高考英语阅读表达专项训练

这是一份高考英语阅读表达专项训练，共27页。

Kites have been arund fr thusands f years. The first kites were created in China. There are three stries abut hw the first kite was brn.
Many peple believe that the kite was created when peple watched birds fly. They then attempted t make a light bject shaped like a bird that culd fly high in the wind.
The secnd stry ges like this. The kite was brn as Chinese children sat belw a catalpa tree（梓树）. A catalpa tree is knwn fr large leaves and seed pds（荚）, which can be ver 10 inches lng. The catalpa tree's seed pds have tw "wings" that help the seeds mve far frm the base f the tree. As the leaves and seed pds sailed n an upward wind, the children became inspired t create their wn kites.
There is a Chinese legend（传说）telling a different stry. When a farmer was wrking in his field ne mrning, the wind blew his hat ff many times. He had t stp t run after his hat. When the farmer went in fr lunch, he had an idea that he culd tie ne end f a thin rpe t his hat and the ther end arund his wrist （手腕）. That afternn, he went t wrk again. A sudden and strng wind swept the hat ff his head and carried it high int the sky. But the farmer n lnger needed t run after his hat. At that time, he gt the idea f making a kite.
The idea fr a kite culd have been brn as peple watched birds fly, sat belw a catalpa tree r fund a way t get back a hat. Like the rts f many inventins, these stries are each inspired by peple's experiences r bservatins f the natural wrld.
1．Where were the first kites created?（不多于两个单词）
2．In the first stry, what inspired peple t make' kites? （不多于五个单词）
3．What gave the farmer the idea f making kites?（不多于四个单词）
4．Hw d peple get the ideas fr inventins? （不多于九个单词）
阅读表达
In Martin Cunty, Flrida, tw nn-prfit rganizatins have cme tgether t plant seeds f hpe thrugh cmmunity gardening. Recently, the Huse f Hpe charity fr the hmeless and peple with addictins and ther mental health issues partnered with Prject an rganizatin that helps at-risk teens, t grw cmmunity gardens in fur small twns acrss the cunty.
The teens in Prject L.I. F.T.'s prgram—many f them aged 14-19 wh are als struggling with addictins, managing mental health r legal issues—visit the gardens every day after schl where they grw seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the prduce and learn t create their wn meals. They take sme f the prduce hme t their families but mst is sent t Huse f Hpe fr the hmeless cmmunity.
Beynd the need fr fd, Prject hped the gardens wuld prvide an educatinal pprtunity fr their teens.
"We're trying t teach kids nutritin t deal with the health prblems—diabetes and besity—in ur cmmunity, but when we get int the garden, nw they're ding hands-n stuff that really cnnects." Bb Zacche, the executive directr f Prject tells Guidepsts. rg.
The gardens als ffer the teens prfessinal skills that can help them find wrk later in their largely rural cunty. Beynd skills, this prject has helped the teens find cnfidence and hpe fr their futures.
S far, the fur gardens arund Martin Cunty have generated 100 punds f prduce fr Huse f Hpe and the cmmunity at large. Althugh the amunt f fd can't meet the greater need f the area, the prgram is an pprtunity t teach kids that the imprtance f giving back is just as valuable as the fd they're harvesting.
"Yu see a majr shift in the thinking f these kids," Zacche says. "Yu see them giving. The kids are learning t give at a bigger level than they've ever been able t give at befre."
5．What kind f rganizatin is Prject
6．What d the teens d when they visit the gardens?
7．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
The fur gardens were built nly t prvide an educatinal pprtunity fr at-risk teens.
8．In additin t what is mentined in the passage, what else culd at-risk teens learn thrugh cmmunity gardening? Explain why. (In abut 40 wrds)
阅读表达
We all like t think that we are ratinal (理性的) thinkers, but pr decisins and chices are evident all arund us: staying in bad relatinships r bring jbs, taking up smking, eating t much junk fd; the list ges n. S why can't we make better decisins? One reasn appears t be what psychlgists call "decisin fatigue": the idea that we all have a limited stre f energy fr making decisins and practising self-cntrl. Fr example, if yu are grund dwn by everyday struggles, yu have less mental energy fr gd decisins.
Hwever, studies pint t the fact that deciding things early in the day is likely t lead t better utcmes. Mst f us will have had the experience f ging t bed with a seemingly unslvable prblem, nly t wake up with a flash f inspiratin the next mrning. S decisins made when we feel least tired are mre likely t be the right nes.
Anther wrthwhile strategy is t pretend that yu are advising an imaginary friend, rather than relating decisins t yur wn life. This creates a distance between yu and the issues in questin, and can help yu t think lgically rather than emtinally.
Peple ften advise making lists f advantages and disadvantages, and then priritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need t be careful nt t ver-think every decisin. We may verestimate the value f infrmatin, and smetimes it is better simply t g with ur gut instinct (直觉).
Perhaps the mst imprtant thing we can d t minimize the pssibility f regret is t make sure that ur decisins are in line with ur life values; in ther wrds, t have a life visin and be true t it. Instead f asking urselves questins such as "Which ptin is safer?" r "Which ptin is best financially?", it is far better t ask "Hw will I feel abut this when I'm 70?".
9．What des "decisin fatigue" mean?
10．Why d peple tend t make gd decisins early in the day?
11．Decide which part f the fllwing statement is wrng. Underline it and explain why.
▷Smetimes it is a gd idea t g with ur gut instinct t make decisins, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great effrts.
12．In additin t the strategies in the passage, please suggest anther way t make gd decisins. (In abut 40 wrds)
阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
Grwing up pr and having parents wh didn't receive a gd educatin, I ften struggled at schl. What was wrse, my parents ften mved t different places. They likely did nt realize the damaging effects it had n my learning as they mved frm apartment t apartment, year after year.
I attended seven different schls frm kindergarten thrugh the 8th grade. With a fragmented (片段的) educatin, I entered high schl, nt ding well in literacy and math. But it was nt until I attended a majr public state university that I really understd the academic gaps that I had in cmparisn t my peers. I had t wrk particularly hard t nt nly understand the textbks and lectures, but als catch myself up in basic skills f writing and cmprehensin. But I wasn't the ne t frg. N matter hw hard it was, I persisted.
