考点5 阅读理解主旨大意之文章大意（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版）

这是一份考点5 阅读理解主旨大意之文章大意（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版），共40页。试卷主要包含了抓基础，抓课堂，抓自习，抓阅读等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
考点5 阅读理解
主旨大意之文章大意（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中文章大意的考查共计4次，主要考查：
根据文章全文，概括文章大意。概括文章大意的方法：1.利用主题句；2.没有主题句，总结文章大意；3.关注作者的写作意图和目的，也是概括文章大意的一个重要信息。
【备考策略】系统归类文章大意的总结方法，尤其是主题句、同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
2024年阅读理解对文章大意的考查仍然是重点。
【2024年高考命题预测】
文章大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章作者一定在表达或传递他的思想，因此，每篇文章一定有它的中心思想。预测在2024高考中，文章大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【主旨大意之文章大意考点指南】
规律方法：如何概括文章大意?
1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t get n well with ther family members.
B．Hw t have ne’s wn persnal space at hme.
C．Hw t live a zer waste lifestyle in a husehld.
D．Hw t cntrl the budget when buying grceries.
【答案】 27．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。
2. B【2020·全国新课标II】
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.242
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.
C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
3.C【2020·全国新课标III】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.318
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
【答案】31.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
1.【2023届甘肃省高三第三次高考诊断】
Just 11 minutes f mderate- t-vigrus intensity aerbic (有氧的) activity per day culd lwer yur risk f cancer, cardivascular (心血管的) disease r premature death, a large new study has fund.
Aerbic activities include walking, dancing, running, jgging, cycling and swimming. Yu can calculate the intensity level f an activity by yur heart rate and hw hard yu re breathing as yu mve. Generally, being able t talk but nt sing during an activity wuld make it mderate (中等的) intensity. Vigrus intensity is marked by the inability t carry n a cnversatin.
Higher levels f physical activity have been assciated with lwer rates f premature death and chrnic disease, accrding t past research. But hw the risk levels fr these utcmes are affected by the amunt f exercise smene gets has been mre difficult t determine. T explre this impact, scientists largely frm the University f Cambridge in the United Kingdm lked at data frm 196 studies, amunting t mre than 30 millin adult participants wh were fllwed fr 10 years n average.
The study mainly fcused n participants wh had dne the minimum recmmended amunt f 150 minutes f exercise per week, r 22 minutes per day. Cmpared with inactive participants, adults wh had dne 150 minutes f mderate- t-vigrus aerbic physical activity per week had a 31% lwer risk f dying frm any cause, a 29% lwer risk f dying frm cardivascular disease and a 15% lwer risk f dying frm cancer.
Furthermre, the study states even peple wh gt just half the minimum recmmended amunt f physical activity benefited. Accumulating 75 minutes f mderate -intensity activity per week—abut 11 minutes f activity per day—was assciated with a 23% lwer risk f early death. Getting active fr 75 minutes n a weekly basis was als enugh t reduce the risk f develping cardivascular disease by 17% and cancer by 7%.
The findings cnfirm the Wrld Health Organizatin’s psitin that ding sme physical activity is better than ding nne, even if yu dn’t get the recmmended amunts f exercise.
15．What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A．Higher levels f physical activity benefit peple.
B．A little exercise is better than nne.
C．Physical activities must be aerbic and enugh.
D．The full recmmended amunt f exercise matters mre.
【答案】 15．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究新发现：每天只需11分钟的中高强度有氧运动对身体健康也会有积极的影响。所以，即使你没有达到建议的运动量，做一些体育活动也比不做要好。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Just 11 minutes f mderate- t-vigrus intensity aerbic(有氧的)activity per day culd lwer yur risk f cancer, cardivascular (心血管的) disease r premature death, a large new study has fund. (一项大型新研究发现，每天只需11分钟的中高强度有氧运动，就能降低患癌症、心血管疾病或过早死亡的风险。)”可知，本文介绍了一个新研究结果：每天仅11分钟的中度或高强度的有氧运动能减少患癌症、心血管病或早死的风险性。结合文章最后一段“The findings cnfirm the Wrld Health Organizatin’s psitin that ding sme physical activity is better than ding nne, even if yu dn’t get the recmmended amunts f exercise. (研究结果证实了世界卫生组织的立场，即：即使你没有达到建议的运动量，做一些体育活动也比不做要好。)”可知，此项研究结果旨在强调：尽管11分钟不是推荐的最小训练量，但是锻炼比不锻炼强。故选B项。
2.D【江西省八校高三第一次联考】
Whether it's the slw drifting apart frm a childhd friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, r ne f the many relatinships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, lsing smene that yu thught wuld always be in yur life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen ver the curse f ur lives, and we need t start learning hw t deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship cach Danielle Bayard Jacksn.
The mst significant thing we need t d, says Jacksn, is nrmalize the fact that smetimes friendships d end and that can actually be healthy. Hwever, we haven't been taught t carry this expectatin int ur friend relatinships.
“We’re nt lking at ur friends thrugh a lens (透镜) f ‘Gsh,I hpe this wrks ut’, but we’ll d that with a rmantic partner fr sure,” says Jacksn. “ With a partner, we wnder if they're ging t be the ne. But with friends, we assume they' re the ne frm the minute we establish that we like each ther.”
And because we dn't view the lss f a friendship as a nrmal ccurrence, it feels like a persnal failing when it happens and smething we shuld be ashamed f. Or, as Jacksn puts it, “If friendship is suppsed t be easy and yurs ended, what did yu d wrng?”
But that isn't the case.
Friendships, like any relatinship, smetimes aren't meant t be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real wrk. Kristen Newtn has been interested in this wrk fr years and funded HEART Cnvs, which aims t help peple wh feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind f pen and hnest cmmunicatin that keeps a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance f ur scial cnnectins and friendship. Yet we recgnize the weight that they carry when they dn't wrk ut, and we experience that hurt and disappintment,” she says.
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t regain a friendship that has ended.
B．The lss f a friendship is a nrmal ccurrence.
C．Why friendship breaks up ver the curse f ur lives.
D．Many relatinships have fallen away during the pandemic.
【答案】12．B
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether it's the slw drifting apart frm a childhd friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, r ne f the many relatinships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, lsing smene that yu thught wuld always be in yur life is deeply jarring.(不管是否是童年朋友的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安)”和第二段“But friendship breakups will happen ver the curse f ur lives(但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去友谊在人生中是常有的事情。故选B。
3.D【陕西省渭南市高三教学质量检测一模】
The earliest tmates were little sur berries. They grew amng lw bushes in dry, sunny places in the Andes Muntains in Suth America. It was abut 350 millin years ag.
Tmat plants are relative t nightshade (茄属植物), which has pisn. The leaves and stems f tmat plants have pisn , but the berries are gd t eat. The berries are red s that animals can find them easily and eat them. The animals carry the seeds t ther places. That was hw earliest tmat plants fund new places t grw. Tmates are als relative t tbacc, chili peppers and ptates.
When peple first came t Suth America abut 20,000 years ag, they ate these tiny wild tmates. Travelers brught a few kinds f wild tmat plants frm the Andes t Central America, there the ancestrs f the Maya began t farm them. Nbdy knws exactly when peple began farming tmates, but it prbably was much later than crn and beans, and it was surely befre 500 BC．These Central American fanners bred tmates t be bigger and sweeter than the wild nes.
By the time Spanish explrers gt t Tenchtitlan in Mexic in 1521 AD, the Aztec peple ere eating a lt f tmates, made a sauce f chpped (剁碎的)tmates, nins, salt and chili peppers that was a lt like ur salsa. The wrd “tmat” cmes frm their Nahuatl wrd “tmat”.
Because tmates weren't farmed until pretty late, farmers further nrth had nt yet been able t adapt heir grwing seasn t wrking in Nrth America. Even tday, it's pretty hard t get yur tmates ripe in the nrthern parts f Nrth America befre the grwing seasn ends.
15．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t grw tmates.
B．The histry f tmates.
C．When t grw tmates.
D．The places where tmates grw.
【答案】15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西红柿的历史。
15．主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“The earliest tmates were little sur berries.(最早的西红柿是小的酸浆果)”，第三段第一句“When peple first came t Suth America abut 20,000 years ag, they ate these tiny wild tmates.(大约2万年前，当人们第一次来到南美洲时，他们吃这些小小的野生番茄)”和第四段第一句“By the time Spanish explrers gt t Tenchtitlan in Mexic in 1521 AD, the Aztec peple ere eating a lt f tmates(当西班牙探险家在1521年到达墨西哥的特诺奇蒂特兰时，阿兹特克人吃了很多西红柿)”和最后一段“Because tmates weren't farmed until pretty late,(因为西红柿是很晚才开始种植的)”可知，本文介绍了西红柿的历史。故选B。
4.C【吉林省长春市重点高中高三下学期第三次模拟】
One f the greatest challenges in caring fr such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is prviding them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Prject Chimps receive mrning and evening fd-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always lking fr mre ways t keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive persnality, care staff ften find that different chimps react differently t new enrichment.
