还剩16页未读，
继续阅读
2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习人教全国版讲义：选修6Unit3Ahealthylife
展开
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．cigarette n． 香烟；纸烟
2．adolescentn. 青少年
adj.[纵联1] 青春期的
3．adolescence n. 青春期
[纵联2] 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
5．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
6．packet n. 小包；小盒
7．comprehension n. 理解(力)
8．etc (et cetera) adv. 诸如此类的事物；等等
9．appendix n. 附录；附件
10．pill n. 药丸；药片
11．fluid n. 流体；液体
12．needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
13．abortion n. 流产；中途失败
14．cigar n. 雪茄烟
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．abuse n．&vt. 滥用；虐待
2．ban vt.
n. [纵联3]
3．due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
4．tough adj. 困难的；强硬的
5．quit_ vt. 停止(做某事)；离开
6．effect n. 结果；效力；影响
7．withdrawal_ n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
8．lung n. 肺
9．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
10．desperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的
11．male_ adj. 男性的；雄性的
n. 男人；雄性动(植)物
12．female_ adj. 女性的；雌性的
n. 雌性的动(植)物；女人
13．prejudice n. 偏见；成见
14．judgement n. 看法；判决；判断
15．embarrassed_ adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
16．awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．stress n．压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
2．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addiction n．上瘾；沉溺；嗜好→addict vt.使上瘾 n．有瘾的人
3．breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breath n．呼吸→breathe v．呼吸
4．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
5．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
6．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上
7．unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的→fit adj.健康的；合适的→fitness n．健康[纵联4]
8．strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strength n．力气；力量；强项→strong adj.强壮的；结实的
9．chemist n．药剂师；化学家→chemical adj.化学的 n．化学制品→chemistry n．化学
10．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
11．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n．羞耻；羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的
12．weaken vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱 vt.(使)变弱→weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n．弱点
13．illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legal adj.合法的
14．survival n．幸存→survive v．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
15．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.酒精的
纵联1.人生历程
①婴儿：baby
②小孩：kid/child
③青少年：youth/teenager/adolescent
④成人：adult
⑤中年人：a middleaged person
⑥老年人：senior citizen/the elderly/the aged
纵联2.性格多变，让人难以捉摸
①badtempered 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
②sweettempered 性情温和的
③kindhearted 好心的
④openminded 虚心的
⑤easygoing 随和的
⑥outgoing 外向的
⑦strongwilled 意志坚强的
⑧welleducated 受过良好教育的
⑨narrowminded 心胸狭窄的
纵联3.“禁止与允许”家族
①禁止：ban, forbid, prohibit
②允许：allow, permit, let
纵联4.否定前缀un高频形容词一览
①unfit不合适的 ②unfair不公平的
③unusual不寻常的 ④unfriendly不友好的
⑤unfortunate不幸的 ⑥uncomfortable不舒服的
⑦unimportant不重要的 ⑧uncertain不确定的
单元话题——健康生活
子话题1 疾病与残疾
①disease/illness/sickness n． 病；疾病
②stroke n．中风 ③depression n．抑郁症
④heart attack心脏病 ⑤dizziness n．头晕
⑥disabled adj.残疾的 ⑦blind adj.瞎的
⑧infective adj. 有传染性的
子话题2 病因
①bacterium n．细菌 ②virus n．病毒
③unhealthy adj.不健康的 ④poisonous adj.有毒的；致命的
⑤break down(身体)垮掉 ⑥be infected with传染上
子话题3 药物与救护
①drug n. 药；药物 ②capsule n. (药)胶囊
③herb n．草药 ④tablet n．药片
⑤prescription n．处方 ⑥ward n．病房
⑦free medical service 公费医疗
⑧be under medical treatment 在治疗中
⑨relieve the pain 减轻痛苦
⑩operate on sb. 给某人动手术
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2014·浙江高考阅读C)Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental❶ capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forestbathe”， taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative __❷__ (effect) of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office — even simple views of trees and flowers — felt their jobs were less __❸__ (stress) and more satisfying.
①写出mental在句中的含义：精神的；“身心健康”表达为physical_and_mental_health
②用effect的适当形式填空：effects
③用stress的适当形式填空：stressful
2．(2011·湖南高考阅读B)He was judged unfit❶ to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a __❷__ (weaken) heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.
①选出加彩词在句中的含义：__B__
A．不健康的 B．不合适的
②用weaken的适当形式填空：weak，此处表示“心脏衰竭”
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词补全句子)
1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)我们急切需要你的帮助，因此作为领队，我真诚地邀请你加入。(desperate)
We are_desperately_in_need_of_your_help. So as the group leader, I sincerely invite you to join us.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我想强调的是，你能从剪纸中获得许多乐趣。(stress)
What_I_want_to_stress_is_that you can have a lot of fun.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．stress n．重压；逼迫；压力；重音；强调重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读；强调
[记牢]
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物的重要性
(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)
stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)
[练通]
单句语法填空
①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be badtempered and get angry easily.
②Cooperation or teamwork, the importance of which is_stressed (stress), plays an important part in football matches.
③It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society.
④Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
一句多译
他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
⑤He_stressed_the_importance_of_a_good_education. (stress v．)
⑥He_laid/put_stress_on_a_good_education. (stress n．)
[写美] 翻译句子
⑦(2018·天津高考书面表达)我想强调的是我们小组目前正在招纳新队员。
What_I_want_to_stress_is_that_our_group_is_looking_for_new_members_right_now._
2．due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的；应付的；应有的
[辨清] 写出下列句中due的含义
①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.欠款的
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预定的
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④When it comes to giving due respect to the old people, she feels a bit uneasy.应有的
[记牢]
due to 由于；因为；归因于
be due to do sth. 预定做某事
be due to sb. 应付给/给予某人
be due for sth. 应用某物；应得到某物
[练通] 单句语法填空
⑤A great deal of money is due_to you; please give me your bank account.
