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上海市建平中学2019届高三5月质量检测英语试题
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2018学年上海省上海市浦东新区建平中学
高三第二学期5月英语质量检测试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
There's a widely-accepted line of thinking, especially in 2019 that says the people and things we love will eventually let us down.
It's never an if, always a when. So our heroes will inevitably to be trash monsters. Our favorite bands will in enter an experimental phase, even though no one asked them to. And our favorite TV shows will ___1___fail to reach greater heights, but they won't even come close to the same level of success they once had.
It was with this cynical mentality ___2___ I approached the second season of 2018’s breakout hit Killing Eve. How could a series that was so well written, so well acted, and so fiercely addictive in freshman season possibly___3___ (maintain) the same level of quality in Season 2, especially since Phoebe Waller-Bridge,___4___developed the series for TV and wrote four of the first season’s eight episodes, wasn't involved in the writing of the second? It seemed like an impossible task.
But then a strange thing happened: Killing Eve’s second season, at least the two episodes ___5___ (screen) in advance for critics, didn't let me down. The new episodes generated the same amount of joy I experienced ___6___ I watched Eve (sandra Oh) and Villanelle( Jodie Comer) dance around each other during the first go-around, only this time the stakes were considerably ___7___ (high).
As Phoebe Waller-Bridged, noted “Killing Eve is a character study on two lives, two women and their circumstances, their homes, their wants, their fears and ___8___ keeps them from ending it all. It's just that ____9____happens to be an assasin (暗杀者) and the other a spy. If I've done my job right, the audience ___10___ feel equally chilled as they are excited by the determination of these women, their journeys and how drawn they are to one another.
【答案】1. not only
2. that 3. maintain
4. who 5. screened
6. when 7. higher
8. what 9. one
10. can/should
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了《杀死夏娃》第二季带给我的观剧感受。
【1题详解】
考查连词。句意：我们最喜欢的电视节目不仅无法达到更高的高度，而且它们甚至不会接近曾经的成功水平。not only..but (also)表示“不但……而且”，故填not only。
【2题详解】
考查强调句句型．句意：带着这种愤世嫉俗的心态，我开始接触2018年大热剧集《杀死夏娃》的第二季。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句型，其基本结构为：It is +被强调部分+that+其余部分，本句强调的是状语with this cynical mentality，故填that。
【3题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：一部在第一季的时候写得这么好，演得这么好，让人那么上瘾的连续剧怎么可能在第二季保持同样的质量，尤其是在菲比·沃勒·布里奇，他开发了这部连续剧，在第一季的八集中写了四集，却没有参与第二季的创作的情况下呢？could为情态动词，后面接动词原形，故填maintain。
【4题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上，先行词为Phoebe Waller-Bridge，指人，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故填who。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：《杀死夏娃》第二季，至少提前放映的两集没有让我失望。分析句子结构可知后面didn’t let为谓语动词，screen在此处为非谓语，the two episodes与screen之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填screened。
【6题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：当我第一次看伊芙（桑德拉·欧）和维拉内尔（乔迪·科默）在一起跳舞时，新的剧集也给我带来了同样多的快乐，只是这次的风险（比上次）要高得多。根据句意可知此处表示“当……的时候”，用when引导这个时间状语从句，故填when。
【7题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上，根据“this time”可知此处有一个隐晦的比较意义，是这一次与上一次的比较，应该用形容词比较级，故填higher。
【8题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：正如菲比·沃勒所指出的，“《杀死夏娃》是一个关于两个生命、两个女人及其环境、她们的家庭、她们的需求、她们的恐惧以及是什么阻止她们结束这一切的性格研究。分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，从句中的keeps缺少主语，故填what。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：只是一个碰巧是阿萨德，另一个是间谍。根据后半句the other可知此处构成one…the other的搭配，表示“两个人或物中的一个，另一个”，故填one。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：如果我把工作做好了，观众也会感到同样的振奋。根据句意可知此处填情态动词表示“能够”或者“应当”，故填can/should．
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
How to be a demanding reader
The rules for reading yourself to sleep are easier to follow than are the rules for staying awake while reading. Get into bed in a comfortable position, make sure the light is ___11___ enough to cause slight eyestrain, choose a book that is either terribly difficult or terribly boring-in any event, one that you do not really care whether you read or not-and you will be asleep in a few minutes. Those who are experts in relaxing with a book do not have to wait for ___12___. A comfortable chair in the library will do any time.
Unfortunately, the rules for keeping awake do not consist in doing just the ___13___. It is possible to keep awake while reading in a comfortable chair or even in bed, and people have been known to ___14___ their eyes by reading late in light too dim. What kept the famous ___15___readers awake? One thing certainly—it made a difference to them, a great difference, whether or not they read the book they had in hand.
Whether you manage to keep awake or not depends in large part on your goal in reading. If your aim in reading is to profit from it—to ___16___ somehow in mind or spirit—you have to keep awake. That means reading as actively as possible. It means making an effort—an effort for which you expect to be ___17___.
Good books, fiction or nonfiction, deserve such reading. To use a good book as a helper to fall asleep is pure waste. To fall asleep or, what is the same, to let your mind wander during the hours you planned to devote to reading for profit—that is, ___18___ for understanding—is clearly to defeat your own ___19___.
But the sad fact is that many people who can distinguish between profit and pleasure—between understanding, on the one hand, and entertainment or the mere satisfaction of curiosity, on the other hand—nevertheless ___20___ to carry out their reading plans. They can’t make it even if they know which books give which. The reason is that they do not know how to be demanding readers, how to keep their mind on what they are doing by making it do the work without which no profit can be earned.
【答案】11. D 12. A
13. C 14. F
15. J 16. B
17. G 18. I
19. H 20. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何成为一个高要求的读者的几点建议。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：确保光线不足会引起轻微的眼睛疲劳。作表语形容词，通过后文的eyestrain（眼部疲劳）可以推断出光线不足导致眼睛疲劳，因此选择D.inadequate。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：那些擅长读书放松的人不必等到夜幕降临就能睡着。作动词短语wait for的宾语用名词，根据空后的“A comfortable chair in the library will do any time.”可以判断出：擅长读书放松的人不必等到夜幕降临就能睡着，他们可以坐在图书馆的椅子上随时入睡，因此选择A.nightfall。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，保持清醒的规则不在于只做相反的事。句首unfortunately一词是关键，起到了转折的作用，可判断出保持醒着的状态也并不是做与上面相反的事就行了，且空格前面有the，因此选择C.opposite。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：人们已经知道，在光线太暗的情况下阅读到很晚会使眼睛疲劳。从空前的to判断使用动词原形，且空格后面的意思是在昏暗的灯光下看书，由此推理出会让眼睛疲劳，因此选F.exhaust。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：是什么让著名的烛光读者保持清醒？前面一句提到了在昏暗的灯光下看书，后文继续上面的话题，“是什么让那些为人所知的……的读者保持清醒的？”只有candlelight（烛光）才能跟上一句的light too dim相呼应，此处用名词作定语，因此选J.candlelight。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你读书的目的是为了从中受益，以某种方式在思想或精神上发光，你必须保持清醒。根据前文所说的“profit from it”，即“从阅读中获得益处”，且横线后面是to, 由此判断为动词原形，推断出以某种方式在思想或精神上发光（闪耀），因此选B.shine。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：这意味着努力，你希望得到回报的努力。前文为“making an effort”, 并且由“an effort for which you expect to be”推断出此处缺少表示“回报”的词，因此选G.repaid。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：在你计划用来阅读的时间里，心不在焉地开小差是达不到从中获益的目的的。前面的“that is”指代的是前文的“devote to reading for profit”,且空格后面的“for understanding”与前文并列，此处应该缺少副词修饰动词devote，表示“主要是为了理解”，因此选I.primarily。
【19题详解】
考查固定短语 。句意同上， to defeat one’s own ends表示 “某人达不到目的”，并且前文提到“let your mind wander during the hours you planned ”，意为让自己在计划读书的几个小时里心不在焉地开小差是达不到从中获益的目的的，因此选H.ends.
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：另一方面，他们却没有执行阅读计划。通过上一段的内容以及后文所说“can’t make it”,可以判断此处是fail to - 没能够……，因此选E.fail。
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
A window into the future
Shortly after its opening on the first day of Chinese New Year The Wandering Earth began to gain momentum. In a little over a week, it made 2.8 billion yuan in the ___21___market alone. The film's popularity and success has come as a ___22___ to many reviewers especially since there hasn’t been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past. Many agree that this film will change the ___23___situation and bring in a new age for Chinese science fiction.
