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【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题19 完形填空之说明文-试卷
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这是一份【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题19 完形填空之说明文-试卷，文件包含专题19完形填空之说明文-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用原卷版docx、专题19完形填空之说明文-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共45页， 欢迎下载使用。
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。它所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。
说明文类的完形填空的特征如下：
1.文章多用现在时态 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述 说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。
3.文章主题明确，层次分明 说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
技巧归纳
技巧一：利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
【题型诠释】
在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。另外弄清楚说明的顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
【典例1】(2023上·江苏·高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考阶段练习)
Girls are better at reading and writing than bys as early as furth grade, accrding t a study, and the gap cntinues t widen until senir year.
Scientists generally agree that bys and girls are psychlgically mre alike than they are different. But reading seems t be a(n) 1 , with grwing evidence suggesting a similar 2 in writing. The study, published in the jurnal American Psychlgist, prvided further 3 t supprt this view.
David Reilly, lead authr f the study, said the study 4 the cmmnly held view that bys and girls start grade schl with the same cgnitive abilities. “It appears that the gender gap fr writing tasks has been greatly 5 , and despite ur best effrts with changes in teaching methds, that des nt appear t be 6 ver time,” he said.
Factrs explaining the results culd include learning 7 being mre prevalent amng bys; the pressure t cnfrm t masculine (男子汉的) ideals and the idea f reading and language being feminine (女性的); and slight 8 in hw bys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球), the authrs believe.
T investigate hw 9 levels differed between bys and girls in the U.S., the team studied data cllected ver three decades in the Natinal Assessment f Educatinal Prgress. This database f test scres n ver 3 millin students in the furth, eighth, and twelfth grades 10 natinal and state perfrmances in a range f subjects, and cnsidered such variables such as disabilities r whether children were English learners. Reading and writing was 11 accrding t children’s understanding f a range f different passages and genres.
12 , girls were fund t perfrm significantly better in reading and writing tests by furth grade when cmpared with bys f the same age. As children prgressed t eighth and twelfth grades, girls cntinued t 13 bys, but the difference was mre nticeable in writing than reading. But what caused this difference in abilities? Evidence suggests 14 prblems, such as being disruptive（扰乱性的）in class r being aggressive culd be linked t neurlgical cnditins. What is knwn as lateralizatin (偏侧化) culd als play a rle. Bys are believed t use ne hemisphere when reading r writing, while girls appear t use bth. The data did nt, hwever, prvide evidence t argue 15 the tw genders having different learning styles.
1. A. distinctinB. exceptinC. bjectinD. limitatin
2. A. patternB. standardC. circumstanceD. feature
3. A. strategyB. signalC. signD. evidence
4. A. cnfirmedB. representedC. questinedD. intrduced
5. A. underestimatedB. veremphasizedC. underrepresentedD. justified
6. A. increasingB. prmtingC. acceptingD. reducing
7. A. bjectivesB. drillsC. difficultiesD. advantages
8. A. cntributinsB. differencesC. cmmunicatinsD. similarities
9. A. literacyB. literaryC. academicD. cgnitive
10. A. pulled dwnB. settled dwnC. turned dwnD. brke dwn
11. A. grantedB. measuredC. designedD. engineered
12. A. LikewiseB. OverallC. HweverD. Besides
13. A. vertakeB. discurageC. parallelD. distinguish
14. A. psychlgicalB. emtinalC. behaviralD. mental
15. A. in line withB. at the mercy fC. n accunt fD. in favr f
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要通过研究表明相比男孩，女孩的阅读和写作能力更佳，并分析了产生这种现象可能的原因。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但阅读似乎是个例外，越来越多的证据表明，写作也有类似的模式。A. distinctin 差别；区别；B. exceptin 例外；C. bjectin 发对；D. limitatin 限制。上文“Scientists generally agree that bys and girls are psychlgically mre alike than they are different. (科学家们普遍认为，男孩和女孩是很相似的)”此句与上句转折，说明此处要表达的是男孩与女孩不相似的的方面——阅读，也就是说阅读是一个例外，故选B。
技巧二：关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
【题型诠释】
说明文十分讲究条理性，常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等）和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等）。通过它们来说明事物或事理。
为了清楚、条理地说明事物，作者通常会使用列举等各种方法来说明顺序和步骤，考生需要格外注意这些线索和走势。
【典例2】(2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测)
Many cities arund the wrld tday are heavily plluted. Careless methds f prductin and 1 f cnsumer demands fr envirnment friendly prducts have 2 the pllutin prblem. One 3 is that millins f tns f glass, paper, plastic, and metal cntainers are prduced, and these are difficult t get rid f.
4 , tday, mre and mre cnsumers are chsing “green” and demanding that the prducts they buy shuld be safe fr the envirnment. 5 they buy a prduct, they ask questins like these: “Will this shamp damage the envirnment?” “Can this metal cntainer be 6 r can it nly be used nce?”
A recent study shwed that tw 7 five adults nw cnsider the envirnmental safety f a prduct befre they buy it. This means that cmpanies must nw change the 8 they make and sell their prducts t make sure that they are “green,” that is, friendly t the envirnment.
Only a few years ag, it was impssible t find green prducts in supermarkets, but nw there are hundreds. Sme supermarket prducts 9 labels t shw that the prduct is green. Sme cmpanies emphasize that their prducts are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling 10 .
The 11 fr a safer and cleaner envirnment is making cmpanies rethink 12 they d business. N lnger will the public accept the ld 13 f “Buy it, use it, thrw it away and frget it.” The public 14 is still here, and cmpanies are 15 their act gradually.
1. A. partB. lackC. ltsD. varieties
2. A. applied tB. cntributed tC. expsed tD. devted t
3. A. pssibilityB. chanceC. resultD. effect
4. A. TherefreB. FurthermreC. SimilarlyD. Hwever
5. A. AfterB. ThughC. BefreD. Unless
6. A. reusedB. safeC. friendlyD. returned
7. A. fB. nC. frmD. ut f
8. A. rhymeB. wayC. sectinD. branch
9. A. carryB. takeC. includeD. make
10. A. advantageB. techniqueC. pintD. attractin
11. A. cncernB. hpeC. careD. plan
12. A. whatB. hwC. whetherD. when
13. A. sayingB. trustC. attitudeD. fashin
14. A. pressureB. pleasureC. discussinD. interest
15. A. enlargingB. sharingC. cleaningD. imprving
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了公众环保理念的变化导致生产者愿意生产出绿色产品。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果之一就是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器，而这些都很难处理掉。A. pssibility可能；B. chance机会； C. result结果； D. effect效果。根据“millins f tns f glass, paper, plastic, and metal cntainers are prduced, and these are difficult t get rid f”可知，粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求的结果之一是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器。故选C。
技巧三：逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
【题型诠释】
对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。
解决此类问题时，学生应精读短文，分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。2)语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
【典例3】(2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测)
It’s that time again when we’re busy buying and giving them. Smetimes we call them 1 , smetimes presents. Is there a 2 ?
The wrds cme frm different 3 . Gift has its rigin in the Germanic rt fr “t give”. It referred t an act f 4 , and then, t the thing being given. Present cmes frm the French fr “t present”. A present is the thing presented. They were bth used t express the 5 f smething ging thrugh a change f 6 withut expectatin f payment frm the 13th century nward.
The wrds gift and present are well-matched synnyms that mean almst the same thing. 7 , even well-matched synnyms have their wn unique patterns f 8 . Gift applies t a wide range f situatins. Presents are mre 9 . If yur whle family gave 10 t yur cllege fund fr yur birthday, wuld yu say “I gt a lt f presents”? It desn’t exactly sund 11 , but since yu never hld these dnatins in yur hand, gifts seem t fit better.
Gift can als act like an adjective t describe anther nun. What d yu call the type f shp where yu can buy presents fr peple? A gift shp. Present desn’t wrk well in this rle f 12 ther nuns. We have gift bxes and gift cards, nt present bxes and present cards.
Still, 13 my persnal sense f the 14 , present—thugh it may nt be as cmmn—is mre casual sunding than gift. But whether it’s gifts r presents yu 15 , I wish yu many and lts this year.
1. A. giftsB. awardsC. friendsD. families
2. A. mistakeB. differenceC. planD. prmise
3. A. gamesB. striesC. situatinsD. languages
4. A. givingB. speakingC. leavingD. listening
5. A. dreamB. chanceC. adviceD. idea
6. A. pssessinB. attitudeC. clrsD. decisins
7. A. TherefreB. MreverC. HweverD. Otherwise
8. A. behavirB. useC. spellingD. develpment
9. A. transparentB. cncreteC. psitiveD. public
10. A. thanksB. attentinC. dnatinsD. discunts
11. A. wrngB. easyC. unluckyD. cl
12. A. explainingB. crrectingC. analyzingD. describing
13. A. because fB. accrding tC. in spite fD. in additin t
14. A. actinsB. eventsC. wrdsD. directins
15. A. rderB. fferC. makeD. prefer
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了gift和present这两个单词的不同之处。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，即使是非常匹配的同义词也有其独特的使用模式。A. Therefre因此；B. Mrever此外；C. Hwever 然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据下文“even well-matched synnyms have their wn unique patterns(即使是非常匹配的同义词也有其独特的模式)”可知，此处上文之间是转折关系，所以用Hwever表示转折关系符合语境。故选C项。
高考练场
技巧一：利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
(2019•新课标全国卷I)
Every year abut 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain in Africa. They 41 with them lts f waste. The 42 might damage the beauty f the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the 43 f Kilimanjar.
Hearing these stries, I’m 44 abut the place — ther destinatins are described as “purer” natural experiences.