⑥It is said that the spaceship is due to_arrive (arrive) three days later.
[写美] 补全句子
⑦由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
Mistakes due_to_carelessness may have serious consequences.
3．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
[记牢]
(1)be/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(2)addict oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(3)addiction n. 上瘾；沉溺；嗜好
addiction to ……瘾
(4)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Many kids are addicted to surfing (surf) the Net, so they have lost interest in study.
②Many kids addict themselves to surfing the Net, so they have lost interest in study.
③I discovered an addiction (addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
句型转换(把练习①②改成分词短语作状语)
④Addicted_to_surfing_the_Net,_many_kids_have_lost_interest_in_study.
⑤Addicting_themselves_to_surfing_the_Net,_many_kids_have_lost_interest_in_study.
[用准] “addict; addicted; addiction”等在表示“沉迷于/热衷于……”时，都和介词to连用。
[写美] 补全句子
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)得知你沉迷于乒乓球，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。
Learning that you_are_addicted_to_table_tennis,_I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
4．accustomed adj.经常的；惯常的；习惯了的
[记牢]
(1)be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
＝be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
[练通]
同义替换
①I am used (＝accustomed) to getting up early and taking an hour's walk before breakfast.
单句语法填空
②Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
③Accustoming himself to living (live) in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
[写美] 翻译句子
④他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围(strong academic atmosphere)和丰富多彩的活动。
He_quickly_got_accustomed/accustomed_himself_to_the_strong_academic_atmosphere_and_colorful_activities_in_the_college.
5．effect n．结果；效力；影响
[记牢]
(1)side effect 副作用
come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put ... into effect 实施；使……生效/ 起作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on/upon the children.
②It won't be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
③One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
补全句子
④The agreement signed between the two companies last week will_come_into/take_effect soon.
两家公司在上周签订的这份协议将很快生效。
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)我介绍了制茶的历史，这对帮助他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。
I introduced the history of teamaking, which_has_a_great_effect_on_them_to_help better understand our teadrinking culture.
6．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
[记牢]
(1)be/feel ashamed of ... 对……感到惭愧/羞耻
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 惭愧；羞耻；羞愧
it's a shame/pity＝what a shame/pity 真可惜
It's a shame/pity that ... 真遗憾……
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The parents felt ashamed of their son when he was dismissed by the boss.
②It is shameful (shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
③It's a shame that a good student should do something like that.
一句多译
在课堂上，学生们不应该耻于向老师问问题。
④In class, students should not be_ashamed_of_asking_the_teacher_questions.
⑤In class, students should not be_ashamed_to_ask_the_teacher_questions.
[写美] 补全句子
⑥读了上面如此多的妈妈们的抱怨，我感到羞愧和内疚。
Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I feel ashamed and guilty.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Having abused (滥用) his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, he is now under investigation.
2．The project is due (到期的) next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
3．Typically, the preferred sleep cycle is delayed in adolescents(青少年), which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.
4．The virus (病毒) has infected the operating system of his computer.
5．With the debt problem worsening, it is going to be a tough (艰难的) test for EU to help the country out of trouble.
6．The woman tried desperately (拼命地)to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
7．The shy girl felt awkward (局促不安的) and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher's questions.
8．This is a hospital for those people who suffer mental (精神的) diseases.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Being_addicted (addict) to computer games can be harmful to you in many ways.
2．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it's hard and stressful (stress)．
3．It's reported that passengers are banned from eating and drinking on subway trains.
4．Professor Smith is due to_give (give) us a lecture at eight tomorrow morning.
5．After living there for one year, they have been accustomed to working (work) there.
6．I was once ashamed to_admit (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
7．Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective (effect) ways to improve our English.
8．I was disappointed to_see (see) what had happened.
9．Doing some exercise earlier in the day should make you feel physically as well as mentally (mental) tired.
10．Just quit complaining (complain). What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Fathers have an enormous effect to their children's personalities and chances of marital happiness.to→on
2．The exercises are designed to strength your stomach muscles.strength→strengthen
3．I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.disappointing→disappointed
4．If a person is in the desert and has no water with him, he will get desperately. desperately→desperate
5．After seeing your ad, I think your sixweek English course is very fit to me. to→for
6．When he was abroad, he began to take drugs and became addicting to drugs.addicting→addicted
7．Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those toughly times.toughly→tough
8．Accustomed to get up early, it was not difficult for him to adjust to the new schedule.get→getting
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．英语老师强调了学好英语的重要性。(stress)
The English teacher stressed_the_importance_of_learning_English_well.
2．在这些地方禁止停车。(ban)
People are_banned_from_parking in these places.
3．布莱克先生由于身体不佳而退出政治(生涯)。(due)
Mr Black dropped out of politics due_to_poor_health.
4．他醉心于拉小提琴，没有注意到小偷进屋。(addicted)
Addicted_to_playing_the_violin,_he didn't notice a thief walk into his house.
5．我习惯了早起进行晨练。(accustomed)
I am_accustomed_to_getting_up_early_for exercise.