As a genre (类型), Chinese science fiction has ___24___general fiction in both the film and publishing industries. Even Liu Cixin's (the author who wrote the short story on which The Wandering Earth is based) The Three Body Problem---which is currently quite popular---didn't have many readers until it was translated into English and won the Hugo Award (雨果奖) in 2015 ___25___, I haven't read much of any genre written in Chinese, but I do notice that there are't many separate sections of the bookstore dedicated to science fiction. I cannot speak for everyone, but some people seem to have ___26___a regarding the genre.
My parents were the type who tried to steer me in the direction of non-fiction and the classics. They believed that science fiction and fantasy were “unrealistic nonsense” and would___27___my brain”. ___28___, great science fiction writers do their research. More often than not, one can learn a great deal about science and its possible development from reading science fiction. Sure, some of the concepts may be confusing or technical in nature, but that is also part of the ___29___. Things like the internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized in science fiction before they were ___30___. The author simply uses a ___31___of science and his imagination to create worlds different from the Earth of today, from which we can get bits and pieces that can be turned into a ___32___.
The world is changing. There may very well be a time when Earth is no longer able to ___33___the entire population. We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships; perhaps we will be___34___to move Earth to a new solar system just like The Wandering Earth. Each of these scenarios(设想) has appeared in science fiction multiple times.___35___we are to be prepared for what is to come, we can 1ook into modern science fiction for a window into the future.
21. A. outdoor B. domestic C. depressed D. global
22. A. achievement B. compliment C. surprise D. priority
23. A. embarrassing B. extreme C. risky D. complicate
24. A. contributed to B. taken over C. made up D. lagged behind
25. A. Personally B. Obviously C. Fortunately D. Hopefully
26. A. confidence B. ambitions C. suspicions D. misunderstandings
27. A. damage B. rot C. form D. swing
28. A. In addition B. For instance C. In fact D. As a result
29. A. compound B. investigation C. memory D. appeal
30. A. imagined B. operated C. restored D. invented
31. A. combination B. perspective C. definition D. consequence
32. A. mystery B. restriction C. connection D. reality
33. A. protect B. sustain C. double D. estimate
34. A. willing B. thrilled C. forced D. allowed
35. A. Though B. If C. Since D. Before
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，从《流浪地球》这部电影的大火入手介绍了中国科幻作品的现状以及对科幻小说的思考。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：仅在一周多一点的时间里，《流浪地球》就在国内市场上赚了28亿元人民币。A. outdoor室外的；B. domestic国内的；C. depressed抑郁的；D. global全球的。根据空前的“2.8 billion yuan”可知，仅在一周多一点的时间里，《流浪地球》就在国内的市场上赚了28亿元人民币，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部电影的受欢迎程度和成功程度对许多评论家来说都是一个惊喜，尤其是在过去，中国的科幻作品还没有那么成功。A. achievement成就；B. compliment赞美；C. surprise惊喜； D. priority优先。根据空后的“especially since there hasn’t been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past.”可知，过去中国的科幻作品还没有那么成功，因此这部电影的受欢迎程度和成功程度对许多评论家来说都是一个惊喜，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人同意这部电影将改变中国科幻小说尴尬的境况，并将中国的科幻小说带到新的时代。A. embarrassing尴尬的；B. extreme极端；C. risky有风险的；D. complicate复杂的。上文说过去中国的科幻作品并不成功，因此许多人同意这部电影的大火将改变中国科幻小说尴尬的境况，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国科幻小说在电影和出版业都落后于普通小说，就连刘慈欣的《三体问题》（目前相当流行）也没有多少读者，直到它被翻译成英语，并在2015年获得雨果奖。A. contributed to 促成；B. taken over接替；C. made up弥补；D. lagged behind落后。根据空后举的刘慈欣的例子可知，中国科幻小说在电影和出版业都落后于普通小说，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我个人也没有读过很多不同体裁的中文小说，但我确实注意到，书店里没有太多专门放科幻小说的独立部分。Personally个人地；B. Obviously明显地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Hopefully有希望地。空后是作者在发表自己的个人看法，因此此处表示“个人地”，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能代表每个人说话，但有些人似乎对这一体裁有误解。A. confidence 自信；B. ambitions抱负；C. suspicions猜疑；D. misunderstandings误解。上文说科幻小说的读者很少，再结合下文我父母的看法可知，有些人对科幻小说有误解，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们认为科幻和幻想是不切实际的胡说八道，会腐蚀我的大脑。A. damage损坏；B. rot腐烂；C. form形成；D. swing摆动。我的父母是那种试图引导我走向非小说和古典文学的人，他们认为科幻和幻想是不切实际的胡说八道，会腐蚀我的大脑，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，伟大的科幻作家都在做他们的研究。通常情况下，人们可以从阅读科幻小说中获得大量关于科学及其可能发展的信息。A. In addition此外；B. For instance例如；C. In fact事实上；D. As a result结果是。根据空后的内容可知，作者是在澄清事实，此处表示“事实上”，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，有些概念在本质上可能令人困惑或技术性的，但这也是吸引力的一部分。A. compound化合物、混合物；B. investigation调查；C. memory记忆；D, appeal吸引力。根据转折连词but可知，有些概念可能令人困惑或技术性的，但这也是吸引力的一部分，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像互联网、电动汽车和平板电脑等事物在发明之前首先在科学小说中被理论化。A. imagined想象；B. operated操作；C. restored恢复；D. invented发明。根据空前的“Things like the internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized in science fiction”可知，像互联网、电动汽车和平板电脑等事物在发明之前首先在科学小说中被理论化了，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科幻作家只是简单地将科学和他想象力相结合，来创造不同于当今地球的世界。A. combination结合；B. perspective视角；C. definition定义；D. consequence后果。根据空后的“of science and his imagination to create worlds different from the Earth of today,”可知，科幻作家将科学和想象力结合起来创造不同于当今地球的世界，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们从中能够得到可以转化为现实的点点滴滴。A. mystery神秘；B. restriction限制；C. connection联系；D. reality现实。科幻作家将科学和想象力结合起来创造不同于当今地球的世界，我们从中得到可以转化为现实的点点滴滴，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地球不再能够承受整个世界的人口的时候，我们可能生活在火星上，也可能生活在巨型宇宙飞船中。A. protect保护；B. sustain维持，承受；C. double双倍；D. estimate估计。根据空后的“We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships”可知，将来很有可能地球不再能够承受整个世界的人口了，所以我们可能生活在火星上或巨型宇宙飞船上生活，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许我们将被迫将地球移动到一个新的太阳系，就像《流浪地球》一样。A. willing愿意的；B. thrilled激动的；C. forced被迫的；D. allowed被允许的。根据空后的“just like The Wandering Earth.”可知，也许我们将被迫将地球移动到一个新的太阳系，就像《流浪地球》一样，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要为即将到来的事情做好准备，我们就可以进入现代科幻小说，为未来打开一扇窗户。A. Though尽管；B. If如果；C. Since自从；D. Before在……之前。 根据空后的“we are to be prepared for what is to come, we can 1ook into modern science fiction for a window into the future.”可知，如果我们要为即将到来的事情做好准备，我们就可以进入现代科幻小说，为未来打开一扇窗户，故选B。
【点睛】本篇第7题A项damage的干扰性较大，有些同学根据前面我的父母是那种试图引导我走向非小说和古典文学的人判断父母认为科幻小说会损害我的大脑，所以就不假思索地选A，但“不良”文学作品对大脑应该是“腐蚀”更为合理，故选B项 rot。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The following sad but true tale concerns my great-uncle, a wonderful, jolly, beloved man who was over six feet four and probably weighed close to three hundred pounds. He was also well-educated and in the early 1900s became a full-time Baptist minister. A kindly, gentle man despite his size, Uncle Alden Bentley’s only real fault seemed to be that he was terribly clumsy. As a young minister, he was paying a pastoral call one day on a woman in Dillon, South Carolina, when he accidentally sat on her Chihuahua, Twinkle, and killed it. As the lady searched for and called for her dog throughout the house, Uncle Alden felt underneath his hip and, realizing what he had done, panicked and slipped the dead dog into his coat pocket. Although he was devastated, he could not bring himself to tell the woman what had happened.