Last year, we began inviting musicians t perfrm fr chimps t see what they may respnd. A vilin perfrmance received quite the respnse. Additinal musicians were lined up t visit but the crnavirus has stpped the activities, which we hpe t resume in the near future.
This past week, we brught an electric pian fr the chimps t investigate. Sme chimps, like twins Buttercup and Clarisse, were immediately interested and culd nt wait t tap ut a few ntes. Others, like Emma, were mre interested in trying t take it apart.
29-year-ld Precius has very little tlerance fr the pian. She sat ff t the side fr a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enugh. She called an end t the enrichment sessin by thrwing a handful f waste at the pian. Receiving her message lud and clear, we remved the pian.
We culd never have guessed hw 33-year-ld Luke wuld react t it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has sme anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful f anything new, including peple, fd, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the pian, Luke was the first t investigate. We culd nt believe ur eyes—this usually anxius chimpanzee bravely chse t explre smething new!
T us at Prject Chimps, this is what it is all abut: giving chimpanzees the freedm t chse. We are hnred t be part f their jurney.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw caregivers care fr the retired chimpanzees.
B．What care staff d t enrich chimpanzees’ daily life.
C．Hw chimpanzees are trained thrugh varius enrichment.
D．What Prject Chimps des t bserve and study wild chimps.
【答案】11．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员如何通过各种方法丰富黑猩猩的生活的故事。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句“One f the greatest challenges in caring fr such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is prviding them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Prject Chimps receive mrning and evening fd-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always lking fr mre ways t keep the chimps mentally engaged. (照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活体验。每天，“黑猩猩计划”的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验，但护理人员总是在寻找更多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态)”，以及最后一段“T us at Prject Chimps, this is what it is all abut: giving chimpanzees the freedm t chse. We are hnred t be part f their jurney. (对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来说，这就是它的全部意义：给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分)”可知，本文主要讲述了参与“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施；选项B意为“护理人员如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活”，与原文相符。故选B项。考点
题型
文章大意
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
设问
考点
【2023年1月·浙江卷】
27．What is the text mainly abut?
文章大意
2022
2022年全国甲卷
阅读C31. What is the text mainly abut?
文章大意
2021
2021年3月天津卷
C篇56．What is the passage mainly abut?
文章大意
2021年6月浙江卷
C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
文章大意
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023年辽宁省高三第二次全省统考暨朝阳市第一高级中学高三四模】
Las Fallas, Spain
Las Fallas is a traditinal celebratin hnring St. Jseph. It centers arund giant paper mache (纸型) puppets called fallas. The main events run frm March 15 t March 19. The fallas will take ver the city streets fr full days t mark the end f winter and the beginning f spring.
Sngkran Festival, Thailand
The three-day Sngkran Festival is ne f the mst ppular celebratins in Thailand. Traditinally, Thais use this time t clean and reflect, and pay respect t neighbrs, family and the elderly. Out n the street, Thais f all ages engage in an intense (激烈的) water war with each ther and turists alike.
Hli Festival, India
The day after the first full mn f March marks the start f Hli, a Hindu festival with many legends behind it. On Hli, friends, neighbrs and strangers pur int the streets t celebrate the end f winter by thrwing clred water and pwder n each ther.
Cherry Blssm Festival, Japan
Every spring, when the Chery Blssm Festival arrives, the Japanese celebrate by heading utside fr picnics and parties under the plentiful trees. It is ne f the cuntry’s mst cherished traditins.
1．What d the fur festivals have in cmmn?
A．All the festivals last fr 3 days.
B．There are many stries behind the festivals.
C．Peple usually celebrate the festival utdrs.
D．Family members have a big party t celebrate the festival.
2．If yu want t enjy the beauty f nature, where will yu g?
A．Japan.B．Spain.C．India.D．Thailand.
3．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The histry f sme festivals.B．The custms f sme festivals.
C．The activities f sme festivals.D．The intrductin f sme festivals.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界各地的四个节日。
1．细节理解题。根据“Las Fallas, Spain”部分的“The fallas will take ver the city streets(拉斯法拉斯在大街上进行)”、“Sngkran Festival, Thailand”部分的“Out n the street, Thais f all ages engage in an intense(激烈的) water war with each ther and turists alike(在街上，各个年龄段的泰国人都在与彼此和游客之间进行激烈的水战)”、“Hli Festival, India”部分的“On Hli, friends, neighbrs and strangers pur int the streets t celebrate the end f winter by thrwing clred water and pwder n each ther.( 在胡里节，朋友、邻居和陌生人涌上街头，互相泼洒彩色的水和粉末，庆祝冬天的结束)”以及“Cherry Blssm Festival, Japan”部分的“Every spring, when the Chery Blssm Festival arrives, the Japanese celebrate by heading utside fr picnics and parties under the plentiful trees(每年春天，当奇瑞樱花节到来时，日本人都会去外面的树下野餐和聚会来庆祝)”可知，四个节日的共同之处是在户外进行，故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据“Cherry Blssm Festival, Japan”部分的“Every spring, when the Chery Blssm Festival arrives, the Japanese celebrate by heading utside fr picnics and parties under the plentiful trees(每年春天，当奇瑞樱花节到来时，日本人都会去外面的树下野餐和聚会来庆祝)”可知在日本可以体验到户外的大自然之美，由此可以推理出，如果你想享受大自然之美，可以选择日本，故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据“Las Fallas, Spain”部分的“The fallas will take ver the city streets(拉斯法拉斯在大街上进行)”、“Sngkran Festival, Thailand”部分的“Out n the street, Thais f all ages engage in an intense(激烈的) water war with each ther and turists alike(在街上，各个年龄段的泰国人都在与彼此和游客之间进行激烈的水战)”、“Hli Festival, India”部分的“On Hli, friends, neighbrs and strangers pur int the streets t celebrate the end f winter by thrwing clred water and pwder n each ther.( 在胡里节，朋友、邻居和陌生人涌上街头，互相泼洒彩色的水和粉末，庆祝冬天的结束)”以及“Cherry Blssm Festival, Japan”部分的“Every spring, when the Chery Blssm Festival arrives, the Japanese celebrate by heading utside fr picnics and parties under the plentiful trees(每年春天，当奇瑞樱花节到来时，日本人都会去外面的树下野餐和聚会来庆祝)”可知本文是对世界各地的四个活动进行了介绍，故选D项。
2.【2023届河北省邯郸市高考三模（保温卷）】
It feels gd t recycle. There’s a certain sense f accmplishment that cmes frm carefully srting sda bttles, plastic bags and ygurt cups frm the rest f the garbage. The mre plastic yu put in that blue bin, the mre yu’re keeping ut f landfills and the ceans, right?
Wrng. N matter hw meticulus yu are in cleaning and separating yur plastics, mst end up in the trash anyway. Take flexible fd packages. Thse films cntain several layers f different plastics. Because each plastic has t be recycled separately, thse films are nt recyclable. The plyprpylene (聚丙烯) in ygurt cups and ther items desn’t usually get recycled either; recycling a hdgepdge f plyprpylene prduces a dark, smelly plastic that few manufacturers will use.
Only tw kinds f plastic are cmmnly recycled in the United States: the kind in plastic sda bttles, plyethylene terephthalate, r PET; and the plastic fund in milk cntainers — high-density plyethylene, r HDPE. Tgether, thse plastics make up nly abut a quarter f the wrld’s plastic trash. And when thse plastics are recycled, they aren’t gd fr much. Melting plastic dwn t recycle changes its cnsistency, s PET frm bttles has t be mixed with brand-new plastic t make a sturdy final prduct. Recycling a mix f multiclred HDPE pieces creates a dark plastic gd nly fr making prducts like park benches and waste bins, in which prperties like clr dn’t matter much.
The difficulties f recycling plastic int anything manufacturers want t use is a big reasn why the wrld is littered with s much plastic waste, says Eric Beckman, a chemical engineer at the University f Pittsburgh. In 2018 alne, the United States landfilled 27 millin tns f plastic and recycled a mere 3 millin, accrding t the U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency. Lw recycling rates aren’t just a prblem in the United States. Of the 6.3 billin tns f plastic that have been discarded arund the wrld, nly abut 9 percent has gtten recycled. Anther 12 percent has been burned, and almst 80 percent has piled up n land r in waterways.
8．What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T shw a lifestyle.B．T describe a phenmenn.
C．T intrduce a tpic.D．T make a prpsal.
9．What des the underlined wrd “meticulus” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Painful.B．Frgetful.C．Regretful.D．Mindful.
10．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Manufacturers dn’t want t use recycled plastic.
B．There is an urgent need t reduce plastic waste.
C．Mre plastic can be dealt with by burning.
D．U.S. is t blame fr the plastic prblem.
11．What is the main idea f the text?
A．The causes f plastic pllutin.
B．The characteristics f different plastics.
C．The ways that mst plastics are recycled.