(一)课前自主学习
1．due_to [串记1] 由于……；因为
2．addicted_to 对……有瘾
3．accustomed_to 习惯于……
4．decide_on 对……作出决定
5．feel_like_(doing) 想要(做)……
6．in_spite_of 不顾；不管；尽管
7．take_risks_(a_risk) 冒险
8．get_into [串记2] 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
9．at_risk [串记3] 处境危险；遭受危险
10．out_of_breath 上气不接下气
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“因为；由于”短语荟萃
①due to由于……；因为 ②thanks to多亏；由于
③because of由于；因为 ④on account of由于
⑤owing to由于；因为 ⑥as a result of由于……的结果
串记2.get into 相关短语面面观
①get into debt 负债累累
②get into trouble 陷入困境
③get into shape 使身体好起来
串记3.“at＋名词”构成的短语串烧
①at risk处境危险；遭受危险 ②at length最后
③at cost按成本 ④at present目前；现在
⑤at ease安逸；自在 ⑥at sea在海上；茫然
1．the flu virus_ 流感病毒
2．immune_system_ 免疫系统
3．chances of survival 生存几率
4．become infected 受感染
5．in two weeks' time 再过两个礼拜
6．do damage to 对……造成伤害/损伤
7．feel_badtempered 感到烦躁
8．on_the Internet 在网上
1．As_you_know,_if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
正如你所知道的，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会开始自动地做它。
2．When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it_was_time_to quit smoking.
当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我知道该是戒烟的时候了。
3．I do_hope so because I want you to live as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你能像我一样活得健康长寿。
4．... but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so_much_that your body can no longer fight disease.
……但是最终艾滋病病毒会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。
5．Do not share anything else that a person has used while_injecting_drugs.
在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的短语
补全句子
1．(2015·安徽高考完形填空)Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We are_addicted_to_buying_new_things (对买新东西上瘾)．
2．(2013·天津高考完形填空)Dad is also a living example of real love. From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to support our family. He always puts our happiness before his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games in_spite_of_ (不管) his exhaustion after long days.
用本单元短语升级句中加彩的词汇
3．(2009·安徽高考阅读B)Because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the Chinese people are very grateful to the animal. Due_to
4．(2009·四川高考阅读B)At first we tried to push on through.We didn't want to move the children out of home, so we camped upstairs.feel_like_moving
5．(2013·安徽高考阅读B)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. at_risk
高考采撷(二) 写作中的句式(补全句子)
1．(2017·北京高考书面表达)正如我们知道的，长江是亚洲最长河流，拥有许多景点。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
As_we_know,_the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has many attractions.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我的确希望你能和我一起参观这个剪纸展览。(do＋动词原形)
I_do_hope that you can visit the papercutting exhibition with me.
3．(2015·北京高考书面表达)他做的面人是如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。(so ...that ...)
The dough figurine he made was_so_beautiful_that_we couldn't wait to have a try ourselves.
4．(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。(状语从句的省略)
People can enjoy the full moon while_eating_mooncakes,_which are the special food for this festival.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．take risks (a risk)冒险
[记牢]
(1)at risk 遭受危险；处境危险
at the risk of ... 冒着……的危险
run the risk (of doing sth.) 冒险(做某事)
put ...at risk 让……处于危险之中
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事；冒……的危险
[练通]
单句语法填空
①He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life.
②The national parks are very important for the protection of these wild animals, which would otherwise run the risk of becoming extinct.
③He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.
补全句子
④We do not expect untrained people to take_risks/a_risk.
我们不希望未经训练的人去冒险。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2015·江苏高考书面表达)交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。
Not_only_does_the_traffic_issue_affect_our_daily_life,_but_it_also_puts_people's_lives_at_risk.
2．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
[记牢]
get into the habit of 养成……的习惯
get across (使)通过；(使)被理解；(把……) 讲清楚
get away 逃脱；离开
get over 爬过；越过；克服(困难)；痊愈
get through 熬过(困难时期)；通过；接通电话
get along with 进展；相处
get down to 开始做某事
[练通] 单句语法填空
①I'm sorry to hear that you have got into the habit of smoking.
②A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
③Looking back on my past few years, friends gave me so much help that I could get over difficulties which I had to face with.
④After Christmas I'm going to get down to some serious jobhunting.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我已经养成了打篮球的习惯，因为它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。
I have_got_into_the_habit_of_playing_basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
[句式集释]
[教材原句] I do_hope_so because I want you to live_as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.
1．“do＋动词原形”的强调结构
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does_catch_a_cold.
那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
(2)—I'm sorry. I shouldn't have been rude to you.
—You did_lose_your_temper but that's all right.
——很抱歉，我不该对你粗鲁的。
——你确实发脾气了，但没关系。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下两个条件：(1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
注意事项
在“do/does/did＋动词原形”中，动词原形常常被误用成其他形式，需要特别注意。
[背写作佳句]
(1)I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the proverb to serve as a reminder.(要点句)
(2)(2015·北京高考书面表达)We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.(总结句)
2．“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Our neighbour has as_big_a_garden_as ours.
我们的邻居有一个和我们一样大的花园。
(2)You've made as_many_mistakes_as I have.
你和我犯了一样多的错误。
(3)I can carry_as_much_paper_as you can.
我能和你搬动一样多的纸。
(4)In many sports physical fitness is not as_important_as technique.
在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...
(2)as many＋复数名词＋as ...
(3)as much＋不可数名词＋as ...
(4)as＋adj./adv.＋as ...
注意事项
否定句中“as ...as ...”结构中第一个as也可换成so。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Playing pingpong is as popular an activity as playing football in our campus. (要点句)
(2)The newlybuilt school has as big a plastic track as yours.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
decide on， get into， be addicted to， be accustomed to， feel like， in spite of， at risk， due to
1．If you take the risk of drunk driving, you are at_risk.
2．In_spite_of great efforts, we failed to carry out our plans through.
3．I am_accustomed_to listening to some soft music before bed.