Five years later, he returned to the same home for an overnight visit and resolved to unburden himself by finally telling the woman exactly what had happened to Twinkie. She had just had the guest room prepared and had hung brand-new curtains. To make Uncle feel welcome, she had placed on the bedside table a large pitcher of ice water and a glass, as well as a pen and a bottle of ink, so he could work on his sermon before retiring.
Uncle liked to sleep with the window open and got up in the night to open it. As he did, he knocked over what he assumed to be a full glass of water. Then, groping along the walls in an unsuccessful search for the light switch, he retraced his steps several times before raising the window and settling back on the bed for the night. When he opened his eyes the next morning, he was horrified. The fresh wallpaper on two walls was covered with great black stains. The crisp white curtains were thoroughly spoiled with the prints of Uncle's huge paws. It had not been the water glass he'd overturned during the night-it had been the ink bottle.
In a shaken state of mind and knowing he must face the hostess, Uncle dressed hurriedly and started down the stairs outside the guest room. As he approached the landing, his foot slipped.
"Are you hurt?" His hostess cried as she rushed to Uncle's side.
"No," said Uncle as he rose to his feet, "but I have devastated your home." With that he quickly walked out the front door and, at the end of the walk, turned and said to his hostess with deep respect, "Twinkie had a Christian burial."
He then retired from the ministry and became a teacher of philosophy for many years at a private preparatory school in Massachusetts.
36. What was the job of Uncle Alden when he was visiting the lady’s home?
A. A government official. B. A teacher.
C. A house agent. D. A churchman.
37. What does the underlined word “retiring”mean in the second paragraph?
A. giving up work B. pulling back
C. going away D. going to bed
38. Which of the following statements about Uncle Alden is TRUE?
A. He suffered from a guilty conscience after the first visit to the lady’s home.
B. His rudeness led to a mess of the guest room during the second visit to the lady’s home.
C. He kept the death of Twinkie as a secret from the hostess all through the two visits.
D. His visits to the lady’s home always ended with rage and fury.
39. What kind of tone is adapted by the writer in this short story?
A. Sympathetic B. Critical
C. Humorous D. Indifferent
【答案】36. D 37. D 38. A 39. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者以幽默的语气讲述了Uncle Alden的趣事。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a young minister, he was paying a pastoral call one day on a woman in Dillon, South Carolina, when he accidentally sat on her Chihuahua, Twinkle, and killed it. ”可知，Uncle Alden是一位牧师，所以选 D。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。本题根据画线词前的“he returned to the same home for an overnight visit”和“She had just had the guest room prepared and had hung brand-new curtains. ”可以判断出，Uncle Alden在晚上到访，并且女主人给他安置好了客房，所以可以推断出，画线词的意思是上床休息，所以选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Five years later, he returned to the same home for an overnight visit and resolved to unburden himself by finally telling the woman exactly what had happened to Twinkie.”可知，五年后，他再次造访这个女人的家，并决心解除自己的负担，最终告诉她他把她的狗压死了，由此可知，Uncle Alden在第一次拜访那位女士的家后就感到内疚，所以选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章对cle Alden压死女主人的狗、在夜里打翻墨水弄得满墙以及他说为女主人的狗举行了基督教葬礼等情节可以看出，作者是一种幽默的语气介绍Uncle Alden的，所以选C。
(B)
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A. StlawrenceCruiselines. com B. VisitGreensboroNC. com
C. ExploreFairbanks.com D. Caravan.com
41. Which of the following applicants may have the chance of winning a free trip?
A. Morgan, a retired Canadian teacher B. Jennifer, primary student from Alaska
C. Peter, a salesman on overseas trip to U. S. D. Lincoln, a senior from Chicago University
42. Which of the following statements is TURE?
A. You may get the chance to explore Fairbanks for free by visiting Fairbanks.com
B. You needn’t pay any fees to apply for a free trip via text or RD. com.
C. Greensboro can be a perfect destination for collectors of artifacts.
D. Alaska is not a good choice for those who want to experience urban charm.
【答案】40. D 41. D 42. C
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几则家庭度假的旅游信息。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据题意可知，该顾客需要选择包办蜜月之旅，而Costa Rica 9-day Tour S1295包括全程导游、所有酒店，所有餐饮、完整的观光以及所有活动（Fully guided tour. All hotels, all meals, complete sightseeing, and all activities included. ），所以Costa Rica 9-day Tour S1295最符合，它的网站是Caravan. Com，所以选D。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章中“Sweepstakes open to residents of the U. S, age 21 and over.”可知，对21岁及以上的美国居民开放的抽奖活动，所以芝加哥大学大四学生林肯可能有机会赢得免费旅游，所以选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据右侧栏对格林斯博罗的介绍“the world’s largest retailer of old and new
china, crystal, silver and collectibles.”可知，格林斯博罗是全球最大的新旧瓷器、水晶、银饰和收藏品的零售商，由此可知它是文物收藏家的理想去处，所以选C。
(C)
Before the age of the smartphone, photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all good amateur photographers, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.
The new ease of photography has given us a tremendous appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat or the cat’s breakfast. Even photo journalists are experimenting with mobile phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments.
In the past, magazines published unforgettable photos of important people and global events that captured our imaginations. These photos had the power to change public opinion and even the course of history. But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long.
As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer.
The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps-- like Hipstamatic or Instagram --- which encourage the use of filters （滤镜）. Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Photographers using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images--- but also controversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war, while distancing us from those who fight in them.
Yet photography has always been more subjective than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions-- where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and what to leave out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories--- and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters, and in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing.
Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a dramatic change in our way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.
43. According to the author, there are fewer memorable photographs today because_________.
A. the quality of many images is still poor
B. there are so many good images these days
C. traditional media refuse to allow amateur photos
D. most images are not appealing to a global audience
44. The author put the word “ improved” in quotation marks in order to _________.
A. indicate it’s a word cited from another source
B. stress that the picture of reality is greatly improved
C. draw audience attention to a word worth considering
D. show it’s arguable whether the picture is truly improved
45. Which of the statements does the author most likely agree with?
A. The daily life pictures are very expressive themselves.
B. Photographs of the digital age are more subjective than before.
C. Photos altered by filters of camera apps are too subjective to be true.
D. Many members of the media value daily life images over major social events.
46. What may be the best title for the passage?
A. Camera Apps Bury Authenticity
B. Photography Redefined: A Visual Language
C. Smartphone: Killer of Professional Photography
D. The Shifting Standards of Professional Photography
【答案】43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着手机相机App的兴起， 以及像素等的提高，我们普通人也可以拍出高质量的照片，我们正在见证这种视觉语言的发展。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long. ”可知，但如果现在有较少值得纪念的照片，那并不是因为好的照片较少，这是因为有太多，没有一张能长时间保持特别，由此可知，作者认为现在值得纪念的照片较少是因为好的照片太多了，所以选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. ”可知，在数字照片出现之前，大多数人相信照片能准确地反映现实，如今，照片可以以肉眼可能永远不会注意到的方式改变，摄影记者经过训练，能够准确地再现他们所目睹的一切。然而，任何照片都可以被改变，以创造一个“改进”的现实画面，通过Yet 这个词可以看出作者对它的真实性有疑问，因为现在业余的摄影者也可以通过技巧使得照片变得真实，由此可知，作者把改进加引号是为了说明照片是否真的得到了改进是有争议的，所以选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing.”可知，在这个过程中，错过了日常生活中那些不那么戏剧化的画面，而这些画面同样可以揭示问题，由此可知，作者会同意日常生活中的照片很有表现力，所以选A。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language.”可知，文章主要介绍了随着手机相机App的兴起， 以及像素等的提高，我们普通人也可以拍出高质量的照片，我们正在见证这种视觉语言的发展，
所以选B（摄影重新定义：视觉语言）。
【点睛】主旨大意题的难度较大，抓住文章首尾两段是关键，因为社会生活类文章通常在第一段引出社会现象，中间部分对这一现象进行讨论，最后一段进行总结，例如本篇第4题，第一段引出了文章介绍的社会现象——随着手机相机App的兴起， 以及像素等的提高，我们普通人也可以拍出高质量的照片，最后一段中的“Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language.”对这种现象进行总结——我们正在见证这种视觉语言的发展，所以B（摄影重新定义：视觉语言）最适合作文章标题。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Choosing a brand name
Talk to anyone ín the business world and they will tell you that a good advertising campaign can only get you so far___47___So how do you go about choosing one?