Hwever, I sn 45 that much has changed since the days f disturbing reprts f 46 amng tns f rubbish. I find a 47 muntain, with tilets at camps and alng the paths. The envirnmental challenges are 48 but the effrts made by the Tanzania Natinal Park Authrity seem t be 49 .
The best f a Kilimanjar 50 , in my pinin, isn’t reaching the tp. Muntains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident n Kilimanjar as 53 g thrugh five ecsystems (生态系统) in the space f a few kilmeters. At the base is a rainfrest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands f lw grwing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — lw cluds envelpe the muntainsides, which are cvered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades f green frm where I stand. Abve 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel (砾石), stnes and rcks. 58 yu climb int an arctic-like zne with 59 snw and the glaciers that may sn disappear.
Des Kilimanjar 60 its reputatin as a crwded muntain with lines f turists ruining the atmsphere f peace? I fund the ppsite t be true.
41. A. keepB. mixC. cnnectD. bring
42. A. striesB. buildingsC. crwdsD. reprters
43. A. psitinB. ageC. faceD. name
44. A. silentB. skepticalC. seriusD. crazy
45. A. discverB. argueC. decideD. advcate
46. A. equipmentB. grassC. campsD. stnes
47. A. remteB. quietC. allD. clean
48. A. newB. specialC. significantD. necessary
49. A. paying ffB. spreading utC. blwing upD. fading away
50. A. atmsphereB. experienceC. experimentD. sight
51. A. studiedB. bservedC. explredD. regarded
52. A. viewB. qualityC. reasnD. purpse
53. A. scientistsB. climbersC. lcalsD. fficials
54. A. hlding n tB. ging back tC. living up tD. giving way t
55. A. changesB. clearsC. imprvesD. permits
56. A. matchB. imagineC. cuntD. add
57. A. villageB. desertC. radD. lake
58. A. ObviuslyB. EasilyC. CnsequentlyD. Finally
59. A. permanentB. littleC. freshD. artificial
60. A. enjyB. deserveC. saveD. acquire
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
41. D 考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. cnnect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lts f waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
技巧二：关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
(2022•全国乙卷)
Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek. Fr them, there’s smething highly exciting abut 41 smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever, we all witness that preschl children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies 43 .
Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was 44 as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur 45 research results in child develpmental psychlgy 46 that idea.
We brught yung children aged 2-4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC. Each 27 sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r 48 . We then asked the child if she culd 49 r hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they culdn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult cvered her wn muth: 51 children said that they culdn’t 52 t her.
A number f 53 ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects 54 the questins and knew 55 what was asked f them. Their 56 t the questins reflected their true 57 that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd 60 when thers use it.
41. A. fllwing B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. expsed B. examined C. untuched D. imbalanced
44. A. supprted B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappinting B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. cnfirmed C. cntradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. dctr
48. A. feet B. nse C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fl
50. A. event B. thing C. actin D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Nw C. Sn D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructins B. descriptins C. experiments D. assumptins
54. A. cmprehended B. predicted C. explred D. ignred
55. A. partly B. hnestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. respnses B. appraches C. cntributin D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpse
58. A. hld back B. relate t C. insist n D. make up
59. A. limitatins B. requirements C. theries D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. hnestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked f them. Their 56 t the questins reflected their true 57 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
技巧三：逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
(2014•新课标全国卷I)
The small twn f Rjukan in Nrway is situated between several muntains and des nt get direct sunlight frm late September t mid-March-- 41 six mnths ut f the year.
“Of curse, we 42 it when the sun is shining,” says Karin R, wh wrks fr the twn’s turism ffice. “We see the sky is 43 , but dwn in the valley it’s darker — it’s like n a 44 day.”
But that 45 when a system f high-tech 46 was intrduced t reflect sunlight frm neighbring peaks (山峰) int the valley belw. Wednesday, residents (居民) f Rjukan 47 their very first ray f winter sunshine: A rw f reflective bards n a nearby muntainside were put t 48 . The mirrrs are cntrlled by a cmputer that 49 them t turn alng with the sun thrughut the 50 and t clse during windy weather. They reflect a cncentrated beam (束) f light nt the twn’s central 51 , creating an area f sunlight rughly 600 square meters. When the light 52 , Rjukan residents gathered tgether.
“Peple have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 f each ther,” R says. “The twn square was ttally 55 . I think almst all the peple in the twn were there.” The 3,500 residents cannt all 56 the sunshine at the same time. 57 , the new light feels like mre than enugh fr the twn’s 58 residents.
“It’s nt very 59 ,” she says, “but it is enugh when we are 60 .”
41. A. nly B. bviusly C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. ntice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cludy B. nrmal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. cmputers B. telescpes C. mirrrs D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. frecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. frbids B. directs C. predicts D. fllws
50. A. day B. night C. mnth D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stpped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. ntes C. care D. hld
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. blck B. avid C. enjy D. stre
57. A. Instead B. Hwever C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-lving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cld D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. D
【导语】本文属于说明文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
51.C 考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The twn square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
名校模拟
(1)
(2023上·山东青岛·高三青岛二中校考阶段练习) This year, hundreds f peple arund the wrld are applying fr a desired jb t run the “Penguin Pst Office”, the wrld’s mst remte pst ffice. The 1 is based in Antarctica, and ne f its key 2 is the ability t cunt penguins.
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 3 fur pstmen t live n the island frm Nvember t March. 4 at Prt Lckry n Gudier Island, the “Penguin Pst Office” is an almst 80-year-ld British-wned building which is rughly the size f a ftball pitch. It is ppulated by hundreds f penguins and 5 as a museum. Althugh emplyees each have unique 6 , they are cperatively respnsible fr preserving the histric place and catering t the thusands f turists. The staff is als 7 wildlife mnitring and envirnmental data cllectin.
Applicants are warned there’s nt much time fr relaxatin and rest. Still, the jb is highly 8 . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds f 9 annually fr the pst. The candidates are mainly 10 t the pst ffice, bth fr its histry and its scientific significance. Lucy Drman succeeded in applying fr the 2019-2020 seasn. It was a real 11 fr her. “Even thugh the jb can be hard at times, there’s a real sense f cmmunity. Yu’ve gt t 12 , because yu can’t get away frm each ther very easily. I really lve that srt f 13 ,” she said. “Besides that, what yu can achieve here is 14 . The ttal experience ffers bth a different 15 twards the wrld and a new viewpint n yur functin n the planet.”
1. A. centreB. aimC. psitinD. unit
2. A. eventsB. characteristicsC. virtuesD. requirements
3. A. persuadesB. instructsC. encuragesD. hires
4. A. SetB. SeparatedC. LcatedD. Pinted
5. A. servesB. transfrmsC. turnsD. survives
6. A. tastesB. rlesC. talentsD. backgrunds
7. A. in favr fB. in need fC. in pssessin fD. in charge f
8. A. paidB. welcmeC. challengingD. respectable
9. A. prfessinsB. reactinsC. applicatinsD. rientatins
10. A. invitedB. devtedC. drawnD. cntributed
11. A. lessnB. jyC. effrtD. shck
12. A. get alngB. shw ffC. break thrughD. give in
13. A. lnelinessB. eagernessC. lsenessD. tgetherness
14. A. cnsistentB. ptentialC. rewardingD. demanding
15. A. entranceB. attitudeC. answerD. intrductin
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（2023上·山东青岛·高三山东省青岛第五十八中学校考阶段练习）Gumah, grwing up in Zanzibar, an island ff the cast f Tanzania, was awarded the Nbel Prize in Literature n Thursday.
He is the first Black writer t 1 the prize since Tni Mrrisn in 1993, and sme bservers saw his 2 as a lng delayed crrective (矫正) after years f Eurpean and American Nbel laureates (获得者). In his 10 nvels, Gurnah has ften explred the 3 f exile (流放), identity and belnging. They 4 “Memry f Departure” “Pilgrims Way” and “Dttie”, which all deal with the immigrant experience in Britain.
Gurnah’s first language is Swahili, but he 5 English as his literary language. He drew n the imagery and stries frm the Quran, 6 frm Arabic and Persian petry, particularly “The Arabian Nights”. The news f Gumah’s Nbel 7 by fellw nvelists and academics wh have lng argued that his 8 deserve a wider audience.
Gumah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw 9 f Tanzania, in 1948. Then, in 1964, he fled t England. 10 , pr; hmesick, he began t write scraps (片段) in his diary, then 11 entries, then stries abut ther peple. In his 20s, he started 12 fictin. Then he finished his first nvel, “Memry f Departure”, abut a yung man wh flees a failed uprising, at the same time he was writing his Ph. D. dissertatin (论文). 13 , he became a prfessr f English.
Thugh Gurnah hasn’t lived in Tanzania since he was a 14 , his hmeland always inspires him f his imaginatin, 15 , he said “my hmeland always asserts myself in my imaginatin, even when I deliberately try t set my stries elsewhere”.
1. A. receiveB. cnfirmC. searchD. appreciate
2. A. sectinB. selectinC. cllectinD. cnsultatin
3. A. themesB. pininsC. passagesD. suggestins
4. A. expldeB. cncludeC. prvideD. include
5. A. advisedB. adaptedC. adptedD. affected
6. A. as much asB. as lng asC. as ften asD. as well as
7. A. was awardedB. was discussedC. was celebratedD. was suspected
8. A. jbsB. wrksC. labrsD. careers
9. A. partB. nameC. hmeD. cuntry
10. A. AdmirableB. RespectableC. FashinableD. Miserable
11. A. higherB. lngerC. strngerD. heavier
12. A. readingB. hearingC. writingD. watching
13. A. AfterwardsB. FrwardsC. BackwardsD. Frntwards
14. A. writerB. teenagerC. schlarD. prfessr
15. A. As a resultB. At the same timeC. On the ther handD. In his wn wrd
(3)
（2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测）Mre than anything, this is a bk abut uncnditinal lve—a bnd between a caring wman and a lyal dg.