Tday, I have many degrees, three f them are Master's Degrees and I am currently in my secnd year f studying fr my dctrate in Educatinal Leadership.
I share my stry fr varius reasns, but mainly due t the hpe that anther yung child, pssibly grwing up pr, can realize that an educatin is the ticket t the quality f life. It can happen fr that child. One can be successful! One can vercme all bstacles.
Sme days will be extremely tugher than thers and smeday thse accmplishments will glw (发光), but giving up is nt a wise chice. It certainly wn't lead t the light at the end f the tunnel. Therefre, we shuld take advantage f the challenges and difficulties t make us strnger and reflect n hw t beat all the differences. We shuld fster ur thinking that current challenges have been designed t build upn ur strength, nt tear us dwn. In this way, we can fulfill ur lng-term gals.
13．What made the authr's study much wrse when he was a child? (n mre than 5 wrds)
14．What did the authr realize after attending a majr public state university? (n mre than 10 wrds)
15．Hw d yu understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? (n mre than 10 wrds)
16．Why did the authr want t share his stry? (n mre than 15 wrds)
17．What d yu learn frm the authr's stry? (n mre than 20 wrds)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In life, nce n a path, we tend t fllw it, fr better r wrse. What's sad is that even if it's the latter, we ften fllw a certain path anyway because we are used t the way things are that we dn't even recgnize that they culd be different. Psychlgists call this phenmenn functinal fixedness.
This classic experiment will give yu an idea f hw it wrks — and a sense f whether yu may have fallen int the same trap:
Peple are given a bx f tacks (大头钉) and sme matches and asked t find a way t attach a candle t a wall s that it burns prperly. Typically, the subjects try tacking the candle t the wall r lighting it t fix it with melted wax (石蜡). The tacks are t shrt, and the candle desn't fasten t the wall. S hw can yu accmplish the task? The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candle hlder. Yu empty it, tack it t the wall, and stand the candle inside it.
T think f that, yu have t lk beynd the bx's usual rle as a cntainer just fr tacks and reimagine it serving an entirely new purpse. That is difficult because we all suffer — t ne degree r anther — frm functinal fixedness. The inability t think in new ways affects peple in every crner f sciety. The plitical therist Hannah Arend cined the phrase frzen thughts t describe deeply held ideas that we n lnger questin but shuld. In Arendt's eyes, the cmplacent reliance n such accepted "truths" als made peple blind t ideas that didn't fit their wrldview, even when there was ample evidence fr them. Frzen thinking has nthing t d with intelligence, she said, "It can be fund in highly intelligent peple."
Anther cntext in which frzen thinking can turn truly dangerus is medicine. If yu land in the hspital, it's natural t want t be treated by the mst experienced physicians n staff. But accrding t a 2014 study in the Jurnal f the American Medical Assciatin (JAMA), yu'd be better ff being treated by the relative nvices.
18．What des "functinal fixedness" mean?
19．Hw is the candle attached t the wall?
20．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Frzen thinking is cmmn amng rdinary peple as well as thse with high althugh frzen thinking has much t d with intelligence.
21．Hw can yu avid frzen thughts in yur daily life? (In abut 40 wrds)
22．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Tday, the first thing yu see when yu drive int the small twn f McFarland, Califrnia, is a welcme pster. "Hme f the State Champins, it says prudly. Written acrss the bttm are the names f the members f the running teams that have brught McFarland nine state champinships ver the past twenty years. Tday, this little farming twn is the "hme f champins", but things weren't always like this.
It all began with a grup f seven yung men, wh were McFarland High Schls first running team. They were called "clud runners" because it lked like they were flating n a brwn clud f dust as they carved paths thrugh the surrunding fields.
They weren't a very gd team. But the turning pint came ne ht summer afternn when the yung men were ding hill practice. As there were n hills in McFarland, their cach, Jim White, made them run up and dwn large piles f nut shells cvered in white plastic sheets.
"Enugh!" ne f the yung men cried. The sund f breaking shells culd be heard as he beat his fists n the sheet. The plastic tre and a river f nut shells pured ut. "D yu knw what these are, Mr. White? They're almnd shells. D yu knw where they cme frm? My family has been wrking n farms picking almnds fr frty years.
Yu and yur family, living in yur big cmfrtable hme, eat these withut giving a single thught t where they came frm. And nw yu are making us run n them! I've had enugh!"
"We're lsers, Mr. White, nt winners," anther yung man cntinued his face wet with tears and sweat. "Nthing has changed here fr frty years and nthing's ever ging t change! Running is fr rich kids in private schls in the big city, nt fr us pr farm bys. We can't even affrd real shes fr running. We're 'pickers'. I'm ging hme!"
Smething in Jim White's heart changed that day. He went int the fields and wrked with the 'pickers'. He bught running shes fr the bys. He spent evenings having dinner with the bys' families. His wife baked and sld ckies t raise mney. One small act f kindness led t anther. Other families began t take ntice, and slwly, the entire twn came t supprt Mr. White as he helped these yung men change frm farm wrkers t champins.
（1）What is the twn prud f? (n mre than 5 wrds)
（2）In paragraph 4, why did the yung man get angry with Mr. White? (n mre than 15wrds)
（3）What did the yung man mean by saying “We're pickers."? (n mre than 12 wrds)
（4）What des the last paragraph mainly tell us? (n mre than 20 wrds)
（5）T whm did that summer afternn represent a turning pint? Please give yur reasn, (n mre than 25wrds)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Teenagers are learning new cmmunicatin skills every day. It is imprtant fr them t have pprtunities t netwrk, r t meet and get t knw new peple. Online netwrking, which is very ppular with teens tday, makes shrt, superficial cnnectins. But ffline netwrking better encurages meaningful cnnectins that will increase hpe, develp skills, and pen avenues t career pprtunity. Teens need t practice mre ffline netwrking. It will prepare them t be cnfident face-t-face cmmunicatrs in the real wrld.
