者，事竟成。

②I will say，________________，that it is an honor to be the speaker at this meeting.

  最后，我要说我很荣幸能在这次会议上讲话。

③We________________________________that he was against our plan.

  我们得出结论他反对我们的计划。

2 attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加

(教材原句)John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人医生。

attend to sb/sth 专心，留意，倾听某人/某事，处理，对付，照料，关怀

attend sb to＋地点　陪伴某人去某地   attend on/upon sb照料，服侍某人

①He is very famous in this field，and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.

  他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的粉丝听他的讲座。

②Jane ________________her sick mother of years.简多年来一直照顾她有病的母亲。

③Excuse me，but I have an urgent matter________________.对不起，我有件急事要办。

④You ________________your work.你必须专心于你的工作。

3 cure n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗

(教材原句)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病因，也不了解它的治疗方法。

a cure for... 针对……的治疗(法)    cure sb/a disease 治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病

cure sb of sth 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等

①Throughout the rest of her life，the artist had many operations，but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.

 在她的后半生，这位艺术家进行了许多次手术，但是没有任何办法能治愈她严重的背痛。

②Besides，empathy can be a cure for loneliness，sadness，anxiety，and fear.

 此外，感情的共鸣可以成为治疗孤独、悲伤、焦虑和恐惧的有效良药。

词语辨析　

【一句辨异】

After he was treated by the famous doctor，his wound healed soon and he was said to be cured in a week.

③They claimed to have discovered ________________the disease.

 他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。

④Parents try to______________bad habits but most of them fail.

 父母试图改掉孩子的恶习但大多数都失败了。

4 absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入；并吞

(教材原句)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内。

(1)absorb one's attention吸引某人注意

(2)absorbed adj. 聚精会神的；专心致志的，极感兴趣的

be absorbed by/into 被……吞并，被……所吸收   be absorbed in 全神贯注于

①I was so absorbed in this book that I didn't hear you come in.

  我正入神地看这本书，连你进来也没听见。

②You could tell he ________________ his conversation，not paying much attention to the road.

  可以看出，他当时光顾着说话而没有注意到路上的情况。

③I keep the lesson simple because small kids ________________.

  我把课讲得很简单，因为小孩子理解不了那么多。

5 blame  vt.责备；谴责；归咎于n.过失；责备

(教材原句)It seemed that the water was to blame.

看来(霍乱的流行)要归罪于水了。

(1)blame sb for(doing) sth因(做)某事而责备某人   blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人

be to blame(for...)应承担责任；该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)

(2)accept/bear/take the blame for... 对某事负责；承担责任

put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把某事的责任推到某人身上

①Many children are afraid of being blamed for failing the exam.

  许多孩子害怕因考试不及格而受责备。

②Don't always________________(把自己的失败归咎于他人). Sometimes, you  yourself________________(该受责备)．

③She didn't ____________________(把她父亲的死归咎于任何人)．

6 contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助

(1)contribute...to... 为……捐献……；投稿

 contribute to(to为介词)有助于；促进；导致；对……作贡献

(2)contribution n．贡献，捐献

  make a contribution/contributions to/towards... 为……作贡献

语境巧记

Many people ______ money ________ the poor girl，which ______her returning to school.A reporter wrote a story about it and ________ it ______a newspaper.

许多人给这位家境贫寒的女孩捐款，这使她重新回到学校。一位记者写了一篇此事的报道，并把它投到了报社。

①We hope your suggestion ______________.我们希望你的建议有助于解决问题。

②Everyone is willing to ____________________the homeless people.

  每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。

7 put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨

put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出     put away 放好；积蓄

put off 延期；推迟        put out 熄灭；生产

put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿    put up with 容忍；忍受

put through 接通电话；完成；使经受

①It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better one is put forward，we'll make do with it.

这可能并不是一个好的建议。但是在提出更好的建议前，我们先勉强采纳它。

②They have _____________the date of their wedding by one week.他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。

③Believing my novel could not be published，I________________.

  我认为我的小说不会出版，就把它放到了一边。

④I'm not going to ________________in the office any longer.

  我再也不能容忍他们在办公室抽烟了。

8 make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通

(教材原句)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

(1)make sense of 理解；明白     make no sense 没道理；没意义

(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说  in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)

common sense 常识

(3)There is no/little sense in doing sth 做某事没道理

①It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.

  在失控前致力解决这个问题，这么做是明智的。

②The lectures offer students the chance to“make sense”of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening.

  这些讲座让学生有机会理解似乎让人恐惧的数学知识。

③Planning so far ahead__________________—so many things will have changed by next year.

  提前这么久做计划没有意义——到第二年许多事情都会发生变化。

④As far as  I'm concerned，__________________getting upset about it now.