4．Tom feels_like being a cook because he thinks cooking delicious food for others is interesting and happy.
5．Generally speaking, boys are_addicted_to playing computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
6．Due_to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
7．—How do you find Qingdao, Mary?
—It's a beautiful seaside city. I have decided_on it for my next holiday.
8．Mr. Bean constantly gets_into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless of their nationalities and culture.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．对不起，我的确忘了要告诉你会议的时间了。稍后我将把相关信息告诉你。(do＋动词原形)
Sorry! I did_forget_to_tell you about the time of the meeting.I'll tell you the information mentioned later.
2．这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过俭朴的生活。[as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as]
The young man hopes to live as_simple_a_life_as his grandpa.
3．正如你们许多年龄足够大的人记得的那样，披头士乐队来自利物浦。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
The Beatles, as_many_of_you_are_old_enough_to_remember,_came from Liverpool.
4．是说再见的时候了，是回忆我们一起度过的那些美好时光的时候了。(it's time to ...)
It's_time_to_say_goodbye. It's_time_to_recall those beautiful days we spent together.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry发邮件向你询问有关网络游戏对孩子们的影响。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．现状； 2.危害； 3.措施。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的电子邮件，时态以一般现在时为主，人称为第三人称。文章可分三个层次：开头应点明写信的缘由(回复上次Terry在信中提出的问题)；主体部分应依据题目所给的三个要点(现状、危害和措施)进行构思，题目没有给出具体要求，考生可自由发挥，只要合情合理即可。如越来越多的孩子沉溺游戏，老师和家长应该采取什么措施帮助他们等。结尾应表达期待对方回复。
要点1：我写信对你上次在信中提出的问题做一下略述。(rough sketch)
I_am_writing_to_give_you_the_rough_sketch_about_the_question_put_forward_in_your_last_letter.
要点2－①：越来越多的孩子们整天沉溺于网络游戏。
More_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day.
要点2－②：他们不容易摆脱掉这个习惯。(quit)
They_won't_quit_the_habit_easily.
要点2－③：老师和家长应该强调学习的重要性。
The_teachers_and_parents_should_stress_the_importance_of_study.
要点2－④：老师和家长应该禁止他们玩这样的网络游戏。(ban ... from)
The_teachers_and_parents_should_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
要点3：我期待你的尽早回信。
I'm_looking_forward_to_your_earliest_reply.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使内容充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展或用高级表达升级句式，使表达更亮眼。如对要点2－①添加定语从句说明对孩子们的影响；要点2－②添加条件状语从句和定语从句来说明危害的具体表现(不能适应日常生活等)；将要点2－③升级为被动语态表达；将要点2－④升级为“It is reasonable to do sth.”表达。
拓展要点2－①：越来越多的孩子整天沉溺于网络游戏，这对他们将有不好的影响。(定语从句)
More_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day,_which_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_them.
拓展要点2－②：一旦他们养成这个习惯就不容易摆脱，这使他们不能适应日常生活。(once, accustom oneself to，定语从句)
Once_they_form_the_habit,_they_won't_quit_it_easily,_which_can't_accustom_themselves_to_the_daily_life.
升级要点2－③：把该句变为被动语态。
The_importance_of_study_should_be_stressed_by_the_teachers_and_parents.
升级要点2－④：用句型“It is reasonable to do sth.”来改写。
It_is_reasonable_to_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文可采用三段式作文。在第二段中用surprisingly引出现状；用in my opinion引出建议；用过渡词furthermore引出另外一条建议。同时可对各个要点进行适当整合，使文章行文连贯，衔接顺畅。
Dear_Terry，
I_am_writing_to_give_you_the_rough_sketch_about_the_question_put_forward_in_your_last_letter.
Surprisingly,_more_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day,_which_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_them.Once_they_form_the_habit,_they_won't_quit_it_easily,_which_can't_accustom_themselves_to_the_daily_life.In_my_opinion,_the_importance_of_study_should_be_stressed_by_the_teachers_and_parents;_furthermore,_it_is_reasonable_to_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
I_am_looking_forward_to_your_earliest_reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua
理清句间结构之(五) 转折
句间的转折处也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能作上标记以方便做题时查找。一些明显的转折词包括but, however, on the contrary, yet (句首), still (句首), as a matter of fact, in fact, instead, nevertheless, while等。
[高考典例1] 2013·湖北卷·完形填空
The house came 45(alive) the next few days.Zigfried 46(enjoyed) every single hour of them. __47__， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48(satisfied) smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49(discussion) of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas. What? A cat? The 50(smile) froze on his face ...
47．A.However B．Instead
C．Moreover D．Therefore
[分析] 从47空前后文的关系来看，此处表示转折关系，故用however。
[高考典例2] 2014·山东卷·完形填空
But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had34(applied_for) a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was__35__.
35．A.punished B．refused
C．blamed D．fired
[分析] 由转折词but可知她曾申请行医执照，但是被拒绝了。故选B项。
[高考典例3] 2015·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五
You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. __40__ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A．Learn to really trust yourself.
B．It is putting confidence in someone.
