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山西省三晋名校联盟2022-2023学年高三下学期顶尖计划联考试题+英语+Word版含解析
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这是一份山西省三晋名校联盟2022-2023学年高三下学期顶尖计划联考试题+英语+Word版含解析，共19页。试卷主要包含了15，5 punds等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022—2023学年（下）高三顶尖计划联考
英 语
考生注意：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需
改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt？
A.₤19.15. B.₤9.18. C.₤9.15.
答案是C。
1.What des the man want?
A.A mdel ship. B.Sme chips. C.Sme tys.
2.Hw des the wman feel finally?
A.Wrried. B.Disappinted. C.Encuraged.
3.Where are the speakers nw prbably?
A.On the highway. B.In a parking lt. C.In a htel.
4.What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A.Painting a picture. B.Making an appintment. C.Mving int their new huse.
5.What made the wman wait s lng fr the clthes?
A.A traffic accident. B.The wrng delivery. C. Nt getting a message.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What des the man say abut the pian lessn?
A.It's bring. B.It's interesting. C.It's expensive.
7.Hw much d the wman's pian lessns cst each?
A.8.5 punds. B.10 punds. C.10.5 punds.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Hw is Jack getting n with his Chinese learning?
A.He has given it up.
B.He has fund a new way.
C.He has made little prgress.
9.Hw is Katherine learning Chinese?
A.By watching mvies.
B.By listening t sngs.
C.By cmmunicating with thers.
10.Where did Katherine get her learning resurces?
A.Frm her friend. B.Frm her teacher. C.Frm the Internet.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What des the wman think f Mike's behavir?
A.Unfriendly. B.Unusual. C.Unselfish.
12.What des the wman advise Mike t d?
A.Be mre careful. B.Share things. C.Make an aplgy.
13.What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A.Father and daughter. B.Brther and sister. C.Mther and sn.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.Why d the critics think the film is unsuitable fr children?
A.The music is t scary. B.The plt is t cmplex. C.The scenes are t vilent.
15.What made the man feel curius abut the bk?
A.Its language. B.Its ending. C.Its authr.
16.Why des the wman like the bk?
A.It uses humrus wrds. B.It is based n a real stry. C.It has many pretty phts.
17.What will the wman d?
A.Buy the film tickets. B.See the film next Thursday. C.Wait fr the man's call.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.Which pet may an utging persn prefer?
A.A dg. B.A cat. C.A bird.
19.What may a cat wner be like?
A.Friendlier. B.Cleverer. C.Mre careful.
20.What des the speaker mainly talk abut?
A.The characters f sme pets.
B.The ways f raising pets.
C.Pet peple's persnalities.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Penguin's Wh Was？series tells the incredible stries f trailblazers（开拓者），legends，innvatrs,and creatrs. The fllwing are frequently asked questins:
Hw many Wh Was?titles are there?
Abut 250 Wh Was?titles have been published since the series first began 20 years ag. And with the additin f the What Was? and Where Is? series, readers nw have mre than 300 amazing bks abut influential peple,wrld-famus landmarks, and interesting histrical events.
Hw d yu chse the subjects fr the Wh Was?titles?
The subjects fr the Wh Was? series are ften decided quite far in advance. Peple wh are the first at smething, r the best at what they d, r wh have made majr cntributins in their field—and smetimes all three—make the best subjects.
What was the first Wh Was?bk?
The first fur Wh Was? bks—Wh Was Sacagawea?,Wh Was Ben Franklin?,Wh Was Albert Einstein?,and Wh Was Annie Oakley2—were actually published n the same day. S when February 18 rlls arund,be sure t wish these bks a Happy Birthday!
Des the same persn illustrate every cver?
Just abut every Wh Was? cver(except tw)is illustrated by Nancy Harrisn,wh has been wrking n the series since the very first bk.
Hw lng des it take t cmplete ne bk?
It can take years!And smetimes the bks are finished much mre quickly.Frm the time an authr is cntracted t write the manuscript,thrugh editing,cpy editing,design and illustratin,t publicatin,it takes—n average—eighteen t twenty-fur mnths.
21.Hw many Wh Was? bks are published every year n average?
A.Abut 10. B.Abut 12. C.Abut 15. D.Abut 17.
22.What is Nancy Harrisn gd at ding?
A.Writing bks. B.Selling bks. C.Prducing ideas. D.Drawing pictures.
23.What d we learn abut Penguin's Wh Was?series?
A.It is intended fr adult readers. B.It is better received than ther series.
C.It fcuses n peple with achievements. D.Its subjects are usually decided by readers.
B
Dwayne Jhnsn said this week he returned t a 7-Eleven in Hawaii t "right the wrng" f stealing candy when he was a teenager.
In an Instagram pst,the star explained that his family was“brke as hell”when he was living n the island and， fr nearly a year when he was 14，he wuld steal a Snickers（士力架）bar frm the stre n the way t the gym“every day” as his pre-wrkut snack because he culdn't affrd t buy ne.
He recalled that“the same clerk was there every day and always just turned her head and never searched me"， but admitted that his actins had been weighing n his cnscience（良心）fr three decades.
Jhnsn dcumented the recent visit t the stre, in which he emptied the shelves f every Snickers bar, bught them and then left the candy bars fr any custmer t take fr free.
"If smebdy lks like they're stealing Snickers, give them these s they dn't steal it,"Jhnsn tld the stre clerk.
He wrte that he realized the deed might seem“silly”,but every time he came back hme t Hawaii and drve by 7-Eleven,he always knew he“needed t g in and clean ut every Snickers bar they had--the right way.
Jhnsn racked up a bill f $298 and als tipped the clerk wh had t cunt the dzens f bars he bught and anther cashier wh was wrking at the time. The frmer wrestling star even psed fr selfies with fans while trying t film the visit.
“We can't change the past and sme f the dumb stuff we may have dne, but every nce in a while we can d smething t make up fr that fault—and maybe put a big smile n sme strangers' faces," Jhnsn said.
24.Hw did Dwayne Jhnsn feel abut what he did at the age f 14?
A.Guilty. B.Shcked. C.Nervus. D.Cnfused.
25.Why did Dwayne Jhnsn spend $298 n Snickers bars?
A.T thank the stre clerk. B.T shw ff his wealth.
C.T realize his childhd dream. D.T make up fr his past behaviur.
26.What d we learn abut Dwayne Jhnsn?
A.He was brn int a rich family. B.He was lazy when he was yung.
C.He was respnsible fr his behaviur. D.He was nce caught by the clerk.
27.What des the authr want t tell us by sharing Dwayne Jhnsn's stry?
A.Hnesty is the best plicy. B.It's never t late t mend.
C.What's dne cannt be undne. D.Actins speak luder than wrds.
C
Be it sugar,cmputer games r scial media, the respnse in ur brain is the same: It prduces the“feel-gd”neurchemical called dpamine（多巴胺），which brings feelings f pleasure and mtivatin.“It may be even mre imprtant fr mtivatin than fr actual pleasure,"says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanfrd Medical Schl psychiatrist and researcher.
A dpamine hit brings abut pleasure,which is quickly fllwed by pain, in rder t keep us mtivated. Lembke says this balancing see-saw f pleasure and pain made sense in the time f early humans,when they had t cnstantly search fr basic needs—fd, water, and shelter.“It’s really a smart methd t make sure that n matter what we d, that's pleasurable. It desn't last very lng and it's fllwed by pain s that immediately we're searching again," she explains.
But,in mdern life,we live in a wrld f abundance, and Lembke says ur brains weren't evlved fr the“fire hse f dpamine”f sugar, scial media, the Internet, TV, drugs r anything else s easily available. In shrt,Lembke says, almst every behavir has becme a drug.
When we're repeatedly expsed t ur pleasure-prducing stimuli（刺激物），ur brains adjust and,eventually,we need mre and mre just t feel“nrmal”,r nt in pain. That’s called a “dpamine deficit state”, and the cycle that leads us there can actually lead t depressin r anxiety.
Finally,Lembke says,this is a universal prblem—nt ne limited t thse f us strug8ling with the disease f addictin—that has cme with living in mdern life.
T maintain balance and whleheartedness, we have t strike a pleasure-pain balance, which,in a time f abundance and ver-cnsumptin, means intentinally aviding pleasure and seeking the kind f purpseful pain that keeps us healthy,such as exercise r resisting certain temptatins.“By ding that,”Lembke says,"we will reset reward pathways and ultimately be a lt happier. It's simple but nt easy, but it's well wrth ding."
