高考英语重点语法复习-反义疑问句 教案

反义疑问句

反义疑问句（The Disjunctive Question）又叫附加疑问句(Tag Question)。在口语中，反义疑问句用于发起谈话、询问信息或是礼貌的请求别人去做某件事。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。

总体规则

一、反义疑问句的语调

1、在说话人知道问题的答案，使用反义疑问句表示请求赞同时，后面的反义疑问句部分用降调。

That film was fantastic, wasn't it? ↘

2、在说话人不明确问题的答案，使用反义疑问句表示说话人需要核实信息时，后面的反义疑问句部分用升调。

You don't know where the boss is, do you? ↗

二、反意疑问句中的对应规则：

1、反意疑问句中问句部分的谓语动词与陈述部分的谓语动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？

① You can’t do it, can you?

② They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?

2、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如：

①He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? (不能用hasn’t he?)

②They have known the matter, haven’t they? (不能用don’t they?)

3、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如：

①They will go to town soon, won’t they? (不能用don’t they?或 aren’t they?)

②He works very hard, doesn’t he? (不能用didn’t he?或won’t he?)

注：当陈述部分是I think 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。

I think chickens can swim, can’t they?

I think Lucy is a good girl, isn’t she?

I didn't think he was happy, was he?

三、反义疑问句中主语变化规则

4、陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等合成词或词组时，反意疑问句部分的主语在非正式文体中，往往用they，有时也用he；而当陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, everything, nothing, something等时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。

① Everyone is ready for the experiment, aren’t they （isn’t he）?

② Neither side can win, can they （can he）?

5、当陈述部分以one不定代词做主语时，附加问句的主语在正式常场用one或you，非正式场合用he。

One should always be ready to help those in trouble, shouldn’t one/you? 每个人都应该随时准备帮助那些有困难的人，是吗？

One must serve the people heart and soul, mustn't he? 每个人都必须要全心全意为人们服务，不应该吗？

6、当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that，反义疑问句的主语用it。（是those, these则用they）

① To learn English well is quite beneficial to our future, isn’t it?

② Developing a good habit is very important for us students to learn our lessons well, isn’t it?

③ That he doesn’t work very hard makes his parents worried, doesn’t it?

④ This is important, isn’t it?

⑤ That isn’t correct, is it?

⑥ These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?

7、当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等，反义疑问句的主语用 it。

Something is wrong with your notebook, isn’t it? 你的笔记本电脑坏了，是吗？

8、陈述部分的主语是none of…时，反义疑问句部分的主语应与of后的名词或代词保持一致。

① None of the students went there, did they?

② None of the dish smells good, does it?

四、反义疑问句部分肯定和否定形式的判断规则

9、陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：barely, few, little, never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, rarely, nowhere, nothing, nobody, few, little等，反义疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。

① There are few apples in the basket, are there?

② He can hardly swim, can he?

③ They seldom come late, do they?

10、如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，此类词不属于否定词，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，反义疑问句应用否定形式。

① Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用is he?)

② The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)

③ It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)

常见句型的反意疑问句

11、当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时，反义疑问句的主语也用there。

① There’s no help for it, is there?
② There’s something wrong, isn’t there?

12、感叹句的反义疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。

① What a clever boy, isn’t he?

② How exciting the game is, isn’t it?

13、祈使句后面的反义疑问句问题

1) 祈使句是否定形式，反义疑问句只能用will you。

Let us stop to rest, will you?

2) 祈使句是肯定形式，反义疑问句用肯定、否定均可。

Give me some cigarettes, will you/ won’t you?

3) Let开头的祈使句要注意：

(1). Let’s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反意疑问句往往用shall we。

Let’s have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?
(2). Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let 有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。

Let us go out for a rest, will you?

(3). Let me 开头表示请求，反义疑问句用will you，或用may I。

Let me have a try, will you/may I?

复合句的反意疑问句

14、当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，反义疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，反义疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。

① I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)

② We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)

③ I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)

④ We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)

15、当陈述部分是I’m sure that,；we are sure；I’m afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。

① I’m sure that you will succeed in passing the exam, won’t you?

② I’m afraid that John can’t go now, can he?

16、当陈述部分是并列句时，反义疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。

Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn’t he?

17、强调句或类似的句型结构的反义疑问句和句首的It is/ was保持一致。

① It was last Sunday that he went to Beijing, wasn’t it?

② It is five years since he joined the army, isn’t it?

关于情态动词的反意疑问句

18、陈述部分中有have一词，且表示“所有”含义时，反义疑问句部分既可用have也可用do。

They have no time to visit the museum, do they?

19、陈述部分中有have to，反义疑问句部分用do。

I had to finish my homework, didn’t I?

20、含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

21、陈述部分有used to，反义疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did。

① The old man used to smoke, didn’t he?或usedn’t he?

② Tom used to live here, usedn’t he?或didn’t he?

22、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

① We need not do it again, need we?

② He dare not say so, dare you?

注：当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she？

23、陈述部分有wish时，反义疑问句的谓语用may，前后两部分都用肯定式。

I wish not to be disturbed in my work , may I?

24、当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况：

1). mustn't表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must/may.

You mustn't stop your car here, must/may you?

2). must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用needn't.

They must finish the work today, needn't they?

3). 当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。

① He must be good at English, isn't he?

② He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?

4). 当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。

① She must have read the novel last week, didn't she?

② You must have told her about it, haven't you?

25、陈述部分是I wish， 表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。

I wish to have a word with you, may I？

26、弄清陈述句中的’d rather = would rather；’d better = had better反义疑问句部分前者用would，后者用had。

① He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

② You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?

注：其它特殊结构的反意疑问句

27、陈述部分的主语是each of 时，如果强调单个，反义疑问句的主语用he或it；如果强调全体，则根据情况用they，we，you等。

① Each of the boys had an apple, didn’t he/they？

② Each of the books costs us five yuan, didn’t we?

28、陈述部分的主语是由neither…nor……，either….or…..或not only……but…also等连接的并列的主语保持时，反义疑问句的主语常用相应的复数部分，而不与nor, or，but also 之后的主语主语保持一致。

① Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?

② Either you or I am right, are we?

③ Not only Tom but also Alice likes skating, don’t they?

29、陈述部分是：I’m ....结构，反义疑问句一般用aren’t I?

I'm very keen on sports , aren’t I？

30、陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?