A descriptive business name, for example 'Pete's Bakery', might secm the best solution. It effectively communicates what your business is so it is easy for people to understand what you đo.This is especially useful if you are a small business with limited advertising budgets. Another bonus is that this sort of name will be thrown up in internet searches, so you may get easy additional business.
However, descriptive names have some drawbacks. The biggest ore is if you later decide to expand your business to other areas___48___Another disadvantage is that these generic names can easily be confused wrih similarly named competitors—your customers may find them when they were looking for you.
An increasing number of companies and freelancers are creating a brand around their own name. Think of Adidas or Kellogg'—when they set up their companies, Adi Dassler and Wlliam Kellogg were unknown but they have been so successful that their names have become world-famous brands___49___This strategy demands more marketing and a strong advertising campaign, which can be costly.
So how do you go about inventing a name? One method is to use acronyms or abbreviations, for exemple IKEA （IngvaKumprad Elmtaryd Agunaryd）. If you prefer, you can use combined names such as Microsoft（Micro+soft）.___50___It is well worth taking as long as you need to come up with the name that will suit the business and that you can be proud of.
A.Clearly, 'Pete's Bakery' will no longer be a good company name if you want to branch out into catering or gourmet food.
B. The downside of this, of course, is that until you're well-known, it can be harđ for potental clients to find you.
C. Whichever approach you take, don't rush to choose your brand name.
D. Advertising has existed for thousands of years but brand names are a relaively new idea.
E. To get any further, you need a brand name that people will remember and that will make your product or company stand out.
F. They also set your brund apart—they are disintive and there is no confusion with competitors.
【答案】47. E 48. A
49. B 50. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何选择一个品牌名称的几点建议。
【47题详解】
根据空前的“Talk to anyone ín the business world and they will tell you that a good advertising campaign can only get you so far”可知，与商界的任何人交谈，他们都会告诉你，一个好的广告活动只能让你走到目前为止，此处承接上文，讲的是如果你想更进一步应该采取的做法，同时空后的one指代的就是E项中的a brand name，所以选E(要想得更远，你需要一个人们会记住的品牌名称, 这将使你的产品或公司脱颖而出)。
【48题详解】
根据空前的“The biggest ore is if you later decide to expand your business to other areas”可知，最大的问题是你以后是否决定将业务扩展到其他领域，此处是对前面的举例说明，所以选A（很明显，如果你想扩展到餐饮或美食领域，“皮特面包店”将不再是一个好的公司名称）。
【49题详解】
根据空前的“Think of Adidas or Kellogg'—when they set up their companies, Adi Dassler and Wlliam Kellogg were unknown but they have been so successful that their names have become world-famous brands”可知，想想阿迪达斯或凯洛格——当他们成立自己的公司时，阿迪达斯勒和沃利安凯洛格并不为人所知，但他们非常成功，以至于他们的名字已经成为世界知名品牌，这是成功的一面，此处还是承接这个话题，并与之形成转折关系，讲的是用人名给品牌命名的缺点，所以选B（当然，这样做的缺点是，在人们知道你之前，潜在的客户可能很难找到你）。
【50题详解】
空前提到了用缩写或是组合名称给品牌命名的方法，此处总结上文，讲的是选择这两种方法应该注意的事项，所以选C（无论你采取哪种方法，都不要急于选择你的品牌）。
【点睛】在六选四解题过程中，空格上下文出现的代词的指代关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第1题，根据空前的“Talk to anyone ín the business world and they will tell you that a good advertising campaign can only get you so far”可知，与商界的任何人交谈，他们都会告诉你，一个好的广告活动只能让你走到目前为止，此处承接上文，讲的是如果你想更进一步应该采取的做法，同时空后的one表明空处应该会出现一个对应上文话题的名词或名词性短语，one指代的就是E项中的a brand name，所以选E(要想得更远，你需要一个人们会记住的品牌名称, 这将使你的产品或公司脱颖而出)。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in differ ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer."
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication--e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations---found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive hews shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn. colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was hat articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed The Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting of funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article was, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.
【答案】Nowadays, scientists have discovered that good news can travel faster and more widespread compared with bad news. It is because people care about other’s response when sharing experience. They also find that articles about science are more attractive than non-science ones. Moreover, inspiring and amusing articles enjoy populating among readers.
【解析】
分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括科学家的新发现，包括如今好消息比坏消息传播得更快、更广泛；关于科学的文章比非科学的文章更有吸引力，以及鼓舞人心和有趣的文章喜欢在读者中流行，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 光刷题不反思是没有用处的。(no use)
53. 即使你在面试中脱颖而出， 你也不能骄傲自满(stand)
54. 在孩子选专业的时候,父母总是越俎代庖, 殊不知, 这样并不是对孩子好。(benefit n.)
55. 在毕业典礼上, 她回忆起第一次进入高中校园时青涩而懵懂的样子, 如今她成熟而自信，并做好准备，迎接未来的挑战。(recall)
【答案】52. It’s no use doing many exercises without reflecting on them.
53. Even if you stand out in the interview, you cannot feel too proud.
54. When children are choosing their majors, their parents always take their children’s jobs into hand/go beyond their duties/ make decisions for their children, what they don’t realize is that it isn’t for their children’s benefits/isn’t of benefit to their children.
55. At the graduation ceremony, she recalled her naive and ignorant appearance when she first entered the high school campus and now she is mature and confident and ready to face the challenges in the future.
【解析】
本题考查翻译，注意按括号内的要求进行翻译。
【52题详解】
考查固定句式。It is no use doing表示“做……是没用的”，reflect on表示“思考、反思”，故翻译为：It’s no use doing many exercises without reflecting on them.
【53题详解】
考查让步状语从句和动词短语。stand out表示“突出”，根据句意可知此处用even if(即使)引导让步状语从句，故翻译为：Even if you stand out in the interview, you cannot feel too proud.
【54题详解】
考查固定短语和主语（表语）从句。take sth into hand/go beyond one’s duties/ make decisions for sb “越俎代庖”,be for sb’s benefit/be of benefit to sb表示“对某人有益”，根据句意可知用what引导主语从句，在句中作don’t realize的宾语，并用that引导表语从句，故翻译为：When children are choosing their majors, their parents always take their children’s jobs into hand/go beyond their duties/ make decisions for their children, what they don’t realize is that it isn’t for their children’s benefits/isn’t of benefit to their children.
【55题详解】
考查recall的用法和时态。recall是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，讲述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故翻译为：At the graduation ceremony, she recalled her naive and ignorant appearance when she first entered the high school campus and now she is mature and confident and ready to face the challenges in the future.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，请给他回复一封电子邮件，必须包括以下内容:
● 你愿意一起报班学习，并告知感兴趣的内容，二选一；
● 阐述你选择的理由。
(注意:文中请不要出现真实的校名人名)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In the E-mail, you mentioned you want to sign up for class to learn driving or a second foreign language after the college entrance examination, and asked me whether I am interested in learning it together. I think learning to drive is good in such a long vacation.
With the development of society, everyone will have their own car so that it’s necessary for us to drive cars. If we learn to driving cars in the holidays, we can practise driving every day, which is much faster than only in your spare time. Next knowing that we are able to drive cars makes us more confident. What’s more, the ability to drive brings us independence and convenience, which means you can go wherever and whenever you want. My dear friend , do you think so?
I am looking forward to receiving your apply!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文为应用文。你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，你给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括你愿意一起报班学习，并阐述你选择的理由。
【详解】本文为邮件，即书信体。书信体一般包括三个部分。第一部分是写信的目的。即我愿意和你一起学驾驶。第二部分叙述学驾驶的好处。可以从以下几个方面写，如可每天练习开车，学的快。开车让我们更自信。会带来了独立和便利等。最后一部分写期待对方的回信。写作时多用高级词汇，句式相对要灵活些，单句与复句相结合。在列举理由时要用顺序连词，上下文意思连贯。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
【点睛】本文符合书信体的要求，文中运用了一引起较高级的词汇如sign up for…; be interested in; practise doing sth.; the ability to do…; spare time; what’s more等。句式相对灵活多样，有一些较高级的句式，如宾语从句asked me whether I am interested in learning it together；状语从句everyone will have their own car so that it’s necessary for us to drive cars；定语从句we can practise driving every day, which is much faster than only in your spare time；非谓语knowing that we are able to drive cars makes us more confident；定语从句中有一个状语从句the ability to drive brings us independence and convenience, which means you can go wherever and whenever you want等，这些都彰显了文章的档次。
2018学年上海省上海市浦东新区建平中学
高三第二学期5月英语质量检测试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
There's a widely-accepted line of thinking, especially in 2019 that says the people and things we love will eventually let us down.