  就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。

[句 式 诠 释]

1 every time...每次/每当……，引导时间状语从句

(教材原句)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。

(1)作连词，引导时间状语从句的名词短语有：

every time，each time，any time，next time，the first time，the moment，the instant，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。

(2)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately等也可引导状语从句。

(3)关联从属连词no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely/barely...when等也能引导时间状语从句。如果no sooner，hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首，从句要用倒装语序。

①Every time we see someone else do something，our brains imitate it.

  每当我们看到别人做某件事情时，我们的大脑就会模仿。

②She let out a cry __________________ she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就叫了起来。

③I think of the happy hours we spent together____________________.

每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们在一起度过的美好时光。

2 only if...只有……，引导条件状语从句

(教材原句)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

(1)only if只有，只要，引导的状语从句在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

(2)if only但愿，要是……就好了，引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望。①Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.

到了那时她才意识到造成的损失有多大。

②Only_______________ it in so short a time.只有用这种办法你才能在这么短的时间内完成它。

③Only__________________he be noticed. 只有靠大声呼叫和晃动手臂才能使人注意到他。

精练

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with  important points.

A．conclude    B．lead   C．avoid    D．hold

2．In some languages，100 words make up half of all words ________in daily conversations.

A.using    B．to use   C．having used    D．used

3．The Browns sent lots of invitations for their party.But because of the improper time，few  people________it.

A．attended    B．accepted   C．received    D．took part in

4．Mary tried every means to________her child________the bad habit，but failed.

A．cure；from   B．treat；from  C．cure；of   D．treat；of

5．When I entered the room，I found my father________in the sofa and________in a magazine.

A．seated；absorbed  B．sit；absorb C．sitting；absorbing  D．sat；absorbed

6．It was the boy，rather than his teachers，that________ for what  the boy had done.

A．were to blame  B．were to blamed C．was to blame  D．was to be blamed

7．To be honest，my carelessness________a lot to my failure.

A．contributed    B．donated   C．provided    D．offered

8．Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can________almost every  word her teacher says.

A．put out    B．put down  C．put away    D．put together

9．At the last moment，Tom decided to ________a new character to make the  story seem more likely.

A．put up   B．put in  C．put on    D．put off

10．—Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?

—________，does it?

A．It takes no time      B．It counts for nothing

C．It doesn't hurt to ask     D．It doesn't make sense

11．—Can you________what the article says?

—No，it doesn't________．

A．make sense of；make sense    B．make sense；make sense of

C．make sense；make sense     D．make sense of；make sense of

12．The headmaster has promised us that we shall get  informed________the results of the exam come out.

A．in case   B．every time  C．ever since    D．the minute

13．—I didn't invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely  drunk.

—________he hadn't come！The party could have been a success.

A．How come   B．Only if   C．What if    D．If only

14．It was announced that only when the fire was under control________to return to their  homes.

A．the residents would be permitted   B．had the residents been permitted

C．would the residents be permitted   D．the residents had been permitted

 Ⅱ.课文语法填空

 John Snow, a well-known doctor in London, became _______(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who _________(expose) to cholera, a______(die) disease of its day. Many thousands of people died _________ there was an outbreak because no one knew the cause of it. John wanted to help solve the problem.

He got interested in two theories __________(explain) how cholera killed people. He believed in the second theory ________suggested that people _________(absorb) the disease with their meals. In 1854, when another ________ hit London, he was ready to test the two theories. _________ the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was __________(blame).

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．She was praised ____________________her sick mother－in－law for over thirty years.

她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。

2．They know they have their weaknesses，yet ____________________when they fail.

他们知道他们有自己的弱点，但是当他们失败的时候他们不会责怪自己。

3．He________________________and didn't even look up when I came in.

他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。

4．Only if you believe in yourself and work hard____________________．

只有你相信自己并且努力工作才能实现目标。

5．He always brings us pretty gifts__________________．

他每次来看望我们都给我们带来精美的礼物。

Ⅳ.应用文提高

　假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：

参加英语角的益处；(2)坚持写英语日记的作用；(3)英文阅读网站(EnjoyReading)对你的

帮助

注意：(1)词数：80-100；(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

基础词汇

1．__________ v．练习      2．__________ v.  预习

3．_________ v.  领悟；实现     4．___________ v.  交流

5．__________v.  翻译      6．____________ n.  字典

7．__________ n.  词组；表达     8．___________n.  会话；谈话

9．___________adj.  流利的；流畅的   10．__________  背诵……

11．____________  查字典         12．______________取得进步

13．____________  偶然碰到

提分句型

1．_________________________________________________

你读的越多，你的英语就会越好。

2．_____________________________________________与其它方法相比，这种方法更实用。

3．______________________________________________________________

我们应该习惯于每天早上早起读英语。

4．____________________________________________________

尽可能经常练习，这样你就可以取得进步。

5．________________________________________________________

我写信来祝贺你在英语口语比赛中得了第一名。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Keys :