D．The reasns why many plastics are nt recycled.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．D
【文章大意】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了将塑料回收成制造商想要使用的任何东西是非常困难的，这也是致使许多塑料垃圾无法被回收，最终堆积过多的原因。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“It feels gd t recycle.”（回收的感觉真好）和“The mre plastic yu put in that blue bin, the mre yu’re keeping ut f landfills and the ceans, right?”（你往那个蓝色垃圾桶里扔的塑料越多，你就越能避免塑料进入垃圾填埋场和海洋，对吧？）可知，第一段提出了回收塑料有助于减少塑料垃圾的问题；结合第二段的回答“Wrng.”和“N matter hw meticulus yu are in cleaning and separating yur plastics, mst end up in the trash ”（无论你在清洁和分类塑料方面多么meticulus，大多数塑料最终都会被扔进垃圾桶……因为……）可知，下文指出来大部分塑料无法回收的结果，并在第二段给出了解释和说明；同时根据三、四段主要内容可知，文章主要在围绕塑料可被回收和不可回收的话题展开，故第一段起到了引出话题的作用。故选C。
9．词义猜测题。根据第一段“There’s a certain sense f accmplishment that cmes frm carefully srting sda bttles, plastic bags and ygurt cups frm the rest f the garbage.”（仔细地把汽水瓶、塑料袋和酸奶杯从其他垃圾中分类出来，会有一种成就感）可知，人们会觉得只要很仔细用心地把塑料分类，就会有好的效果；结合划线词所在句“N matter hw meticulus yu are in cleaning and separating yur plastics, mst end up in the trash anyway.”（无论你在清洁和分类塑料方面多么meticulus，大多数塑料最终都会被扔进垃圾桶）可知，事实是大多数塑料最终会被扔进垃圾桶，无论你怎么仔细用心分类，故“meticulus”表示“用心的、留心的”。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 2018 alne, the United States landfilled 27 millin tns f plastic and recycled a mere 3 millin, accrding t the U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency.”（根据美国环境保护局的数据，仅在2018年，美国就填埋了2700万吨塑料，而回收的塑料仅为300万吨）和“Of the 6.3 billin tns f plastic that have been discarded arund the wrld, nly abut 9 percent has gtten recycled. Anther 12 percent has been burned, and almst 80 percent has piled up n land r in waterways.”（在全世界被丢弃的63亿吨塑料中，只有约9%被回收利用，另有12%的垃圾被烧毁，近80%的垃圾堆积在陆地或水道上）可知，目前全世界的塑料垃圾问题很严重，急需减少塑料垃圾。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The difficulties f recycling plastic int anything manufacturers want t use is a big reasn why the wrld is littered with s much plastic waste, says Eric Beckman, a chemical engineer at the University f Pittsburgh. ”（匹兹堡大学的化学工程师Eric Beckman说，将塑料回收成制造商想要使用的任何东西的困难，是世界上充斥着如此多塑料垃圾的一个重要原因）及二、三段具体描述的许多塑料不可回收和可回收的原因可知，本文主要讲述了为什么许多塑料不可回收的原因。故选D。
3.【2023届山西省金科大联考高三四月模拟检测】
A treasure trve (无主埋藏物) f jewelry was uncvered at La Almlya, a site in Murcia, sutheastern Spain. La Almlya was a centre f plitics and wealth in the El Argar territry, and althugh the discvery was made in 2014, experts are nw taking a clser lk at the plitical backgrund f the unearthed treasure.
The remains f a wman, alng with a man wh may have been her husband were discvered in the hills f the area. Researchers believe that the burial happened arund 1700 BC, and that the wman was buried with much mre treasures than average peple, which may imply her rle in her cmmunity.
The pair were fund with 30 bjects cntaining precius metals and stnes. Experts believe that the man in the grave was prbably a fighter, because wear and tear n his bnes ndicated he spent a lt f time n hrseback. The wman, called the “Princess f La Almlya”, was buried a shrt time after the man. The grave gds f the wman were wrth tens f thusands f dllars in tday’s mney. “We have tw ways f interpreting this,” says Rbert Risch f the Autnmus University f Barcelna “Either yu say, it’s the wife f a king; r yu say, n, she’s a plitical persnality by herself”
Previus findings have revealed that wmen were cnsidered adults at a much yunger age than bys were. Fr example, grave gds have shwed that girls as yung as six were buried with knives and tls, but bys wuld be in their teens by the time they wuld be buried alngside such things. The discvery at La Almlya shed new light n the plitics and gender relatins in ne f the first urban scieties f the West.
28．What can we infer frm the text?
A．The pair lived after 1700 BC．B．The man was buried after the wman.
C．The may be an imprtant persnD．Experts began t study the trve in 2014.
29．What can indicate that the man was a fighter?
A．Injuries n his bnes.B．Metals buried with him.
C．The time he was buried.D．Hrses next t him.
30．Wh was regarded as an adult accrding t the text?
A．A girl at the age f fur.B．A seven-year-ld by.
C．A six-year-ld girl.D．A by at the age f nine.
31．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The identity f a buried wman is nt clear
B．A pair were newly discvered with great treasure
C．Wmen might be less pwerful in the ancient wrld.
D．Further study at an unearthed trve leads t new findings.
【答案】28．C 29．A 30．C 31．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了专家对位于西班牙东南部已出土的无主埋藏物进行了研究，并介绍了埋藏物的情况和由此得出的猜测。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Researchers believe that the burial happened arund 1700 BC, and that the wman was buried with much mre treasures than average peple, which may imply her rle in her cmmunity.(研究人员认为，这一埋葬发生在公元前1700年左右，这名妇女的陪葬品比普通人多得多，这可能暗示了她在她的社区中的角色)”可知，这个女人陪葬的宝物比一般人多很多，这可能暗示了她在社会中的地位。因此可以判断出，她可能有重要的社会地位，是一个重要的人。故选C项。
29． 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Experts believe that the man in the grave was prbably a fighter，because wear and tear n his bnes indicated he spent a lt f time n hrseback.(专家认为，坟墓里的人可能是一名战士，因为他骨头上的磨损表明他花了很多时间在马背上)”可知，专家认为这个墓中的男人可能是个战士，因为他骨头上的损伤暗示了他在马背上度过了很长时间。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Previus findings have revealed that wmen were cnsidered adults at a much yunger age than bys were. Fr example, grave gds have shwed that girls as yung as six were buried with knives and tls, but bys wuld be in their teens by the time they wuld be buried alngside such things.(此前的研究发现，女性被视为成年人的年龄要比男孩小得多。例如，陪葬品显示，年仅六岁的女孩与刀具和工具一起下葬，但男孩在十几岁时就会与这些东西一起下葬)”可知，以前的发现揭示了女性被当做成年人的年龄比男性要小，比如：六岁女孩的坟墓里就埋着刀和工具，但是十几岁的男孩坟墓里才会埋这些。由此可见，六岁的女孩就已经被当作成年人了。故选C项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容“experts are nw taking a clser lk at the plitical backgrund f the unearthed treasure(专家们现在正在仔细研究这一出土宝藏的政治背景)”和全文说明的内容可知，专家对位于西班牙东南部已出土的无主埋藏物进行了研究，并介绍了埋藏物的情况和由此得出的猜测。故选D项。
4.【2023届山西省长治市部分学校高三下学期三模联合考试】
Mre peple are using ChatGPT t create bks fr sale. Althugh sales have s far been slw, human writers are wrried that ChatGPT-created bks might hurt the writing and publishing industry.
Brett Schickler never imagined he culd be a published authr. After learning abut the ChatGPT artificial intelligence prgram, Brett decided that he had a gd chance. Using the AI sftware, Brett created a 30-pagchildren’s e-bk in a few hurs. He ffered it fr sale thrugh Amazn’s self-publishing sectin and it made Brett less than $100.While that may nt sund like much, it’s enugh t drive him t create ther bks using the sft ware Amazn is by far the largest seller f bth physical and e-bks. It has well ver half f the sales in the United States and ver 80 percent f the e-bk market. There were ver 200 e-bks in Amazn’s Kindle stre as f mid-February that say ChatGPT is a writer r c-writer. And the number is rising daily. But due t the nature f ChatGPT and many writers’ failure t admit that they have used it, it is impssible t get a full cunt f hw man ye-bks may be written by AI.
Sme prfessinal writers are shwing their cncern. “This is smething we really need t knw, these bks will fld the market and many writers are ging t be ut f wrk,” said Mary Rasenberger, the executive directr f the Authrs Guild, “The ability t create with AI culd turn bk writing frm an art int a cmmdity (商品).”
Nt everyne is impressed by the sftware. Mark Dawsn, wh has sld millins f cpies f bks he wrte himself thrugh Kindle Direct Publishing, was quick t call ChatGPT-assisted nvels dull. Dawsn said that quality is imprtant in the bk business.“It plays a part in hw bks are recmmended t ther readers. If a bk gets bad reviews, it’s quickly ging t sink t the bttm
32．Why is Brett Schickler mentined in paragraph 2?
A．T share the trick f making a frtune by writing
B．T share hw t create e-bks by using an Al prgram
C．T predict the develpment f an AI prgram in the future
D．T shw hw an Al prgram helped peple with their writing
33．What d we knw abut the e-bks in Amazn’s Kindle stre?
A．Many f them are related t AI tpics
B．Many f them are accurately recrded by AI
C．Sme f them are pssibly created by AI
D．Many f them are mre ppular than befre
34．What des Mary Rasenberger wrry abut
A．Prfessinal writers’ lack f inspiratin
B．ChatGPT’s impact n the publishing industry
C．Readers’ difficulty in finding their favrite nvels
D．Authrs’ failure t write gd nvels withut ChatGPT
35．What is the main idea f the text?