28.What d we learn abut dpamine?
A.It makes ur bdy balanced. B.It brings temprary pleasure.
C.It makes us impatient. D.It brings unbearable pain.
29.What des Lembke think f the balancing see-saw f pleasure and pain in ancient times?
A.It was useless. B.It was harmful. C.It was meaningful. D.It was impssible.
30.What des the underlined wrd“there”in paragraph 4 refer t?
A.The state f feeling nrmal. B.T many pleasure-prducing stimuli.
C.The state f happiness. D.A dpamine deficit state.
31.What is Dr. Anna Lembke's final suggestin?
A.Experiencing necessary pain. B.Aviding having fun.
C.Running after cmfrt. D.Having abundant resurces.
D
The Dead Sea is an amazing wnder f the wrld:the lwest expsed spt n Earth,where the water is s full f salt that bathers flat right t the tp.
But tday the Dead Sea is drying up,and its banks are cllapsing. The water level is drpping clse t 4 feet every year. The main part f the lake is nw arund 950 feet deep—abut 15%shallwer, and a third f the surface area, cmpared t its shape half a century ag.
“Yu've seen a living disaster in frnt f yur eyes," says Jake Ben Zaken, an Israeli wh says he perates the nly passenger bats n the Dead Sea.
As the lake recedes,it changes the landscape arund it in bth beautiful and harmful ways. Beautiful salt frmatins are revealed where the water dries up. But there are als terrible scenes f beaches and parking lts swallwed up by sinkhles alng the shre.
Slutins have been prpsed t replenish（填满）the Dead Sea，but n significant actin has been taken t prevent its further destructin. Climate change makes recvery f the lake seem even further ut f reach.
The Dead Sea is a landlcked lake that's partly in Jrdan, Israel and the Israeli-ccupied West Bank. The lake—named the Dead Sea because it cntains t much salt and is nt suitable fr aquatic（水生的）life—has been drying up fr decades.
"It's a human-made prblem," say envirnmental researchers and fficials. In a regin where water is rare，Israel，Jrdan and Syria in the last several decades have diverted（改道）the freshwater surces that feed the Dead Sea,fr drinking water and irrigatin. Plus, Israeli and Jrdanian cmpanies evaprate（蒸发）Dead Sea water t harvest its rich minerals fr exprt. The part f the lake with Israeli htels,a ppular spt fr turists t flat in Dead Sea water,is actually an artificial evapratin pl in the lake's suthern basin.
32.Hw deep was the main part f the Dead Sea 50 years ag prbably?
A.Abut 800 feet. B.Abut 1,000 feet.
C.Abut 1,100 feet. D.Abut 1,300 feet.
33.What des the underlined wrd“recedes”in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Ges up. B.Gets ppular. C.Flws ver. D.Becmes smaller.
34.What's the last paragraph mainly abut?
A.The slutins t the prblem. B.The future f the Dead Sea.
C.The reasns fr the prblem. D.The situatin f the Dead Sea.
35.Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A.The Dead Sea Is Dying B.The Dead Sea Is Recvering
C.The Dead Sea—a Salty Lake with Minerals D.The Dead Sea—a Place fr Turists t Flat
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Anyne wh has an idea wrth sharing is capable f giving a pwerful talk. The nly thing that truly matters in public speaking is nt cnfidence,stage presence,r smth talking.__36__
I am using the wrd“idea”quite bradly here. It desn't have t be a scientific breakthrugh,a genius inventin, r a cmplex legal thery. __37__Or a human insight illustrated with the pwer f a stry. Or a beautiful image that has meaning. Or an event yu wish might happen in the future. Or perhaps just a reminder f what matters mst in life.
An idea is anything that can change hw peple see the wrld. If yu can create a great idea in peple's minds,yu have dne smething amazing. Yu have given them a gift f incalculable value.__38__
But,mre likely,yu have far mre in yu wrth sharing than yu're even aware f. Yu dn't have t have invented smething. Yu've led a life that is yurs and yurs nly.__39__There are insights t be drawn frm sme f thse experiences that are abslutely wrth sharing. Yu just have t figure ut which nes.
__40__Yu've invented nthing.Yu're nt particularly creative. Yu dn't see yurself as super-intelligent. Yu dn't have any particularly brilliant ideas abut the future. Yu're nt even sure there's anything yu're super-passinate abut.
Well,I grant yu,that's a tugh starting pint. T be wrth an audience's time,mst talks require grunding in smething that has sme depth. It's theretically pssible that the best thing yu can d fr nw is t cntinue yur jurney,and search fr smething that really des grab yu and make yu want t g deep.
A.Everything is hard at first.
B.It can be a simple hw-t.
C.It's having smething wrth saying.
D.Yu need t have cnfidence in yurself.
E.There are experiences yu've had that are unique t yu.
F.In a very real sense,a little piece f yu has becme part f them.
G.Yu may feel that yu've dne nthing that wuld be wrth giving a talk abut.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Thrughut histry,female scientists,engineers and mathematicians have changed the wrld. But while their__41__have been massive, their names and their stries have__42__been publicized. Physicist Jess Wade wanted t__43__the stries f great scientific pineers wh may be verlked and she__44__a unique way t d that:writing Wikipedia pages.
Wade tld CBS News that while the__45__f wmen in science is small in cmparisn t that f men,she has always had__46__in the field. When she was a graduate student,Wade__47__ an inspiring wman in science,Kim Cbb,wh is a climate scientist at Brwn University.
"S when I met her I thught she is a(n)__48__persn and I need t learn mre abut her. When I did a little search,I culdn't__49__any infrmatin abut her. What I__50__was a Wikipedia page but it wasn't there."
That's hw Wade gt the__51__—t start writing Wikipedia pages fr diverse peple in science wh dn't yet have them.
In her free time, Wade searches the Internet t__52__infrmatin,and then she gets t wrk writing Wikipedia pages. She's written mre than 1,700 s far.
Wade is nw making a__53__fr herself in science,and she knws she wuldn't be here withut thse wh came befre her.“We all have a rle t__54__in making science a mre diverse and__55__place," she said.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Tw villages have been named the Best Turism Villages 2022 by the Wrld Turism Organizatin, thanks t their achievements in balancing turism with ecnmic develpment while__ 56__(stick)t envirnmental prtectin.
Accrding t the rganizatin,32 villages in 18 cuntries and regins including Austria, Chile and China__57__(award) the recgnitin late n Tuesday. China's Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang autnmus regin__58__Jingzhu village in Chngqing wn the recgnitin.
Figures cited frm the cunty's culture and turism bureau shw that turism develpment in Dazhai__59__(bring)great ecnmic benefits t villagers and created mre jbs fr them since the village started t develp turism arund 2003.
__60__the bureau has pinted ut,thugh the village nly received 32,000 visits in 2004, the number rse__61__(sharp)t nearly 798,000 in 2019 befre COVID-19 emerged. The villagers' average incme amng its 1,212 peple f 271 husehlds,als saw__62__rise frm 700 yuan per year($100)t ver 34,500 yuan in 2019,the bureau said.
Jingzhu village,the ther village__63__(recgnize)by the Wrld Turism Organizatin this year.is lcated in Wulng district f suthwest Chngqing and ver half f the villagers wrk in the turism industry.
The Wrld Turism Organizatin began t award Best Turism Villages acrss the wrld in 2021__64__(prmte)the cultural heritage prtectin and sustainable develpment f villages. China s far has fur villages winning the title,__65__the ther tw being Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi village in Anhui.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
你校英文报最新一期Ht Tpic栏目讨论的话题是“如何改善免疫系统”。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.免疫系统的重要性；
2.我们应该如何提高免疫力。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：免疫系统immune system
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wrld was in a cnstant state f change and I was having truble keeping up. Life with Mm,Dad,and my sister,Linda,had always been cmfrtable and fairly predictable. My grades were gd, and Linda and I gt n well. We played tgether and fught tgether, the way sisters d. As the lder ne,I was used t being tld t set an example, which wasn't t difficult, since Linda was nly tw years yunger, and she usually wanted t d anything I did, anyway. Life was pretty gd.