It's never an if, always a when. So our heroes will inevitably to be trash monsters. Our favorite bands will in enter an experimental phase, even though no one asked them to. And our favorite TV shows will ___1___fail to reach greater heights, but they won't even come close to the same level of success they once had.
It was with this cynical mentality ___2___ I approached the second season of 2018’s breakout hit Killing Eve. How could a series that was so well written, so well acted, and so fiercely addictive in freshman season possibly___3___ (maintain) the same level of quality in Season 2, especially since Phoebe Waller-Bridge,___4___developed the series for TV and wrote four of the first season’s eight episodes, wasn't involved in the writing of the second? It seemed like an impossible task.
But then a strange thing happened: Killing Eve’s second season, at least the two episodes ___5___ (screen) in advance for critics, didn't let me down. The new episodes generated the same amount of joy I experienced ___6___ I watched Eve (sandra Oh) and Villanelle( Jodie Comer) dance around each other during the first go-around, only this time the stakes were considerably ___7___ (high).
As Phoebe Waller-Bridged, noted “Killing Eve is a character study on two lives, two women and their circumstances, their homes, their wants, their fears and ___8___ keeps them from ending it all. It's just that ____9____happens to be an assasin (暗杀者) and the other a spy. If I've done my job right, the audience ___10___ feel equally chilled as they are excited by the determination of these women, their journeys and how drawn they are to one another.
【答案】1. not only
2. that 3. maintain
4. who 5. screened
6. when 7. higher
8. what 9. one
10. can/should
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了《杀死夏娃》第二季带给我的观剧感受。
【1题详解】
考查连词。句意：我们最喜欢的电视节目不仅无法达到更高的高度，而且它们甚至不会接近曾经的成功水平。not only..but (also)表示“不但……而且”，故填not only。
【2题详解】
考查强调句句型．句意：带着这种愤世嫉俗的心态，我开始接触2018年大热剧集《杀死夏娃》的第二季。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句型，其基本结构为：It is +被强调部分+that+其余部分，本句强调的是状语with this cynical mentality，故填that。
【3题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：一部在第一季的时候写得这么好，演得这么好，让人那么上瘾的连续剧怎么可能在第二季保持同样的质量，尤其是在菲比·沃勒·布里奇，他开发了这部连续剧，在第一季的八集中写了四集，却没有参与第二季的创作的情况下呢？could为情态动词，后面接动词原形，故填maintain。
【4题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上，先行词为Phoebe Waller-Bridge，指人，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故填who。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：《杀死夏娃》第二季，至少提前放映的两集没有让我失望。分析句子结构可知后面didn’t let为谓语动词，screen在此处为非谓语，the two episodes与screen之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填screened。
【6题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：当我第一次看伊芙（桑德拉·欧）和维拉内尔（乔迪·科默）在一起跳舞时，新的剧集也给我带来了同样多的快乐，只是这次的风险（比上次）要高得多。根据句意可知此处表示“当……的时候”，用when引导这个时间状语从句，故填when。
【7题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上，根据“this time”可知此处有一个隐晦的比较意义，是这一次与上一次的比较，应该用形容词比较级，故填higher。
【8题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：正如菲比·沃勒所指出的，“《杀死夏娃》是一个关于两个生命、两个女人及其环境、她们的家庭、她们的需求、她们的恐惧以及是什么阻止她们结束这一切的性格研究。分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，从句中的keeps缺少主语，故填what。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：只是一个碰巧是阿萨德，另一个是间谍。根据后半句the other可知此处构成one…the other的搭配，表示“两个人或物中的一个，另一个”，故填one。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：如果我把工作做好了，观众也会感到同样的振奋。根据句意可知此处填情态动词表示“能够”或者“应当”，故填can/should．
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
How to be a demanding reader
The rules for reading yourself to sleep are easier to follow than are the rules for staying awake while reading. Get into bed in a comfortable position, make sure the light is ___11___ enough to cause slight eyestrain, choose a book that is either terribly difficult or terribly boring-in any event, one that you do not really care whether you read or not-and you will be asleep in a few minutes. Those who are experts in relaxing with a book do not have to wait for ___12___. A comfortable chair in the library will do any time.
Unfortunately, the rules for keeping awake do not consist in doing just the ___13___. It is possible to keep awake while reading in a comfortable chair or even in bed, and people have been known to ___14___ their eyes by reading late in light too dim. What kept the famous ___15___readers awake? One thing certainly—it made a difference to them, a great difference, whether or not they read the book they had in hand.
Whether you manage to keep awake or not depends in large part on your goal in reading. If your aim in reading is to profit from it—to ___16___ somehow in mind or spirit—you have to keep awake. That means reading as actively as possible. It means making an effort—an effort for which you expect to be ___17___.
Good books, fiction or nonfiction, deserve such reading. To use a good book as a helper to fall asleep is pure waste. To fall asleep or, what is the same, to let your mind wander during the hours you planned to devote to reading for profit—that is, ___18___ for understanding—is clearly to defeat your own ___19___.
But the sad fact is that many people who can distinguish between profit and pleasure—between understanding, on the one hand, and entertainment or the mere satisfaction of curiosity, on the other hand—nevertheless ___20___ to carry out their reading plans. They can’t make it even if they know which books give which. The reason is that they do not know how to be demanding readers, how to keep their mind on what they are doing by making it do the work without which no profit can be earned.
【答案】11. D 12. A
13. C 14. F
15. J 16. B
17. G 18. I
19. H 20. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何成为一个高要求的读者的几点建议。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：确保光线不足会引起轻微的眼睛疲劳。作表语形容词，通过后文的eyestrain（眼部疲劳）可以推断出光线不足导致眼睛疲劳，因此选择D.inadequate。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：那些擅长读书放松的人不必等到夜幕降临就能睡着。作动词短语wait for的宾语用名词，根据空后的“A comfortable chair in the library will do any time.”可以判断出：擅长读书放松的人不必等到夜幕降临就能睡着，他们可以坐在图书馆的椅子上随时入睡，因此选择A.nightfall。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，保持清醒的规则不在于只做相反的事。句首unfortunately一词是关键，起到了转折的作用，可判断出保持醒着的状态也并不是做与上面相反的事就行了，且空格前面有the，因此选择C.opposite。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：人们已经知道，在光线太暗的情况下阅读到很晚会使眼睛疲劳。从空前的to判断使用动词原形，且空格后面的意思是在昏暗的灯光下看书，由此推理出会让眼睛疲劳，因此选F.exhaust。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：是什么让著名的烛光读者保持清醒？前面一句提到了在昏暗的灯光下看书，后文继续上面的话题，“是什么让那些为人所知的……的读者保持清醒的？”只有candlelight（烛光）才能跟上一句的light too dim相呼应，此处用名词作定语，因此选J.candlelight。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你读书的目的是为了从中受益，以某种方式在思想或精神上发光，你必须保持清醒。根据前文所说的“profit from it”，即“从阅读中获得益处”，且横线后面是to, 由此判断为动词原形，推断出以某种方式在思想或精神上发光（闪耀），因此选B.shine。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：这意味着努力，你希望得到回报的努力。前文为“making an effort”, 并且由“an effort for which you expect to be”推断出此处缺少表示“回报”的词，因此选G.repaid。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：在你计划用来阅读的时间里，心不在焉地开小差是达不到从中获益的目的的。前面的“that is”指代的是前文的“devote to reading for profit”,且空格后面的“for understanding”与前文并列，此处应该缺少副词修饰动词devote，表示“主要是为了理解”，因此选I.primarily。
【19题详解】
考查固定短语 。句意同上， to defeat one’s own ends表示 “某人达不到目的”，并且前文提到“let your mind wander during the hours you planned ”，意为让自己在计划读书的几个小时里心不在焉地开小差是达不到从中获益的目的的，因此选H.ends.
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：另一方面，他们却没有执行阅读计划。通过上一段的内容以及后文所说“can’t make it”,可以判断此处是fail to - 没能够……，因此选E.fail。
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
A window into the future
Shortly after its opening on the first day of Chinese New Year The Wandering Earth began to gain momentum. In a little over a week, it made 2.8 billion yuan in the ___21___market alone. The film's popularity and success has come as a ___22___ to many reviewers especially since there hasn’t been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past. Many agree that this film will change the ___23___situation and bring in a new age for Chinese science fiction.