A．ChatGPT might harm riginal writing
B．The impact f ChatGPT is huger than befre
C．Many peple rely n ChatGPT t make a living
D．ChatGPT is better than humans in terms f writing
【答案】32．D 33．C 34．B 35．A
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了人们使用ChatGPT产生的不良影响，ChatGPT可能会损害原创写作。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Brett Schickler never imagined he culd be a published authr. After learning abut the ChatGPT artificial intelligence prgram, Brett decided that he had a gd chance. Using the AI sftware, Brett created a 30-pagchildren’s e-bk in a few hurs. (Brett Schickler从未想过自己会成为一名出版作家。在了解了ChatGPT人工智能项目后，Brett认为他有一个很好的机会。使用人工智能软件，Brett在几个小时内创作了一本30页的儿童电子书。)”可知，本段提到了Brett Schickler是为了展示人工智能程序是如何帮助人们写作的。故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“There were ver 200 e-bks in Amazn’s Kindle stre as f mid-February that say ChatGPT is a writer r c-writer. And the number is rising daily. But due t the nature f ChatGPT and many writers’ failure t admit that they have used it, it is impssible t get a full cunt f hw man ye-bks may be written by AI. (截至2月中旬，亚马逊Kindle商店中有超过200本电子书称ChatGPT是作者或合著者。这个数字每天都在上升。但由于ChatGPT的性质以及许多作者不愿承认他们使用过它，因此不可能全面统计人工智能可能会写多少本书。)”可知，亚马逊Kindle商店里的电子书有些可能是人工智能创造的。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中Mary Rasenberger所说“This is smething we really need t knw, these bks will fld the market and many writers are ging t be ut f wrk. (这是我们真的需要知道的事情，这些书将充斥市场，许多作家将失业。)”以及“The ability t create with AI culd turn bk writing frm an art int a cmmdity (商品). (用人工智能进行创作的能力可能会把写书从一门艺术变成一种商品。)”可知，Mary Rasenberger担心ChatGPT对出版业的影响。故选B项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Mre peple are using ChatGPT t create bks fr sale. Althugh sales have s far been slw, human writers are wrried that ChatGPT-created bks might hurt the writing and publishing industry. (越来越多的人使用ChatGPT创建图书销售。尽管迄今为止销售缓慢，但人类作家担心chatgpt创作的书籍可能会损害写作和出版行业。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们使用ChatGPT产生的不良影响，ChatGPT可能会损害原创写作。故选A项。
5.【2023届重庆市普通高中高三第三次联合诊断测】
Aasritha Duriseti recently nticed her grandmther’s difficulty pening a bttle cap. Frtunately, she fund a slutin in her eighth-grade engineering class at Carsn Middle Schl in Herndn, Virginia, whse assignment was t adapt existing prducts t make daily life easier fr peple with challenges.
Aasritha’s creativity kicked in as she researched existing bttle-pening devices. She used a piece f wd shaped like a cellphne and put three hles n it, each in different sizes and lined with a layer f dried, sticky ht glue, which prvided firm grips (防滑力) fr cmmn bttle caps. With a simple twisting (拧) mtin, her grandmther culd pen bttles withut assistance.
“Students in the class used mre than their math, physics and tl skills. They als learned t lk at prblems frm anther’s pint f view,” said Teacher Mark Blt, “Engineers need t put themselves in their prduct users’ shes t build effective slutins.”
Other students in the class als shwed sensitivity as they watched friends and family struggle with daily tasks.
Michael Kuwashima nticed hw dyslexia—a reading disrder that the brain tends t cnfuse the rder f numbers, letters and ther images-made it difficult fr a friend t fllw alng n pages full f text. Therefre, Michael created a small adjustable windw-blind-style device. “My friend culd islate (分离) small sectins f text while reading,” he said.
Arjan Garg fcused n a different prblem. Smetimes putting n clthes can be hard fr peple with a limited range f mtin. Arjan created a “dressing stick” using fur wd sticks f different sizes t fit different clthing.
The students tried different versins f their prducts alng the way t make the best ne t shw the class.
Rather than requiring step-by-step directins fr creating their prjects, Blt preferred t leave students’ creative paths pen. “If we want t d better, we have t have a chance t fail,” he said.
28．Why did Aasritha create a new bttle-pening device?
A．She hped t get a higher scre.
B．She was interested in engineering.
C．She had difficulty pening bttle caps.
D．She wanted t help her grandmther.
29．What did students learn frm the class?
A．Wrking with thers.
B．Cnducting field experiments.
C．Understanding thers’ feelings.
D．Cmmunicating with prduct users.
30．Hw did students finish their assignment?
A．With the aid f a guidebk.
B．Thrugh trial and errr.
C．With the help f classmates.
D．Under the detailed instructin.
31．What is the text mainly abut?
A．An inspiring class.
B．An excellent teacher.
C．Sme scientific methds.
D．Sme talented students.
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．B 31．A
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了在Carsn Middle Schl八年级的机械工程课上，学生们不仅学会了通过对现有设备的改造使周围人的生活更加便利，而且还学会了站在他人角度去思考，关心他们的需求。
28．推理判断题。由第一段“Aasritha Duriseti recently nticed her grandmther’s difficulty pening a bttle cap. Frtunately, she fund a slutin in her eighth-grade engineering class at Carsn Middle Schl in Herndn, Virginia, whse assignment was t adapt existing prducts t make daily life easier fr peple with challenges. (Aasritha Duriseti最近注意到她的祖母很难打开瓶盖。幸运的是，她在弗吉尼亚州Herndn的Carsn中学的八年级工程课上找到了解决办法，该课的任务是改造现有产品，使有挑战的人的日常生活更容易。)”可知，Aasritha要发明一种新的开瓶装置是因为她想帮助她的祖母。故选D。
29．细节理解题。由文章第三段“They als learned t lk at prblems frm anther’s pint f view (他们还学会了从别人的角度看问题)”可知，该课程教会学生们理解他人的感受，故选C。
30．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Rather than requiring step-by-step directins fr creating their prjects, Blt preferred t leave students’ creative paths pen. (Blt不要求学生一步一步地指导他们创建项目，而是让学生的创意之路保持开放。)”可知，学生是通过自主探索、试验来完成创造的，故选B。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Aasritha Duriseti recently nticed her grandmther’s difficulty pening a bttle cap. Frtunately, she fund a slutin in her eighth-grade engineering class at Carsn Middle Schl in Herndn, Virginia, whse assignment was t adapt existing prducts t make daily life easier fr peple with challenges. (Aasritha Duriseti最近注意到她的祖母很难打开瓶盖。幸运的是，她在弗吉尼亚州Herndn的Carsn中学的八年级工程课上找到了解决办法，该课的任务是改造现有产品，使有挑战的人的日常生活更容易。)”和第三段的“Students in the class used mre than their math, physics and tl skills. They als learned t lk at prblems frm anther’s pint f view (学生们在课堂上运用的不仅仅是数学、物理和工具技能。他们还学会了从别人的角度看问题)”可知，该篇文章主要讲述Carsn Middle Schl八年级的机械工程课帮助学生们创造了一些设备，同时教会学生从他人角度去思考问题，也就是主要是关于一堂有启发性的课，故选A。
6.【2023届福建省龙岩第一中学高考第三次校模拟】
Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (麻省理工学院) have turned spider webs int music——creating an strange sundtrack that culd help them better understand hw the spiders utput their cmplex creatins and even hw they cmmunicate.
The MIT team wrked with Berlin-based artist Tmas Saracen t take 2D (tw- dimensinal) laser (激光) scans f a spider web, which were linked tgether and made int a mathematical mdel that culd recreate the web in 3D in VR (virtual reality). They als wrked with MIT’s music department t create the virtual instrument.
“Even thugh the web lks really randm (随机)，there actually are a lt f inside structures and yu can visualize (可视化) them and yu can lk at them, but it’s really hard t grasp fr the human imaginatin r human brain t understand all these structural details,” said MIT engineering prfessr Markus Buehler, wh presented the wrk n Mnday at a virtual meeting f the American Chemical Sciety.
Listening t the music while mving thrugh the VR spider web lets yu see and hear these structural changes and gives a better idea f hw spiders see the wrld, he tld CNN. “Spiders use vibratins (振动) as a way t lcate themselves, t cmmunicate with ther spiders and s the idea f thinking really like a spider wuld experience the wrld was smething that was very imprtant t us as spider material scientists,” Buehler said.
Spiders are able t build their webs withut shelves r supprts, s having a better idea f hw they wrk culd lead t the develpment f advanced new 3D printing techniques. “The reasn why I did that is I wanted t be able t get infrmatin really frm the spider wrld, which is very weird and mysterius,” Buehler explained. In additin t the scientific value, Buehler said the webs are musically interesting and that yu can hear the sunds the spider creates during cnstructin. “It’s unusual and eerie and scary, but finally beautiful.” he described.
12．What have MIT scientists dne accrding t the passage?
A．They have translated spider webs int sunds.
B．They have made a mathematical mdel t prduce webs.