C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
[分析] 空格的上文指出要看到生活中积极的一面。下文中的Instead一词说明空格和下文存在着行文逆转，即转折关系。分析七个选项，只有G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)合适。
[高考典例4] 2013·浙江卷·B篇
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Q：Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
[分析] 本题是在转折处设题。本段的小标题：心脏和大脑，谁的工作强度大？对于此问题的解释是要看你是在思考还是在锻炼。本段前面指出，在进行体育锻炼时，心脏的工作强度大。接着通过转折句(But, in the long run ...)指出从长远来看，大脑的工作强度比心脏的工作强度大。故选A。
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．cigarette n． 香烟；纸烟
2．adolescentn. 青少年
adj.[纵联1] 青春期的
3．adolescence n. 青春期
[纵联2] 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
5．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
6．packet n. 小包；小盒
7．comprehension n. 理解(力)
8．etc (et cetera) adv. 诸如此类的事物；等等
9．appendix n. 附录；附件
10．pill n. 药丸；药片
11．fluid n. 流体；液体
12．needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
13．abortion n. 流产；中途失败
14．cigar n. 雪茄烟
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．abuse n．&vt. 滥用；虐待
2．ban vt.
n. [纵联3]
3．due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
4．tough adj. 困难的；强硬的
5．quit_ vt. 停止(做某事)；离开
6．effect n. 结果；效力；影响
7．withdrawal_ n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
8．lung n. 肺
9．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
10．desperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的
11．male_ adj. 男性的；雄性的
n. 男人；雄性动(植)物
12．female_ adj. 女性的；雌性的
n. 雌性的动(植)物；女人
13．prejudice n. 偏见；成见
14．judgement n. 看法；判决；判断
15．embarrassed_ adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
16．awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．stress n．压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
2．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addiction n．上瘾；沉溺；嗜好→addict vt.使上瘾 n．有瘾的人
3．breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breath n．呼吸→breathe v．呼吸
4．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
5．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
6．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上
7．unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的→fit adj.健康的；合适的→fitness n．健康[纵联4]
8．strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strength n．力气；力量；强项→strong adj.强壮的；结实的
9．chemist n．药剂师；化学家→chemical adj.化学的 n．化学制品→chemistry n．化学
10．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
11．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n．羞耻；羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的
12．weaken vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱 vt.(使)变弱→weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n．弱点
13．illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legal adj.合法的
14．survival n．幸存→survive v．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
15．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.酒精的
纵联1.人生历程
①婴儿：baby
②小孩：kid/child
③青少年：youth/teenager/adolescent
④成人：adult
⑤中年人：a middleaged person
⑥老年人：senior citizen/the elderly/the aged
纵联2.性格多变，让人难以捉摸
①badtempered 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
②sweettempered 性情温和的
③kindhearted 好心的
④openminded 虚心的
⑤easygoing 随和的
⑥outgoing 外向的
⑦strongwilled 意志坚强的
⑧welleducated 受过良好教育的
⑨narrowminded 心胸狭窄的
纵联3.“禁止与允许”家族
①禁止：ban, forbid, prohibit
②允许：allow, permit, let
纵联4.否定前缀un高频形容词一览
①unfit不合适的 ②unfair不公平的
③unusual不寻常的 ④unfriendly不友好的
⑤unfortunate不幸的 ⑥uncomfortable不舒服的
⑦unimportant不重要的 ⑧uncertain不确定的
单元话题——健康生活
子话题1 疾病与残疾
①disease/illness/sickness n． 病；疾病
②stroke n．中风 ③depression n．抑郁症
④heart attack心脏病 ⑤dizziness n．头晕
⑥disabled adj.残疾的 ⑦blind adj.瞎的
⑧infective adj. 有传染性的
子话题2 病因
①bacterium n．细菌 ②virus n．病毒
③unhealthy adj.不健康的 ④poisonous adj.有毒的；致命的
⑤break down(身体)垮掉 ⑥be infected with传染上
子话题3 药物与救护
①drug n. 药；药物 ②capsule n. (药)胶囊
③herb n．草药 ④tablet n．药片
⑤prescription n．处方 ⑥ward n．病房
⑦free medical service 公费医疗
⑧be under medical treatment 在治疗中
⑨relieve the pain 减轻痛苦
⑩operate on sb. 给某人动手术
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2014·浙江高考阅读C)Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental❶ capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forestbathe”， taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative __❷__ (effect) of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office — even simple views of trees and flowers — felt their jobs were less __❸__ (stress) and more satisfying.
①写出mental在句中的含义：精神的；“身心健康”表达为physical_and_mental_health
②用effect的适当形式填空：effects
③用stress的适当形式填空：stressful
2．(2011·湖南高考阅读B)He was judged unfit❶ to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a __❷__ (weaken) heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.
①选出加彩词在句中的含义：__B__
A．不健康的 B．不合适的
②用weaken的适当形式填空：weak，此处表示“心脏衰竭”
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词补全句子)
1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)我们急切需要你的帮助，因此作为领队，我真诚地邀请你加入。(desperate)
We are_desperately_in_need_of_your_help. So as the group leader, I sincerely invite you to join us.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我想强调的是，你能从剪纸中获得许多乐趣。(stress)
What_I_want_to_stress_is_that you can have a lot of fun.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．stress n．重压；逼迫；压力；重音；强调重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读；强调
[记牢]
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物的重要性
(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)
stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)
[练通]
单句语法填空
①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be badtempered and get angry easily.
②Cooperation or teamwork, the importance of which is_stressed (stress), plays an important part in football matches.
③It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society.
④Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
一句多译
他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
⑤He_stressed_the_importance_of_a_good_education. (stress v．)
⑥He_laid/put_stress_on_a_good_education. (stress n．)
[写美] 翻译句子
⑦(2018·天津高考书面表达)我想强调的是我们小组目前正在招纳新队员。
What_I_want_to_stress_is_that_our_group_is_looking_for_new_members_right_now._
2．due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的；应付的；应有的
[辨清] 写出下列句中due的含义
①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.欠款的
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预定的
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④When it comes to giving due respect to the old people, she feels a bit uneasy.应有的
[记牢]
due to 由于；因为；归因于
be due to do sth. 预定做某事
be due to sb. 应付给/给予某人
be due for sth. 应用某物；应得到某物
[练通] 单句语法填空
⑤A great deal of money is due_to you; please give me your bank account.
