2020新课标高考英语二轮教师用书：开卷有益源自高考真题中的语言现象



编者按：高考真题中约85%的语篇选自国外主流英文报纸、杂志、书籍或网站，语言原汁原味，选材具有真实性、鲜活性和时效性，很多地地道道的英文表达是中国学生从没有接触过的，因此在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。建议同学们平时多阅读近几年高考真题中的文本素材，用心学习和体会真实的英语文章的文风和表达方式，相信这样做能使同学们快速适应并习惯高考选文的语言特征，从而高效地提高英语阅读理解能力。


1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
[要点提炼]attempt to do sth. (试图做某事)
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D)During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.
[要点提炼]enjoy doing sth. (喜欢做某事)；allow sb. to do sth. (允许某人做某事)
3．(2019·天津高考·阅读B)So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.
[要点提炼]pretend to be doing sth. (假装正在做某事)
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality.
[要点提炼]encourage sb. to do sth. (鼓励某人做某事)
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读B)If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.
[要点提炼]prevent sb. (from) doing sth. (阻止某人做某事)


使用括号内的单词完成句子
1．(2019·北京高考·阅读A)All our projects aim to promote(力求促进) the development of poor and remote communities.(aim)
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into(避免直视) his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.(avoid)
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore (鼓励学生探索) new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.(encourage)
4．(2016·北京高考·阅读B)I can't imagine living(无法想象居住在) anywhere but Rockaway.(imagine)
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)On the way, we spotted a man holding(发现一个人拿着) a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job. Family to feed.”(spot)

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
[要点提炼]make efforts (努力)；pay off (有所回报)
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读D)These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.
[要点提炼]be absorbed in (专心于)；sit back(袖手旁观)
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读C)In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
[要点提炼]in addition (另外)；appeal to (对……有吸引力)
4．(2019·天津高考·阅读B)By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.
[要点提炼]leave behind (把……抛在后边)
5．(2019·浙江高考·完形填空)For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
[要点提炼]give away (赠送)

完成句子
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读C)Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with(想出) a low­cost device that gets around(克服) this problem: a smart keyboard.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)All riders are equipped with(配备；装备) reflective vests and safety lights.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读B)I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down(平静下来)．
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读B)When her dinner partner showed up(露面), she also pulled up a chair.
5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to(对……做出如此积极的贡献) the education of that group of early “civil engineers”．

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied...
[要点提炼]　在句型“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”中，it作形式主语，不定式(短语)作真正的主语。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C)There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over.
[要点提炼]　There was a time when ...为固定句型，其中when引导定语从句，意为：曾经/一度……。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空C)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
[要点提炼]　so ... that ...引导结果状语从句，意为：如此……，以至于……；It takes some time to do sth.意为：花一些时间做某事。
4．(2019·天津卷·完形填空)No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face.
[要点提炼]　no sooner...than...为固定句型，no sooner置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序，意为：刚……就……。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C)When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e­readers and tablets on reading.
[要点提炼]　when it comes to ...为固定句式，其中when引导时间状语从句，意为：当谈及……。
6．(2018·北京高考·阅读七选五)The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.
[要点提炼]　The reason why ... is (that) ...意为：……的原因是……。

完成句子
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五)Only then should you set your goals.
只有那时你才应该设定你的目标。
2．(2019·浙江高考·完形填空)Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
通常，观点越奇怪，受到的关注就越多。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读B)But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable.
但是无论他们多么富裕，Dawson从未感到舒适。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读D)Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
不知不觉地，一个小时过去了，到了午饭时间了。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读七选五)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.
很多人会发现早上起床很难，并归咎于闹钟。


1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills，find a job or start businesses all year round.[培养；开发]
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)Who is eligible：Youth 15­18 years old in select communities.[上层人士居住的；有钱人居住的]
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读B)Chris trips on the “­ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many non­native English speakers.[磕巴]
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D)The likables' plays­well­with­others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships，jump­start interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.[发掘]
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.[色度]
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五)While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. [使变老；使老化]
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.[消遣；解脱]
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读B)．..with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics on western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.[刺激；加强]
9．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读D)．..they were performing a calculation，not just memorizing the value of each combination.[数值]
10．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读七选五)When a student attacks a professor on the social media，the language used actually says more about the student.[抨击]
11．(2019·北京高考·阅读七选五)If a basketball star is，for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. [投篮；投射]
12．(2019·天津高考·阅读A)All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. [说明]
13．(2019·浙江高考·阅读B)Most of the bills on the board were singles，but a few people left fives，tens and even twenties.[一元纸币]
14．(2019·浙江高考·阅读C)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests...[宽]
15．(2019·浙江高考·阅读七选五)They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. [界；领域]
16．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五)Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. [处理]
17．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读D)Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. [习惯；惯例]
18．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. [猛冲]
19．(2018·江苏高考·阅读D)The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo­opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “likes” for their online posts. [帖子]
20．(2018·浙江高考·完形填空)He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed. [欲望；动力]