C．They have created a sundtrack t catch spiders.
D．They have knwn hw spiders cmmunicate.
13．What can we knw abut spider webs frm paragraph 3?
A．Their structures are beautiful and clear.
B．Prfessr Markus Buehler knws them well.
C．The American Chemical Sciety presents the result.
D．They are cmplex fr peple t figure it ut.
14．In which field will the study be helpful?
A．virtual realityB．printing
C．paintingD．film-making
15．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．It tells us that the music created by spiders is scary.
B．It shws hw the researchers carry ut the experiment.
C．It presents a new and creative way t study spiders.
D．It explains why scientists did the experiment.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家最近的研究成果，将蜘蛛网转换成音乐，可以更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(麻省理工学院)have turned spider webs int music——creating an strange sundtrack that culd help them better understand hw the spiders utput their cmplex creatins and even hw they cmmunicate. (美国麻省理工学院的科学家们已经把蜘蛛网变成了音乐——创造出一种奇怪的音乐，可以帮助他们更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。)”可知，麻省理工学院的科学家把蜘蛛网转换成音乐。故选A项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中Markus Buehler 所说“Even thugh the web lks really randm (随机)，there actually are a lt f inside structures and yu can visualize (可视化) them and yu can lk at them, but it’s really hard t grasp fr the human imaginatin r human brain t understand all these structural details. (尽管蜘蛛网看起来很随机，实际上有很多内部结构，你可以想象他们，你可以观察他们，但人类的想象力或人脑很难理解所有这些结构细节。)”可知，蜘蛛网的结构复杂，人类难以理解其构造。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Spiders are able t build their webs withut shelves r supprts, s having a better idea f hw they wrk culd lead t the develpment f advanced new 3D printing techniques. (蜘蛛可以在没有架子或支撑的情况下织网，所以更好地了解它们是如何工作的，可能会导致先进的新型3D打印技术的发展。)”可知，研究蜘蛛如何结网有利于提升打印技术。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(麻省理工学院)have turned spider webs int music——creating an strange sundtrack that culd help them better understand hw the spiders utput their cmplex creatins and even hw they cmmunicate. (美国麻省理工学院的科学家们已经把蜘蛛网变成了音乐——创造出一种奇怪的音乐，可以帮助他们更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。)”等内容可知，本文提出了一种新的创造性的方法来研究蜘蛛。故选C项。
7.【2024届山西省大同市高三6月学情调研】
On the eve f this week’s rail strikes, it was reprted that the industry bsses are planning t weed ut paper train tickets and clse almst 1,000 statin ticket ffices in England. The transprt secretary, Grant Shapps, has made n secret f his desire t see csts saved in this way. Sme statins sell nly a handful f tickets each week and the vast majrity f transactins (交易) have mved nline.
In the name f cst-cutting, statin ticket ffices are likely t fllw the telephne bth n the crner and becme memry. Fr thse wh have grwn used t the benefits f rganizing travel via smart phnes, there will be little t feel srry fr. But fr peple withut nline access r skills, wh tend t be lder, prer, and mre fragile, anther scial barrier will have been built.
Frm medical appintments t payment apps fr parking, mre and mre key services are nw delivered digitally. As this revlutin takes place, the interests f a significant minrity are being ignred t sme extent. In the case f health and scial care, fr example, it will ften be thse mst in need f assistance wh are least able t emply electrnic devices.
The debate ver ticket ffices ffers an pprtunity t reflect mre bradly n the increasing rle f technlgy in ur scial landscape. The unavidable trend twards technlgy is predictable, but its pssible cnsequences need t be managed with mre care. With the expanding range and increasing cmplexity f digital requirements, the aged are gradually withdrawing frm increasing scial services in their lives. Rs Altmann, the frmer pensins minister, recently wrte f being cntacted by an elderly wman wh n lnger drives t her lcal park, because she cannt dwnlad the car parking app required.
Much mre needs t be invested in helping gain easy nline access. Alternative ffline ptins must be maintained fr imprtant services. Cntactable telephne numbers f relevant staff shuld always be available. These will cst mre. But that is the price f digital transfrmatin.
8．What des the underlined “weed ut” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Pass n t.B．Give in t.C．Get rid f.D．Put up with.
9．Wh will be kept ut f service by the plan t sell tickets nline?
A．The aged.B．The yung.C．The rich.D．The strng.
10．What can be inferred abut the digital transfrmatin?
A．It will meet the demand f cnsumers.B．It will cst much less than planned.
C．It will need t be updated cnstantly.D．It will result in new scial prblems.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The accessibility f imprtant ffline services.B．The attitudes f the elderly twards technlgy.
C．The barriers caused by digital transfrmatin.D．The prs and cns f marketing tickets nline.
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了铁路行业大佬想要逐步把车票的销售转移到线上的数字化转型引起的问题，这对于没有网络和不会使用智能手机的人而言是一个社会障碍，他们面临被排除在外和被孤立的风险，最后作者指出虽然需要投入更多的资源来帮助边缘人群能够上网或学会上网，但是依然必须保留线下的服务。
8．短语猜测题。根据划线短语后“clse almst 1,000 statin ticket ffices in England(关闭英国近1000个车站售票处)”可知，此处指行业大佬们正计划淘汰纸质火车票，并关闭英国近1000个车站售票处，weed ut意为“除去，淘汰”，故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But fr peple withut nline access r skills, wh tend t be lder, prer, and mre fragile, anther scial barrier will have been built.(但对于那些无法上网或没有上网技能的人来说，他们往往年纪更大、更穷、更脆弱，这将形成另一道社会障碍)”可知，老年人被网上售票服务排除在外，故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But fr peple withut nline access r skills, wh tend t be lder, prer, and mre fragile, anther scial barrier will have been built.(但对于那些无法上网或没有上网技能的人来说，他们往往年纪更大、更穷、更脆弱，这将形成另一道社会障碍)”和第三段中“As this revlutin takes place, the interests f a significant minrity are being ignred t sme extent. In the case f health and scial care, fr example, it will ften be thse mst in need f assistance wh are least able t emply electrnic devices.(随着这场革命的发生，相当一部分少数人的利益在某种程度上被忽视了。例如，在保健和社会保健方面，最需要帮助的往往是那些最不能够使用电子设备的人)”可知，数字化转型会导致一些新的社会问题。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“But fr peple withut nline access r skills, wh tend t be lder, prer, and mre fragile, anther scial barrier will have been built.(但对于那些无法上网或没有上网技能的人来说，他们往往年纪更大、更穷、更脆弱，这将形成另一道社会障碍)”可知，文章主要讲述了因为铁路行业大佬想要逐步把车票的销售转移到线上的数字化转型引起的问题，这会对没有网络和不会使用智能手机的人形成一个社会障碍，C项“数字化转型引起的障碍”为最佳标题，故选C。
8.【广东省汕尾、珠海市等大湾区联考2023届高三学生调研】
Althugh we all experience failure in ur lives, we dn’t all react t it in the same way. An interesting research has emphasized the ntin that there are sme peple wh embrace challenges and disappintments as pprtunities t re-fcus their thinking. These are peple with a grwth mindset. Then, there are ther peple wh see failure as a cmplete failure. They believe that they never had the talent anyway, and they prbably never will. These are peple with a fixed mindset.
Psychlgist Dweck has studied these mindsets and prvided evidence that mst peple intentinally place themselves in ne f thse tw grups. The grup t which yu assign yurself frequently determines hw yu react t challenges. If yu experience failure and give up, yu have cnveniently assigned yurself t the fixed grup. If yu experience failure and regard it as a stepping stne, then yu have placed yurself int the grwth grup.
Accrding t the research, peple in the grwth grup tend t generate mre creative ideas than thse in the fixed grup. T illustrate, cnsider Thmas Edisn. In the 19th century, Edisn attempted t imprve the light bulb and experimented with numerus materials. Over a thusand trials, he managed t discver an element sustaining light. A reprter nce asked him,“It seems as thugh yu’ve tried many times and cntinue t fail each time. Why is that?”Edisn answered,“I have nt failed. I’ve just fund 10, 000 ways that wn’t wrk.”
In studies f creative peple, psychlgists discvered that a distinguishing feature separating them frm the nn-creative is that they make lts f mistakes and cntinue t wrk thrugh them. Mst peple cnsider success and failure as plar ppsites. In reality, they are bth parts f the same prcess.
8．What might peple with a grwth mindset agree with?
A．Challenges are welcmed.
B．Mistakes can be avided.
C．Success is due t gd luck.
D．Only talent leads t success.
9．What des the underlined phrase “a stepping stne” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．A rad t nwhere.
B．A challenge in the way.
C．An utcme t expect.
D．A chance t advance.
10．Why des the authr mentin Thmas Edisn in paragraph 3?
A．T make a predictin.
B．T present a fact.
C．T supprt a viewpint.
D．T clarify a principle.
11．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Hw peple interpret failure ften determines their creative utput.
B．Learning frm success plays an imprtant part in imprving creativity.
C．Grwth mindset peple see challenges differently frm fixed mindset nes.
D．Which grup peple put themselves in decides hw they react t challenges.