Then the changes started cming,
First came a family meeting with surprising news that wuld change my wrld. We were mving. Our new hme wuld be acrss the Verrazan-Narrws Bridge, in anther brugh f New Yrk City. We were leaving the nly hme I had ever knwn. Even wrse, it wuld ccur right befre the beginning f sixth grade. Nt nly wuld I nt be able t graduate frm elementary schl with my friends, but I wuld have t start middle schl with a class full f kids wh had knwn each ther,and bnded,since kindergarten. Where wuld that leave me?
I spent the summer adjusting t a new neighbrhd, literally being the new kid n the blck. Making friends didn't cme easily t me,and it didn't help being the eldest child f immigrant parents. I was different, and being different is the last thing any middle schl student wants. The fear f starting a new schl hung ver me like a black clud, damaging each summer day.
The first day f schl arrived way t quickly. I entered my new classrm trying very hard nt t appear as scared as I felt, but it wasn't easy. Twenty-eight faces turned t lk up at me as I fllwed the Assistant Principal int the rm.They all lked s cl, and sme f the girls even wre make-up. Hw wuld I ever fit in? I was ut f tuch in every way pssible. I wasn't allwed t wear make-up r nail plish. Mst f my clthes were handmade, sewn by my mther and grandmther.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mr. Bernstein welcmed me t the classrm and intrduced me t my new desk mate—Janet.
We walked t the cafeteria,sat tgether,and pened ur lunch bags.
2022——2023学年（下）高三顶尖计划联考
英语·答案
听力原文
Text 1
M:Hey Mm,are yu at the supermarket nw?
W: Hell? Sweetie, the sund isn't very clear.
M:Dn't frget t bring me sme chips. I want a big ne.
W: A pig ship? What is it? A mdel?I can't hear yu clearly. Yu can text me.
Text 2
M:Hw was yur exam?
W:I really messed it up. I already knw that I failed.
M:Everybdy makes mistakes. Auntie and I will always supprt yu!
W:Thank yu,Uncle.I will try again.
Text 3
W: We'd better stp and have a rest.
M: OK. I'll lk at the map t see exactly where we are.
W:D yu think we'll have any truble finding a rm fr the night?
M:I'm sure it'll be easy t find a place.
Text 4
W: When shall we have ur new huse painted? I can't wait t mve int it.
M: It is ready fr ur mve. Hw abut July 5?I'm free that day.
W:Gd. It suits us tw. But we shuld call the cmpany fr an appintment first.
Text 5
W: Hi, Ben. I will g t the frnt desk t fetch my package. My new clthes finally came!
M：Did it take a lng time？
W:Yeah. They made a mistake and sent it t the wrng address.
Text 6
M:Hw lng have yu had pian lessns,Kate?
W:Fr six years,Je.I started it when I was nine.
M: I wanted t learn but the lessns are expensive. They're mre than ten punds each.
W:My teacher usually charges 10.5 punds. But I get them fr 8.5 punds because my sister has lessns there,t.
M:Yu like it very much,right?
W:Well,learning t read music was really bring and practice wasn't easy. But nw I think it's fun. M:Is yur teacher nice?
W:Yes. She's nice even when I get things wrng. She's really a gd teacher.
Text 7
W:Are yu OK,Jack?Yu lk pale.
M:I'm fine,Katherine.I just stayed up late last night wrking n my Chinese.
W:Oh,pr yu.Yu knw what?I fund anew way t learn Chinese and it wrks very well.
M:Yu did?D tell me.I've spent all these mnths trying t learn smething new abut it, but I've made little prgress.
W: Sure. I'm learning Chinese thrugh sngs.
M: S yu're learning Chinese sngs?
W:Yu can say that.I can actually sing sme f them nw.
M:That's a real achievement. Hw did yu d that?
W:I start by listening t the sng and after several times I am able t fllw the singer.
M：It makes sense.
W:It des.I've learned sme Chinese flk sngs this way. They are clearly presented and easy t fllw.
M: Can I jin yu, Katherine?I d want t have a try.
W: Why nt? I dwnladed a beautiful sng the ther day. We can learn it tgether nw.
Text 8
W:Mike,d yu knw why yur brther is crying?
M:I dn't knw. Maybe because I wuldn't let him play with my tys.
W:That's nt very kind. What d we say in ur family?
M: Sharing is caring.
W:That's right. That means yu tw need t take turns.
M:But he always plays with them alne!He never gives them back.
W:Yu're his big brther.Yu need t set an example fr him.
M:But smetimes he even breaks them!
W:I'll ask him t be mre careful. And yu can ask him nicely t give them back next time. M:But...
W: N buts, Mister! If yu dn't listen t my wrds, I'll tell yur father.
Text 9
M:I heard abut Je Schultz's new film. It is said t be unsuitable fr yung children t see. Sme critics say that watching the first few minutes is pretty unpleasant.
W:That didn't seem t wrry the authrities even if there is quite a bit f strng language. The critics culdn't tlerate the music—making yur hair stand n end.
M: Anyway, I dn't think the stryline is really suitable fr yung children.
W:Yes,I agree with yu. And have yu read the bk?
M:Oh yeah. A great bk. I culdn't guess what the final ending wuld be.
W:I culdn't agree mre!I lve the way the authr uses humrus wrds.
M:Yeah. Maybe that's the reasn why it is s ppular in the film market. In additin, the price f the film ticket is a real bargain. Persnally, it's gd value fr mney, isn't it?
W:Yes. It is wrth every penny. S what abut seeing the film tgether next Friday?
M:I'd like t, but I'm nt sure if I'll be free next Friday. I will check my schedule and then call yu, OK?
W: Sure. I'll be expecting yur gd news.
Text 10
W: Are yu a dg persn r a cat persn?What psychlgical factrs make a persn chse ne type f pet ver the ther？
An utging persn prefers dgs. This shuld really cme as n surprise. Owning a dg is a scial experience, because yu always have t walk them and interact with ther dg wners. If yu really like talking t ther peple, a dg might be suitable fr yu. Cats n the ther hand tend t stay at hme, which means that taking care f a cat requires much less scial interactin.
Cat peple are smarter. While studies shw that dg lvers are mre utging and lively, cat lvers scre higher n intelligence tests, and are said t be mre pen-minded.They are als mre curius abut the wrld, even thugh they might nt leave the huse t see it as much!
D yu lve a dg r a cat?Are yu a different kind f pet persn like a turtle persn r a bird persn? Des yur persnality match sme features we talked abut earlier?I hpe my speech will be helpful t yu. Thank yu fr listening!