⑥It is said that the spaceship is due to_arrive (arrive) three days later.
[写美] 补全句子
⑦由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
Mistakes due_to_carelessness may have serious consequences.
3．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
[记牢]
(1)be/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(2)addict oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(3)addiction n. 上瘾；沉溺；嗜好
addiction to ……瘾
(4)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Many kids are addicted to surfing (surf) the Net, so they have lost interest in study.
②Many kids addict themselves to surfing the Net, so they have lost interest in study.
③I discovered an addiction (addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
句型转换(把练习①②改成分词短语作状语)
④Addicted_to_surfing_the_Net,_many_kids_have_lost_interest_in_study.
⑤Addicting_themselves_to_surfing_the_Net,_many_kids_have_lost_interest_in_study.
[用准] “addict; addicted; addiction”等在表示“沉迷于/热衷于……”时，都和介词to连用。
[写美] 补全句子
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)得知你沉迷于乒乓球，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。
Learning that you_are_addicted_to_table_tennis,_I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
4．accustomed adj.经常的；惯常的；习惯了的
[记牢]
(1)be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
＝be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
[练通]
同义替换
①I am used (＝accustomed) to getting up early and taking an hour's walk before breakfast.
单句语法填空
②Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
③Accustoming himself to living (live) in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
[写美] 翻译句子
④他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围(strong academic atmosphere)和丰富多彩的活动。
He_quickly_got_accustomed/accustomed_himself_to_the_strong_academic_atmosphere_and_colorful_activities_in_the_college.
5．effect n．结果；效力；影响
[记牢]
(1)side effect 副作用
come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put ... into effect 实施；使……生效/ 起作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on/upon the children.
②It won't be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
③One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
补全句子
④The agreement signed between the two companies last week will_come_into/take_effect soon.
两家公司在上周签订的这份协议将很快生效。
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)我介绍了制茶的历史，这对帮助他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。
I introduced the history of teamaking, which_has_a_great_effect_on_them_to_help better understand our teadrinking culture.
6．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
[记牢]
(1)be/feel ashamed of ... 对……感到惭愧/羞耻
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 惭愧；羞耻；羞愧
it's a shame/pity＝what a shame/pity 真可惜
It's a shame/pity that ... 真遗憾……
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The parents felt ashamed of their son when he was dismissed by the boss.
②It is shameful (shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
③It's a shame that a good student should do something like that.
一句多译
在课堂上，学生们不应该耻于向老师问问题。
④In class, students should not be_ashamed_of_asking_the_teacher_questions.
⑤In class, students should not be_ashamed_to_ask_the_teacher_questions.
[写美] 补全句子
⑥读了上面如此多的妈妈们的抱怨，我感到羞愧和内疚。
Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I feel ashamed and guilty.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Having abused (滥用) his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, he is now under investigation.
2．The project is due (到期的) next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
3．Typically, the preferred sleep cycle is delayed in adolescents(青少年), which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.
4．The virus (病毒) has infected the operating system of his computer.
5．With the debt problem worsening, it is going to be a tough (艰难的) test for EU to help the country out of trouble.
6．The woman tried desperately (拼命地)to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
7．The shy girl felt awkward (局促不安的) and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher's questions.
8．This is a hospital for those people who suffer mental (精神的) diseases.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Being_addicted (addict) to computer games can be harmful to you in many ways.
2．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it's hard and stressful (stress)．
3．It's reported that passengers are banned from eating and drinking on subway trains.
4．Professor Smith is due to_give (give) us a lecture at eight tomorrow morning.
5．After living there for one year, they have been accustomed to working (work) there.
6．I was once ashamed to_admit (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
7．Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective (effect) ways to improve our English.
8．I was disappointed to_see (see) what had happened.
9．Doing some exercise earlier in the day should make you feel physically as well as mentally (mental) tired.
10．Just quit complaining (complain). What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Fathers have an enormous effect to their children's personalities and chances of marital happiness.to→on
2．The exercises are designed to strength your stomach muscles.strength→strengthen
3．I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.disappointing→disappointed
4．If a person is in the desert and has no water with him, he will get desperately. desperately→desperate
5．After seeing your ad, I think your sixweek English course is very fit to me. to→for
6．When he was abroad, he began to take drugs and became addicting to drugs.addicting→addicted
7．Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those toughly times.toughly→tough
8．Accustomed to get up early, it was not difficult for him to adjust to the new schedule.get→getting
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．英语老师强调了学好英语的重要性。(stress)
The English teacher stressed_the_importance_of_learning_English_well.
2．在这些地方禁止停车。(ban)
People are_banned_from_parking in these places.
3．布莱克先生由于身体不佳而退出政治(生涯)。(due)
Mr Black dropped out of politics due_to_poor_health.
4．他醉心于拉小提琴，没有注意到小偷进屋。(addicted)
Addicted_to_playing_the_violin,_he didn't notice a thief walk into his house.
5．我习惯了早起进行晨练。(accustomed)
I am_accustomed_to_getting_up_early_for exercise.