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章指出人们对失败的理解、态度会决定会影响到他们的创造性产出，相比轻言放弃的固定型思维的人，具有成长型思维的人用发展的眼光看待失败，更具有创造力。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“If yu experience failure and regard it as a stepping stne, then yu have placed yurself int the grwth grup. (如果你经历过失败，并将其视为一次提升自己的机会，那么你已经将自己置于成长型群体中。)”，以及第三段第一句“Accrding t the research, peple in the grwth grup tend t generate mre creative ideas than thse in the fixed grup. (根据研究，成长组的人往往比固定组的人产生更多的创造性想法。)”可知，对于成长性思维的人来说，失败只是一个垫脚石，从失败中他们能生成更多创新的点子，所以具有成长型思维的人愿意接受挑战，故选A项。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“If yu experience failure and give up, yu have cnveniently assigned yurself t the fixed grup. If yu experience failure and regard it as a stepping stne, then yu have placed yurself int the grwth grup. (如果你经历了失败，放弃了，你就很方便地把自己分配到固定的群体。如果你经历过失败，并将其视为a stepping stne，那么你已经将自己置于成长型群体中。)”可知，固定型思维的人遇到失败就放弃，而与之相对的是，成长型思维的人把失败当作有帮助的，可以促进发展，可推知，划线短语a stepping stne和D项“A chance t advance. (一次提高的机会)”意思相近，故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Accrding t the research, peple in the grwth grup tend t generate mre creative ideas than thse in the fixed grup. (根据研究，具有成长型思维的人往往比固定型思维组的人产生更多的创造性想法)”可知，这句话为段首核心观点。下文“T illustrate, cnsider Thmas Edisn. In the 19th century, Edisn attempted t imprve the light bulb and experimented with numerus materials. Over a thusand trials, he managed t discver an element sustaining light. A reprter nce asked him, ‘It seems as thugh yu’ve tried many times and cntinue t fail each time. Why is that?’ Edisn answered, ‘I have nt failed. I’ve just fund 10, 000 ways that wn’t wrk.’ (为了说明这一点，以托马斯·爱迪生为例。在19世纪，爱迪生试图改进灯泡，并试验了许多材料。经过一千多次试验，他终于发现了一种维持光的元素。一位记者曾经问他：‘你似乎已经尝试了很多次，但每次都失败了。为什么呢？’爱迪生回答说：‘我没有失败。我发现了一万种行不通的方法。’)”可知，此处为典型举例表述，结合其内容可知，作者提到爱迪生是以其为例来支撑本段首句提出的观点。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文第一、二段主要介绍了具有成长型思维的人和具有固定型思维的人对待失败的截然不同的态度和反应；第三、四段论证了具有成长型思维的人，善于用发展的眼光看待失败，相比轻言放弃的固定型思维的人，更具有创造力，可本文的大意为：对失败的理解、态度会决定会影响到他们的创造性产出。故选A项。
真题感知
1.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28. A词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
29. C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tiera del Fueg. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30. C细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31. B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balintn去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balintn对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balintn去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unfrgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
2.2021年3月天津卷之C篇
A trial prject by the Mntreal Children's Hspital suggested that the use f medical hypnsis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) prcedures.
“During the examinatin children dn't mve. It wrks perfectly. It's amazing, “said Jhanne L'Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technlgist at the hspital.
The prject was inspired by a French team frm Ruen University Hspital Centre where examinatins are dne under hypnsis instead f general anesthesia(麻醉）.
A French medical-imaging technlgist-als a hypntist — was invited t train a few members in the medical-imaging department f the children's hspital. In all, 80 examinatins were cnducted fr the prject between January and September, 2019, fcusing n the imaging prcedures that wuld cause anxiety.
Hypnsis is nt a state f sleep: It is rather a mdified(改变的)state f cnsciusness. The technlgist will guide the patient t this mdified state—an imaginary wrld that will disassciate itself mre and mre frm the prcedure that fllws.
“The technlgist must build up a stry with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the pwer t chse what he wants t talk abut. D yu play sprts? D yu like ging t the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss thrughut the prcedure."
Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be related t this stry — an injectin （注射）becmes the bite f an insect; the heat n the skin becmes the sensatin f the sun and a machine that rings becmes a plice car passing nearby.
“The imprtant thing is that the technlgist assciates what is happening utside the patient's bdy with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity n the part f the technlgist, imaginatin, a lt f patience and kindness."
The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January. It spread like wildfire that smene frm France was here t train the technlgists,” Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line f staff at her dr wanting t take the training.
51．One f the results prduced by the trial prject is ________ .
A．a better understanding f children
B．less use f certain medicines
C．new medical-imaging technlgy
D．an imprved reputatin f the hspital
52．The French technlgist came t the children's hspital t ________.
A．assist in treating a patient
B．carry ut hypnsis training
C．start up a new department
D．learn abut the prcedure
53．Accrding t Paragraph 5, hypnsis wrks by ________.
A．creating a perfect wrld fr patients
B．frcing patients int a state f deep sleep
C．putting patients int an uncnscius state
D．leading patients' cnsciusness away frm reality
54．What can we learn abut the stry used in the prcedure?
A．It shuld keep pace with the prcedure.
B．It reflects the patient's creativity.
C．It is selected by the technlgist.
D．It tells what dctrs are ding t the patient.
55．The prcedure was received amng the staff with ________.
A．uncertainty
B．enthusiasm
C．wrry
D．criticism
56．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．An easy way t cmmunicate with patients.
B．The standard methd f cnducting hypnsis.
C．An intrductin f medical-imaging technlgy.
D．The use f hypnsis in medical-imaging prcedures.
【答案】51．B52．B53．D54．A55．B56．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。
51．细节理解题。根据第一段“The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging(医学影像)prcedures.”（该项目还导致用于医学影像程序的药品数量减少。）可知，实验的结果之一就是减少某些药物的使用。故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据第三段“A French medical-imaging technlgist--als a hypntist -- was invited t train a few members in the medical-imaging department f the children's hspital.”（一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工）可知，法国技术专家来儿童医院是做催眠培训来的。故选B。
53．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Hypnsis is nt a state f sleep: It is rather a mdified （改变的）state f cnsciusness. The technlgist will guide the patient t this mdified state—an imaginary wrld that will disassciate itself mre and mre frm the prcedure that fllws.”（催眠状态不是一种睡眠的状态：而是一种被改变的意识状态。技术专家会引导病人进入这种改变的状态——一个想象中的世界，它会越来越脱离接下来的程序）可知，催眠是引导病人的意识远离现实，进入一个想象中的世界。故选D。
54．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be related t this stry”（催眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关）以及倒数第二段“The imprtant thing is that the technlgist assciates what is happening utside the patient's bdy with what the patient sees in his head”（重要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里看到的联系起来）可知，故事必须跟整个催眠过程同步。故选A。
55．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段“The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January.”（这个程序在一月份开始引进的时候，吸引了很多员工）以及最后一句“She added that she had a line f staff at her dr wanting t take the training.”（她补充说，有一队员工在她门口等着接受培训）可知，这个催眠程序受到了员工的欢迎。A. uncertainty 不确定；B. enthusiasm 热情；C. wrry 担心；D. criticism 批评。故选B。
56．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A trial prject by the Mntreal Children's Hspital suggested that the use f medical hypnsis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) prcedures.”（蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工）可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的应用。故选D。
3.2020年新课标ⅠI卷之B篇
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
24. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence.B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl.D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
25. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age.B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin.D. Child-parent relatinship.
26. Hw d by differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgistD. A teaching prgram.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
24.细节理解题。根据第二段中…fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develp better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Develping spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin after cntrlling fr difference in parents' incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' educatin.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
27.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
4.2020年天津卷之C篇
Fr peple, wh are interested in sund, the field f sund technlgy is definitely making nise. In the past, sund engineers wrked in the back rms f recrding studis, but many f tday’s sund prfessinals are sharing their knwledge and experience with prfessinals in ther fields t create new prducts based n the phenmenn we call sund.
Sund can be used as a weapn. Imagine that a plice fficer is chasing a thief. The thief tries t escape. And the fficer can’t let him get away. He pulls ut a special device, pints it at the suspect, and switches it n. The thief drps t the grund. This new weapn is called a Lng Range Acustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It prduces a deafening sund s painful that it temprarily disables a persn. The nise frm the LRAD is directed like a ray f light and travels nly int the ears f that persn, but it is nt deadly.
Fr thse wh hunger fr sme peace and quiet, sund can nw create silence. Let’s say yu are at the airprt, and the little by n the seat next t yu is humming(哼唱) a shrt cmmercial sng. He hums it ver and ver again, and yu are abut t g crazy. Thanks t the Silence Machine, a British inventin, yu can get rid f the sund withut upsetting the by r his parents. One may wnder hw the Silence Machine wrks. Well, it functins by analyzing the waves f the incming sund and creating a secnd set f utging waves. The tw sets f waves cancel each ther ut. Simply turn the machine r pint it at the target, and yur peace and quiet cmes back.