（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1——5 BCACB 6——10 CACBC 11——15 ABCAB 16——20 ACABC
（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。文章通过回答问题的方式，简要介绍了美国非常畅销的Wh Was？系列图书。
21.答案 B
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，从20年前开始，Wh Was？系列已经出版发行了大约250本图书。
22.答案 D
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第五段可知，Nancy Harrisn 主要负责给 Wh Was？系列图书绘制插图。23.答案 C
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拔 综合全文可知，Wh Was？系列图书的选题主要是一些有成就的名人，并未提及是谁决定主题的。文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。Dvavne Jhusn14 岁时曾经偷过便利店的士力架巧克力，如今已成为明星的他为了表示对过去错误的忏悔，去该便利店花298美元买下该店所有的士力架巧克力，供有需要的顾客免费拿走。
24.答案 A
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第三段可知，30年来，因为青少年时偷士力架巧克力的行为，Dwayne Jhnsn一直受到良心的谴责。
25.答案 D
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据上下文可知，Dwayne Jhnsn 这么做是为了对过去自己所犯的错误表示弥补和忏悔。
26.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，Dwayne Jhnsn 指出，我们虽然无法改变过去，但是可以做一些事情来对过去的错误做出弥补和补偿。由此可知他是一个对自己行为负责任的人。
27.答案 B
命题透析 目的意图题。
思路点拨 综合全文可知，作者分享Dwayne Jhnsn 的故事，主要告诉我们弥补过失和改正错误的重要性，即使这种弥补和改正来得晚一些。
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。无论是糖、电脑游戏还是社交媒体，都会在我们大脑中产生一种令我们感觉良好的叫做多巴胺的神经化学物质。问题在于，这种快乐的感觉是很短暂的，我们很快又会陷入痛苦，然后又要追求新的快感——如此循环往复。
28.答案 B
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第一、二段可知，多巴胺会给我们带来快感，但是这种快感转瞬即逝，随之而来的是痛苦。
29.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，Amma Lembke博士认为，对早期的人类来说，寻求这种“快乐——痛苦——再快乐——再痛苦”的跷跷板平衡游戏是有意义的，因为古代社会物质缺乏，他们只有不断追求新的物质满足才能生存。
30.答案 D
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据三、四段可知，在现代社会，几乎所有带给我们快乐的东西都具有了毒品般让我们成瘾的特点。由于我们不断接触产生快乐的刺激物，大脑就会适应，最终我们需要越来越多的刺激物来使我们感到正常，不然我们就会感到痛苦。这种状态就叫做“多巴胺缺失状态”。把我们引导到这一状态的循环最终会把我们引导到沮丧和焦虑状态。
31.答案 A
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，Amma Lemfike 博士最后给我们的建议是：有意识地放弃一些安逸享乐、去追求一些有意义的痛苦，比如健身和抵挡一些诱惑。
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。死海信于以色列、巴勒斯坦、约旦交界，是世界上最低的湖泊。目前由于种种原因，它正在不断干涸、走向死亡。
32.答案 C
命题透析 数字计算题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，目前死海主体的深度大约是950英尺，比起半个世纪前变浅了15%。也就是X-15%X=950，可计算出X等于1，117。
33.答案 D
命题透析 词义猜测题。
思路点拨 根据上文可知，死海目前正在不断干涸、水平面逐年下降，也就是不断"变小"。34.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，本段作者主要分析了死海水分流失、逐年变浅的主要原因。35.答案 A
命题透析 标题归纳题。
思路点拨 综合全文可知，本文主要告诉我们：由于气候变化及人为原因，死海正在不断干涸、走向死亡。
36—40 CBFEG
（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。历史上有很多女性取得了杰出的成就，可是她们却默默无闻。物理学家 Jess Wade想通过自己的努力来改变这一现状。
41.答案 C
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 根据上句中的"female scientists，engineers and mathematicians have changed the wrld”可知，这些女士取得了巨大的“成就”。
42.答案 C
命题透析 考查副词。
思路点拨 根据上句中的"while"一词可知，这些女士虽然成就巨大，但是"很少"被报道和宣传。
43.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 根据下文可知，物理学家Jess Wade想在网上“分享”她们的故事。
44.答案 B
命题透析 考查动词短语。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 于是“想出”了一个独特方法来宣传那些被忽略的女性科学家——编写维基百科的网页。
45.答案 D
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 认为，虽然比起男性科学家来说女性科学家的“人数”较少，但是在科学领域依然有很多女性科学家是她的“榜样人物”
46.答案 B
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 rle mdel这里表示“（值得仿效的）优秀的人或物；模范；榜样”。
47.答案 C
命题透析 考查动词短语。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 读研究生时，“遇到”一位从事科学的优秀女性——Kim Cbb，她是布朗大学的一位气候科学家。
48.答案 A
命题透析 考查形容词。
思路点拨 根据下文信息"I need t leam mre abut her"可知，Kim Cbb是一位"了不起的"人。
49.答案 D
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade试着在网上搜索Kim Cbb的资料，结果无法“找到”一些有关她的信息。50.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade想找到有关Kim Cbb的维基百科网页。
51.答案 D
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade上面的经历激发她产生了编写维基百科网页的"想法"。
52.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade搜索网页的目的是"搜集"有关女性科学家的信息。
53.答案 C
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 由于Jess Wade 所从事的工作，她在科学领域也"出名"了。make a name fr neself=make ne's name意为“成名；出名”。
54.答案 B
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 认为，我们都有责任使科学领域成为一个更多样化、更公平的地方。play a rle是固定短语，意为"发挥作用；起作用"。
55.答案 A
命题透析 考查形容词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade所做的事是为那些被忽略的女性科学家发声，这显然是为了让科学领域变得“更公平”。（
共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。世界旅游组织正式公布2022年"最佳旅游乡村"名单，中国广西大寨村和重庆荆竹村成功入选。
56.答案 sticking
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 本空为省略形式，因此这里应该填入动名词形式。
57.答案 were awarded
命题透析 考查动词时态和语态。
思路点拨 本句主语为32 villages，时间状语为late n Tuesday，这里表示“被颁发和授予”这一荣誉，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
58.答案 and
命题透析 考查连词。
思路点拨 本空前后是两个并列主语Dazhai village和Jingzhu village，因此这里填入并列连词and。
59.答案 has brught
命题透析 考查动词时态。
思路点拨 本句时间状语为 since the village started t develp turism arund 2003，因此这里应该用现在完成时。
60.答案 As
命题透析 考查定语从句。
思路点拨 此处为定语从句，填 as，表示“正如”。
61.答案 sharply
命题透析 考查词性转换。
思路点拨 修饰动词rse应用副词sharply，表示“大幅度增长”。
62.答案 a
命题透析 考查冠词。
思路点拨 这里的rise是可数名词，意为"上涨；增加"，前面通常用不定冠词 a。如：ask fr a rise"要求增加工资”。
63.答案 recgnized
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语形式，空后面的by一词暗示这里需要填入一个过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词village。
64.答案 t prmte
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 本空前面说"世界旅游组织从2021年开始评选全球最佳旅游村"，后面是说明这一举措的目的（促进村落文化遗产保护和可持续发展），因此填入动词不定式作目的状语。
65.答案 with
命题透析 考查介词。
思路点拨 根据语境可知，这里是一个由介词with引导的复合结构，在句中作状语，表示补充说明。
写作第一节（满分15分）
One pssible versin:
The immune system is the bdy's way f prtecting itself frm infectin and disease; it fights everything frm cld and flu viruses t serius cnditins. What shuld we d t imprve ur immune system？
Firstly,we need t eat well. A diet high in fruits,vegetables, and whle grains is beneficial t ur health. Secndly,we're suppsed t take regular exercise,which helps us feel better,sleep better and reduce anxiety.Last but nt least,getting enugh sleep is f great imprtance. Scientific evidence shws that sleep lss can negatively affect different parts f the immune system.
评分原则
1.本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6.如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
7.内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
【各档次的给分范围和要求】
第五档：（13—15分）
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.覆盖所有内容要点。
3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档：（10—12分）
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档：（7—9分）
1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
6.整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档：（4—6分）
1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
3.语法结构单调、词汇知识有限。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档：（1—3分）
1.未完成试题规定的任务。
2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3.语法结构单调、词汇知识有限。
4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
6.信息未能传达给读者。
不得分：（0分）
未能传达给读者任何信息；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
写作第二节（满分25分）
One pssible versin:
Mr. Bernstein welcmed me t the classrm and intrduced me t my new desk mate— Janet. I tk my seat and Janet greeted me with a warm smile. There wasn't time fr cnversatin befre Mr. Bernstein began t rapidly detail the requirements fr ur class. I wrte as fast as pssible, stealing ccasinal peeks at Janet. What was she like? Wuld she accept me?I wuld find ut the answers sn enugh, during lunch perid.
We walked t the cafeteria,sat tgether,and pened ur lunch bags. Between bites f ur sandwiches, we began t ask each ther questins. Her respnses were nt at all what I expected. Hme? It turned ut that we lived abut a fifteen-minute walk apart. Upbringing? Her parents were as strict as mine: n make-up. The smiles n bth ur faces bradened with each new exchange. It turned ut that Janet was a very nice girl and we felt like ld friends at the first meeting because we had s much in cmmn.
评分原则
1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
（2）内容的丰富性；
（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；
（4）上下文的连贯性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
【各档次的给分范围和要求】
第五档：（21—25分）
1.与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
2.所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。
3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第四档：（16—20分）
1.与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。
2.所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。
3.比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第三档：（11—15分）
1.与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
2.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。
3.应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第二档：（6—10分）
1.与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
2.语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。3.较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。
第一档：（1—5分）
1.与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。
2.语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
3.缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
不得分：（0分）
白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
little f
t
B.ptentials B.permanently B.chse
B.came up with
B.prgress
B.rle mdels
B.turned dwn
B.rdinary
B.identify
B.accepted
B.rder
B.pst
B.will
B.play
B.safer
C. achievements
C.rarely
C.read
C.passed dwn
C.respnsibility C.safety rules
C.ran acrss
C.serius
C.ffer C.recmmended C.belief
C.manage
C.name
C.select
C.quieter
D.demands D.regularly D.appreciate
D.left ut
D.number
D.fllwers
D.tk in
D.patient
D.find D.acknwledged D.idea
D.crrect
D.request
D.decide
D.wider
2022—2023学年（下）高三顶尖计划联考
英 语
考生注意：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需
改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt？
A.₤19.15. B.₤9.18. C.₤9.15.