A survey f almst 7,000 teens was cnducted in 2019 by three Swiss researchers, and they fund that teens were spending t much time n scial netwrking sites. S, they suggested that teens shuld spend mre time with thers in real life. It nt nly cntributes t a strnger sense f identity and a happier md, but als gives us the chance t share happiness with ther peple. In ther wrds, ffline netwrking seems t actually benefit a teen's emtinal health.
Face-t-face cmmunicatin als gives teens an pprtunity t learn t read peple. Everyne cmmunicates in persn differently than cmmunicating ver the phne, thrugh texting, r in nline psts. Being face-t-face requires a persn t think and respnd mre quickly—withut the safety net f a delete key.
And much f ur cmmunicatin is nnverbal anyway. Facial expressins, gestures, and vcal tnes are just a few examples. Teens need t have face-t-face interactins s they can learn t read these nnverbal cues(暗示), which are smetimes even mre imprtant than the wrds a persn is saying. A time will cme when the teen will need t enter the jb market, and this usually means a face-t-face interactin, including interacting naturally with custmers, hearing and understanding their wrds as well as their nnverbal cues in many different kinds f businesses.
Offline netwrking is imprtant because it can imprve a teenager's well-being and help prepare him fr the future. That's why every teen shuld spend time practicing real-wrld interactins.
23．What is the disadvantage f nline netwrking?
24．What was the researchers' suggestin t teens?
25．Read the fllwing statement, underline the false part f it and explain the reasn.
Hearing and understanding what a persn is saying is necessarily invlved in cmmunicatin, s peple get less frm nnverbal expressins.
26．Please present what yu can d t make effective face-t-face cmmunicatin in yur daily life. (abut 40 wrds)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard t define but imprtant t pssess. Sir Andrew Likierman f the Lndn Business Schl suggests that judgment is "the cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins". And he argues that, thus defined, judgment invlves a prcess—taking in infrmatin, deciding whm and what t trust, summarizing ne's persnal knwledge, checking any prir beliefs r feelings, summarizing the available chices and then making the decisin.
Expert knwledge can be useful in making judgments. But it is nt the same thing. "Academics have expert knwledge," Sir Andrew bserves. "They dn't necessarily have judgment." Peple with judgment knw when they are ut f their depth in making a decisin and typically then seek the advice f smene wh has the right backgrund and knwledge. "While gd judgment is imprtant t success," Sir Andrew cautins, "success is nt a signal that there has been gd judgment."
The degree f judgment required tends t increase as peple take n mre respnsibility. Thse with rutine tasks generally have limited scpe fr judgment. Line supervisrs have sme discretin (自行决定权). Fr a chief executive, the prprtin f decisins invlving judgment is high. Deciding nt t take actin is als a judgment with ptentially serius cnsequences (fr example, "I wn't get vaccinated" r "I wn't pay my bills"). The wrld is full f peple whse lack f judgment brught their careers r persnal life crashing dwn. Many made the cmmn mistake f assuming everything was fine.
As artificial intelligence gets used fr mre and mre rutine tasks in the service sectr, exercising judgment may be ne area where humans retain an edge ver machines. This is far frm certain, hwever. With enugh practice, machines may be able t recgnize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent f gd judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, t. In the lng run, ne f the trickiest aspects f human judgment may be knwing precisely when t let machines take decisins and when t leave it t peple.
27．What's Sir Andrew's definitin f judgement?
28．Why des Andrew say that expert knwledge is nt the same as making judgements?
29．Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Gd judgement is imprtant t success and a successful persn definitely has gd judgement.
30．Please list a factr except "judgement" that can lead t success and explain why. (abut 40 wrds)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Cmplainer
Fr years, Jane Bth's mther made lengthy airing f cmplaints. It gt s bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality f their time tgether, s she finally spke up and helped her mther realize hw ften she cmplained. It turned ut that Jane's interventin nt nly helped her mther—it als helped their relatinship.
Yu may nt be as direct as Jane was t her mther, but there are ther ways t get a cnstant cmplainer t end. T be effective, it helps t crrect misbeliefs abut cmplaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, mst cnsiderate peple cmplain. And cmplaining desn't always have a negative impact. Smetimes, cmplaining can change an unfavrable situatin int a mre desirable ne. Other times, it can fster new relatinships with peple we dn't knw well.
The prblems start when cmplaining becmes the default mde(默认模式). "When we have a need t be heard, we repeat urselves," says Dian Killian, a life cach, "the satisfactin fr frequent cmplainers cmes frm attentin, s they are never satisfied with any suggestin t address the prblems that they highlight—reslutin isn't their aim."
S, hw d yu quiet a cnstant cmplainer, fr the sake f yur health and his?
Change the subject. Sme cmplainers will switch gears if yu shift the cnversatin in a directin that interests them.
Summarize the cmplaint. If yur cmplainer keeps repeating himself, he may stp if yu demnstrate that yu're listening.
Challenge the persn t act. When a cnstant cmplainer tells yu abut his latest prblem, ask nicely what he's dne t imprve it.
Be hnest. When yu have things t d, tell the cmplainer that yu must cut the cnversatin shrt—especially if it's smene wh's cmplained t yu many times befre.
When smene stresses yu ut with lts f negativity, it's imprtant t talk abut the prblem. Otherwise, if yu bttle up yur feelings and cntinue listening t repeated cmplaints, yu may grw annyed r start aviding the persn.
Remember: Quieting a cnstant cmplainer can be beneficial t bth f yu.
31．What did Jane Bth d t stp her mther cmplaining?
32．Accrding t Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs abut cmplaining?
33．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
●Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
34．Yur friend has been cnstantly cmplaining abut almst everything in life. What wuld yu d t help him? (abut 40 wrds)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Tday, technlgical advances are rapidly making it pssible t autmate much f the wrk currently carried ut by humans. This applies t bth blue-cllar jbs thrugh rbtics and the Internet f things, and white-cllar wrk thrugh artificial intelligence, the wide applicability f these technlgies has led t brad cncern abut the destructin f jbs. Indeed, accrding t a 2014 Oxfrd study, 47% f jbs in the US culd be replaced. By autmated prcesses in the next tw decades.