[词 汇 精 解]

1　②in conclusion　③came to/arrived at/reached the conclusion

2　②has attended on　③to attend to　④must attend to

3　③a cure for　④cure their children of

4　②was absorbed in　③can't absorb that much

5　②blame your own failure on others；are to blame　③blame her father's death on anyone

6语境巧记 contributed；to；contributed to；contributed；to

  ①will contribute to solving the problem  ②contribute food and clothes to

7　②put forward　③put it aside　④put up with their smoking

8　③makes no sense　④there is no sense in

[句 式 诠 释]

1　②the moment　③every time I see these photos

2　②in this way can you finish　③by shouting and waving his hands could

[对 点 题 组]

Ⅰ.单项填空

1　A　[句意为：当小组讨论接近尾声时，要确保得出重要结论。conclude下结论，符合题意。lead 引导；avoid避免；hold举行，故选A项。]

2　D　[考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些语言中，100个单词构成日常会话中所使用单词的一半。used为过去分词，在句中作定语修饰words。]

3　A　[横线后面的it起着关键性的作用，它代替的应该是party，而不能是复数名词invitations，所以使用attend，表示“参加宴会”。]

4　C　[cure sb of sth“矫正某人的行为”。]

5　A　[句意：当我走进房间时发现父亲坐在沙发上专心地读杂志。seated为过去分词，表示状态；absorb与father之间是被动关系，即父亲被杂志所吸引，故用过去分词。]

6　C　[be to blame“应该受到责备”，此句为强调句型，rather than his teachers为插入语，谓语动词与the boy一致。]

7　A　[句意：说实话，我的失败主要是因为我的粗心大意。contribute to导致。donate捐献；provide提供；offer(主动)提供。]

8　B　[考查动词短语辨析。后句句意：她几乎能把老师说的每句话都记下来。put down“写下；记下”，符合语境。]

9　B　[句意：在最后一刻，汤姆决定增加一个新人物，以使故事更可信。A项“建造；举起”；B项“把……写进，放入”；C项“上演，穿上”；D项“推迟，拖延”。]

10　C　[考查交际用语。句意：——你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个项目吗？——问一下也无妨，不是吗？It doesn't hurt to ask意为“又不是不能问；问一下也无妨”。It takes no time意为“这不花时间”；It counts for nothing意为“这不算什么”；It doesn't make sense意为“没有意义；讲不通”。]

11　A　[make sense of“理解；弄明白”；make sense“讲得通；有意义”。由题意可知A项正确。]

12　D　[考查连词用法。句意：校长向我们承诺，考试结果一出来就通知我们。此处the minute相当于连词，意思是“一……就……”。]

13　D　[由上下文语境可看出，空格处表示对过去动作的虚拟，if only要是……就好了。后句意为：要是他没来就好了！聚会本来会很成功。A项，怎么会；B项，只要；C项，倘若……将会怎样。]

14　C　[句意：据宣称只有当火势得到了控制的时候，居民们才可以返回家中。only＋when从句引导的句子，其主句该用倒装。故排除A、D。又因the residents被允许回家是在the fire得到控制之后，故用过去将来时。]

II.课文语法填空

1.inspired  2. were exposed  3. deadly  4. when  5.explaining 6.which 7. absorbed  8. one 9,Whth 10. to blame

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.for having attended on/upon    2．they don't blame themselves

3．was absorbed in writing a letter   4．can you achieve your goal

5．every time he comes to visit us

Ⅳ.应用文提高

1．The more you read，the better your English will be.

2．Compared with/to other methods，this one is more practical. 3．We should make it a rule to get up early and read English every morning.

4．Practise as often as possible，and you will make progress. 5．I write to congratulate you upon getting a first in the oral English contest.

How to Learn English Well

My name is Li Hua，a student from Xin Hua Middle School. I got the first place in the English contest held by our school not long ago①. Here I'd like to share my experience in learning English with you.

First of all，attending English corners is of great help to improve my oral English，so whenever there is an opportunity，I'll grasp it. Secondly，I keep writing English diaries，which enables me to express what happens in daily life and in this way I can practise my written English. Thirdly，I also surf EnjoyReading on the Internet. As we all know, we need extensive reading to enlarge our vision，so we'd better develop a good habit of reading English materials every day.

Of course，Rome was not built in a day. Only when we stick to what we have decided to do will we achieve a goal②.