Harley’s Harlequin Heart written by Christy Jaeger and 1 thrugh the narratin (叙述) f Harley, shws why the pwer f lve can vercme the 2 that is part f every life jurney.
Harley takes us alng n all his 3 with his wner Jaeger — frm grwing up, being trained, t ging t dg shws. Then ne day, Harley is diagnsed with bne cancer. Frtunately, there’s enugh time t explre 4 . “Jaeger tld me everyne has a sixth sense, which 5 them when smething’s nt right. Lking back, I’m glad she paid attentin t her 6 warning.”
Thrugh surgery, this smart dg 7 . It isn’t easy and he tells us abut his pain and fears. But chances f 8 lk prmising. After this experience, Harley 9 realizes that when smene has cancer, the entire family will 10 . Hwever, all the peple playing a part in the prcess frm an unbreakable cnnectin.
Harley’s 11 with cancer might cncern adults cnsidering reading this bk with their children. But Jaeger prvides such a psitive perspective that there is s much mre reasn t 12 this bk. Besides, it helps greatly that the bk has a 13 ending.
As Jaeger ntes, “The bk spreads lve t us. This small element can be 14 in the human and animal wrlds.” Lve can defeat all. That 15 culdn’t be any clearer than in this wnderful bk.
1. A. explainedB. presentedC. designedD. included
2. A. misfrtuneB. uneaseC. incnvenienceD. discmfrt
3. A. packagesB. dreamsC. burdensD. adventures
4. A. mysteriesB. prblemsC. curesD. challenges
5. A. frbidsB. hitsC. infrmsD. warns
6. A. activeB. innerC. usefulD. sudden
7. A. pushes thrughB. bends dwnC. cheers upD. gets ff
8. A. successB. recveryC. victryD. survival
9. A. inncentlyB. autmaticallyC. graduallyD. accidentally
10. A. sufferB. behaveC. perfrmD. delay
11. A. cmpetingB. battlingC. cntinuingD. mixing
12. A. pssessB. clseC. shareD. print
13. A. sadB. happyC. ridiculusD. unusual
14. A. decisiveB. lgicalC. attractiveD. influential
15. A. meaningB. principleC. messageD. expressin
(4)
(2023上·湖南长沙·高三周南中学校考开学考试) The Black Death: bubnic plague
In Octber f 1347, several Italian merchant ships returned frm a trip t the Black Sea. When the ships dcked in Sicily, many f thse 1 bard were already dying f a plague. Within days, the 2 disease spread t the city and the surrunding cuntryside. An eyewitness tells what happened:
“Realizing what a terrifying 3 had cme, fathers abandned their sick sns; 4 refused t cme and make ut wills fr the dying. N ne cmes t 5 them except friars (修士) and nuns left t care fr the sick, and the buildings where they stayed were sn 6 . Bdies were left in 7 huses withut being given a Christian burial.”
The disease struck and killed peple with 8 speed. The Italian writer Bccacci said the 9 ften “ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestrs in paradise.”
By the fllwing August, the plague had 10 as far nrth as England. A terrible killer was 11 acrss Eurpe, but peple at that time had nthing t fight against it.
Plague causes reactin and a painful swelling f the lymph glands (淋巴结) called bubes (腹股沟淋巴结炎), which is hw it gets its name. The disease als causes spts n the skin, red at first and then black.
In winter the disease seemed t 12 , but nly because fleas (跳蚤), helping t carry it frm persn t persn, were in 13 then. Each spring, the plague 14 again, killing new victims. After five years, 25 millin, abut ne-third f the ppulatin in Eurpe, were killed.
Even when the wrst was ver, smehw smaller utbreaks cntinued, nt just fr years, but fr centuries. The 15 lived in cnstant fear f the plague’s return, and the disease didn’t disappear until the 1600s.
1. A. besideB. nC. beyndD. beneath
2. A. livelyB. likelyC. latelyD. deadly
3. A. drughtB. disasterC. challengeD. war
4. A. dctrsB. nursesC. fficialsD. lawyers
5. A. defendB. rescueC. chargedD. appreciated
6. A. desertedB. cleanedC. sldD. disinfected
7. A. distantB. militaryC. emptyD. frzen
8. A. limitedB. prperC. mdernD. scary
9. A. authrityB. victimsC. fleasD. designers
10. A. spreadB. cnductedC. indicatedD. invlved
11. A. sufficientB. ddC. lseD. unbearable
12. A. exprtB. eruptC. surviveD. disappear
13. A. sleepB. varietyC. returnD. extinctin
14. A. exitedB. attackedC. imprtedD. published
15. A. blwersB. scientistsC. survivrsD. gvernments
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（2023·湖南·长郡中学校考三模）The habit f reading is ne f the greatest resurces f mankind: we enjy reading bks that belng t us much mre than if they are brrwed. Sme peple regard a brrwed bk as a 1 in the huse. It must be treated with care and cnsiderate 2 . Casual attitudes are frbidden. Because the bk is brrwed it tlerates n damage which means it must nt suffer while 3 . While reading the bk, yu are nt allwed t make any mark r underline the imprtant 4 when a flash f creative idea emerge. This is huge 5 t ne’s imaginatin.
6 , yur wn bks belng t yu and yu can treat them with s much clseness that yu are nt afraid t mark it up r t place it in a dirty place. Yur wn bks are there fr use, nt fr 7 . Yu dn’t need t display them in frnt f thers. Private wnership als encurages 8 marking. A gd reasn fr marking instructive passages in bks is that this practice enables yu t remember mre easily the significant sayings, t 9 them quickly and then review them mre frequently in the future.
Given the imprtance f wned bks t a man, everyne shuld begin cllecting a private library, making up his wn 10 prperty. One shuld have his wn bkshelves, which shuld nt be having drs, glass windws, r keys. They shuld be free and 11 t the hand as well as the eye. Like the jewellery t a wman, the best mral 12 t a man is bks. They are mre varied in clur and appearance than any wall-paper. Their variety indicates 13 ut f brains f different bk writers. The knwledge that bks are in plain view is als stimulating. Yur bdy and mind are bth 14 . With bks at hand, yur mind is free t land any 15 r even strange pssibility, which eventually gives birth t new discveries r inventins.
1. A. teacherB. guestC. relativeD. servant
2. A. maintenanceB. reslutinC. frmalityD. structure
3. A. under yur rfB. n yur behalfC. beynd yur reachD. within yur grasp
4. A. trendsB. galsC. definitinsD. pints
5. A. disciplineB. discuragementC. reliefD. reminder
6. A. On the ther handB. In resultC. MeanwhileD. Furthermre
7. A. benefitB. prfitC. shwD. excuse
8. A. meaningfulB. secndaryC. sufficientD. tugh
9. A. stick tB. refer tC. devte tD. adapt t
10. A. imaginativeB. ecnmicC. intellectualD. public
11. A. familiarB. effectiveC. flexibleD. accessible
12. A. decratinB. truthC. trainingD. expense
13. A. simplicityB. creativityC. experimentD. life
14. A. cnsciusB. calmC. wildD. excited
15. A. purpsefulB. resurcefulC. freshD. memrable
参考答案与解析
(1)答案
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人，在那里员工不仅要收集环境数据和检测野生动物，还要负责数企鹅。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位位于南极洲，其关键要求之一是能够计算企鹅数量。A. centre中心；B. aim目的；C. psitin职位；D. unit单位。根据上文“hundreds f peple arund the wrld are applying fr a desired jb t run the “Penguin Pst Office””可知，此处表示该职位是在南极洲，故选C项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位位于南极洲，其关键要求之一是能够计算企鹅数量。A. events事件；B. characteristics特点；C. virtues美德；D. requirements要求。根据下文“is the ability t cunt penguins”可知，此处表示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅，故选D项。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年11月至3月，英国南极遗产信托基金会雇用四名邮递员住在岛上。A. persuades劝说；B. instructs指示；C. encurages鼓励；D. hires聘用。根据上文“applying fr a desired jb”中的jb和下文中的emplyee可知，此处表示聘用四名邮递员，故选D项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“企鹅邮局”位于古迪尔岛的洛克罗伊港，是一座拥有近80年历史的英国建筑，大约有一个足球场那么大。A. Set设置；B. Separated分离；C. Lcated定位；D. Pinted指出。根据下文“at Prt Lckry n Gudier Island”可知，此处是在表述企鹅邮局的位置，故选C项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它居住着数百只企鹅，并作为博物馆。A. serves服务；B. transfrm转换；C. turns转换；D. survives生存。根据下文“as a museum”可知，企鹅邮局是作为博物馆，serve as为固定短语，表示“用作，充当”，故选A项，
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史名胜并迎合成千上万的游客。A. tastes品味；B. rles角色；C. talents人才；D. backgrunds背景。根据下文“they are cperatively respnsible fr preserving the histric place and catering t the thusands f turists”此处表示员工各司其职，每个人都有自己的角色。故选B项。
7. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：工作人员还负责野生动物监测和环境数据收集。A. in favr f赞成；B. in need f需要；C. in pssessin f占有；D. in charge f负责。根据空前“als”可知，空处应与前面的“respnsible fr(负责)”含义上接近，故选D项。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，这份工作还是非常受欢迎的。A. paid付费的；B. welcme受欢迎的；C. challenging具有挑战性的；D. respectable受人尊敬的。根据上文“here’s nt much time fr relaxatin and rest.”结合“Still”可知，虽然这份工作没多少放松和休息的时间，但仍然很抢手，受到了人们的欢迎。故选B项。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国南极遗产信托基金每年都会收到数百份申请。A. prfessins专业；B. reactins反应；C. applicatins申请；D. rientatins方向。根据上文“Still, the jb is highly 8 .”可知该工作很受欢迎，结合“gets hundreds f 9 annually fr the pst.”可知，收到数百份申请，故选C项。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：候选人主要被邮局所吸引，无论是因为它的历史还是它的科学意义。A. invited邀请；B. devted奉献；C. drawn吸引；D. cntributed贡献。根据下文“bth fr its histry and its scientific significance.”可知，是邮局的历史和科学意义吸引了候选人，故选C项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对她来说是一种真正的快乐。A. lessn教训；B. jy快乐，喜悦；C. effrt努力；D. shck震惊。根据上文“Lucy Drman succeeded in applying fr the 2019-2020 seasn.”可知，Lucy Drman申请成功了，结合下文“I really lve”可知，此处表示对她来说，获得这个职位让她很开心，故选B项。
12. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你得与人和睦相处，因为你们不能轻易离开对方。A. get alng相处；B. shw ff炫耀；C. break thrugh突破；D. give in让步；根据上文“a real sense f cmmunity”和下文“yu can’t get away frm each ther very easily.”可知，此处表示你得与人和睦相处，故选A项。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的很喜欢这种亲密无间，”她说。A. lneliness寂寞；B. eagerness急切；C. lseness松弛；D. tgetherness亲密无间。根据上文“a real sense f cmmunity”和“yu can’t get away frm each ther very easily.”可知，此处表示Lucy Drman喜欢那种亲密无间，故选D项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除此之外，你在这里能取得的成就是有益的。A. cnsistent始终如一的；B. ptential有潜力的；C. rewarding有意义的，有益的；D. demanding高要求的，苛刻的。根据下文“The ttal experience ffers bth a different 15 twards the wrld and a new viewpint n yur functin n the planet.”可知，此处表示你再这里获得的东西是有益的，故选C项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个经历会让你产生对世界的不同看法以及你在这个星球上的职责的新观点。A. entrance入口；B. attitude态度，看法；C. answer回答；D. intrductin介绍。根据“ a new viewpint n yur functin n the planet.”可知，整个经历会让你产生对世界的不同看法，故选B项。
(2)答案
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2021年度诺贝尔文学奖获得者，坦桑尼亚作家古尔纳(Gurnah)的生平及作品。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳是自1993年托妮·莫里森(Tni Mrrisn)以来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人作家，一些观察人士认为，多年来诺贝尔奖的获得者都是欧洲人和美国人，古尔纳的入选是一种拖延已久的（对此现象的）纠正。A. receive得到，收到；B. cnfirm确认；C. search搜查；D. appreciate欣赏。根据第一段“Gurnah, grwing up in Zanzibar, an island ff the cast f Tanzania, was awarded the Nbel Prize in Literature n Thursday.（古尔纳在坦桑尼亚海岸附近的桑给巴尔岛长大，周四被授予诺贝尔文学奖）”可知，古尔纳被授予诺贝尔文学奖，所以他“收到”奖了。故选A项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳是自1993年托妮·莫里森以来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人作家，一些观察人士认为，多年来诺贝尔奖的获得者都是欧洲人和美国人，古尔纳的入选是一种拖延已久的（对此现象的）纠正。A. sectin部分，部门；B. selectin选择；C. cllectin收藏品；D. cnsultatin咨询。根据后句“as a lng delayed crrective(矫正) after years f Eurpean and American Nbel laureates(获得者)（作为欧洲和美国诺贝尔奖得主多年后姗姗来迟的纠正）”可知，诺贝尔文学奖的甄选委员“选择”古尔纳为诺贝尔文学奖的获得者。故选B项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他的10部小说中，古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题。A. themes主题；B. pinins意见；C. passages段落；D. suggestins建议。根据下文“They __4__“Memry f Departure” “Pilgrims Way” and “Dttie”, which all deal with the immigrant (移民) experience in Britain.（其中包括《朝圣之路》和《多蒂》，都是关于在英国的移民经历）”可知，古尔纳的作品，包括《离开的记忆》，《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》，都是围绕移在英国的移民经历而展开，即以流亡、身份和归属感为“主题”。故选A项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们包括《离开的记忆》，《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》，这些作品都是围绕移在英国的移民经历而展开。A. explde爆炸；B. cnclude总结；C. prvide提供；D. include包括。根据前文“In his 10 nvels, Gurnah has ften explred the __3__ f exile (流放)，identity and belnging.（在他的10部小说中，古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题）”可知，古尔纳有10个作品，其中“包括”这三个。故选D项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳的第一语言是斯瓦希里语，但他采用英语作为他的文学语言。A. advised建议；B. adapted适应；C. adpted采用；D. affected影响。根据第四段第一句“Gurnah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw __9__ f Tanzania, in 1948.（古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分）”可知，桑给巴尔当年是英国殖民地，可以推知，古尔纳少年时在国内接受的就是英语教育。且根据下文“__13__, he became a prfessr f English.（后来，他成了一名英语教授）”可知，古尔纳是英语教授，他能“采用”英语搞创作。故选C项。
6. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他借鉴了《古兰经》中的意象和故事，以及阿拉伯和波斯诗歌（的意向和故事），尤其是《一千零一夜》。A. as much as多达；B. as lng as只要，和……一样长；C. as ften as尽可能经常；D. as well as而且，和。根据后句“frm Arabic and Persian petry, particularly “The Arabian Nights”.（ 来自阿拉伯和波斯诗歌，特别是《一千零一夜》）”可知，他的作品中有《古兰经》和阿拉伯和波斯诗歌的元素。故选D项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖的消息受到了小说家同行和学者们的庆祝，他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者。A. was awarded颁发；B. was discussed讨论；C. was celebrated庆祝；D. was suspected怀疑。根据后句“by fellw nvelists and academics wh have lng argued that his __8__ deserve a wider audience.（他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者）”，小说家同行和学者们一直认为古尔纳的小说就是好，值得推广，所以古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖，值得庆贺一下。故选C项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖的消息受到了小说家同行和学者们的庆祝，他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者。A. jbs工作；B. wrks作品，工厂；C. labrs任务，工作；D. careers 职业，事业。根据后句“deserve a wider audience.（应该有更多的观众。）”可知，读者阅读的是“wrks”，意为“作品”。故填B项。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分。A. part部分；B. name名称；C. hme家；D. cuntry国家。可知，短语“part f ”，意为“……的一部分”。故选A项。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事。A. Admirable令人钦佩的；B. Respectable可敬的；C. Fashinable时髦的；D. Miserable悲惨的。根据并列词汇“pr”和“hmesick”，设空处应该也是表消极性、负面的词汇。故选D项。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事。A. higher更高的； B. lnger更长的；C. strnger更强的；D. heavier 更重的。根据上句“he began t write scraps(片段) in his diary,（他开始在日记里写零零碎碎的东西）”以及“then stries abut ther peple.（然后是其他人的故事）”可知，古尔纳的写作是一步步培养的，先零碎片段，接着“长一点”的简短记录，接着再长一点的真人真事。故选B项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：20多岁时，他开始写小说。A. reading阅读；B. hearing听力；C. writing写作；D. watching观察。根据上文“__10__, pr, hmesick, he began t write scraps（片段）in his diary, then __11__ entries, then stries abut ther peple.（悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事）”可知，“write”为复现词。根据语境可知，古尔纳的写作是一步步培养的，先零碎片段，接着“长一点”的简短记录，接着再长一点的真人真事，然后“写”虚构小说。故选C项。
13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，他成了英语教授。A. Afterwards然后；B. Frwards向前；C. Backwards向后；D. Frntwards向前。根据上句“In his 20s, he started __12__ fictin. Then he finished his first nvel, “Memry f Departure,” abut a yung man wh flees a failed uprising, at the same time he was writing his Ph. D. dissertatin(论文).（20多岁时，他开始写小说。然后他完成了他的第一部小说《离别的记忆》，讲述了一个年轻人从失败的起义中逃离的故事，同时他还在写他的博士论文）”，本段介绍了古尔纳的文学创作的发展过程，有明显的时间顺序。故选A项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管古尔纳从青少年起，就没有在坦桑尼亚生活过，但是他的祖国总是激发他的想象力。A. writer作家；B. teenager青少年；C. schlar学者；D. prfessr教授。根据第四段“Gurnah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw __9__ f Tanzania, in 1948. Then, in 1964, he fled t England.（古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分。1964年，他逃到英国）”可知，16岁时，古尔纳离开了坦桑尼亚，逃难到英国，就没回坦桑尼亚去生活过。故选B项。
15. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他说:“我的祖国总是在我的想象中维护我自己，即使我故意把我的故事放在别的地方”。A. As a result结果；B. At the same time同时；C. On the ther hand另一方面；D. In his wn wrd用他自己的话。根据语境，这句话是古尔纳对上文“his hmeland always inspires him f his imaginatin（他的祖国总是激发他的想象力）”的诠释，以说明他的小说中时时处处有着他的祖国的影子。故选D项。