Of curse. As many have nted, while technlgy has always remved the need fr sme types f jbs, it als creates new nes. Technlgy is a set f tls that we use in different ways t increase efficiency. The Industrial Revlutin destryed sme jbs but created many mre. It als increased the ttal wealth f sciety and began t create a middle class wh culd enjy health, educatin and ther benefits that previusly had been available nly t the wealthiest. It can be challenging t predict the kinds f jbs that this new revlutin will create and in what quantities, which makes the situatin seem wrse than it actually is. But nine f the tp ten mst in-demand jbs f 2012 didn't exist in 2003, suggesting that this latest revlutin is creating new emplyment pprtunities.
Fr many, this picture is verly ptimistic. The new jbs require a cmpletely different skills set —yu can't turn an assembly plant wrker int a data scientist vernight. Others are cncerned that we are facing a permanent reductin in the need fr human labr. Science fictin has lng imagined a future where we n lnger have t wrk and can spend ur time n mre nble pursuits. Culd it be that we are reaching that inflectin pint in human histry, if we are? Neither ur scial nrms nr ur ecnmic systems are ready fr it. Tday, self-wrth is inherently tied up with jbs，prfessins，careers and trades.
35．Hw is white-cllar wrk autmated by technlgy?
36．What is technlgy accrding t the passage?
37．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
It is bviusly ptimistic t predict the types and quantities f jbs that this new revlutin will create. .
Please briefly present the benefits that technlgical advances bring t yu. (abut 40 wrds)
答案解析部分
【答案】1．In China.
2．When peple watched birds fly.
3．The farmer's flying hat.
4．By peple's experiences r bservatins f the natural wrld.
【知识点】细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了关于第一只风筝是如何诞生的的三个故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而写出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"The first kites were created in China. "第一只风筝是在中国制造的。可知，第一只风筝是在中国制造的。故答案为：In China.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段"Many peple believe that the kite was created when peple watched birds fly. They then attempted t make a light bject shaped like a bird that culd fly high in the wind."许多人相信风筝是人们看着鸟儿飞翔时创造出来的。然后，他们试图制造一个形状像鸟的轻物体，可以在风中高飞。可知，在第一个故事中，人们创造风筝是因为人们看到鸟的飞翔，即鸟的飞翔给了人们创造风筝的启发。 故答案为：When peple watched birds fly.
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中"A sudden and strng wind swept the hat ff his head and carried it high int the sky. But the farmer n lnger needed t run after his hat. At that time, he gt the idea f making a kite."一阵突如其来的大风把他的帽子从头上吹下来，带到了高高的天空。但是农夫不再需要追逐他的帽子了。那时，他萌生了做风筝的念头。可知，让农夫萌生造风筝的念头源于风把他的帽子吹起的事件。故答案为：The farmer's flying hat.
4．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Like the rts f many inventins, these stries are each inspired by peple's experiences r bservatins f the natural wrld."就像许多发明的根源一样，这些故事都是受到人们对自然世界的经历或观察的启发。可知，由于人们对自然世界的经历或观察的启发，促使人们创造出发明。故答案为：By peple's experiences r bservatins f the natural wrld.
【答案】5．An rganizatin that helps at-risk teens.
6．They grw seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the prduce and learn t create their wn meals.
7．The fur gardens were built nly t prvide an educatinal pprtunity fr at-risk teens.
Accrding t the passage, the fur gardens were built t prvide bth fd fr hmeless peple and an educatinal pprtunity fr at-risk teens.
8．They can learn t cperate with each ther better and als learn t give back the lve they have received during gardening and als pass that energy and lve t thers wh need help.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了弗洛里达州马丁县的两个非营利组织联合起来，帮助了无数无家可归的、有毒瘾和其他精神健康问题的人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放试题两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recently, the Huse f Hpe charity fr the hmeless and peple with addictins and ther mental health issues partnered with Prject rganizatin that helps at-risk teens, t grw cmmunity gardens in fur small twns acrss the cunty.”最近，针对无家可归者、有毒瘾和其他精神健康问题的人的慈善机构“希望之家”与帮助高危青少年的组织“项目”合作，在全县的四个小镇种植社区花园。可知，Prject 是一个帮助高危青少年的组织。故答案为An rganizatin that helps at-risk teens.
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The teens in Prject L.I. F.T.’ s prgram—many f them aged 14-19 wh are als struggling with addictins, managing mental health r legal issues—visit the gardens every day after schl where they grw seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the prduce and learn t create their wn meals.”参加L.I. F.T计划的青少年——其中许多年龄在14-19岁之间，他们也在与毒瘾作斗争，处理心理健康或法律问题——每天放学后都会去花园，在那里他们种种子，维护和浇灌植物，收获农产品，并学习自己做饭。可知，他们在花园里会种种子，维护和浇灌植物，收获农产品，并学习自己做饭。故答案为They grw seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the prduce and learn t create their wn meals.
7．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“They take sme f the prduce hme t their families but mst is sent t Huse f Hpe fr the hmeless cmmunity.”他们把一些农产品带回家，但大部分都送到了无家可归者社区的希望之家；以及第三段中的“Beynd the need fr fd, Prject hped the gardens wuld prvide an educatinal pprtunity fr their teens.”除了对食物的需求，项目还希望菜园能为他们的青少年提供教育机会。可知，花园不仅仅是为了用来给高危青少年提供教育机会而建的，还用于给无家可归的人提供食物等。故答案为The fur gardens were built nly t prvide an educatinal pprtunity fr at-risk teens. The fur gardens were built t prvide bth fd fr hmeless peple and an educatinal pprtunity fr at-risk teens.
8．考查开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：他们可以学会更好地相互合作，也学会回报他们在园艺过程中得到的爱，并将这种能量和爱传递给需要帮助的人。故答案为They can learn t cperate with each ther better and als learn t give back the lve they have received during gardening and als pass that energy and lve t thers wh need help.。
【答案】9．The idea that we all have a limited stre f energy fr making decisins and practising self-cntrl.
10．Because that's when peple feel least tired.
11．Smetimes it is a gd idea t g with ur gut instinct t make decisins, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great effrts.
Accrding t the passage ver-thinking may verestimate the value f infrmatin, s smetimes it is a gd idea t g with ur gut instinct t make decisins.