Directed sund is a new technlgy that allws cmpanies t use sund in much the same way sptlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A sptlight lights up nly ne sectin f a stage; similarly, “sptsund” creates a circle f sund in n targeted area. This can be useful fr businesses such as restaurants and stres because it ffers a new way t attract custmers. Restaurants can ffer a chice f music alng with the varius fd chices n the menu, allwing custmers mre cntrl ver the atmsphere in which they are dining. Directed sund is als beginning t appear in shpping centers and even at hmes.
46. What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 2 abut the effect f the LRAD?
A. It causes temprary hearing lss.
B. It slws dwn a running man.
C. It makes it easy t identify a suspect.
D. It keeps the suspect frm hurting thers.
47. The Silence Machine is a device specially designed t ________.
A. silence the peple arund yu
B. remve the sund f cmmercials
C. blck the incming sund waves
D. stp unwanted sund frm affecting yu
48. What feature d sptsunds and sptlights share?
A. They travel in circles.
B. They clear the atmsphere.
C. They can be transfrmed int energy.
D. They can be directed nt a specific area.
49. Directed sund can be used fr ________.
A. creative designs f restaurant menus
B. ideal sund effects n the theater stage
C. different chices f music fr businesses
D. strict cntrl ver any suspicius custmer
50. What des the passage fcus n?
A. Hw prfessinals invented sund prducts.
B. Inventins in the field f sund technlgy.
C. The grwing interest in the study f sund.
D. Hw sund engineers wrk in their studis.
【答案】46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作武器的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术。
46.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It prduces a deafening sund s painful that it temprarily disables a persn. The nise frm the LRAD is directed like a ray f light and travels nly int the ears f that persn, but it is nt deadly.”可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命。由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失。故选A。
47.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well, it functins by analyzing the waves f the incming sund and creating a secnd set f utging waves. The tw sets f waves cancel each ther ut. Simply turn the machine n pint it at the target, and yur peace and quiet cmes back.”可知，它的功能是通过分析传入声音的波，并产生第二组传出的波。这两组波会相互抵消。只要打开机器对准目标，你的宁静就会回来。由此可知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影响你的设备。故选D。
48.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A sptlight lights up nly ne sectin f a stage; similarly, a “sptsund” creates a circle f sund in ne targeted area.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个“sptsund”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。由此可知，sptsunds和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域，故选D。
49.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A sptlight lights up nly ne sectin f a stage; similarly,”sptsund” creates a circle f sund in n targeted area. This can be useful fr businesses such as restaurants and stres because it ffers a new way t attract custmers. Restaurants can ffer a chice f music alng with the varius fd chice n the menu, allwing custmers mre cntrl ver the atmsphere in which they are dining.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个”sptsund”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐。由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐选择。故选C。
50.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In the past, sund engineers wrked in the back rms f recrding studis, but many f tday's sund prfessinals are sharing their knwledge and experience with prfessinals in ther fields t create new prducts based n the phenmenn we call sund.”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的后室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。故选B。
5.2019年北京卷之C篇
The prblem f rbcalls has gtten s bad that many peple nw refuse t pick up calls frm numbers they dn't knw. By next year，half f the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up t the severity f the prblem by supprting and develping a grup f tls，apps and appraches intended t prevent scammers frm getting thrugh. Unfrtunately，it's t little，t late. By the time these “slutins"(解决方案)becme widely available，scammers will have mved nt cleverer means. In the near future，it's nt just ging t be the number yu see n yur screen that will be in dubt. Sn yu will als questin whether the vice yu're hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number f pwerful vice manipulatin ( 处理 ) and autmatin technlgies that are abut t becme widely available fr anyne t use .At this year's I/O Cnference ,a cmpany shwed a new vice technlgy able t prduce such a cnvincing human –sunding vice that it was able t speak t a receptinist and bk a reservatin withut detectin.
These develpments are likely t make ur current prblems with rbcalls much wrse. The reasn that rbcalls are a headache has less t d with amunt than precisin A decade f data breaches(数据侵入)f persnal infrmatin has led t a situatin where scammers can easily learn yur mther 's name ，and far mre. Armed with this knwledge. they're able t carry ut individually targeted campaigns t cheat peple. This means. fr example，that a scammer culd call yu frm what lks t be a familiar number and talk t yu using a vice that sunds exactly like yur bank teller 's，ricking yu int "cnfirming " yur address，mther's name，and card number. Scammers fllw mney，s cmpanies will be the wrst hit. A lt f business is still dne ver the phne，and much f it is based n trust and existing relatinships. Vice manipulatin technlgies may weaken that gradually.
We need t deal with the insecure nature f ur telecm netwrks. Phne carriers and cnsumers need t wrk tgether t find ways f determining and cmmunicating what is real. That might mean either develping a unifrm way t mark vides and images, shwing when and wh they were made by. r abandning phne calls altgether and mving twards data-based cmmunicatins—using apps like Face Time r WhatsApp, which can be tied t yur identity.
Credibility is hard t earn but easy t lse, and the prblem is nly ging t harder frm here n ut.
38. Hw des the authr feel abut the slutins t prblem f rbecalls?
A. Panicked.B. Cnfused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappinted.
39. taking advantage f the new technlgies，scammer can______.
A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread infrmatin widely
40. What des the passage imply?
A. Hnesty is the best plicy.
B. Technlgies can be duble-edited.
C. There are mre slutins than prblems.
D. Credibility hlds the key t develpment.
41. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Where the Prblem f Rbcalls Is Rted
B. Wh Is t Blame fr the Prblem f Rbealls
C. Why Rbcalls Are Abut t Get Mre Dangerus
D. Hw Rbcalls Are Affecting the Wrld f Technlgy
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。
38. D 观点态度题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up t the severity f the prblem by supprting and develping a grup f tls, apps and appraches intended t prevent scammers frm getting thrugh. Unfrtunately, it’s t little, t late. By the time these “slutins” becme widely available, scammers will have mved nt clever means”可知，最后，我们通过支持和开发一组旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。
39.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reasn that rbcalls are a headache has less t d with amunt than precisin. A decade f data breaches f persnal infrmatin has led t a situatin where scammers can easily learn yur mther’s name, and far mre. Armed with this knwledge, they’re able t carry ut individually targeted campaigns t cheat peple. This means, fr example, that a scammer culd call yu frm what lks t be a familiar number and talk t yu using a vice that sunds exactly like yur bank teller’s, tricking yu int “cnfirming” yur address, mther’s name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的运动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。
40.B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的作用，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。
41.C 主旨大意题。第一段提到：rbcalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。
6.2018年全国I卷之C篇
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrializatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数)f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f, 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin(消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers),Chiapanec in Mexic(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(tw r three)r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
28. What can we infer abut languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They develped very fast. B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns. D. They were clsely cnnected.
29. Which f the fllwing best explains "dminant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A. Cmplex. B. Advanced.
C. Pwerful. D. Mdern.
30. Hw many languages are spken by less than 6, 000 peple at present?
A. Abut 6,800 B. Abut 3,400
C. Abut 2,400 D. Abut 1,200
31. What is the main idea f the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peple’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages.
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
28.B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther... when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
29.C猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dminant languages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。
30.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。
31.C主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选
7.2018年全国III卷之B篇
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favurable climate.
25. What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
26. What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawsn这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
24.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。
25.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。
26.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme.可知，人们离开Dawsn的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。
27.A 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawsn这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawsn这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。
8.2018年江苏卷之D篇
Children as yung as ten are becming dependent n scial media fr their sense f self-wrth, a majr study warned.
It fund many yungsters(少年）nw measure their status by hw much public apprval they get nline, ften thrugh “likes”. Sme change their behaviur in real life t imprve their image n the web.
The reprt int yungsters aged frm 8 t 12 was carried ut by Children's Cmmissiner (专员）Anne Lngfield. She said scial media firms were expsing children t majr emtinal risks, with sme yungsters starting secndary schl ill-equipped t cpe with the tremendus pressure they faced nline.
Sme scial apps were ppular amng the children even thugh they suppsedly require users t be at least 13.The yungsters admitted planning trips arund ptential pht-pprtunities and then messaging friends—and friends f friends — t demand “likes” fr their nline psts.
The reprt fund that yungsters felt their friendships culd be at risk if they did nt respnd t scial media psts quickly, and arund the clck.
Children aged 8 t 10 were "starting t feel happy" when thers liked their psts. Hwever, thse in the 10 t 12 age grup were "cncerned with hw many peple like their psts", suggesting a “need” fr scial recgnitin that gets strnger the lder they becme.
Miss Lngfield warned that a generatin f children risked grwing up "wrried abut their appearance and image as a result f the unrealistic lifestyles they fllw n platfrms, and increasingly anxius abut switching ff due t the cnstant demands f scial media.
She said: "Children are using scial media with family and friends and t play games when they are in primary schl. But what starts as fun usage f apps turns int tremendus pressure in real scial media interactin at secndary schl."
As their wrld expanded, she said, children cmpared themselves t thers nline in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms f their self-identity, in terms f their cnfidence, but als in terms f their ability t develp themselves".
Miss Lngfield added: "Then there is this push t cnnect—if yu g ffline, will yu miss smething, will yu miss ut, will yu shw that yu dn't care abut thse peple yu are fllwing, all f thse cme tgether in a huge way at nce." "Fr children it is very, very difficult t cpe with emtinally." The Children's Cmmissiner fr England's study—life in Likes—fund that children as yung as 8 were using scial media platfrms largely fr play.