(3)答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写的《哈利的丑角之心》这本书的书评。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：《哈利的丑角之心》由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写，通过哈利的叙述呈现，展示了为什么爱的力量可以克服每一次生命旅程中的不幸。A. explained解释；B. presented呈现；C. designed设计；D. included包括。根据“shws why the pwer f lve can vercme the 2 that is part f every life jurney.”可知，空处表示通过哈利的叙述呈现出一个道理。故选B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. misfrtune不幸；B. unease不安；C. incnvenience不便；D. discmfrt不适。根据“Then ne day, Harley is diagnsed with bne cancer.”可知，Harley的生命旅程中遭遇了不幸。故选A。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险——从成长，接受训练，到参加狗展。A. packages包裹；B. dreams梦想；C. burdens负担；D. adventures冒险。根据“frm grwing up, being trained, t ging t dg shws.”可知，此处表示哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险。故选D。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们有足够的时间来探索治疗方法。A. mysteries神秘的事物；B. prblems问题；C. cures治疗；D. challenges挑战。根据“Harley is diagnsed with bne cancer.”和“Frtunately”可知，有足够的时间探索治疗方法。故选C。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：耶格告诉我，每个人都有第六感，当事情不对劲时，它会发出警告。A. frbids禁止；B. hits打击；C. infrms通知；D. warns警告。根据“I’m glad she paid attentin t her 6 warning.”可知，第六感会发出警告。故选D。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我很高兴她注意到了内心的警告。A. active积极的；B. inner内心的；C. useful有用的；D. sudden突然的。根据“everyne has a sixth sense, which 5 them when smething’s nt right.”可知，此处表示内心的警告。故选B。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过手术，这只聪明的狗狗成功了。A. pushes thrugh排除困难办好某事；B. bends dwn弯腰；C. cheers up使高兴起来；D. gets ff下车。根据“Frtunately, there’s enugh time t explre 4 .”可知，通过手术，狗狗成功度过了难关。故选A。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但恢复的机会看起来很有希望。A. success成功；B. recvery恢复；C. victry胜利；D. survival生存。根据上文“It isn’t easy and he tells us abut his pain and fears.”和“but”可知，上下文形成转折关系，上文提到“这并不容易，他告诉我们他的痛苦和恐惧。”下文则表示“恢复的机会看起来很有希望”。故选B。
9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到影响。A. inncently天真地；B. autmatically自动地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. accidentally偶然地。根据“After this experience”可知，经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到影响。故选C。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suffer遭受；B. behave表现；C. perfrm表演；D. delay推迟。根据“when smene has cancer”可知，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会遭受影响。故选A。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈利与癌症的斗争可能会引起成年人的关注，他们会考虑和孩子一起读这本书。A. cmpeting竞争；B. battling斗争；C. cntinuing继续；D. mixing融合。根据“Harley is diagnsed with bne cancer.”可知，此处指哈利与癌症斗争。故选B。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但耶格提供了如此积极的视角，这本书更值得分享。A. pssess拥有；B. clse关闭；C. share分享；D. print打印。根据“But Jaeger prvides such a psitive perspective”可知，此处评价这本书值得分享。故选C。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，这本书有一个快乐的结局也很有帮助。A. sad难过的；B. happy高兴的；C. ridiculus荒唐的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据“Thrugh surgery, this smart dg 7 ”可知，狗狗被治愈了，因此这本书有一个快乐的结局。故选B。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如耶格所指出的，“这本书向我们传播了爱。这个小小的元素可以影响人类和动物世界。”A. decisive决定性的；B. lgical符合逻辑的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. influential有影响的。根据“Lve can defeat all.”可知，爱这个元素可以影响人类和动物世界。故选D。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这本精彩的书中，这个信息再清楚不过了。A. meaning意义；B. principle原则；C. message信息；D. expressin表达。根据“Lve can defeat all.”可知，这本书传达爱能够战胜一切这个信息。故选C。
(4)答案
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了历史上夺走无数欧洲人生命的黑死病。
1. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：船只停靠在西西里岛时，船上的许多人已经死于瘟疫。A. beside在……旁边；B. n在……上；C. beynd超越；D. beneath在……之下。根据下文“Within days, the __2__ disease spread t the city and the surrunding cuntryside.”可知，几天后这种疾病蔓延到城市，由此可知，最初疾病是发生在船上，并夺走了船上很多人的生命。故选B。
2. 考查形容词或副词词义辨析。句意：几天之内，这种致命的疾病蔓延到城市和周围的农村。A. lively活泼的，令人兴奋的；B. likely有可能的；C. lately近来；D. deadly很、致命的。根据上文“many f thse __1__ bard were already dying f a plague.”可知，这种疾病已经夺走了很多人的生命，由此可知，这种疾病是致命的。故选D。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：意识到可怕的灾难降临了，父亲们抛弃了生病的儿子；律师拒绝来为死者立遗嘱。A. drught干旱；B. disaster灾难；C. challenge挑战；D. war战争。根据上文内容可知，这种疾病已经蔓延到城市和周围的农村，再根据下文内容“fathers abandned their sick sns; __4__ refused t cme and make ut wills fr the dying. N ne cmes t __5__ them except friars (修士) and nuns left t care fr the sick, and the buildings where they stayed were sn __6__.”可知，这是一场灾难。故选B。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：意识到可怕的灾难降临了，父亲们抛弃了生病的儿子；律师拒绝来为死者立遗嘱。A. dctrs医生；B. nurses护士；C. fficials工作人员；D. lawyers律师。根据下文“make ut wills fr the dying.”可知，空处指的是能立遗嘱的人，根据常理可知，空处指的是律师。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人来救他们，除了修士和修女留下来照顾病人，他们住的房子很快就被遗弃了。A. defend辩护；B. rescue挽救；C. charged要价、控告；D. appreciated感激、欣赏。根据下文的“except friars(修士) and nuns left t care fr the sick”可知，空处指的是没有人来救他们，只有修士修女留下了照顾病人。故选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人来救他们，除了修士和修女留下来照顾病人，他们住的房子很快就被遗弃了。A. deserted遗弃；B. cleaned清理；C. sld卖；D. disinfected消毒。根据上文“N ne cmes t 5 them except friars (修士) and nuns left t care fr the sick”可知，能走的人都走了，由此可推断，房子都被遗弃了。故选A。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尸体被遗弃在空房子里，没有得到基督教的葬礼。A. distant遥远的；B. military军事的；C. empty空的；D. frzen冰冻的。根据上文“the buildings where they stayed were sn __6__.”可知，这些房子被遗弃了，能走的人都走了，由此可知，这些房子都是空的。故选C。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种疾病以可怕的速度袭击并夺走人们的生命。A. limited有限的；B. prper恰当的；C. mdern现代化的；D. scary令人害怕的。根据下文“The Italian writer Bccacci said the __9__ ften “ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestrs in paradise.””可知，这种疾病蔓延的速度非常快，也就是可怕的速度。故选D。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：意大利作家薄伽丘说，受害者经常“与朋友共进午餐，与天堂里的祖先共进晚餐”。A. authrity权威；B. victims受害者；C. fleas跳蚤；D. designers设计者。根据下文“ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestrs in paradise.”可知，空处指的是受害者或者说是感染该疾病导致死亡的遇难者。故选B。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到次年的8月，瘟疫已经远远向北蔓延到英格兰。A. spread传播；B. cnducted实施；C. indicated表明、暗示；D. invlved涉及。根据空后的“as far nrth as England.”可知，疾病已经蔓延到英格兰。故选A。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个可怕的杀手在欧洲四处游荡，但当时人们没有办法与之对抗。A. sufficient足够的；B. dd古怪的；C. lse宽松的、放任的；D. unbearable难以忍受的。根据下文“but peple at that time had nthing t fight against it.”可知，黑死病在欧洲肆意妄为，人们对它的蔓延毫无办法。故选C。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，这种疾病似乎消失了，但这只是因为帮助它在人与人之间传播的跳蚤在睡眠中。A. exprt出口；B. erupt爆发；C. survive存活；D. disappear消失。根据下文“but nly because fleas(跳蚤), helping t carry it frm persn t persn, were in __13__ then.”可知，冬季跳蚤冬眠了，所以不再传播该疾病，所以该疾病似乎消失了。故选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，这种疾病似乎消失了，但这只是因为帮助它在人与人之间传播的跳蚤在睡眠中。A. sleep睡眠；B. variety种类；C. return返回；D. extinctin消失。根据上文内容可知，在冬季，这种疾病似乎消失了，由此可推断，在冬季，跳蚤冬眠了，也就是在睡眠中。故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年春天，瘟疫再次袭击，造成新的受害者。A. exited离开，退场；B. attacked袭击；C. imprted进口；D. published出版。根据上文可知，在冬季跳蚤冬眠无法传播疾病；根据常理推测，春天到来，跳蚤醒来，必然会继续传播疾病，所以春天到来时，瘟疫会再次袭来。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸存者生活在持续的瘟疫归来的恐惧之中，这种疾病直到17世纪才消失。A. blwers吹风机；B. scientists科学家；C. survivrs幸存者；D. gvernments政府。根据下文“lived in cnstant fear f the plague’s return”可知，空处的人害怕瘟疫的回归，由此可推测，空处指的是经历过瘟疫而幸存下来的人。故选C。
(5)答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。阅读的习惯是人类最伟大的资源之一，我们喜欢读那些属于我们自己的书，而不是借来的书。文章主要说明了如何对待借来的书和自己的书，以及阅读的一些益处。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人把借来的书当作家里的客人。A. teacher老师； B. guest客人； C. relative亲戚；D. servant仆人。根据“It must be treated with care and cnsiderate ”可知，对待借来的书就好像它是客人，故选B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它必须以谨慎和彬彬有礼地对待。A. maintenance维护；B. reslutin决议；C. frmality正式性，礼节；D. structure结构。根据“Casual attitudes are frbidden.”可知，此处指用谨慎和彬彬有礼来对待借来的书。故选C。
3. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为这本书是借来的，所以它不能损坏，这意味着它在你的家里不能受到损害。A. under yur rf在你的屋檐下； B. n yur behalf 代表你；C. beynd yur reach你无法企及；D. within yur grasp你的掌握之中。根据“Sme peple regard a brrwed bk as a 1 in the huse. ”可知，借来的书不允许在你家里被损坏。故选A。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在阅读本书的过程中，当你灵光乍现时，你不允许在要点上做任何标记或划下下划线。A. trends趋势；B. gals目标；C. definitins定义；D. pints点。根据“make any mark r underline the imprtant ”可知，是在要点下划线，故选D。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对一个人的想象力是巨大的阻止。A. discipline纪律；B. discuragement阻止、挫折；C. relief缓解；D. reminder提醒。根据“t ne’s imaginatin.”并结合上文说借来的书不能在上面做标记可知，不能做标记画要点是对想象力的阻止，故选B。