12．I think when yu make a decisin, that decisin is a gd way t realize the values that yu hld, but yu can als affrd the wrst cnsequences f it.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。我们都喜欢认为自己是理性的思考者，但糟糕的决定和选择在我们周围随处可见。就此现象文章给出了做正确决定的一些方法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词句猜测和开放试题三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
9．考查词句猜测。根据第一段中的“the idea that we all have a limited stre f energy fr making decisins and practising self-cntrl.”认为我们在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限的想法，可知，“decisin fatigue”是指认为自己在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限。故答案为：The idea that we all have a limited stre f energy fr making decisins and practising self-cntrl.
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Mst f us will have had the experience f ging t bed with a seemingly unslvable prblem, nly t wake up with a flash f inspiratin the next mrning. S decisins made when we feel least tired are mre likely t be the right nes.”我们大多数人都会有这样的经历：带着一个看似无法解决的问题上床睡觉，第二天早上醒来时却灵光一现。因此，当我们感到最不累的时候做出的决定更有可能是正确的。可知，人们倾向于在早上做出正确的决定是因为那个时候是人们感到最不累的时候。故答案为：Because that's when peple feel least tired.
11．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Peple ften advise making lists f advantages and disadvantages, and then priritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need t be careful nt t ver-think every decisin. We may verestimate the value f infrmatin, and smetimes it is better simply t g with ur gut instinct (直觉).”人们经常建议列出优势和劣势，然后对每个列表中的项目进行优先级排序。这当然会有所帮助，但我们需要小心，不要过度考虑每一个决定。我们可能高估了信息的价值，有时最好还是凭直觉行事。可知，有时根据直觉做出决定是个不错的主意，是因为有时过度思考会高估了信息的价值。故答案为：Smetimes it is a gd idea t g with ur gut instinct t make decisins, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great effrts. Accrding t the passage ver-thinking may verestimate the value f infrmatin, s smetimes it is a gd idea t g with ur gut instinct t make decisins.
12．考查开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：I think when yu make a decisin, that decisin is a gd way t realize the values that yu hld, but yu can als affrd the wrst cnsequences f it.
【答案】13．Changing schls cnstantly.
That he changed schl cnstantly.
Mving t different places.
That his parents ften mved.
14．He wasn't ding as well as thers academically.
The academic gaps that he had.
He realized he had academic gaps.
15． I didn't give up easily.
I never gave up easily.
16．Because he wanted t inspire yung children whse experiences are similar t his.
Because he hped thers realized educatin was the ticket t the quality f life.
T inspire yung children wh experienced the same thing.
T make thers realize that educatin was the ticket t the quality f life.
17．We shuldn't let difficulties in ur life hld us back; instead we shuld be determined and bravely vercme them.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者出身贫寒，没有受过良好的教育，在学校过得很艰难，更糟糕的是父母经常搬家，这导致作者小时候学习变得很糟糕，直到作者进入一所主要的公立州立大学，才真正理解了自己与同龄人之间的学术差距，但是作者不管多么困难，都坚持学习，最终获得了博士学位。作者通过自己的故事想要告诉我们：我们不应该让生活中的困难阻碍我们，相反，我们应该下定决心，勇敢地克服困难。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词句猜测和开放试题三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
13．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Grwing up pr and having parents wh didn’t receive a gd educatin, I ften struggled at schl. What was wrse, my parents ften mved t different places.”我出身贫寒，父母没有受过良好的教育，所以我在学校经常过得很艰难。更糟糕的是，我的父母经常搬到不同的地方。可知，父母经常搬家，即作者经常换学校，让作者小时候的学习变得更糟糕，故填Changing schls cnstantly./That he changed schl cnstantly./Mving t different places./That his parents ften mved.
14．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But it was nt until I attended a majr public state university that I really understd the academic gaps that I had in cmparisn t my peers.”但直到我进入一所主要的公立州立大学，我才真正理解了我与同龄人之间的学术差距。可知，作者在进入一所重点公立大学后意识到了自己与同龄人之间的学术差距，故填He wasn’t ding as well as thers academically./The academic gaps that he had./He realized he had academic gaps.
15．考查词句猜测。根据第二段中的“N matter hw hard it was, I persisted.”不管有多困难，我都坚持下来了。可知，不管多么困难，作者都坚持下来了，没有轻易放弃，可推知，画线句子的意思是，作者不会轻易放弃，故填I didn’t give up easily./I never gave up easily.
16．考查细节理解。根据第三段中上文“I share my stry fr varius reasns, but mainly due t the hpe that anther yung child, pssibly grwing up pr, can realize that an educatin is the ticket t the quality f life. ”我分享我的故事有很多原因，但主要是因为我希望另一个可能在贫困中长大的孩子能够意识到教育是提高生活质量的门票。可知，作者想分享自己故事的原因是希望在贫困中长大的孩子能意识到教育是提高生活质量的门票，即来激励那些和他经历相似的孩子。故填Because he wanted t inspire yung children whse experiences are similar t his./Because he hped thers realized educatin was the ticket t the quality f life./T inspire yung children wh experienced the same thing./T make thers realize that educatin was the ticket t the quality f life.
17．考查开放试题，言之有理即可。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Therefre, we shuld take advantage f the challenges and difficulties t make us strnger and reflect n hw t beat all the differences. We shuld fster ur thinking that current challenges have been designed t build upn ur strength, nt tear us dwn. In this way, we can fulfill ur lng-term gals.”因此，我们应该利用挑战和困难，使我们更加强大，并思考如何战胜所有的分歧。我们应该培养我们的思维，即目前的挑战是为了巩固我们的力量，而不是摧毁我们。这样，我们就能实现我们的长期目标。)”可知，作者通过自己的故事，想要告诉我们：我们不应该让生活中的困难阻碍我们，相反，我们应该下定决心，勇敢地克服困难。故答案为We shuldn’t let difficulties in ur life hld us back; instead we shuld be determined and bravely vercme them.
【答案】18．It means we are used t the way things are that we dn't even recgnize that they culd be different.
19．The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candlehlder. Yu empty it, tack it t the wall,and stand the candle inside it.
20．Frzen thinking is cmmn amng rdinary peple as well as thse with high althugh frzen thinking has much t d with intelligence. Because frzen thinking has nthing t d with intelligence.