答案是C。
1.What des the man want?
A.A mdel ship. B.Sme chips. C.Sme tys.
2.Hw des the wman feel finally?
A.Wrried. B.Disappinted. C.Encuraged.
3.Where are the speakers nw prbably?
A.On the highway. B.In a parking lt. C.In a htel.
4.What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A.Painting a picture. B.Making an appintment. C.Mving int their new huse.
5.What made the wman wait s lng fr the clthes?
A.A traffic accident. B.The wrng delivery. C. Nt getting a message.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What des the man say abut the pian lessn?
A.It's bring. B.It's interesting. C.It's expensive.
7.Hw much d the wman's pian lessns cst each?
A.8.5 punds. B.10 punds. C.10.5 punds.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Hw is Jack getting n with his Chinese learning?
A.He has given it up.
B.He has fund a new way.
C.He has made little prgress.
9.Hw is Katherine learning Chinese?
A.By watching mvies.
B.By listening t sngs.
C.By cmmunicating with thers.
10.Where did Katherine get her learning resurces?
A.Frm her friend. B.Frm her teacher. C.Frm the Internet.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What des the wman think f Mike's behavir?
A.Unfriendly. B.Unusual. C.Unselfish.
12.What des the wman advise Mike t d?
A.Be mre careful. B.Share things. C.Make an aplgy.
13.What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A.Father and daughter. B.Brther and sister. C.Mther and sn.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.Why d the critics think the film is unsuitable fr children?
A.The music is t scary. B.The plt is t cmplex. C.The scenes are t vilent.
15.What made the man feel curius abut the bk?
A.Its language. B.Its ending. C.Its authr.
16.Why des the wman like the bk?
A.It uses humrus wrds. B.It is based n a real stry. C.It has many pretty phts.
17.What will the wman d?
A.Buy the film tickets. B.See the film next Thursday. C.Wait fr the man's call.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.Which pet may an utging persn prefer?
A.A dg. B.A cat. C.A bird.
19.What may a cat wner be like?
A.Friendlier. B.Cleverer. C.Mre careful.
20.What des the speaker mainly talk abut?
A.The characters f sme pets.
B.The ways f raising pets.
C.Pet peple's persnalities.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Penguin's Wh Was？series tells the incredible stries f trailblazers（开拓者），legends，innvatrs,and creatrs. The fllwing are frequently asked questins:
Hw many Wh Was?titles are there?
Abut 250 Wh Was?titles have been published since the series first began 20 years ag. And with the additin f the What Was? and Where Is? series, readers nw have mre than 300 amazing bks abut influential peple,wrld-famus landmarks, and interesting histrical events.
Hw d yu chse the subjects fr the Wh Was?titles?
The subjects fr the Wh Was? series are ften decided quite far in advance. Peple wh are the first at smething, r the best at what they d, r wh have made majr cntributins in their field—and smetimes all three—make the best subjects.
What was the first Wh Was?bk?
The first fur Wh Was? bks—Wh Was Sacagawea?,Wh Was Ben Franklin?,Wh Was Albert Einstein?,and Wh Was Annie Oakley2—were actually published n the same day. S when February 18 rlls arund,be sure t wish these bks a Happy Birthday!
Des the same persn illustrate every cver?
Just abut every Wh Was? cver(except tw)is illustrated by Nancy Harrisn,wh has been wrking n the series since the very first bk.
Hw lng des it take t cmplete ne bk?
It can take years!And smetimes the bks are finished much mre quickly.Frm the time an authr is cntracted t write the manuscript,thrugh editing,cpy editing,design and illustratin,t publicatin,it takes—n average—eighteen t twenty-fur mnths.
21.Hw many Wh Was? bks are published every year n average?
A.Abut 10. B.Abut 12. C.Abut 15. D.Abut 17.
22.What is Nancy Harrisn gd at ding?
A.Writing bks. B.Selling bks. C.Prducing ideas. D.Drawing pictures.
23.What d we learn abut Penguin's Wh Was?series?
A.It is intended fr adult readers. B.It is better received than ther series.
C.It fcuses n peple with achievements. D.Its subjects are usually decided by readers.
B
Dwayne Jhnsn said this week he returned t a 7-Eleven in Hawaii t "right the wrng" f stealing candy when he was a teenager.
In an Instagram pst,the star explained that his family was“brke as hell”when he was living n the island and， fr nearly a year when he was 14，he wuld steal a Snickers（士力架）bar frm the stre n the way t the gym“every day” as his pre-wrkut snack because he culdn't affrd t buy ne.
He recalled that“the same clerk was there every day and always just turned her head and never searched me"， but admitted that his actins had been weighing n his cnscience（良心）fr three decades.
Jhnsn dcumented the recent visit t the stre, in which he emptied the shelves f every Snickers bar, bught them and then left the candy bars fr any custmer t take fr free.
"If smebdy lks like they're stealing Snickers, give them these s they dn't steal it,"Jhnsn tld the stre clerk.
He wrte that he realized the deed might seem“silly”,but every time he came back hme t Hawaii and drve by 7-Eleven,he always knew he“needed t g in and clean ut every Snickers bar they had--the right way.
Jhnsn racked up a bill f $298 and als tipped the clerk wh had t cunt the dzens f bars he bught and anther cashier wh was wrking at the time. The frmer wrestling star even psed fr selfies with fans while trying t film the visit.
“We can't change the past and sme f the dumb stuff we may have dne, but every nce in a while we can d smething t make up fr that fault—and maybe put a big smile n sme strangers' faces," Jhnsn said.
24.Hw did Dwayne Jhnsn feel abut what he did at the age f 14?
A.Guilty. B.Shcked. C.Nervus. D.Cnfused.
25.Why did Dwayne Jhnsn spend $298 n Snickers bars?
A.T thank the stre clerk. B.T shw ff his wealth.
C.T realize his childhd dream. D.T make up fr his past behaviur.
26.What d we learn abut Dwayne Jhnsn?
A.He was brn int a rich family. B.He was lazy when he was yung.
C.He was respnsible fr his behaviur. D.He was nce caught by the clerk.
27.What des the authr want t tell us by sharing Dwayne Jhnsn's stry?
A.Hnesty is the best plicy. B.It's never t late t mend.
C.What's dne cannt be undne. D.Actins speak luder than wrds.
C
Be it sugar,cmputer games r scial media, the respnse in ur brain is the same: It prduces the“feel-gd”neurchemical called dpamine（多巴胺），which brings feelings f pleasure and mtivatin.“It may be even mre imprtant fr mtivatin than fr actual pleasure,"says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanfrd Medical Schl psychiatrist and researcher.
A dpamine hit brings abut pleasure,which is quickly fllwed by pain, in rder t keep us mtivated. Lembke says this balancing see-saw f pleasure and pain made sense in the time f early humans,when they had t cnstantly search fr basic needs—fd, water, and shelter.“It’s really a smart methd t make sure that n matter what we d, that's pleasurable. It desn't last very lng and it's fllwed by pain s that immediately we're searching again," she explains.
But,in mdern life,we live in a wrld f abundance, and Lembke says ur brains weren't evlved fr the“fire hse f dpamine”f sugar, scial media, the Internet, TV, drugs r anything else s easily available. In shrt,Lembke says, almst every behavir has becme a drug.
When we're repeatedly expsed t ur pleasure-prducing stimuli（刺激物），ur brains adjust and,eventually,we need mre and mre just t feel“nrmal”,r nt in pain. That’s called a “dpamine deficit state”, and the cycle that leads us there can actually lead t depressin r anxiety.
Finally,Lembke says,this is a universal prblem—nt ne limited t thse f us strug8ling with the disease f addictin—that has cme with living in mdern life.
T maintain balance and whleheartedness, we have t strike a pleasure-pain balance, which,in a time f abundance and ver-cnsumptin, means intentinally aviding pleasure and seeking the kind f purpseful pain that keeps us healthy,such as exercise r resisting certain temptatins.“By ding that,”Lembke says,"we will reset reward pathways and ultimately be a lt happier. It's simple but nt easy, but it's well wrth ding."
28.What d we learn abut dpamine?
A.It makes ur bdy balanced. B.It brings temprary pleasure.
C.It makes us impatient. D.It brings unbearable pain.
29.What des Lembke think f the balancing see-saw f pleasure and pain in ancient times?