6. 考查短语和副词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，你自己的书属于你，你可以如此亲密地对待它们，你不怕在它上面做标记或把它放在一个肮脏的地方。A. On the ther hand另一方面；B. In result结果；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Furthermre而且。上文陈述如何对待借来的书，本段讲如何对待自己的书，因此这是另一方面的问题。故选A。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你自己的书是用来使用的，不是用来炫耀的。你不需要在别人面前展示它们。A. benefit好处；B. prfit利润；C. shw展示；D. excuse借口。根据“Yur wn bks are there fr use”可知，自己的书不是用来炫耀的，故选C。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拥有书也鼓励有意义的标记。A. meaningful有意义的；B. secndary其次的；C. sufficient充足的；D. tugh艰难的。根据“A gd reasn fr marking”可知，自己的书上可以做有意义的标记，故选A。
9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在书中标记有教育意义的段落的一个很好的理由是，这种做法可以让你更容易地记住重要的谚语，更快地查阅，然后在将来更频繁地复习它们。A. stick t坚持；B. refer t查阅；C. devte t致力于；D. adapt t适应。根据“enables yu t remember mre easily the significant sayings”可知，书中的标记可以让你快速查阅，故选B。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鉴于拥有的书对一个人的重要性，每个人都应该开始收集一个私人图书馆，构成他自己的知识财产。A. imaginative有想象力的；B. ecnmic经济的；C. intellectual智力的、知识的；D. public公开的。根据“ shuld begin cllecting a private library”可知，书是知识财产，故选C。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们应该是自由的，手和眼睛都可以接触到。A. familiar熟悉的；B. effective有效的；C. flexible灵活的；D. accessible可达到的。根据“which shuld nt be having drs, glass windws, r keys. ”可知，书架应该是容易接触到，故选D。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像珠宝之于女人一样，书籍是男人最好的道德装饰。A. decratin装饰；B. truth事实；C. training训练；D. expense花费。根据“Like the jewellery t a wman,”可知，书对于男人来说是道德装饰，故选A。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的多样性表明了不同作家大脑的创造力。A. simplicity简洁；B. creativity创造力；C. experiment实验；D. life人生。根据“Their variety indicates”可知，作家创造力使书籍多样性，故选B。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的身心都是兴奋的。A. cnscius有意识的；B. calm平静的；C. wild野的；D. excited兴奋的。根据“With bks at hand, yur mind is free t land any 15 r even strange pssibility, which eventually gives birth t new discveries r inventins.”可知，有书，你的身心是兴奋的，故选D。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了书在手，你的大脑就可以自由地思考任何新鲜甚至奇怪的可能性，最终产生新的发现或发明。A. purpseful有明确目标的；B. resurceful足智多谋的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. memrable难忘的。根据“r even strange pssibility”可知，有了属于自己的书，你的大脑是自由的，这样可以产生很多新的想法。故选C。卷别
体裁
题材
词数
动词(短语)
名词
形容词
副词
介词
连词
2023新高考I卷
记叙文
越野赛经历
225
7
7
1
0
0
0
2023新高考II卷
记叙文
帮狗狗与主人团聚
209
7
3
4
1
0
0
2023全国甲卷
记叙文
不能以外表来判断食物
249
9
4
6
0
1
0
2023全国乙卷
记叙文
美国体操运动员Duglas
244
12
3
4
1
0
0
2022新高考I卷
记叙文
宿营的乐趣
218
5
5
3
1
1
0
2022新高考II卷
记叙文
新型旅行方式
209
5
6
4
0
0
0
2022全国甲卷
记叙文
因狗结缘
277
8
7
1
3
0
0
2022全国乙卷
说明文
玩捉迷藏
261
7
7
4
2
0
0
2021新高考I卷
记叙文
我的故事
230
9
4
2
0
0
0
2021新高考II卷
记叙文
警察成功破案
192
7
7
1
0
0
0
2021全国甲卷
记叙文
入住经历
242
10
5
4
1
0
0
2021全国乙卷
夹叙夹议
表达感谢
261
10
7
1
2
0
0
2020全国卷I
记叙文
不要说谎
251
6
8
3
2
1
0
2020全国卷II
记叙文
名画真迹
287
11
4
3
2
0
0
2020全国卷III
记叙文
难对付的顾客
265
8
3
6
1
2
0
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。它所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。
说明文类的完形填空的特征如下：
1.文章多用现在时态 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述 说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。
3.文章主题明确，层次分明 说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
技巧归纳
技巧一：利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
【题型诠释】
在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。另外弄清楚说明的顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
【典例1】(2023上·江苏·高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考阶段练习)
Girls are better at reading and writing than bys as early as furth grade, accrding t a study, and the gap cntinues t widen until senir year.
Scientists generally agree that bys and girls are psychlgically mre alike than they are different. But reading seems t be a(n) 1 , with grwing evidence suggesting a similar 2 in writing. The study, published in the jurnal American Psychlgist, prvided further 3 t supprt this view.
David Reilly, lead authr f the study, said the study 4 the cmmnly held view that bys and girls start grade schl with the same cgnitive abilities. “It appears that the gender gap fr writing tasks has been greatly 5 , and despite ur best effrts with changes in teaching methds, that des nt appear t be 6 ver time,” he said.
Factrs explaining the results culd include learning 7 being mre prevalent amng bys; the pressure t cnfrm t masculine (男子汉的) ideals and the idea f reading and language being feminine (女性的); and slight 8 in hw bys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球), the authrs believe.
T investigate hw 9 levels differed between bys and girls in the U.S., the team studied data cllected ver three decades in the Natinal Assessment f Educatinal Prgress. This database f test scres n ver 3 millin students in the furth, eighth, and twelfth grades 10 natinal and state perfrmances in a range f subjects, and cnsidered such variables such as disabilities r whether children were English learners. Reading and writing was 11 accrding t children’s understanding f a range f different passages and genres.
12 , girls were fund t perfrm significantly better in reading and writing tests by furth grade when cmpared with bys f the same age. As children prgressed t eighth and twelfth grades, girls cntinued t 13 bys, but the difference was mre nticeable in writing than reading. But what caused this difference in abilities? Evidence suggests 14 prblems, such as being disruptive（扰乱性的）in class r being aggressive culd be linked t neurlgical cnditins. What is knwn as lateralizatin (偏侧化) culd als play a rle. Bys are believed t use ne hemisphere when reading r writing, while girls appear t use bth. The data did nt, hwever, prvide evidence t argue 15 the tw genders having different learning styles.
1. A. distinctinB. exceptinC. bjectinD. limitatin
2. A. patternB. standardC. circumstanceD. feature
3. A. strategyB. signalC. signD. evidence
4. A. cnfirmedB. representedC. questinedD. intrduced
5. A. underestimatedB. veremphasizedC. underrepresentedD. justified
6. A. increasingB. prmtingC. acceptingD. reducing
7. A. bjectivesB. drillsC. difficultiesD. advantages
8. A. cntributinsB. differencesC. cmmunicatinsD. similarities
9. A. literacyB. literaryC. academicD. cgnitive
10. A. pulled dwnB. settled dwnC. turned dwnD. brke dwn
11. A. grantedB. measuredC. designedD. engineered
12. A. LikewiseB. OverallC. HweverD. Besides
13. A. vertakeB. discurageC. parallelD. distinguish
14. A. psychlgicalB. emtinalC. behaviralD. mental
15. A. in line withB. at the mercy fC. n accunt fD. in favr f
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要通过研究表明相比男孩，女孩的阅读和写作能力更佳，并分析了产生这种现象可能的原因。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但阅读似乎是个例外，越来越多的证据表明，写作也有类似的模式。A. distinctin 差别；区别；B. exceptin 例外；C. bjectin 发对；D. limitatin 限制。上文“Scientists generally agree that bys and girls are psychlgically mre alike than they are different. (科学家们普遍认为，男孩和女孩是很相似的)”此句与上句转折，说明此处要表达的是男孩与女孩不相似的的方面——阅读，也就是说阅读是一个例外，故选B。
技巧二：关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
【题型诠释】
说明文十分讲究条理性，常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等）和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等）。通过它们来说明事物或事理。
为了清楚、条理地说明事物，作者通常会使用列举等各种方法来说明顺序和步骤，考生需要格外注意这些线索和走势。
【典例2】(2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测)
Many cities arund the wrld tday are heavily plluted. Careless methds f prductin and 1 f cnsumer demands fr envirnment friendly prducts have 2 the pllutin prblem. One 3 is that millins f tns f glass, paper, plastic, and metal cntainers are prduced, and these are difficult t get rid f.
4 , tday, mre and mre cnsumers are chsing “green” and demanding that the prducts they buy shuld be safe fr the envirnment. 5 they buy a prduct, they ask questins like these: “Will this shamp damage the envirnment?” “Can this metal cntainer be 6 r can it nly be used nce?”
A recent study shwed that tw 7 five adults nw cnsider the envirnmental safety f a prduct befre they buy it. This means that cmpanies must nw change the 8 they make and sell their prducts t make sure that they are “green,” that is, friendly t the envirnment.
Only a few years ag, it was impssible t find green prducts in supermarkets, but nw there are hundreds. Sme supermarket prducts 9 labels t shw that the prduct is green. Sme cmpanies emphasize that their prducts are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling 10 .