21．There are tw ways t avid frzen thughts. Firstly, I can talk t peple wh disagree with me, which is gd fr my brain. What's mre, I always think utside the bx, which can braden my thinking in cuntless ways.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放题两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
18．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"What's sad is that even if it's the latter, we ften fllw a certain path anyway because we are used t the way things are that we dn't even recgnize that they culd be different. Psychlgists call this phenmenn functinal fixedness.”可悲的是，即使是后者，我们通常还是会走一条特定的道路，因为我们已经习惯了事物本来的样子，甚至没有意识到它们可能是不同的。心理学家称这种现象为功能性固着。可知，功能固着指的习惯了事物本来的样子，甚至没有意识到它们可能是不同的。故答案为It means we are used t the way things are that we dn't even recgnize that they culd be different.
19．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candle hlder. Yu empty it, tack it t the wall, and stand the candle inside it.”成功的方法是把大头钉盒当作烛台。你把它倒空，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面。可知，成功的方法是把大头钉盒当作烛台。你把它倒空，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面。故答案为The successful technique is t use the tack bx as a candlehlder. Yu empty it, tack it t the wall,and stand the candle inside it.
20．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Frzen thinking has nthing t d with intelligence, she said, "It can be fund in highly intelligent peple."她说，思维僵化与智力无关，‘它可以在高智商的人身上找到。'"可知，"Frzen thinking is cmmn amng rdinary peple as well as thse with high althugh frzen thinking has much t d with intelligence.”思维僵化在普通人和高智商人群中很常见，尽管思维僵化与智力有很大关系，的错误之处是has much t d with intelligence，因为思维僵化和智力无关。故答案为Frzen thinking is cmmn amng rdinary peple as well as thse with high althugh frzen thinking has much t d with intelligence. Because frzen thinking has nthing t d with intelligence.
21．开放性问题。题干意为"你如何避免日常生活中的思维僵化？"，结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：There are tw ways t avid frzen thughts. Firstly, I can talk t peple wh disagree with me, which is gd fr my brain. What's mre, I always think utside the bx, which can braden my thinking in cuntless ways.
22．【答案】（1）Being the hme f champin.
Or: Making the champins.
Or: Winning 9 champins.
（2）(He thught) the cach didn't respect/appreciate the fruits f their labur/hard wrk.
Or: What the cach tld them t d destryed/ruined/damaged the fruits f their labur/hard wrk.
Or: (He thught) Mr. White didn't (understand and) respect their hard wrk.
（3）They belng in the field, picking almnds fr living.
Or: They were brn t be farm wrkers wh pick almnds (rather than anything else)
Or: The nly thing they're gd at/they can d is picking almnds.
Or: They were just farm wrkers wh pick almnds (fr living).
（4）What Mr. White and his wife did inspired the whle twn t make these yung man champins.
Or: Act f kindness by Mr. White and his wife inspired the whle twn t make these yung man champins.
Or: The Whites helped these yung men succeed with small act f kindness, getting supprt frm the entire twn.
（5）It's a turning pint t the bys. They made the cach (Mr White) understand their situatin and get t knw hw t help them change their lives.
Or: It's a turning pint t Mr. White. He gt t understand the pr life f these yung men and get t knw hw t help them.
Or: It's a turning pint t the bys, because they gt supprt frm the entire twn with the help f Mr. White.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了加州小镇麦克法兰作为州冠军的故乡的发展历程。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Tday, the first thing yu see when yu drive int the small twn f McFarland, Califrnia, is a welcme pster. "Hme f the State Champins, it says prudly. Written acrss the bttm are the names f the members f the running teams that have brught McFarland nine state champinships ver the past twenty years. ”如今，当你开车进入加州小镇麦克法兰，你看到的第一件东西，就是一张欢迎海报。上面骄傲地写着“州冠军的故乡”。下面写着过去20年为 麦克法兰小镇赢得9个州冠军的队员的名字。可知，小镇麦克法兰是州冠军的故乡，赢得了9个州冠军。故答案为Being the hme f champin. Or: Making the champins. Or: Winning 9 champins.
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“‘Enugh!' ne f the yung men cried. The sund f breaking shells culd be heard as he beat his fists n the sheet. The plastic tre and a river f nut shells pured ut. "D yu knw what these are, Mr. White? They're almnd shells. D yu knw where they cme frm? My family has been wrking n farms picking almnds fr frty years.”“够了! ”其中一个年轻人喊着说道。当他用拳头拍打塑料布时，可以听到坚果壳破裂的声音。塑料袋破了，一大堆坚果壳倒了出来。“你知道这些是什么吗，怀特先生？是杏仁壳。你知道他们是从哪里来的吗？我们家在采摘杏仁的农场工作40年了。同时结合第五段最后一句“Yu and yur family, living in yur big cmfrtable hme, eat these withut giving a single thught t where they came frm. And nw yu are making us run n them! I've had enugh!"”你和你的家人，住在你们舒适的大房子里，吃这些东西的时候，根本不会想它们是从哪里来的。现在你却让我们在吃的东西上面跑步！我受够了!”可推知，教练怀特让这七个年轻人在盖着塑料布的坚果壳堆上锻炼跑步，而这些坚果则是他们辛苦劳动得来的成果，因而他觉得教练不理解他们的劳动成果，对他们的辛苦劳动的不尊重，教练的这种做法毁了他们的劳动成果。故答案为：(He thught) the cach didn't respect/appreciate the fruits f their labur/hard wrk. Or: What the cach tld them t d destryed/ruined/damaged the fruits f their labur /hard wrk. Or: (He thught) Mr. White didn't (understand and) respect their hard wrk.