As a genre (类型), Chinese science fiction has ___24___general fiction in both the film and publishing industries. Even Liu Cixin's (the author who wrote the short story on which The Wandering Earth is based) The Three Body Problem---which is currently quite popular---didn't have many readers until it was translated into English and won the Hugo Award (雨果奖) in 2015 ___25___, I haven't read much of any genre written in Chinese, but I do notice that there are't many separate sections of the bookstore dedicated to science fiction. I cannot speak for everyone, but some people seem to have ___26___a regarding the genre.
My parents were the type who tried to steer me in the direction of non-fiction and the classics. They believed that science fiction and fantasy were “unrealistic nonsense” and would___27___my brain”. ___28___, great science fiction writers do their research. More often than not, one can learn a great deal about science and its possible development from reading science fiction. Sure, some of the concepts may be confusing or technical in nature, but that is also part of the ___29___. Things like the internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized in science fiction before they were ___30___. The author simply uses a ___31___of science and his imagination to create worlds different from the Earth of today, from which we can get bits and pieces that can be turned into a ___32___.
The world is changing. There may very well be a time when Earth is no longer able to ___33___the entire population. We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships; perhaps we will be___34___to move Earth to a new solar system just like The Wandering Earth. Each of these scenarios(设想) has appeared in science fiction multiple times.___35___we are to be prepared for what is to come, we can 1ook into modern science fiction for a window into the future.
21. A. outdoor B. domestic C. depressed D. global
22. A. achievement B. compliment C. surprise D. priority
23. A. embarrassing B. extreme C. risky D. complicate
24. A. contributed to B. taken over C. made up D. lagged behind
25. A. Personally B. Obviously C. Fortunately D. Hopefully
26. A. confidence B. ambitions C. suspicions D. misunderstandings
27. A. damage B. rot C. form D. swing
28. A. In addition B. For instance C. In fact D. As a result
29. A. compound B. investigation C. memory D. appeal
30. A. imagined B. operated C. restored D. invented
31. A. combination B. perspective C. definition D. consequence
32. A. mystery B. restriction C. connection D. reality
33. A. protect B. sustain C. double D. estimate
34. A. willing B. thrilled C. forced D. allowed
35. A. Though B. If C. Since D. Before
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，从《流浪地球》这部电影的大火入手介绍了中国科幻作品的现状以及对科幻小说的思考。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：仅在一周多一点的时间里，《流浪地球》就在国内市场上赚了28亿元人民币。A. outdoor室外的；B. domestic国内的；C. depressed抑郁的；D. global全球的。根据空前的“2.8 billion yuan”可知，仅在一周多一点的时间里，《流浪地球》就在国内的市场上赚了28亿元人民币，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部电影的受欢迎程度和成功程度对许多评论家来说都是一个惊喜，尤其是在过去，中国的科幻作品还没有那么成功。A. achievement成就；B. compliment赞美；C. surprise惊喜； D. priority优先。根据空后的“especially since there hasn’t been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction in the past.”可知，过去中国的科幻作品还没有那么成功，因此这部电影的受欢迎程度和成功程度对许多评论家来说都是一个惊喜，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人同意这部电影将改变中国科幻小说尴尬的境况，并将中国的科幻小说带到新的时代。A. embarrassing尴尬的；B. extreme极端；C. risky有风险的；D. complicate复杂的。上文说过去中国的科幻作品并不成功，因此许多人同意这部电影的大火将改变中国科幻小说尴尬的境况，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国科幻小说在电影和出版业都落后于普通小说，就连刘慈欣的《三体问题》（目前相当流行）也没有多少读者，直到它被翻译成英语，并在2015年获得雨果奖。A. contributed to 促成；B. taken over接替；C. made up弥补；D. lagged behind落后。根据空后举的刘慈欣的例子可知，中国科幻小说在电影和出版业都落后于普通小说，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我个人也没有读过很多不同体裁的中文小说，但我确实注意到，书店里没有太多专门放科幻小说的独立部分。Personally个人地；B. Obviously明显地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Hopefully有希望地。空后是作者在发表自己的个人看法，因此此处表示“个人地”，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能代表每个人说话，但有些人似乎对这一体裁有误解。A. confidence 自信；B. ambitions抱负；C. suspicions猜疑；D. misunderstandings误解。上文说科幻小说的读者很少，再结合下文我父母的看法可知，有些人对科幻小说有误解，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们认为科幻和幻想是不切实际的胡说八道，会腐蚀我的大脑。A. damage损坏；B. rot腐烂；C. form形成；D. swing摆动。我的父母是那种试图引导我走向非小说和古典文学的人，他们认为科幻和幻想是不切实际的胡说八道，会腐蚀我的大脑，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，伟大的科幻作家都在做他们的研究。通常情况下，人们可以从阅读科幻小说中获得大量关于科学及其可能发展的信息。A. In addition此外；B. For instance例如；C. In fact事实上；D. As a result结果是。根据空后的内容可知，作者是在澄清事实，此处表示“事实上”，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，有些概念在本质上可能令人困惑或技术性的，但这也是吸引力的一部分。A. compound化合物、混合物；B. investigation调查；C. memory记忆；D, appeal吸引力。根据转折连词but可知，有些概念可能令人困惑或技术性的，但这也是吸引力的一部分，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像互联网、电动汽车和平板电脑等事物在发明之前首先在科学小说中被理论化。A. imagined想象；B. operated操作；C. restored恢复；D. invented发明。根据空前的“Things like the internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized in science fiction”可知，像互联网、电动汽车和平板电脑等事物在发明之前首先在科学小说中被理论化了，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科幻作家只是简单地将科学和他想象力相结合，来创造不同于当今地球的世界。A. combination结合；B. perspective视角；C. definition定义；D. consequence后果。根据空后的“of science and his imagination to create worlds different from the Earth of today,”可知，科幻作家将科学和想象力结合起来创造不同于当今地球的世界，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们从中能够得到可以转化为现实的点点滴滴。A. mystery神秘；B. restriction限制；C. connection联系；D. reality现实。科幻作家将科学和想象力结合起来创造不同于当今地球的世界，我们从中得到可以转化为现实的点点滴滴，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地球不再能够承受整个世界的人口的时候，我们可能生活在火星上，也可能生活在巨型宇宙飞船中。A. protect保护；B. sustain维持，承受；C. double双倍；D. estimate估计。根据空后的“We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships”可知，将来很有可能地球不再能够承受整个世界的人口了，所以我们可能生活在火星上或巨型宇宙飞船上生活，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许我们将被迫将地球移动到一个新的太阳系，就像《流浪地球》一样。A. willing愿意的；B. thrilled激动的；C. forced被迫的；D. allowed被允许的。根据空后的“just like The Wandering Earth.”可知，也许我们将被迫将地球移动到一个新的太阳系，就像《流浪地球》一样，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要为即将到来的事情做好准备，我们就可以进入现代科幻小说，为未来打开一扇窗户。A. Though尽管；B. If如果；C. Since自从；D. Before在……之前。 根据空后的“we are to be prepared for what is to come, we can 1ook into modern science fiction for a window into the future.”可知，如果我们要为即将到来的事情做好准备，我们就可以进入现代科幻小说，为未来打开一扇窗户，故选B。
【点睛】本篇第7题A项damage的干扰性较大，有些同学根据前面我的父母是那种试图引导我走向非小说和古典文学的人判断父母认为科幻小说会损害我的大脑，所以就不假思索地选A，但“不良”文学作品对大脑应该是“腐蚀”更为合理，故选B项 rot。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The following sad but true tale concerns my great-uncle, a wonderful, jolly, beloved man who was over six feet four and probably weighed close to three hundred pounds. He was also well-educated and in the early 1900s became a full-time Baptist minister. A kindly, gentle man despite his size, Uncle Alden Bentley’s only real fault seemed to be that he was terribly clumsy. As a young minister, he was paying a pastoral call one day on a woman in Dillon, South Carolina, when he accidentally sat on her Chihuahua, Twinkle, and killed it. As the lady searched for and called for her dog throughout the house, Uncle Alden felt underneath his hip and, realizing what he had done, panicked and slipped the dead dog into his coat pocket. Although he was devastated, he could not bring himself to tell the woman what had happened.