A.It was useless. B.It was harmful. C.It was meaningful. D.It was impssible.
30.What des the underlined wrd“there”in paragraph 4 refer t?
A.The state f feeling nrmal. B.T many pleasure-prducing stimuli.
C.The state f happiness. D.A dpamine deficit state.
31.What is Dr. Anna Lembke's final suggestin?
A.Experiencing necessary pain. B.Aviding having fun.
C.Running after cmfrt. D.Having abundant resurces.
D
The Dead Sea is an amazing wnder f the wrld:the lwest expsed spt n Earth,where the water is s full f salt that bathers flat right t the tp.
But tday the Dead Sea is drying up,and its banks are cllapsing. The water level is drpping clse t 4 feet every year. The main part f the lake is nw arund 950 feet deep—abut 15%shallwer, and a third f the surface area, cmpared t its shape half a century ag.
“Yu've seen a living disaster in frnt f yur eyes," says Jake Ben Zaken, an Israeli wh says he perates the nly passenger bats n the Dead Sea.
As the lake recedes,it changes the landscape arund it in bth beautiful and harmful ways. Beautiful salt frmatins are revealed where the water dries up. But there are als terrible scenes f beaches and parking lts swallwed up by sinkhles alng the shre.
Slutins have been prpsed t replenish（填满）the Dead Sea，but n significant actin has been taken t prevent its further destructin. Climate change makes recvery f the lake seem even further ut f reach.
The Dead Sea is a landlcked lake that's partly in Jrdan, Israel and the Israeli-ccupied West Bank. The lake—named the Dead Sea because it cntains t much salt and is nt suitable fr aquatic（水生的）life—has been drying up fr decades.
"It's a human-made prblem," say envirnmental researchers and fficials. In a regin where water is rare，Israel，Jrdan and Syria in the last several decades have diverted（改道）the freshwater surces that feed the Dead Sea,fr drinking water and irrigatin. Plus, Israeli and Jrdanian cmpanies evaprate（蒸发）Dead Sea water t harvest its rich minerals fr exprt. The part f the lake with Israeli htels,a ppular spt fr turists t flat in Dead Sea water,is actually an artificial evapratin pl in the lake's suthern basin.
32.Hw deep was the main part f the Dead Sea 50 years ag prbably?
A.Abut 800 feet. B.Abut 1,000 feet.
C.Abut 1,100 feet. D.Abut 1,300 feet.
33.What des the underlined wrd“recedes”in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Ges up. B.Gets ppular. C.Flws ver. D.Becmes smaller.
34.What's the last paragraph mainly abut?
A.The slutins t the prblem. B.The future f the Dead Sea.
C.The reasns fr the prblem. D.The situatin f the Dead Sea.
35.Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A.The Dead Sea Is Dying B.The Dead Sea Is Recvering
C.The Dead Sea—a Salty Lake with Minerals D.The Dead Sea—a Place fr Turists t Flat
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Anyne wh has an idea wrth sharing is capable f giving a pwerful talk. The nly thing that truly matters in public speaking is nt cnfidence,stage presence,r smth talking.__36__
I am using the wrd“idea”quite bradly here. It desn't have t be a scientific breakthrugh,a genius inventin, r a cmplex legal thery. __37__Or a human insight illustrated with the pwer f a stry. Or a beautiful image that has meaning. Or an event yu wish might happen in the future. Or perhaps just a reminder f what matters mst in life.
An idea is anything that can change hw peple see the wrld. If yu can create a great idea in peple's minds,yu have dne smething amazing. Yu have given them a gift f incalculable value.__38__
But,mre likely,yu have far mre in yu wrth sharing than yu're even aware f. Yu dn't have t have invented smething. Yu've led a life that is yurs and yurs nly.__39__There are insights t be drawn frm sme f thse experiences that are abslutely wrth sharing. Yu just have t figure ut which nes.
__40__Yu've invented nthing.Yu're nt particularly creative. Yu dn't see yurself as super-intelligent. Yu dn't have any particularly brilliant ideas abut the future. Yu're nt even sure there's anything yu're super-passinate abut.
Well,I grant yu,that's a tugh starting pint. T be wrth an audience's time,mst talks require grunding in smething that has sme depth. It's theretically pssible that the best thing yu can d fr nw is t cntinue yur jurney,and search fr smething that really des grab yu and make yu want t g deep.
A.Everything is hard at first.
B.It can be a simple hw-t.
C.It's having smething wrth saying.
D.Yu need t have cnfidence in yurself.
E.There are experiences yu've had that are unique t yu.
F.In a very real sense,a little piece f yu has becme part f them.
G.Yu may feel that yu've dne nthing that wuld be wrth giving a talk abut.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Thrughut histry,female scientists,engineers and mathematicians have changed the wrld. But while their__41__have been massive, their names and their stries have__42__been publicized. Physicist Jess Wade wanted t__43__the stries f great scientific pineers wh may be verlked and she__44__a unique way t d that:writing Wikipedia pages.
Wade tld CBS News that while the__45__f wmen in science is small in cmparisn t that f men,she has always had__46__in the field. When she was a graduate student,Wade__47__ an inspiring wman in science,Kim Cbb,wh is a climate scientist at Brwn University.
"S when I met her I thught she is a(n)__48__persn and I need t learn mre abut her. When I did a little search,I culdn't__49__any infrmatin abut her. What I__50__was a Wikipedia page but it wasn't there."
That's hw Wade gt the__51__—t start writing Wikipedia pages fr diverse peple in science wh dn't yet have them.
In her free time, Wade searches the Internet t__52__infrmatin,and then she gets t wrk writing Wikipedia pages. She's written mre than 1,700 s far.
Wade is nw making a__53__fr herself in science,and she knws she wuldn't be here withut thse wh came befre her.“We all have a rle t__54__in making science a mre diverse and__55__place," she said.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Tw villages have been named the Best Turism Villages 2022 by the Wrld Turism Organizatin, thanks t their achievements in balancing turism with ecnmic develpment while__ 56__(stick)t envirnmental prtectin.
Accrding t the rganizatin,32 villages in 18 cuntries and regins including Austria, Chile and China__57__(award) the recgnitin late n Tuesday. China's Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang autnmus regin__58__Jingzhu village in Chngqing wn the recgnitin.
Figures cited frm the cunty's culture and turism bureau shw that turism develpment in Dazhai__59__(bring)great ecnmic benefits t villagers and created mre jbs fr them since the village started t develp turism arund 2003.
__60__the bureau has pinted ut,thugh the village nly received 32,000 visits in 2004, the number rse__61__(sharp)t nearly 798,000 in 2019 befre COVID-19 emerged. The villagers' average incme amng its 1,212 peple f 271 husehlds,als saw__62__rise frm 700 yuan per year($100)t ver 34,500 yuan in 2019,the bureau said.
Jingzhu village,the ther village__63__(recgnize)by the Wrld Turism Organizatin this year.is lcated in Wulng district f suthwest Chngqing and ver half f the villagers wrk in the turism industry.
The Wrld Turism Organizatin began t award Best Turism Villages acrss the wrld in 2021__64__(prmte)the cultural heritage prtectin and sustainable develpment f villages. China s far has fur villages winning the title,__65__the ther tw being Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi village in Anhui.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
你校英文报最新一期Ht Tpic栏目讨论的话题是“如何改善免疫系统”。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.免疫系统的重要性；
2.我们应该如何提高免疫力。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：免疫系统immune system
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wrld was in a cnstant state f change and I was having truble keeping up. Life with Mm,Dad,and my sister,Linda,had always been cmfrtable and fairly predictable. My grades were gd, and Linda and I gt n well. We played tgether and fught tgether, the way sisters d. As the lder ne,I was used t being tld t set an example, which wasn't t difficult, since Linda was nly tw years yunger, and she usually wanted t d anything I did, anyway. Life was pretty gd.
Then the changes started cming,
First came a family meeting with surprising news that wuld change my wrld. We were mving. Our new hme wuld be acrss the Verrazan-Narrws Bridge, in anther brugh f New Yrk City. We were leaving the nly hme I had ever knwn. Even wrse, it wuld ccur right befre the beginning f sixth grade. Nt nly wuld I nt be able t graduate frm elementary schl with my friends, but I wuld have t start middle schl with a class full f kids wh had knwn each ther,and bnded,since kindergarten. Where wuld that leave me?