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中地“Nthing has changed here fr frty years and nthing's ever ging t change! Running is fr rich kids in private schls in the big city, nt fr us pr farm bys. We can't even affrd real shes fr running. We're 'pickers'. I'm ging hme!””四十年来这里没有任何改变，也不会有任何改变！在大城市的私立学校里，跑步是给有钱人家的孩子玩的，而不是给我们这些穷农场小子玩的。我们连跑步用的鞋都买不起。我们是”采摘者”。我要回家了! ”可推知，参与训练的队员对自己没有抱有任何获胜的信心，他们认为跑步是给有钱人家的孩子玩的，而自己是穷农场的孩子，连跑步用的鞋都买不起。所以，此处指他们认为他们就是农场里的采摘工，要靠此来为生；他们只能在农场里面做采摘工作；她们生来就是在农场做采摘的工人；他们唯一能做的就是采摘并取得杏仁。故答案为：Theybelng in the field, picking almnds fr living. Or: They were brn t be farm wrkers wh pick almnds (rather than anything else)Or: The nly thing they're gd at/they can d is picking almnds. Or: They were just farm wrkers wh pick almnds (fr living).
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Smething in Jim White's heart changed that day. He went int the fields and wrked with the 'pickers'. He bught running shes fr the bys. He spent evenings having dinner with the bys' families. His wife baked and sld ckies t raise mney. One small act f kindness led t anther. Other families began t take ntice, and slwly, the entire twn came t supprt Mr. White as he helped these yung men change frm farm wrkers t champins.”那天吉姆 · 怀特的内心发生了变化。他去田里和“采摘工”一起工作。他给孩子们买了跑鞋。他晚上和孩子们的家人一起吃饭。他的妻子烤饼干，卖饼干来筹钱。一个小小的善举引发了另一个善举。其他家庭开始注意到这一点，慢慢地，全镇的人都开始支持怀特先生，因为他帮助这些年轻人，从农场工人变成了冠军。可知，怀特先生和妻子的善意行为对镇上其他的人是一种感触，引发了全镇人来支持怀特先生并帮助这些年轻人，成就了年轻人成为冠军。即怀特一家通过很小的善举，在全镇人们的支持与帮助下，帮助这些年轻人实现了成功。故答案为：What Mr. White and his wife did inspired the whle twn t make these yung man champins. Or: Act f kindness by Mr. White and his wife inspired the whle twn t make these yung man champins. Or: The Whites helped these yung men succeed with small act f kindness, getting supprt frm the entire twn.
（5）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It all began with a grup f seven yung men, wh were McFarland High Schls first running team. ”一切都始于一群七个年轻人，他们是麦克法兰高中的第一支跑步队；第三段中的“They weren't a very gd team. But the turning pint came ne ht summer afternn when the yung men were ding hill practice. ”他们不是一个很好的团队。但转折点出现在一个炎热的夏日午后，当时年轻人正在进行山地练习；结合第四、五、六、七段内容可知，无论对于这七个队员还是对于怀特先生来讲那天夏日午后的训练都是转折点。对于怀特先生而言，在那之后，他明白了七名队员所面临的情况并真正意义上懂得了尊重劳动成果的意义，同时也清楚如何来帮助这些孩子。对于孩子们来说，在那天之后，他们使教练怀特先生知道了他们所处的情况并让他知道了如何帮助这些孩子改变。此外，孩子们在那天之后，在怀特一家通过很小的善举行为，让全镇人们得到启发，支持怀特先生及这些孩子，帮助这些年轻人实现了成功。故答案为：It's a turning pint t the bys. They made the cach (Mr White) understand their situatin and get t knw hw t help them change their lives. Or: It' s a turning pint t Mr. White. He gt t understand the pr life f these yung men and get t knw hw t help them. Or: It's a turning pint t the bys, because they gt supprt frm the entire twn with the help f Mr. White.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
【答案】23．Online netwrking makes shrt, superficial cnnectins, which is nt helpful in real life.
24．They suggested that teens shuld spend mre time with thers in real life.
25．Hearing and understanding what a persn is saying is necessarily invlved in cmmunicatin, s peple get less frm nnverbal expressins.
Accrding t the text" And much f ur cmmunicatin is nnverbal anyway. Facial expressins, gestures, and vcal tnes are just a few examples. Teens need t have face-t-face interactins s they can learn t read these nnverbal cues(暗示), which are smetimes even mre imprtant than the wrds a persn is saying." We knw that the nnverbal expressins are mre imprtant than the wrds.
26．First f all, we shuld knw urselves well, such as the talent and hbbies. Then, we shuld take part in sme relevant activities which are suitable fr us. And frm these experience, we can make friends and imprve ur ability t face-t-face cmmunicatin.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了线下人与人之间面对面的交流对于青少年的重要性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和开放新题型三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，同时结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
23．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Online netwrking, which is very ppular with teens tday, makes shrt, superficial cnnectins. ”可知，如今，网络社交在青少年中非常流行，它只建立了短暂而肤浅的联系。故答案为Online netwrking makes shrt, superficial cnnectins, which is nt helpful in real life.
24．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“S, they suggested that teens shuld spend mre time with thers in real life. ”可知，因此，他们建议青少年应该花更多的时间在现实生活中与他人相处。故答案为They suggested that teens shuld spend mre time with thers in real life.
25．考查推理判断。根据第四段中“And much f ur cmmunicatin is nnverbal anyway. Facial expressins, gestures, and vcal tnes are just a few examples. Teens need t have face-t-face interactins s they can learn t read these nnverbal cues(暗示), which are smetimes even mre imprtant than the wrds a persn is saying.”可知，我们的很多交流都是非语言的，比如面部表情、手势和语调。青少年需要面对面的交流,这样他们就可以学习阅读这些非语言的暗示(暗示),有时甚至比这个人说的话更重要。故答案为Hearing and understanding what a persn is saying is necessarily invlved in cmmunicatin, s peple get less frm nnverbal expressins.Accrding t the text"And much f ur cmmunicatin is nnverbal anyway. Facial expressins, gestures, and vcal tnes are just a few examples. Teens need t have face-t-face interactins s they can learn t read these nnverbal cues(暗示), which are smetimes even mre imprtant than the wrds a persn is saying." , we knw that the nnverbal expressins are mre imprtant than the wrds.
26．考查开放性题型。本篇文章主要内容讲述了现实生活中面对面的沟通，可以锻炼青少年的各种能力，对将来的就业和生活都有好处。因此从这个角度出发，青少年平时应该增加线下交流的方式，参考方法如下：首先要了解自己擅长和喜欢什么领域，然后多参加相关的活动，多交该领域的朋友，从而锻炼自己的沟通能力。故答案为First f all, we shuld knw urselves well, such as the talent and hbbies. Then, we shuld take part in sme relevant activities which are suitable fr us. And frm these experience, we can make friends and imprve ur ability t face-t-face cmmunicatin.