Five years later, he returned to the same home for an overnight visit and resolved to unburden himself by finally telling the woman exactly what had happened to Twinkie. She had just had the guest room prepared and had hung brand-new curtains. To make Uncle feel welcome, she had placed on the bedside table a large pitcher of ice water and a glass, as well as a pen and a bottle of ink, so he could work on his sermon before retiring.
Uncle liked to sleep with the window open and got up in the night to open it. As he did, he knocked over what he assumed to be a full glass of water. Then, groping along the walls in an unsuccessful search for the light switch, he retraced his steps several times before raising the window and settling back on the bed for the night. When he opened his eyes the next morning, he was horrified. The fresh wallpaper on two walls was covered with great black stains. The crisp white curtains were thoroughly spoiled with the prints of Uncle's huge paws. It had not been the water glass he'd overturned during the night-it had been the ink bottle.
In a shaken state of mind and knowing he must face the hostess, Uncle dressed hurriedly and started down the stairs outside the guest room. As he approached the landing, his foot slipped.
"Are you hurt?" His hostess cried as she rushed to Uncle's side.
"No," said Uncle as he rose to his feet, "but I have devastated your home." With that he quickly walked out the front door and, at the end of the walk, turned and said to his hostess with deep respect, "Twinkie had a Christian burial."
He then retired from the ministry and became a teacher of philosophy for many years at a private preparatory school in Massachusetts.
36. What was the job of Uncle Alden when he was visiting the lady’s home?
A. A government official. B. A teacher.
C. A house agent. D. A churchman.
37. What does the underlined word “retiring”mean in the second paragraph?
A. giving up work B. pulling back
C. going away D. going to bed
38. Which of the following statements about Uncle Alden is TRUE?
A. He suffered from a guilty conscience after the first visit to the lady’s home.
B. His rudeness led to a mess of the guest room during the second visit to the lady’s home.
C. He kept the death of Twinkie as a secret from the hostess all through the two visits.
D. His visits to the lady’s home always ended with rage and fury.
39. What kind of tone is adapted by the writer in this short story?
A. Sympathetic B. Critical
C. Humorous D. Indifferent
【答案】36. D 37. D 38. A 39. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者以幽默的语气讲述了Uncle Alden的趣事。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a young minister, he was paying a pastoral call one day on a woman in Dillon, South Carolina, when he accidentally sat on her Chihuahua, Twinkle, and killed it. ”可知，Uncle Alden是一位牧师，所以选 D。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。本题根据画线词前的“he returned to the same home for an overnight visit”和“She had just had the guest room prepared and had hung brand-new curtains. ”可以判断出，Uncle Alden在晚上到访，并且女主人给他安置好了客房，所以可以推断出，画线词的意思是上床休息，所以选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Five years later, he returned to the same home for an overnight visit and resolved to unburden himself by finally telling the woman exactly what had happened to Twinkie.”可知，五年后，他再次造访这个女人的家，并决心解除自己的负担，最终告诉她他把她的狗压死了，由此可知，Uncle Alden在第一次拜访那位女士的家后就感到内疚，所以选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章对cle Alden压死女主人的狗、在夜里打翻墨水弄得满墙以及他说为女主人的狗举行了基督教葬礼等情节可以看出，作者是一种幽默的语气介绍Uncle Alden的，所以选C。
(B)
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A. StlawrenceCruiselines. com B. VisitGreensboroNC. com
C. ExploreFairbanks.com D. Caravan.com
41. Which of the following applicants may have the chance of winning a free trip?
A. Morgan, a retired Canadian teacher B. Jennifer, primary student from Alaska
C. Peter, a salesman on overseas trip to U. S. D. Lincoln, a senior from Chicago University
42. Which of the following statements is TURE?
A. You may get the chance to explore Fairbanks for free by visiting Fairbanks.com
B. You needn’t pay any fees to apply for a free trip via text or RD. com.
C. Greensboro can be a perfect destination for collectors of artifacts.
D. Alaska is not a good choice for those who want to experience urban charm.
【答案】40. D 41. D 42. C
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几则家庭度假的旅游信息。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据题意可知，该顾客需要选择包办蜜月之旅，而Costa Rica 9-day Tour S1295包括全程导游、所有酒店，所有餐饮、完整的观光以及所有活动（Fully guided tour. All hotels, all meals, complete sightseeing, and all activities included. ），所以Costa Rica 9-day Tour S1295最符合，它的网站是Caravan. Com，所以选D。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章中“Sweepstakes open to residents of the U. S, age 21 and over.”可知，对21岁及以上的美国居民开放的抽奖活动，所以芝加哥大学大四学生林肯可能有机会赢得免费旅游，所以选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据右侧栏对格林斯博罗的介绍“the world’s largest retailer of old and new
china, crystal, silver and collectibles.”可知，格林斯博罗是全球最大的新旧瓷器、水晶、银饰和收藏品的零售商，由此可知它是文物收藏家的理想去处，所以选C。
(C)
Before the age of the smartphone, photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all good amateur photographers, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.
The new ease of photography has given us a tremendous appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat or the cat’s breakfast. Even photo journalists are experimenting with mobile phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments.
In the past, magazines published unforgettable photos of important people and global events that captured our imaginations. These photos had the power to change public opinion and even the course of history. But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long.
As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer.
The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps-- like Hipstamatic or Instagram --- which encourage the use of filters （滤镜）. Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Photographers using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images--- but also controversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war, while distancing us from those who fight in them.
Yet photography has always been more subjective than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions-- where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and what to leave out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories--- and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters, and in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing.
Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a dramatic change in our way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.
43. According to the author, there are fewer memorable photographs today because_________.
A. the quality of many images is still poor
B. there are so many good images these days
C. traditional media refuse to allow amateur photos
D. most images are not appealing to a global audience
44. The author put the word “ improved” in quotation marks in order to _________.
A. indicate it’s a word cited from another source
B. stress that the picture of reality is greatly improved
C. draw audience attention to a word worth considering
D. show it’s arguable whether the picture is truly improved
45. Which of the statements does the author most likely agree with?
A. The daily life pictures are very expressive themselves.
B. Photographs of the digital age are more subjective than before.
C. Photos altered by filters of camera apps are too subjective to be true.
D. Many members of the media value daily life images over major social events.
46. What may be the best title for the passage?
A. Camera Apps Bury Authenticity
B. Photography Redefined: A Visual Language
C. Smartphone: Killer of Professional Photography
D. The Shifting Standards of Professional Photography
【答案】43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着手机相机App的兴起， 以及像素等的提高，我们普通人也可以拍出高质量的照片，我们正在见证这种视觉语言的发展。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long. ”可知，但如果现在有较少值得纪念的照片，那并不是因为好的照片较少，这是因为有太多，没有一张能长时间保持特别，由此可知，作者认为现在值得纪念的照片较少是因为好的照片太多了，所以选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. ”可知，在数字照片出现之前，大多数人相信照片能准确地反映现实，如今，照片可以以肉眼可能永远不会注意到的方式改变，摄影记者经过训练，能够准确地再现他们所目睹的一切。然而，任何照片都可以被改变，以创造一个“改进”的现实画面，通过Yet 这个词可以看出作者对它的真实性有疑问，因为现在业余的摄影者也可以通过技巧使得照片变得真实，由此可知，作者把改进加引号是为了说明照片是否真的得到了改进是有争议的，所以选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing.”可知，在这个过程中，错过了日常生活中那些不那么戏剧化的画面，而这些画面同样可以揭示问题，由此可知，作者会同意日常生活中的照片很有表现力，所以选A。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language.”可知，文章主要介绍了随着手机相机App的兴起， 以及像素等的提高，我们普通人也可以拍出高质量的照片，我们正在见证这种视觉语言的发展，
所以选B（摄影重新定义：视觉语言）。
【点睛】主旨大意题的难度较大，抓住文章首尾两段是关键，因为社会生活类文章通常在第一段引出社会现象，中间部分对这一现象进行讨论，最后一段进行总结，例如本篇第4题，第一段引出了文章介绍的社会现象——随着手机相机App的兴起， 以及像素等的提高，我们普通人也可以拍出高质量的照片，最后一段中的“Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language.”对这种现象进行总结——我们正在见证这种视觉语言的发展，所以B（摄影重新定义：视觉语言）最适合作文章标题。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Choosing a brand name
Talk to anyone ín the business world and they will tell you that a good advertising campaign can only get you so far___47___So how do you go about choosing one?