I spent the summer adjusting t a new neighbrhd, literally being the new kid n the blck. Making friends didn't cme easily t me,and it didn't help being the eldest child f immigrant parents. I was different, and being different is the last thing any middle schl student wants. The fear f starting a new schl hung ver me like a black clud, damaging each summer day.
The first day f schl arrived way t quickly. I entered my new classrm trying very hard nt t appear as scared as I felt, but it wasn't easy. Twenty-eight faces turned t lk up at me as I fllwed the Assistant Principal int the rm.They all lked s cl, and sme f the girls even wre make-up. Hw wuld I ever fit in? I was ut f tuch in every way pssible. I wasn't allwed t wear make-up r nail plish. Mst f my clthes were handmade, sewn by my mther and grandmther.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mr. Bernstein welcmed me t the classrm and intrduced me t my new desk mate—Janet.
We walked t the cafeteria,sat tgether,and pened ur lunch bags.
2022——2023学年（下）高三顶尖计划联考
英语·答案
听力原文
Text 1
M:Hey Mm,are yu at the supermarket nw?
W: Hell? Sweetie, the sund isn't very clear.
M:Dn't frget t bring me sme chips. I want a big ne.
W: A pig ship? What is it? A mdel?I can't hear yu clearly. Yu can text me.
Text 2
M:Hw was yur exam?
W:I really messed it up. I already knw that I failed.
M:Everybdy makes mistakes. Auntie and I will always supprt yu!
W:Thank yu,Uncle.I will try again.
Text 3
W: We'd better stp and have a rest.
M: OK. I'll lk at the map t see exactly where we are.
W:D yu think we'll have any truble finding a rm fr the night?
M:I'm sure it'll be easy t find a place.
Text 4
W: When shall we have ur new huse painted? I can't wait t mve int it.
M: It is ready fr ur mve. Hw abut July 5?I'm free that day.
W:Gd. It suits us tw. But we shuld call the cmpany fr an appintment first.
Text 5
W: Hi, Ben. I will g t the frnt desk t fetch my package. My new clthes finally came!
M：Did it take a lng time？
W:Yeah. They made a mistake and sent it t the wrng address.
Text 6
M:Hw lng have yu had pian lessns,Kate?
W:Fr six years,Je.I started it when I was nine.
M: I wanted t learn but the lessns are expensive. They're mre than ten punds each.
W:My teacher usually charges 10.5 punds. But I get them fr 8.5 punds because my sister has lessns there,t.
M:Yu like it very much,right?
W:Well,learning t read music was really bring and practice wasn't easy. But nw I think it's fun. M:Is yur teacher nice?
W:Yes. She's nice even when I get things wrng. She's really a gd teacher.
Text 7
W:Are yu OK,Jack?Yu lk pale.
M:I'm fine,Katherine.I just stayed up late last night wrking n my Chinese.
W:Oh,pr yu.Yu knw what?I fund anew way t learn Chinese and it wrks very well.
M:Yu did?D tell me.I've spent all these mnths trying t learn smething new abut it, but I've made little prgress.
W: Sure. I'm learning Chinese thrugh sngs.
M: S yu're learning Chinese sngs?
W:Yu can say that.I can actually sing sme f them nw.
M:That's a real achievement. Hw did yu d that?
W:I start by listening t the sng and after several times I am able t fllw the singer.
M：It makes sense.
W:It des.I've learned sme Chinese flk sngs this way. They are clearly presented and easy t fllw.
M: Can I jin yu, Katherine?I d want t have a try.
W: Why nt? I dwnladed a beautiful sng the ther day. We can learn it tgether nw.
Text 8
W:Mike,d yu knw why yur brther is crying?
M:I dn't knw. Maybe because I wuldn't let him play with my tys.
W:That's nt very kind. What d we say in ur family?
M: Sharing is caring.
W:That's right. That means yu tw need t take turns.
M:But he always plays with them alne!He never gives them back.
W:Yu're his big brther.Yu need t set an example fr him.
M:But smetimes he even breaks them!
W:I'll ask him t be mre careful. And yu can ask him nicely t give them back next time. M:But...
W: N buts, Mister! If yu dn't listen t my wrds, I'll tell yur father.
Text 9
M:I heard abut Je Schultz's new film. It is said t be unsuitable fr yung children t see. Sme critics say that watching the first few minutes is pretty unpleasant.
W:That didn't seem t wrry the authrities even if there is quite a bit f strng language. The critics culdn't tlerate the music—making yur hair stand n end.
M: Anyway, I dn't think the stryline is really suitable fr yung children.
W:Yes,I agree with yu. And have yu read the bk?
M:Oh yeah. A great bk. I culdn't guess what the final ending wuld be.
W:I culdn't agree mre!I lve the way the authr uses humrus wrds.
M:Yeah. Maybe that's the reasn why it is s ppular in the film market. In additin, the price f the film ticket is a real bargain. Persnally, it's gd value fr mney, isn't it?
W:Yes. It is wrth every penny. S what abut seeing the film tgether next Friday?
M:I'd like t, but I'm nt sure if I'll be free next Friday. I will check my schedule and then call yu, OK?
W: Sure. I'll be expecting yur gd news.
Text 10
W: Are yu a dg persn r a cat persn?What psychlgical factrs make a persn chse ne type f pet ver the ther？
An utging persn prefers dgs. This shuld really cme as n surprise. Owning a dg is a scial experience, because yu always have t walk them and interact with ther dg wners. If yu really like talking t ther peple, a dg might be suitable fr yu. Cats n the ther hand tend t stay at hme, which means that taking care f a cat requires much less scial interactin.
Cat peple are smarter. While studies shw that dg lvers are mre utging and lively, cat lvers scre higher n intelligence tests, and are said t be mre pen-minded.They are als mre curius abut the wrld, even thugh they might nt leave the huse t see it as much!
D yu lve a dg r a cat?Are yu a different kind f pet persn like a turtle persn r a bird persn? Des yur persnality match sme features we talked abut earlier?I hpe my speech will be helpful t yu. Thank yu fr listening!