【答案】27．He defines judgment as the cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins.
28．Because sme peple may have expert knwledge, but they dn't necessarily have judgment.
29．Gd judgement is imprtant t success and a successful persn definitely has gd judgement.
Accrding t the passage, success is nt a signal that there has been gd judgment.
30．略
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了判断对于成功的重要性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放性试题两三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，同时结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
27．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Sir Andrew Likierman f the Lndn Business Schl suggests that judgment is ‘the cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins'.”伦敦商学院的Andrew Likierman爵士认为，判断力是“个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定”。可知，安德鲁爵士对判断的定义是他将判断定义为个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定。故答案为He defines judgment as the cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins.
28．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“‘Academics have expert knwledge,' Sir Andrew bserves. ‘They dn't necessarily have judgment.'”“学者拥有专业知识，”安德鲁爵士说。“他们不一定有判断力。”可知，安德鲁说专业知识和判断是不一样的， 是因为有些人可能有专业知识，但他们不一定有判断力。故答案为Because sme peple may have expert knwledge, but they dn't necessarily have judgment.
29．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“‘While gd judgment is imprtant t success,' Sir Andrew cautins, ‘success is nt a signal that there has been gd judgment.'”“虽然良好的判断力对成功很重要，”安德鲁爵士警告说，“成功不是一个有良好判断力的信号。”可知，成功不是有良好判断的信号。故答案为Gd judgement is imprtant t success and a successful persn definitely has gd judgement.
30．考查开放性试题。题意：请列出除“判断”之外的一个因素，并解释为什么（约40词）。要求考生根据短文进行概括归纳，答案可能为：Accrding t the passage, success is nt a signal that there has been gd judgment.
【答案】31．She spke up abut the prblem.
32．Thse wh cmplain are usually unkind r incnsiderate. And cmplaining always has a negative impact.
33．Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
Accrding t the passage, cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr attentin frm thers.
34．言之有理即可
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纠正人们对抱怨的误解，包括让老是抱怨的人安静下来的方法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放性时态题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
31．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It gt s bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality f their time tgether, s she finally spke up and helped her mther realize hw ften she cmplained.”事情变得如此糟糕，以至于简觉得这破坏了他们在一起的时间质量，所以她终于说了出来，并帮助她的母亲意识到她是多么频繁地抱怨。可知，简·布斯把问题说出来让她妈妈不再抱怨，故答案为She spke up abut the prblem.
32．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“T be effective, it helps t crrect misbeliefs abut cmplaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, mst cnsiderate peple cmplain. And cmplaining desn't always have a negative impact.”为了提高效率，首先要纠正人们对抱怨的误解。事实上，即使是最善良、最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响。可知，关于抱怨的误解是认为那些抱怨的人通常是不友善或不体谅别人的且抱怨总是有负面影响。故答案为Thse wh cmplain are usually unkind r incnsiderate. And cmplaining always has a negative impact.
33．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the satisfactin fr frequent cmplainers cmes frm attentin, s they are never satisfied with any suggestin t address the prblems that they highlight—reslutin isn't their aim.”当我们需要别人倾听我们的声音时，我们会重复自己的话。经常抱怨的人的满足感来自关注，所以他们从不满足于任何解决问题的建议。他们强调，解决问题不是他们的目标。可知，经常抱怨是人们寻求他人关注的一种方式，并不是为自己的问题寻求建议，故答案为Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
34．考查开放性试题。Accrding t the passage, cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr attentin frm thers.
【答案】35．Thrugh artificial intelligence.
36．Technlgy is a set f tls that we use in different ways t increase efficiency.
37．It is bviusly ptimistic t predict the types and quantities f jbs that this new revlutin will create.
Accrding t the passage, it can be challenging t predict the kinds f jbs that this new revlutin will create and in what quantities, which makes the situatin seem wrse than it actually is.
38．With the develpment f Internet, plenty f digital resurces are available t me. Everything is at the tuch f a fingertip, s I can easily and quickly access whatever I am interested in and expand my minds by immersing myself in high quality resurces.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍技术的进步使实现自动化成为可能。技术的进步消除了对某些类型工作的需求，同时也创造了新的工作。
【点评】本题是任务型阅读，考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主观开放题三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，并结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
35．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…making it pssible t autmate much f the wrk currently carried ut by humans. This applies t bth blue-cllar jbs thrugh rbtics and the Internet f things, and white-cllar wrk thrugh artificial intelligence. ”这使由人类完成的工作实现自动化成为可能。这既适用于通过机器人和物联网实现的蓝领工作，也适用于通过人工智能实现的白领工作。可知，今天的科技是通过人工智能使白领工作实现自动化。故答案为Thrugh artificial intelligence. 。
36．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Technlgy is a set f tls that we use in different ways t increase efficiency. ”可知，科技是我们用不同的方法来提高效率的工具。故答案为Technlgy is a set f tls that we use in different ways t increase efficiency. 。
37．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It can be challenging t predict the kinds f jbs that this new revlutin will create and in what quantities , which makes the situatin seem wrse than it actually is. ”要预测这场新革命将创造什么样的工作机会，以及创造多少工作机会是具有挑战性的。这使得情况看起来比实际情况更糟；以及“It can be challenging…”可以推断，“It is bviusly ptimistic…（这显然是很乐观的……）”是不正确的。故答案为It is bviusly ptimistic t predict the types and quantities f jbs that this new revlutin will create. /Accrding t the passage, it can be challenging t predict the kinds f jbs that this new revlutin will create and in what quantities, which makes the situatin seem wrse than it actually is. 。
38．本题为主观题，答案不唯一。题目要求简要介绍技术进步带来的好处，可以介绍网络的发展给我们生活带来便利的一方面，比如我们很容易就可以获得大量的数字资源。故答案为With the develpment f Internet, plenty f digital resurces are available t me. Everything is at the tuch f a fingertip, s I can easily and quickly access whatever I are interested in and expand my minds by immersing myself in high quality resurces. 。