A descriptive business name, for example 'Pete's Bakery', might secm the best solution. It effectively communicates what your business is so it is easy for people to understand what you đo.This is especially useful if you are a small business with limited advertising budgets. Another bonus is that this sort of name will be thrown up in internet searches, so you may get easy additional business.
However, descriptive names have some drawbacks. The biggest ore is if you later decide to expand your business to other areas___48___Another disadvantage is that these generic names can easily be confused wrih similarly named competitors—your customers may find them when they were looking for you.
An increasing number of companies and freelancers are creating a brand around their own name. Think of Adidas or Kellogg'—when they set up their companies, Adi Dassler and Wlliam Kellogg were unknown but they have been so successful that their names have become world-famous brands___49___This strategy demands more marketing and a strong advertising campaign, which can be costly.
So how do you go about inventing a name? One method is to use acronyms or abbreviations, for exemple IKEA （IngvaKumprad Elmtaryd Agunaryd）. If you prefer, you can use combined names such as Microsoft（Micro+soft）.___50___It is well worth taking as long as you need to come up with the name that will suit the business and that you can be proud of.
A.Clearly, 'Pete's Bakery' will no longer be a good company name if you want to branch out into catering or gourmet food.
B. The downside of this, of course, is that until you're well-known, it can be harđ for potental clients to find you.
C. Whichever approach you take, don't rush to choose your brand name.
D. Advertising has existed for thousands of years but brand names are a relaively new idea.
E. To get any further, you need a brand name that people will remember and that will make your product or company stand out.
F. They also set your brund apart—they are disintive and there is no confusion with competitors.
【答案】47. E 48. A
49. B 50. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何选择一个品牌名称的几点建议。
【47题详解】
根据空前的“Talk to anyone ín the business world and they will tell you that a good advertising campaign can only get you so far”可知，与商界的任何人交谈，他们都会告诉你，一个好的广告活动只能让你走到目前为止，此处承接上文，讲的是如果你想更进一步应该采取的做法，同时空后的one指代的就是E项中的a brand name，所以选E(要想得更远，你需要一个人们会记住的品牌名称, 这将使你的产品或公司脱颖而出)。
【48题详解】
根据空前的“The biggest ore is if you later decide to expand your business to other areas”可知，最大的问题是你以后是否决定将业务扩展到其他领域，此处是对前面的举例说明，所以选A（很明显，如果你想扩展到餐饮或美食领域，“皮特面包店”将不再是一个好的公司名称）。
【49题详解】
根据空前的“Think of Adidas or Kellogg'—when they set up their companies, Adi Dassler and Wlliam Kellogg were unknown but they have been so successful that their names have become world-famous brands”可知，想想阿迪达斯或凯洛格——当他们成立自己的公司时，阿迪达斯勒和沃利安凯洛格并不为人所知，但他们非常成功，以至于他们的名字已经成为世界知名品牌，这是成功的一面，此处还是承接这个话题，并与之形成转折关系，讲的是用人名给品牌命名的缺点，所以选B（当然，这样做的缺点是，在人们知道你之前，潜在的客户可能很难找到你）。
【50题详解】
空前提到了用缩写或是组合名称给品牌命名的方法，此处总结上文，讲的是选择这两种方法应该注意的事项，所以选C（无论你采取哪种方法，都不要急于选择你的品牌）。
【点睛】在六选四解题过程中，空格上下文出现的代词的指代关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第1题，根据空前的“Talk to anyone ín the business world and they will tell you that a good advertising campaign can only get you so far”可知，与商界的任何人交谈，他们都会告诉你，一个好的广告活动只能让你走到目前为止，此处承接上文，讲的是如果你想更进一步应该采取的做法，同时空后的one表明空处应该会出现一个对应上文话题的名词或名词性短语，one指代的就是E项中的a brand name，所以选E(要想得更远，你需要一个人们会记住的品牌名称, 这将使你的产品或公司脱颖而出)。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in differ ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer."
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication--e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations---found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive hews shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn. colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was hat articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed The Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting of funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article was, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.
【答案】Nowadays, scientists have discovered that good news can travel faster and more widespread compared with bad news. It is because people care about other’s response when sharing experience. They also find that articles about science are more attractive than non-science ones. Moreover, inspiring and amusing articles enjoy populating among readers.
【解析】
分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括科学家的新发现，包括如今好消息比坏消息传播得更快、更广泛；关于科学的文章比非科学的文章更有吸引力，以及鼓舞人心和有趣的文章喜欢在读者中流行，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 光刷题不反思是没有用处的。(no use)
53. 即使你在面试中脱颖而出， 你也不能骄傲自满(stand)
54. 在孩子选专业的时候,父母总是越俎代庖, 殊不知, 这样并不是对孩子好。(benefit n.)
55. 在毕业典礼上, 她回忆起第一次进入高中校园时青涩而懵懂的样子, 如今她成熟而自信，并做好准备，迎接未来的挑战。(recall)
【答案】52. It’s no use doing many exercises without reflecting on them.
53. Even if you stand out in the interview, you cannot feel too proud.
54. When children are choosing their majors, their parents always take their children’s jobs into hand/go beyond their duties/ make decisions for their children, what they don’t realize is that it isn’t for their children’s benefits/isn’t of benefit to their children.
55. At the graduation ceremony, she recalled her naive and ignorant appearance when she first entered the high school campus and now she is mature and confident and ready to face the challenges in the future.
【解析】
本题考查翻译，注意按括号内的要求进行翻译。
【52题详解】
考查固定句式。It is no use doing表示“做……是没用的”，reflect on表示“思考、反思”，故翻译为：It’s no use doing many exercises without reflecting on them.
【53题详解】
考查让步状语从句和动词短语。stand out表示“突出”，根据句意可知此处用even if(即使)引导让步状语从句，故翻译为：Even if you stand out in the interview, you cannot feel too proud.
【54题详解】
考查固定短语和主语（表语）从句。take sth into hand/go beyond one’s duties/ make decisions for sb “越俎代庖”,be for sb’s benefit/be of benefit to sb表示“对某人有益”，根据句意可知用what引导主语从句，在句中作don’t realize的宾语，并用that引导表语从句，故翻译为：When children are choosing their majors, their parents always take their children’s jobs into hand/go beyond their duties/ make decisions for their children, what they don’t realize is that it isn’t for their children’s benefits/isn’t of benefit to their children.
【55题详解】
考查recall的用法和时态。recall是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，讲述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故翻译为：At the graduation ceremony, she recalled her naive and ignorant appearance when she first entered the high school campus and now she is mature and confident and ready to face the challenges in the future.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，请给他回复一封电子邮件，必须包括以下内容:
● 你愿意一起报班学习，并告知感兴趣的内容，二选一；
● 阐述你选择的理由。
(注意:文中请不要出现真实的校名人名)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In the E-mail, you mentioned you want to sign up for class to learn driving or a second foreign language after the college entrance examination, and asked me whether I am interested in learning it together. I think learning to drive is good in such a long vacation.
With the development of society, everyone will have their own car so that it’s necessary for us to drive cars. If we learn to driving cars in the holidays, we can practise driving every day, which is much faster than only in your spare time. Next knowing that we are able to drive cars makes us more confident. What’s more, the ability to drive brings us independence and convenience, which means you can go wherever and whenever you want. My dear friend , do you think so?
I am looking forward to receiving your apply!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文为应用文。你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，你给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括你愿意一起报班学习，并阐述你选择的理由。
【详解】本文为邮件，即书信体。书信体一般包括三个部分。第一部分是写信的目的。即我愿意和你一起学驾驶。第二部分叙述学驾驶的好处。可以从以下几个方面写，如可每天练习开车，学的快。开车让我们更自信。会带来了独立和便利等。最后一部分写期待对方的回信。写作时多用高级词汇，句式相对要灵活些，单句与复句相结合。在列举理由时要用顺序连词，上下文意思连贯。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
【点睛】本文符合书信体的要求，文中运用了一引起较高级的词汇如sign up for…; be interested in; practise doing sth.; the ability to do…; spare time; what’s more等。句式相对灵活多样，有一些较高级的句式，如宾语从句asked me whether I am interested in learning it together；状语从句everyone will have their own car so that it’s necessary for us to drive cars；定语从句we can practise driving every day, which is much faster than only in your spare time；非谓语knowing that we are able to drive cars makes us more confident；定语从句中有一个状语从句the ability to drive brings us independence and convenience, which means you can go wherever and whenever you want等，这些都彰显了文章的档次。
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