(一)课前自主学习
1．due_to [串记1] 由于……；因为
2．addicted_to 对……有瘾
3．accustomed_to 习惯于……
4．decide_on 对……作出决定
5．feel_like_(doing) 想要(做)……
6．in_spite_of 不顾；不管；尽管
7．take_risks_(a_risk) 冒险
8．get_into [串记2] 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
9．at_risk [串记3] 处境危险；遭受危险
10．out_of_breath 上气不接下气
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“因为；由于”短语荟萃
①due to由于……；因为 ②thanks to多亏；由于
③because of由于；因为 ④on account of由于
⑤owing to由于；因为 ⑥as a result of由于……的结果
串记2.get into 相关短语面面观
①get into debt 负债累累
②get into trouble 陷入困境
③get into shape 使身体好起来
串记3.“at＋名词”构成的短语串烧
①at risk处境危险；遭受危险 ②at length最后
③at cost按成本 ④at present目前；现在
⑤at ease安逸；自在 ⑥at sea在海上；茫然
1．the flu virus_ 流感病毒
2．immune_system_ 免疫系统
3．chances of survival 生存几率
4．become infected 受感染
5．in two weeks' time 再过两个礼拜
6．do damage to 对……造成伤害/损伤
7．feel_badtempered 感到烦躁
8．on_the Internet 在网上
1．As_you_know,_if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
正如你所知道的，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会开始自动地做它。
2．When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it_was_time_to quit smoking.
当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我知道该是戒烟的时候了。
3．I do_hope so because I want you to live as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你能像我一样活得健康长寿。
4．... but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so_much_that your body can no longer fight disease.
……但是最终艾滋病病毒会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。
5．Do not share anything else that a person has used while_injecting_drugs.
在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的短语
补全句子
1．(2015·安徽高考完形填空)Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We are_addicted_to_buying_new_things (对买新东西上瘾)．
2．(2013·天津高考完形填空)Dad is also a living example of real love. From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to support our family. He always puts our happiness before his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games in_spite_of_ (不管) his exhaustion after long days.
用本单元短语升级句中加彩的词汇
3．(2009·安徽高考阅读B)Because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the Chinese people are very grateful to the animal. Due_to
4．(2009·四川高考阅读B)At first we tried to push on through.We didn't want to move the children out of home, so we camped upstairs.feel_like_moving
5．(2013·安徽高考阅读B)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. at_risk
高考采撷(二) 写作中的句式(补全句子)
1．(2017·北京高考书面表达)正如我们知道的，长江是亚洲最长河流，拥有许多景点。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
As_we_know,_the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has many attractions.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我的确希望你能和我一起参观这个剪纸展览。(do＋动词原形)
I_do_hope that you can visit the papercutting exhibition with me.
3．(2015·北京高考书面表达)他做的面人是如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。(so ...that ...)
The dough figurine he made was_so_beautiful_that_we couldn't wait to have a try ourselves.
4．(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。(状语从句的省略)
People can enjoy the full moon while_eating_mooncakes,_which are the special food for this festival.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．take risks (a risk)冒险
[记牢]
(1)at risk 遭受危险；处境危险
at the risk of ... 冒着……的危险
run the risk (of doing sth.) 冒险(做某事)
put ...at risk 让……处于危险之中
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事；冒……的危险
[练通]
单句语法填空
①He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life.
②The national parks are very important for the protection of these wild animals, which would otherwise run the risk of becoming extinct.
③He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.
补全句子
④We do not expect untrained people to take_risks/a_risk.
我们不希望未经训练的人去冒险。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2015·江苏高考书面表达)交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。
Not_only_does_the_traffic_issue_affect_our_daily_life,_but_it_also_puts_people's_lives_at_risk.
2．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
[记牢]
get into the habit of 养成……的习惯
get across (使)通过；(使)被理解；(把……) 讲清楚
get away 逃脱；离开
get over 爬过；越过；克服(困难)；痊愈
get through 熬过(困难时期)；通过；接通电话
get along with 进展；相处
get down to 开始做某事
[练通] 单句语法填空
①I'm sorry to hear that you have got into the habit of smoking.
②A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
③Looking back on my past few years, friends gave me so much help that I could get over difficulties which I had to face with.
④After Christmas I'm going to get down to some serious jobhunting.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我已经养成了打篮球的习惯，因为它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。
I have_got_into_the_habit_of_playing_basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
[句式集释]
[教材原句] I do_hope_so because I want you to live_as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.
1．“do＋动词原形”的强调结构
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does_catch_a_cold.
那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
(2)—I'm sorry. I shouldn't have been rude to you.
—You did_lose_your_temper but that's all right.
——很抱歉，我不该对你粗鲁的。
——你确实发脾气了，但没关系。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下两个条件：(1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
注意事项
在“do/does/did＋动词原形”中，动词原形常常被误用成其他形式，需要特别注意。
[背写作佳句]
(1)I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the proverb to serve as a reminder.(要点句)
(2)(2015·北京高考书面表达)We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.(总结句)
2．“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Our neighbour has as_big_a_garden_as ours.
我们的邻居有一个和我们一样大的花园。
(2)You've made as_many_mistakes_as I have.
你和我犯了一样多的错误。
(3)I can carry_as_much_paper_as you can.
我能和你搬动一样多的纸。
(4)In many sports physical fitness is not as_important_as technique.
在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...
(2)as many＋复数名词＋as ...
(3)as much＋不可数名词＋as ...
(4)as＋adj./adv.＋as ...
注意事项
否定句中“as ...as ...”结构中第一个as也可换成so。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Playing pingpong is as popular an activity as playing football in our campus. (要点句)
(2)The newlybuilt school has as big a plastic track as yours.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
decide on， get into， be addicted to， be accustomed to， feel like， in spite of， at risk， due to
1．If you take the risk of drunk driving, you are at_risk.
2．In_spite_of great efforts, we failed to carry out our plans through.
3．I am_accustomed_to listening to some soft music before bed.
4．Tom feels_like being a cook because he thinks cooking delicious food for others is interesting and happy.