（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1——5 BCACB 6——10 CACBC 11——15 ABCAB 16——20 ACABC
（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。文章通过回答问题的方式，简要介绍了美国非常畅销的Wh Was？系列图书。
21.答案 B
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，从20年前开始，Wh Was？系列已经出版发行了大约250本图书。
22.答案 D
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第五段可知，Nancy Harrisn 主要负责给 Wh Was？系列图书绘制插图。23.答案 C
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拔 综合全文可知，Wh Was？系列图书的选题主要是一些有成就的名人，并未提及是谁决定主题的。文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。Dvavne Jhusn14 岁时曾经偷过便利店的士力架巧克力，如今已成为明星的他为了表示对过去错误的忏悔，去该便利店花298美元买下该店所有的士力架巧克力，供有需要的顾客免费拿走。
24.答案 A
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第三段可知，30年来，因为青少年时偷士力架巧克力的行为，Dwayne Jhnsn一直受到良心的谴责。
25.答案 D
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据上下文可知，Dwayne Jhnsn 这么做是为了对过去自己所犯的错误表示弥补和忏悔。
26.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，Dwayne Jhnsn 指出，我们虽然无法改变过去，但是可以做一些事情来对过去的错误做出弥补和补偿。由此可知他是一个对自己行为负责任的人。
27.答案 B
命题透析 目的意图题。
思路点拨 综合全文可知，作者分享Dwayne Jhnsn 的故事，主要告诉我们弥补过失和改正错误的重要性，即使这种弥补和改正来得晚一些。
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。无论是糖、电脑游戏还是社交媒体，都会在我们大脑中产生一种令我们感觉良好的叫做多巴胺的神经化学物质。问题在于，这种快乐的感觉是很短暂的，我们很快又会陷入痛苦，然后又要追求新的快感——如此循环往复。
28.答案 B
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据第一、二段可知，多巴胺会给我们带来快感，但是这种快感转瞬即逝，随之而来的是痛苦。
29.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，Amma Lembke博士认为，对早期的人类来说，寻求这种“快乐——痛苦——再快乐——再痛苦”的跷跷板平衡游戏是有意义的，因为古代社会物质缺乏，他们只有不断追求新的物质满足才能生存。
30.答案 D
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据三、四段可知，在现代社会，几乎所有带给我们快乐的东西都具有了毒品般让我们成瘾的特点。由于我们不断接触产生快乐的刺激物，大脑就会适应，最终我们需要越来越多的刺激物来使我们感到正常，不然我们就会感到痛苦。这种状态就叫做“多巴胺缺失状态”。把我们引导到这一状态的循环最终会把我们引导到沮丧和焦虑状态。
31.答案 A
命题透析 细节理解题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，Amma Lemfike 博士最后给我们的建议是：有意识地放弃一些安逸享乐、去追求一些有意义的痛苦，比如健身和抵挡一些诱惑。
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。死海信于以色列、巴勒斯坦、约旦交界，是世界上最低的湖泊。目前由于种种原因，它正在不断干涸、走向死亡。
32.答案 C
命题透析 数字计算题。
思路点拨 根据第二段可知，目前死海主体的深度大约是950英尺，比起半个世纪前变浅了15%。也就是X-15%X=950，可计算出X等于1，117。
33.答案 D
命题透析 词义猜测题。
思路点拨 根据上文可知，死海目前正在不断干涸、水平面逐年下降，也就是不断"变小"。34.答案 C
命题透析 推理判断题。
思路点拨 根据最后一段可知，本段作者主要分析了死海水分流失、逐年变浅的主要原因。35.答案 A
命题透析 标题归纳题。
思路点拨 综合全文可知，本文主要告诉我们：由于气候变化及人为原因，死海正在不断干涸、走向死亡。
36—40 CBFEG
（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。历史上有很多女性取得了杰出的成就，可是她们却默默无闻。物理学家 Jess Wade想通过自己的努力来改变这一现状。
41.答案 C
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 根据上句中的"female scientists，engineers and mathematicians have changed the wrld”可知，这些女士取得了巨大的“成就”。
42.答案 C
命题透析 考查副词。
思路点拨 根据上句中的"while"一词可知，这些女士虽然成就巨大，但是"很少"被报道和宣传。
43.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 根据下文可知，物理学家Jess Wade想在网上“分享”她们的故事。
44.答案 B
命题透析 考查动词短语。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 于是“想出”了一个独特方法来宣传那些被忽略的女性科学家——编写维基百科的网页。
45.答案 D
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 认为，虽然比起男性科学家来说女性科学家的“人数”较少，但是在科学领域依然有很多女性科学家是她的“榜样人物”
46.答案 B
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 rle mdel这里表示“（值得仿效的）优秀的人或物；模范；榜样”。
47.答案 C
命题透析 考查动词短语。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 读研究生时，“遇到”一位从事科学的优秀女性——Kim Cbb，她是布朗大学的一位气候科学家。
48.答案 A
命题透析 考查形容词。
思路点拨 根据下文信息"I need t leam mre abut her"可知，Kim Cbb是一位"了不起的"人。
49.答案 D
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade试着在网上搜索Kim Cbb的资料，结果无法“找到”一些有关她的信息。50.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade想找到有关Kim Cbb的维基百科网页。
51.答案 D
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade上面的经历激发她产生了编写维基百科网页的"想法"。
52.答案 A
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade搜索网页的目的是"搜集"有关女性科学家的信息。
53.答案 C
命题透析 考查名词。
思路点拨 由于Jess Wade 所从事的工作，她在科学领域也"出名"了。make a name fr neself=make ne's name意为“成名；出名”。
54.答案 B
命题透析 考查动词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade 认为，我们都有责任使科学领域成为一个更多样化、更公平的地方。play a rle是固定短语，意为"发挥作用；起作用"。
55.答案 A
命题透析 考查形容词。
思路点拨 Jess Wade所做的事是为那些被忽略的女性科学家发声，这显然是为了让科学领域变得“更公平”。（
共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。世界旅游组织正式公布2022年"最佳旅游乡村"名单，中国广西大寨村和重庆荆竹村成功入选。
56.答案 sticking
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 本空为省略形式，因此这里应该填入动名词形式。
57.答案 were awarded
命题透析 考查动词时态和语态。
思路点拨 本句主语为32 villages，时间状语为late n Tuesday，这里表示“被颁发和授予”这一荣誉，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
58.答案 and
命题透析 考查连词。
思路点拨 本空前后是两个并列主语Dazhai village和Jingzhu village，因此这里填入并列连词and。
59.答案 has brught
命题透析 考查动词时态。
思路点拨 本句时间状语为 since the village started t develp turism arund 2003，因此这里应该用现在完成时。
60.答案 As
命题透析 考查定语从句。
思路点拨 此处为定语从句，填 as，表示“正如”。
61.答案 sharply
命题透析 考查词性转换。
思路点拨 修饰动词rse应用副词sharply，表示“大幅度增长”。
62.答案 a
命题透析 考查冠词。
思路点拨 这里的rise是可数名词，意为"上涨；增加"，前面通常用不定冠词 a。如：ask fr a rise"要求增加工资”。
63.答案 recgnized
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语形式，空后面的by一词暗示这里需要填入一个过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词village。
64.答案 t prmte
命题透析 考查非谓语动词。
思路点拨 本空前面说"世界旅游组织从2021年开始评选全球最佳旅游村"，后面是说明这一举措的目的（促进村落文化遗产保护和可持续发展），因此填入动词不定式作目的状语。
65.答案 with
命题透析 考查介词。
思路点拨 根据语境可知，这里是一个由介词with引导的复合结构，在句中作状语，表示补充说明。
写作第一节（满分15分）
One pssible versin:
The immune system is the bdy's way f prtecting itself frm infectin and disease; it fights everything frm cld and flu viruses t serius cnditins. What shuld we d t imprve ur immune system？
Firstly,we need t eat well. A diet high in fruits,vegetables, and whle grains is beneficial t ur health. Secndly,we're suppsed t take regular exercise,which helps us feel better,sleep better and reduce anxiety.Last but nt least,getting enugh sleep is f great imprtance. Scientific evidence shws that sleep lss can negatively affect different parts f the immune system.
评分原则
1.本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6.如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
7.内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
【各档次的给分范围和要求】
第五档：（13—15分）
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.覆盖所有内容要点。
3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档：（10—12分）
1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
6.达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档：（7—9分）
1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。
2.虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。
3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
6.整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档：（4—6分）
1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
3.语法结构单调、词汇知识有限。
4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
5.较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档：（1—3分）
1.未完成试题规定的任务。
2.明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3.语法结构单调、词汇知识有限。
4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
5.缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
6.信息未能传达给读者。
不得分：（0分）
未能传达给读者任何信息；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
写作第二节（满分25分）
One pssible versin:
Mr. Bernstein welcmed me t the classrm and intrduced me t my new desk mate— Janet. I tk my seat and Janet greeted me with a warm smile. There wasn't time fr cnversatin befre Mr. Bernstein began t rapidly detail the requirements fr ur class. I wrte as fast as pssible, stealing ccasinal peeks at Janet. What was she like? Wuld she accept me?I wuld find ut the answers sn enugh, during lunch perid.
We walked t the cafeteria,sat tgether,and pened ur lunch bags. Between bites f ur sandwiches, we began t ask each ther questins. Her respnses were nt at all what I expected. Hme? It turned ut that we lived abut a fifteen-minute walk apart. Upbringing? Her parents were as strict as mine: n make-up. The smiles n bth ur faces bradened with each new exchange. It turned ut that Janet was a very nice girl and we felt like ld friends at the first meeting because we had s much in cmmn.
评分原则
1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
（2）内容的丰富性；
（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；
（4）上下文的连贯性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
【各档次的给分范围和要求】
第五档：（21—25分）
1.与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
2.所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。
3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第四档：（16—20分）
1.与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。
2.所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。
3.比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第三档：（11—15分）
1.与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
2.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。
3.应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第二档：（6—10分）
1.与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
2.语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。3.较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。
第一档：（1—5分）
1.与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。
2.语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
3.缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
不得分：（0分）
白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
little f
t
B.ptentials B.permanently B.chse
B.came up with
B.prgress
B.rle mdels
B.turned dwn
B.rdinary
B.identify
B.accepted
B.rder
B.pst
B.will
B.play
B.safer
C. achievements
C.rarely
C.read
C.passed dwn
C.respnsibility C.safety rules
C.ran acrss
C.serius
C.ffer C.recmmended C.belief
C.manage
C.name
C.select
C.quieter
D.demands D.regularly D.appreciate
D.left ut
D.number
D.fllwers
D.tk in
D.patient
D.find D.acknwledged D.idea
D.crrect
D.request
D.decide
D.wider
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