写出下列黑体部分的含义
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读B)In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. 专题节目
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D)And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e­readers showed up in 2007. 平板电脑
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)On every single move you have to analyze a situation, process what your opponent is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options. (象棋)一步(棋)；一着(棋)；走棋
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. 学分
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·完形填空)The post has since gained the attention of social media users all over the world，receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61，500 likes in just three days.转发；点赞
6．(2018·浙江高考·阅读A)It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. 行业；社会阶层
7．(2018·浙江高考·阅读A)The steam­powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy rate in England was under 50%. 印刷机
8．(2018·浙江高考·阅读C)Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm­based society into an industrial power. 强国
9．(2018·江苏高考·阅读D)It's vital that new compulsory age­appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
使……具备能力；使……能够胜任
10．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读C)The U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.一群；群
11．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读D)The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
处理；应对
12．(2017·北京高考·完形填空)For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world. 表彰
13．(2017·天津高考·完形填空)Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. 大量涌入
14．(2017·浙江高考·阅读七选五)The man­on­the­street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 到达
15．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C)People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. 记录；条目
16．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五)Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown­up garden.
使转变；使转化
17．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects. 调换
18．(2016·天津高考·阅读A)However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course. 参加(考试)
19．(2015·广东高考·阅读C)Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room. 寄存
20．(2015·重庆高考·阅读A) My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. 轻快地移动

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读A)Here she picks her top reads.
[译文]　这些是她挑选出的最喜欢的读物。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C)Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time.
[译文]　午餐时间是Bechtel的私人专属时间。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C)I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?
[译文]　我喜欢出去并待在外面，是一个人但不孤独，你知道吗？
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读C)It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
[译文]　需要一些年轻而勇敢的商人把大众化报纸继续办下去。
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读D)Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
[译文]　猴子似乎善于数字计算。
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
[译文]　在雇用期年满16或17岁，但今年12月31日前尚未到18岁的学生。
7．(2019·北京高考·语法填空)On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.
[译文]　上一年级的第一天，我站在门口，心中发慌。
8．(2019·北京高考·阅读B)Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.
[译文]　然后Moore利用自己的积蓄使她的公司顺利开张。
9．(2019·天津高考·完形填空)She calculated that going to a stranger's house was a risky move，but she decided to take the chance.
[译文]　她琢磨着去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动，但她仍决定冒这个风险。
10．(2019·天津高考·完形填空)I read that people are more divided than ever，but that's not how the people I encounter tend to act.
[译文]　我明白现在的人与人之间的关系比以往任何时候都更加疏远，但我遇到的人往往不这样做。
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
[译文]　趁门票未磬，樱花正盛，赶紧预订景点！
12．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五)So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time.
[译文]　因此把上述问题弄确切是值得的，因为你想第一次做时就把它弄对。
13．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·完形填空)These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist.
[译文]　今天对于作为新闻记者的我来说，这些话听起来仍然有道理。
14．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五)Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
[译文]　晨练除了对身体健康有益之外，还能给我们提供额外的好处。
15．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.
[译文]　锻炼会让你更加神清气爽，更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。
16．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读D)The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
[译文]　好消息是我可以帮助我自己的孩子比我更早地学会如何拥有得不多也能更好地生活。
17．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读B)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are，like a nearby port or river.
[译文]　城市坐落在哪里通常都是有充分理由的，比如靠近港口或河流。
18．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读B)For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.
[译文]　然而，对于最终到达道森市的很多人来说，获得的回报很值得这趟艰难的路程。
19．(2018·天津高考·阅读表达)Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon.
[译文]　尽管我知道很快就要黑天了，但好奇心还是占了上风。
20．(2018·浙江高考·阅读B)Eyeing these headwinds, plastic­bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
[译文]　面对这些禁令，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来证明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处。