5．Generally speaking, boys are_addicted_to playing computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
6．Due_to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
7．—How do you find Qingdao, Mary?
—It's a beautiful seaside city. I have decided_on it for my next holiday.
8．Mr. Bean constantly gets_into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless of their nationalities and culture.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．对不起，我的确忘了要告诉你会议的时间了。稍后我将把相关信息告诉你。(do＋动词原形)
Sorry! I did_forget_to_tell you about the time of the meeting.I'll tell you the information mentioned later.
2．这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过俭朴的生活。[as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as]
The young man hopes to live as_simple_a_life_as his grandpa.
3．正如你们许多年龄足够大的人记得的那样，披头士乐队来自利物浦。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
The Beatles, as_many_of_you_are_old_enough_to_remember,_came from Liverpool.
4．是说再见的时候了，是回忆我们一起度过的那些美好时光的时候了。(it's time to ...)
It's_time_to_say_goodbye. It's_time_to_recall those beautiful days we spent together.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry发邮件向你询问有关网络游戏对孩子们的影响。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．现状； 2.危害； 3.措施。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的电子邮件，时态以一般现在时为主，人称为第三人称。文章可分三个层次：开头应点明写信的缘由(回复上次Terry在信中提出的问题)；主体部分应依据题目所给的三个要点(现状、危害和措施)进行构思，题目没有给出具体要求，考生可自由发挥，只要合情合理即可。如越来越多的孩子沉溺游戏，老师和家长应该采取什么措施帮助他们等。结尾应表达期待对方回复。
要点1：我写信对你上次在信中提出的问题做一下略述。(rough sketch)
I_am_writing_to_give_you_the_rough_sketch_about_the_question_put_forward_in_your_last_letter.
要点2－①：越来越多的孩子们整天沉溺于网络游戏。
More_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day.
要点2－②：他们不容易摆脱掉这个习惯。(quit)
They_won't_quit_the_habit_easily.
要点2－③：老师和家长应该强调学习的重要性。
The_teachers_and_parents_should_stress_the_importance_of_study.
要点2－④：老师和家长应该禁止他们玩这样的网络游戏。(ban ... from)
The_teachers_and_parents_should_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
要点3：我期待你的尽早回信。
I'm_looking_forward_to_your_earliest_reply.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使内容充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展或用高级表达升级句式，使表达更亮眼。如对要点2－①添加定语从句说明对孩子们的影响；要点2－②添加条件状语从句和定语从句来说明危害的具体表现(不能适应日常生活等)；将要点2－③升级为被动语态表达；将要点2－④升级为“It is reasonable to do sth.”表达。
拓展要点2－①：越来越多的孩子整天沉溺于网络游戏，这对他们将有不好的影响。(定语从句)
More_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day,_which_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_them.
拓展要点2－②：一旦他们养成这个习惯就不容易摆脱，这使他们不能适应日常生活。(once, accustom oneself to，定语从句)
Once_they_form_the_habit,_they_won't_quit_it_easily,_which_can't_accustom_themselves_to_the_daily_life.
升级要点2－③：把该句变为被动语态。
The_importance_of_study_should_be_stressed_by_the_teachers_and_parents.
升级要点2－④：用句型“It is reasonable to do sth.”来改写。
It_is_reasonable_to_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文可采用三段式作文。在第二段中用surprisingly引出现状；用in my opinion引出建议；用过渡词furthermore引出另外一条建议。同时可对各个要点进行适当整合，使文章行文连贯，衔接顺畅。
Dear_Terry，
I_am_writing_to_give_you_the_rough_sketch_about_the_question_put_forward_in_your_last_letter.
Surprisingly,_more_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day,_which_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_them.Once_they_form_the_habit,_they_won't_quit_it_easily,_which_can't_accustom_themselves_to_the_daily_life.In_my_opinion,_the_importance_of_study_should_be_stressed_by_the_teachers_and_parents;_furthermore,_it_is_reasonable_to_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
I_am_looking_forward_to_your_earliest_reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua
理清句间结构之(五) 转折
句间的转折处也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能作上标记以方便做题时查找。一些明显的转折词包括but, however, on the contrary, yet (句首), still (句首), as a matter of fact, in fact, instead, nevertheless, while等。
[高考典例1] 2013·湖北卷·完形填空
The house came 45(alive) the next few days.Zigfried 46(enjoyed) every single hour of them. __47__， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48(satisfied) smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49(discussion) of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas. What? A cat? The 50(smile) froze on his face ...
47．A.However B．Instead
C．Moreover D．Therefore
[分析] 从47空前后文的关系来看，此处表示转折关系，故用however。
[高考典例2] 2014·山东卷·完形填空
But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had34(applied_for) a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was__35__.
35．A.punished B．refused
C．blamed D．fired
[分析] 由转折词but可知她曾申请行医执照，但是被拒绝了。故选B项。
[高考典例3] 2015·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五
You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. __40__ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A．Learn to really trust yourself.
B．It is putting confidence in someone.
C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
[分析] 空格的上文指出要看到生活中积极的一面。下文中的Instead一词说明空格和下文存在着行文逆转，即转折关系。分析七个选项，只有G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)合适。
[高考典例4] 2013·浙江卷·B篇
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Q：Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
[分析] 本题是在转折处设题。本段的小标题：心脏和大脑，谁的工作强度大？对于此问题的解释是要看你是在思考还是在锻炼。本段前面指出，在进行体育锻炼时，心脏的工作强度大。接着通过转折句(But, in the long run ...)指出从长远来看，大脑的工作强度比心脏的工作强度大。故选A。
相关资料
更多