Hwever, the research—invlving eight grups f 32 children aged 8 t 12—suggested that as they headed tward their teens, they became increasingly anxius nline.
By the time they started secndary schl—at age 11—children were already far mre aware f their image nline and felt under huge pressure t ensure their psts were ppular, the reprt fund.
Hwever, they still did nt knw hw t cpe with mean-spirited jkes, r the sense f incmpetence they might feel if they cmpared themselves t celebrities(名人）r mre brilliant friends nline. The reprt said they als faced pressure t respnd t messages at all hurs f the day—especially at secndary schl when mre yungsters have mbile phnes.
The Children’s Cmmissiner said schls and parents must nw d mre t prepare children fr the emtinal minefield(雷区）they faced nline. And she said scial media cmpanies must als "take mre respnsibility". They shuld either mnitr their websites better s that children d nt sign up t early, r they shuld adjust their websites t the needs f yunger users.
Javed Khan, f children's charity Bamard's, said: "It's vital that new cmpulsry age- apprpriate relatinship and sex educatin lessns in England shuld help equip children t deal with the grwing demands f scial media.
“It’s als hugely imprtant fr parents t knw which apps their children are using.”
65. Why did sme secndary schl students feel t much pressure?
A. They were nt prvided with adequate equipment.
B. They were nt well prepared fr emtinal risks.
C. They were required t give quick respnses.
D. They were prevented frm using mbile phnes.
66. Sme scial app cmpanies were t blame because .
A. they didn't adequately check their users' registratin
B. they rganized pht trips t attract mre yungsters
C. they encuraged yungsters t pst mre phts
D. they didn't stp yungsters frm staying up late
67. Children's cmparing themselves t thers nline may lead t .
A. less friendliness t each ther
B. lwer self-identity and cnfidence
C. an increase in nline cheating
D. a strnger desire t stay nline
68. Accrding t Life in Likes, as children grew, they became mre anxius t .
A. circulate their psts quicklyB. knw the qualities f their psts
C. use mbile phnes fr playD. get mre public apprval
69. What shuld parents d t slve the prblem?
A. Cmmunicate mre with secndary schls.
B. Urge media cmpanies t create safer apps.
C. Keep track f children's use f scial media.
D. Frbid their children frm visiting the web.
70. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The influence f scial media n children.
B. The imprtance f scial media t children.
C. The prblem in building a healthy relatinship.
D. The measure t reduce risks frm scial media.
【文章大意】本文为说明文，主要介绍了社交媒体(scial media ) 使得8-12 岁的孩子面临很多压力，并分析了原因，提出了建议。
65.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话She said scial media firms were expsing children t majr emtinal risks, with sme yungsters starting secndary schl ill-equipped t cpe with the tremendus pressure they faced nline.可知一些社会媒体公司使孩子们处于大的情感压力下，从而使孩子们感到巨大的压力，故B正确。
66.A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话Sme scial apps were ppular amng the children even thugh they suppsedly require users t be at least 13.可知一些apps 很受孩子们欢迎，尽管它们要求使用者不低于13岁，言外之意，他们没有对孩子的年龄进行监管，故选A。
67.B细节理解题。根据文章第九段children cmpared themselves t thers nline in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms f their self-identity, in terms f their cnfidence, but als in terms f their ability t develp themselves".可知孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力，故B正确。
68.D 推理判断题。根据文章第12段Hwever, the research—invlving eight grups f 32 children aged 8 t 12—suggested that as they headed tward their teens, they became increasingly anxius nline.可知随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13段By the time they started secndary schl—at age 11—children were already far mre aware f their image nline and felt under huge pressure t ensure their psts were ppular, the reprt fund.可以推断出他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可。故选D。
69.C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段It’s als hugely imprtant fr parents t knw which apps their children are using.可以推断出父母需要了解孩子在使用什么apps，所以应该时刻跟踪了解孩子对于社交app的使用。故选C。
70.A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Children as yung as ten are becming dependent n scial media fr their sense f self-wrth, a majr study warned.可知本文为新闻报道体，文章主要介绍teens 变得越来越依赖社交媒体。再根据全文内容可知文章主要介绍了社交媒体对孩子的影响，所以A正确。
9.2020年天津卷之B篇
“They tell me that yu’d like t make a statue(塑像) f me-is that crrect, Miss Vinnie Ream?”
The deep, gentle vice helped calm the nervus girl. Asking a favr f the President f the United States was n casual matter, especially fr a seventeen-year-ld girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wuldn’t have du ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner. “
President Lincln smiled. “Painters, sculptrs-they’ve all tried t make the best f this rdinary face, but I’m afraid there’s nt much hpe. What did yu have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”
Befre Vinnie culd say yes, the President hurried n, a shade f aplgy in his vice.
“Of curse-I shuldn’t have asked. A full-length pse wuld be much t big a prject fr a yung wman yur size. “
Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she lked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small des nt mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was brn in the cuntry f Wiscnsin. I’ve driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend t d!”
The President’s eyes, brightened at her shw f spirit. “Srry, madam, I have underestimated yu as I didn’t knw yur backgrund.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bny fingers, in thught. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like t let yu d it, but as yu knw, we are in the middle f a war. Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw? I hardly have a minute t myself.”
Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. “I wrk quickly,” she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk.”
The President seemed t cnsider her idea seriusly. He gt up and shk Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that yu are a talented yung wman, and I have fund yu charming and intelligent as well. I cannt make my decisin immediately, but yu will hear frm me sn.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitatin frm the President.
41. What gave Vinnie cnfidence t make her request f President Lincln?
A. Her aggressive persnality.
B. Mr. Mills’s encuraging remark.
C. President Lincln’s gentle vice.
D. Her interest in a challenging jb.
42. Hw did President Lincln first respnd t Vinnie’s request?
A. Pleased.
B. Thrilled.
C. Regretful.
D. Dubtful.
43. Vinnie cnfirmed her ability t make a full-length statue by highlighting ______.
A. her experience frm ther prjects
B. her inncent childhd in the cuntry
C. the heavy labr she had dne befre
D. the skill she picked up in Wiscnsin
44. Vinnie wanted t chse the crner near the windws t ______.
A. achieve effects f natural lighting
B. keep all her tls within easy reach
C. bserve the President at a right angle
D. avid disturbing the president’s wrk
45. What message des the stry cnvey?
A. A strng-willed sul can reach his gal.
B. Experience helps t prmte excellence.
C. Ups and dwns make ne strng.
D. Devtin requires enthusiasm.
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。
41.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wuldn't have dared t ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。
42.推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of curse- I shuldn't have asked. A full-length pse wuld be much t big a prject fr a yung wman yur size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。
43.细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I've driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend t d!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。
44.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I'd like t let yu d it, but as yu knw, we are in the middle f a war. Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw? I hardly have a minute t myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. “I wrk quickly,” she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。
45.推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。
10.2018年北京卷之A篇
My First Marathn（马拉松）
A mnth befre my first marathn, ne f my ankles was injured and this meant nt running fr tw weeks, leaving me nly tw weeks t train. Yet, I was determined t g ahead.
I remember back t my 7th year in schl. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us t run laps and then hit a sftball. I didn’t d either well. He later infrmed me that I was ＂nt athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂nt athletic＂ stuck with me fr years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, nt abut cmpetitin r whether r nt I was athletic. It was all abut the battle against my wn bdy and mind. A test f wills!
The night befre my marathn, I dreamt that I culdn’t even find the finish line. I wke up sweating and nervus, but ready t prve smething t myself.
Shrtly after crssing the start line, my she laces(鞋带) became untied. S I stpped t readjust. Nt the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became ut f breath and the nce injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the curse walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I apprached mile 23, I culd see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clck sunding at 4 a.m. r questined my expenses n running.
I was ne f the final runners t finish. But I finished! And I gt a medal. In fact, I gt the same medal as the ne that the guy wh came in first place had.
Determined t be myself, mve frward, free f shame and wrldly labels(世俗标签), I can nw call myself a＂marathn winner＂.
36. A mnth befre the marathn, the authr ____________.
A. was well trainedB. felt scared
C. made up his mind t runD. lst hpe
37. Why did the authr mentin the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. T acknwledge the supprt f his teacher.
B. T amuse the readers with a funny stry.
C. T shw he was nt talented in sprts.
D. T share a precius memry.
38. Hw was the authr’s first marathn?
A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.
C. He gt the first prize.D. He walked t the end.
39. What des the stry mainly tell us?
A. A man wes his success t his family supprt.
B. A winner is ne with a great effrt f will.
C. Failure is the mther f success.
D. One is never t ld t learn.
【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
36.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Yet, I was determined t g ahead. 可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选C。
37.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段I didn’t d either well. He later infrmed me that I was ＂nt athletic＂可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选C。
38.A 细节理解题。根据文章第10段I was ne f the final runners t finish. But I finished! And I gt a medal. In fact, I gt the same medal as the ne that the guy wh came in first place had. 可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。
39.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined t be myself, mve frward, free f shame and wrldly labels(世俗标签), I can nw call myself a ＂marathn winner＂. 可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。