翻译句中黑体字部分
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读B)That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more.
[译文]　与如释重负相伴的是一种深刻理解：为什么这些人仍继续回来做更多的志愿服务。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读B)In the sense，I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit.
[译文]　从这个意义上来说，我敢肯定志愿服务是一种更自私的行为，虽然我不愿意承认这一点。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读C)Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music.
[译文]　Waller不仅仅是音乐会的曲子，而且还是一支舞曲。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D)Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
[译文]　不幸的是，你必须随身携带这些必需的设备，因为找到天然替代品是绝对不可能的。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读B)He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it.
[译文]　他一直在医院进进出出，他和我都知道是怎么回事，但一切皆在不言中。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D)In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
[译文]　在这些文化中，沉默就是要求对方进行反思。
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读B)Without fail one would declare, “But I'm just not creative.”
[译文]　一个人必定会说，“我只是没有创造力”。
8．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读D)Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads.
[译文]　坏消息有卖点，越血腥越吸引眼球。
9．(2016·北京高考·阅读B)Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air.
[译文]　今天，在Rockaway破坏的创伤依然可见，但可以看到希望的曙光。
10．(2016·天津高考·完形填空)The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.
[译文]　我女儿Cathy的那次游泳之旅既漫长又美丽。
11．(2015·北京高考·阅读七选五)Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
[译文]　要记住，当你想入非非的时候，可能会有最好的想法出现。
12．(2015·浙江高考·阅读A)Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going?
[译文]　你没有觉得有些部分很难吗？

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
本句是一个主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句，从句中living in certain parts of the province是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a teenager。which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰this program。
[译文]　如果你是居住在该省某些地区的青少年，你就有资格参加这个项目，它提供八周的带薪就业和培训。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读C)Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
本句是一个主从复合句。whether they should be given access to至句末是whether引导的宾语从句，作determine的宾语；it's connected to是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the computer；whether someone gets the password right是whether引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。
[译文]　因此，这种键盘能够确定人们的身份，进而确定他们是否应该被授予使用所连接的计算机的权限——不管他们是否输入了正确的密码。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C)He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first­name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.
本句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句；with whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词the barkeeper；if引导条件状语从句。
[译文]　他喜欢这样的生活，能够坐下来安静地查看手机，或者如果想与人交流点什么的话，他就跟关系不错的酒吧服务员说说话。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.
本句看似复杂，实际上是一个简单句。不定式短语to analyze...作表语，keeping...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[译文]　另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，牢记你的信念、价值观和长处。
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读D)After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
在本句中，第一个that引导宾语从句，作noted的宾语；在宾语从句中，indicating...为现在分词短语作状语，起补充说明的作用。第二个that同样引导宾语从句。
[译文]　在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到，猴子多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。


翻译句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读B)Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
本句是并列句。but连接两个并列分句，破折号后面的部分为动名词短语作role的同位语。
[译文]　《早安，英国》的电视节目主持人Susanna Reid每天早晨习惯坐在沙发上询问嘉宾，但她最近主持了一档非常火爆的节目，向观众家庭展示如何少花钱还能做出好吃的营养餐。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读C)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people，while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
本句是主从复合句。连接词that引导表语从句，这个表语从句本身是一个并列句，由并列连词while连接而成，表示对比。两个spoken...是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动关系。
[译文]　一般的规律是，温和地带的语言种类相对较少，使用的人通常很多；而在炎热、潮湿的地区，语言种类很多，却只为少数人所使用。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D)The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.
该句是并列复合句。由表示转折的连词but连接而成。what would happen...TV viewing是宾语从句。if...TV viewing是这个宾语从句中的条件状语从句。that serve more than one function是定语从句修饰先行词new electronics。
[译文]　这个团队的数据仅仅更新到2007年，但研究者探索了如果消费者使用多功能新电子设备，比如一个既能进行文本处理又能观看电视的平板去替换旧设备时，会发生什么情况呢？
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读A)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.
本句为主从复合句。主句谓语动词sees后接省略to的不定式作宾补；where we will visit Disneyland Paris park为定语从句修饰先行词Paris；staying ... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中to see the parade and the fireworks是不定式作目的状语。
[译文]　周四我们去巴黎短途旅行，将参观巴黎迪士尼乐园，为了观看游行和烟花，我们会在那里待到很晚。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读D)She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．
本句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，主句中to sell a few larger objects that were less often used为不定式短语作chose的宾语，其中that were less often used为that引导的定语从句修饰先行词objects。
[译文]　当我们承诺把(卖玩具所得的)钱存入女儿的上学基金时，她就挑选了一些她平时不经常玩的较大的玩具卖了(我们学龄前的女儿对当医生的想法可是很认真的)。