The 11 fr a safer and cleaner envirnment is making cmpanies rethink 12 they d business. N lnger will the public accept the ld 13 f “Buy it, use it, thrw it away and frget it.” The public 14 is still here, and cmpanies are 15 their act gradually.
1. A. partB. lackC. ltsD. varieties
2. A. applied tB. cntributed tC. expsed tD. devted t
3. A. pssibilityB. chanceC. resultD. effect
4. A. TherefreB. FurthermreC. SimilarlyD. Hwever
5. A. AfterB. ThughC. BefreD. Unless
6. A. reusedB. safeC. friendlyD. returned
7. A. fB. nC. frmD. ut f
8. A. rhymeB. wayC. sectinD. branch
9. A. carryB. takeC. includeD. make
10. A. advantageB. techniqueC. pintD. attractin
11. A. cncernB. hpeC. careD. plan
12. A. whatB. hwC. whetherD. when
13. A. sayingB. trustC. attitudeD. fashin
14. A. pressureB. pleasureC. discussinD. interest
15. A. enlargingB. sharingC. cleaningD. imprving
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了公众环保理念的变化导致生产者愿意生产出绿色产品。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果之一就是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器，而这些都很难处理掉。A. pssibility可能；B. chance机会； C. result结果； D. effect效果。根据“millins f tns f glass, paper, plastic, and metal cntainers are prduced, and these are difficult t get rid f”可知，粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求的结果之一是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器。故选C。
技巧三：逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
【题型诠释】
对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。
解决此类问题时，学生应精读短文，分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。2)语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
【典例3】(2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测)
It’s that time again when we’re busy buying and giving them. Smetimes we call them 1 , smetimes presents. Is there a 2 ?
The wrds cme frm different 3 . Gift has its rigin in the Germanic rt fr “t give”. It referred t an act f 4 , and then, t the thing being given. Present cmes frm the French fr “t present”. A present is the thing presented. They were bth used t express the 5 f smething ging thrugh a change f 6 withut expectatin f payment frm the 13th century nward.
The wrds gift and present are well-matched synnyms that mean almst the same thing. 7 , even well-matched synnyms have their wn unique patterns f 8 . Gift applies t a wide range f situatins. Presents are mre 9 . If yur whle family gave 10 t yur cllege fund fr yur birthday, wuld yu say “I gt a lt f presents”? It desn’t exactly sund 11 , but since yu never hld these dnatins in yur hand, gifts seem t fit better.
Gift can als act like an adjective t describe anther nun. What d yu call the type f shp where yu can buy presents fr peple? A gift shp. Present desn’t wrk well in this rle f 12 ther nuns. We have gift bxes and gift cards, nt present bxes and present cards.
Still, 13 my persnal sense f the 14 , present—thugh it may nt be as cmmn—is mre casual sunding than gift. But whether it’s gifts r presents yu 15 , I wish yu many and lts this year.
1. A. giftsB. awardsC. friendsD. families
2. A. mistakeB. differenceC. planD. prmise
3. A. gamesB. striesC. situatinsD. languages
4. A. givingB. speakingC. leavingD. listening
5. A. dreamB. chanceC. adviceD. idea
6. A. pssessinB. attitudeC. clrsD. decisins
7. A. TherefreB. MreverC. HweverD. Otherwise
8. A. behavirB. useC. spellingD. develpment
9. A. transparentB. cncreteC. psitiveD. public
10. A. thanksB. attentinC. dnatinsD. discunts
11. A. wrngB. easyC. unluckyD. cl
12. A. explainingB. crrectingC. analyzingD. describing
13. A. because fB. accrding tC. in spite fD. in additin t
14. A. actinsB. eventsC. wrdsD. directins
15. A. rderB. fferC. makeD. prefer
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了gift和present这两个单词的不同之处。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，即使是非常匹配的同义词也有其独特的使用模式。A. Therefre因此；B. Mrever此外；C. Hwever 然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据下文“even well-matched synnyms have their wn unique patterns(即使是非常匹配的同义词也有其独特的模式)”可知，此处上文之间是转折关系，所以用Hwever表示转折关系符合语境。故选C项。
高考练场
技巧一：利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
(2019•新课标全国卷I)
Every year abut 40,000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain in Africa. They 41 with them lts f waste. The 42 might damage the beauty f the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the 43 f Kilimanjar.
Hearing these stries, I’m 44 abut the place — ther destinatins are described as “purer” natural experiences.
Hwever, I sn 45 that much has changed since the days f disturbing reprts f 46 amng tns f rubbish. I find a 47 muntain, with tilets at camps and alng the paths. The envirnmental challenges are 48 but the effrts made by the Tanzania Natinal Park Authrity seem t be 49 .
The best f a Kilimanjar 50 , in my pinin, isn’t reaching the tp. Muntains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident n Kilimanjar as 53 g thrugh five ecsystems (生态系统) in the space f a few kilmeters. At the base is a rainfrest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands f lw grwing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — lw cluds envelpe the muntainsides, which are cvered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades f green frm where I stand. Abve 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel (砾石), stnes and rcks. 58 yu climb int an arctic-like zne with 59 snw and the glaciers that may sn disappear.
Des Kilimanjar 60 its reputatin as a crwded muntain with lines f turists ruining the atmsphere f peace? I fund the ppsite t be true.
41. A. keepB. mixC. cnnectD. bring
42. A. striesB. buildingsC. crwdsD. reprters
43. A. psitinB. ageC. faceD. name
44. A. silentB. skepticalC. seriusD. crazy
45. A. discverB. argueC. decideD. advcate
46. A. equipmentB. grassC. campsD. stnes
47. A. remteB. quietC. allD. clean
48. A. newB. specialC. significantD. necessary
49. A. paying ffB. spreading utC. blwing upD. fading away
50. A. atmsphereB. experienceC. experimentD. sight
51. A. studiedB. bservedC. explredD. regarded
52. A. viewB. qualityC. reasnD. purpse
53. A. scientistsB. climbersC. lcalsD. fficials
54. A. hlding n tB. ging back tC. living up tD. giving way t
55. A. changesB. clearsC. imprvesD. permits
56. A. matchB. imagineC. cuntD. add
57. A. villageB. desertC. radD. lake
58. A. ObviuslyB. EasilyC. CnsequentlyD. Finally
59. A. permanentB. littleC. freshD. artificial
60. A. enjyB. deserveC. saveD. acquire
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
41. D 考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. cnnect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lts f waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
技巧二：关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
(2022•全国乙卷)
Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek. Fr them, there’s smething highly exciting abut 41 smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever, we all witness that preschl children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies 43 .
Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was 44 as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur 45 research results in child develpmental psychlgy 46 that idea.
We brught yung children aged 2-4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC. Each 27 sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r 48 . We then asked the child if she culd 49 r hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they culdn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult cvered her wn muth: 51 children said that they culdn’t 52 t her.
A number f 53 ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects 54 the questins and knew 55 what was asked f them. Their 56 t the questins reflected their true 57 that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd 60 when thers use it.
41. A. fllwing B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. expsed B. examined C. untuched D. imbalanced
44. A. supprted B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappinting B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. cnfirmed C. cntradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. dctr
48. A. feet B. nse C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fl
50. A. event B. thing C. actin D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Nw C. Sn D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructins B. descriptins C. experiments D. assumptins
54. A. cmprehended B. predicted C. explred D. ignred
55. A. partly B. hnestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. respnses B. appraches C. cntributin D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpse
58. A. hld back B. relate t C. insist n D. make up
59. A. limitatins B. requirements C. theries D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. hnestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked f them. Their 56 t the questins reflected their true 57 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
技巧三：逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
(2014•新课标全国卷I)
The small twn f Rjukan in Nrway is situated between several muntains and des nt get direct sunlight frm late September t mid-March-- 41 six mnths ut f the year.
“Of curse, we 42 it when the sun is shining,” says Karin R, wh wrks fr the twn’s turism ffice. “We see the sky is 43 , but dwn in the valley it’s darker — it’s like n a 44 day.”
But that 45 when a system f high-tech 46 was intrduced t reflect sunlight frm neighbring peaks (山峰) int the valley belw. Wednesday, residents (居民) f Rjukan 47 their very first ray f winter sunshine: A rw f reflective bards n a nearby muntainside were put t 48 . The mirrrs are cntrlled by a cmputer that 49 them t turn alng with the sun thrughut the 50 and t clse during windy weather. They reflect a cncentrated beam (束) f light nt the twn’s central 51 , creating an area f sunlight rughly 600 square meters. When the light 52 , Rjukan residents gathered tgether.
“Peple have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 f each ther,” R says. “The twn square was ttally 55 . I think almst all the peple in the twn were there.” The 3,500 residents cannt all 56 the sunshine at the same time. 57 , the new light feels like mre than enugh fr the twn’s 58 residents.
“It’s nt very 59 ,” she says, “but it is enugh when we are 60 .”
41. A. nly B. bviusly C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. ntice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cludy B. nrmal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. cmputers B. telescpes C. mirrrs D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. frecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. frbids B. directs C. predicts D. fllws
50. A. day B. night C. mnth D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stpped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. ntes C. care D. hld
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
56. A. blck B. avid C. enjy D. stre
57. A. Instead B. Hwever C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-lving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cld D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. D
【导语】本文属于说明文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
51.C 考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The twn square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
名校模拟
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(2023上·山东青岛·高三青岛二中校考阶段练习) This year, hundreds f peple arund the wrld are applying fr a desired jb t run the “Penguin Pst Office”, the wrld’s mst remte pst ffice. The 1 is based in Antarctica, and ne f its key 2 is the ability t cunt penguins.
Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 3 fur pstmen t live n the island frm Nvember t March. 4 at Prt Lckry n Gudier Island, the “Penguin Pst Office” is an almst 80-year-ld British-wned building which is rughly the size f a ftball pitch. It is ppulated by hundreds f penguins and 5 as a museum. Althugh emplyees each have unique 6 , they are cperatively respnsible fr preserving the histric place and catering t the thusands f turists. The staff is als 7 wildlife mnitring and envirnmental data cllectin.
Applicants are warned there’s nt much time fr relaxatin and rest. Still, the jb is highly 8 . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds f 9 annually fr the pst. The candidates are mainly 10 t the pst ffice, bth fr its histry and its scientific significance. Lucy Drman succeeded in applying fr the 2019-2020 seasn. It was a real 11 fr her. “Even thugh the jb can be hard at times, there’s a real sense f cmmunity. Yu’ve gt t 12 , because yu can’t get away frm each ther very easily. I really lve that srt f 13 ,” she said. “Besides that, what yu can achieve here is 14 . The ttal experience ffers bth a different 15 twards the wrld and a new viewpint n yur functin n the planet.”
1. A. centreB. aimC. psitinD. unit
2. A. eventsB. characteristicsC. virtuesD. requirements
3. A. persuadesB. instructsC. encuragesD. hires
4. A. SetB. SeparatedC. LcatedD. Pinted
5. A. servesB. transfrmsC. turnsD. survives
6. A. tastesB. rlesC. talentsD. backgrunds
7. A. in favr fB. in need fC. in pssessin fD. in charge f
8. A. paidB. welcmeC. challengingD. respectable
9. A. prfessinsB. reactinsC. applicatinsD. rientatins
10. A. invitedB. devtedC. drawnD. cntributed
11. A. lessnB. jyC. effrtD. shck
12. A. get alngB. shw ffC. break thrughD. give in
13. A. lnelinessB. eagernessC. lsenessD. tgetherness
14. A. cnsistentB. ptentialC. rewardingD. demanding
15. A. entranceB. attitudeC. answerD. intrductin
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（2023上·山东青岛·高三山东省青岛第五十八中学校考阶段练习）Gumah, grwing up in Zanzibar, an island ff the cast f Tanzania, was awarded the Nbel Prize in Literature n Thursday.
He is the first Black writer t 1 the prize since Tni Mrrisn in 1993, and sme bservers saw his 2 as a lng delayed crrective (矫正) after years f Eurpean and American Nbel laureates (获得者). In his 10 nvels, Gurnah has ften explred the 3 f exile (流放), identity and belnging. They 4 “Memry f Departure” “Pilgrims Way” and “Dttie”, which all deal with the immigrant experience in Britain.
Gurnah’s first language is Swahili, but he 5 English as his literary language. He drew n the imagery and stries frm the Quran, 6 frm Arabic and Persian petry, particularly “The Arabian Nights”. The news f Gumah’s Nbel 7 by fellw nvelists and academics wh have lng argued that his 8 deserve a wider audience.
Gumah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw 9 f Tanzania, in 1948. Then, in 1964, he fled t England. 10 , pr; hmesick, he began t write scraps (片段) in his diary, then 11 entries, then stries abut ther peple. In his 20s, he started 12 fictin. Then he finished his first nvel, “Memry f Departure”, abut a yung man wh flees a failed uprising, at the same time he was writing his Ph. D. dissertatin (论文). 13 , he became a prfessr f English.
Thugh Gurnah hasn’t lived in Tanzania since he was a 14 , his hmeland always inspires him f his imaginatin, 15 , he said “my hmeland always asserts myself in my imaginatin, even when I deliberately try t set my stries elsewhere”.
1. A. receiveB. cnfirmC. searchD. appreciate
2. A. sectinB. selectinC. cllectinD. cnsultatin
3. A. themesB. pininsC. passagesD. suggestins
4. A. expldeB. cncludeC. prvideD. include
5. A. advisedB. adaptedC. adptedD. affected
6. A. as much asB. as lng asC. as ften asD. as well as
7. A. was awardedB. was discussedC. was celebratedD. was suspected
8. A. jbsB. wrksC. labrsD. careers
9. A. partB. nameC. hmeD. cuntry
10. A. AdmirableB. RespectableC. FashinableD. Miserable
11. A. higherB. lngerC. strngerD. heavier
12. A. readingB. hearingC. writingD. watching
13. A. AfterwardsB. FrwardsC. BackwardsD. Frntwards
14. A. writerB. teenagerC. schlarD. prfessr
15. A. As a resultB. At the same timeC. On the ther handD. In his wn wrd
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（2023·湖北武汉·湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测）Mre than anything, this is a bk abut uncnditinal lve—a bnd between a caring wman and a lyal dg.
Harley’s Harlequin Heart written by Christy Jaeger and 1 thrugh the narratin (叙述) f Harley, shws why the pwer f lve can vercme the 2 that is part f every life jurney.
Harley takes us alng n all his 3 with his wner Jaeger — frm grwing up, being trained, t ging t dg shws. Then ne day, Harley is diagnsed with bne cancer. Frtunately, there’s enugh time t explre 4 . “Jaeger tld me everyne has a sixth sense, which 5 them when smething’s nt right. Lking back, I’m glad she paid attentin t her 6 warning.”
Thrugh surgery, this smart dg 7 . It isn’t easy and he tells us abut his pain and fears. But chances f 8 lk prmising. After this experience, Harley 9 realizes that when smene has cancer, the entire family will 10 . Hwever, all the peple playing a part in the prcess frm an unbreakable cnnectin.
Harley’s 11 with cancer might cncern adults cnsidering reading this bk with their children. But Jaeger prvides such a psitive perspective that there is s much mre reasn t 12 this bk. Besides, it helps greatly that the bk has a 13 ending.
As Jaeger ntes, “The bk spreads lve t us. This small element can be 14 in the human and animal wrlds.” Lve can defeat all. That 15 culdn’t be any clearer than in this wnderful bk.
1. A. explainedB. presentedC. designedD. included
2. A. misfrtuneB. uneaseC. incnvenienceD. discmfrt
3. A. packagesB. dreamsC. burdensD. adventures
4. A. mysteriesB. prblemsC. curesD. challenges
5. A. frbidsB. hitsC. infrmsD. warns
6. A. activeB. innerC. usefulD. sudden
7. A. pushes thrughB. bends dwnC. cheers upD. gets ff
8. A. successB. recveryC. victryD. survival
9. A. inncentlyB. autmaticallyC. graduallyD. accidentally
10. A. sufferB. behaveC. perfrmD. delay
11. A. cmpetingB. battlingC. cntinuingD. mixing
12. A. pssessB. clseC. shareD. print
13. A. sadB. happyC. ridiculusD. unusual
14. A. decisiveB. lgicalC. attractiveD. influential
15. A. meaningB. principleC. messageD. expressin
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(2023上·湖南长沙·高三周南中学校考开学考试) The Black Death: bubnic plague
In Octber f 1347, several Italian merchant ships returned frm a trip t the Black Sea. When the ships dcked in Sicily, many f thse 1 bard were already dying f a plague. Within days, the 2 disease spread t the city and the surrunding cuntryside. An eyewitness tells what happened:
“Realizing what a terrifying 3 had cme, fathers abandned their sick sns; 4 refused t cme and make ut wills fr the dying. N ne cmes t 5 them except friars (修士) and nuns left t care fr the sick, and the buildings where they stayed were sn 6 . Bdies were left in 7 huses withut being given a Christian burial.”
The disease struck and killed peple with 8 speed. The Italian writer Bccacci said the 9 ften “ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestrs in paradise.”
By the fllwing August, the plague had 10 as far nrth as England. A terrible killer was 11 acrss Eurpe, but peple at that time had nthing t fight against it.
Plague causes reactin and a painful swelling f the lymph glands (淋巴结) called bubes (腹股沟淋巴结炎), which is hw it gets its name. The disease als causes spts n the skin, red at first and then black.
In winter the disease seemed t 12 , but nly because fleas (跳蚤), helping t carry it frm persn t persn, were in 13 then. Each spring, the plague 14 again, killing new victims. After five years, 25 millin, abut ne-third f the ppulatin in Eurpe, were killed.
Even when the wrst was ver, smehw smaller utbreaks cntinued, nt just fr years, but fr centuries. The 15 lived in cnstant fear f the plague’s return, and the disease didn’t disappear until the 1600s.
1. A. besideB. nC. beyndD. beneath
2. A. livelyB. likelyC. latelyD. deadly
3. A. drughtB. disasterC. challengeD. war
4. A. dctrsB. nursesC. fficialsD. lawyers
5. A. defendB. rescueC. chargedD. appreciated
6. A. desertedB. cleanedC. sldD. disinfected
7. A. distantB. militaryC. emptyD. frzen
8. A. limitedB. prperC. mdernD. scary
9. A. authrityB. victimsC. fleasD. designers
10. A. spreadB. cnductedC. indicatedD. invlved
11. A. sufficientB. ddC. lseD. unbearable
12. A. exprtB. eruptC. surviveD. disappear
13. A. sleepB. varietyC. returnD. extinctin
14. A. exitedB. attackedC. imprtedD. published
15. A. blwersB. scientistsC. survivrsD. gvernments
(5)
（2023·湖南·长郡中学校考三模）The habit f reading is ne f the greatest resurces f mankind: we enjy reading bks that belng t us much mre than if they are brrwed. Sme peple regard a brrwed bk as a 1 in the huse. It must be treated with care and cnsiderate 2 . Casual attitudes are frbidden. Because the bk is brrwed it tlerates n damage which means it must nt suffer while 3 . While reading the bk, yu are nt allwed t make any mark r underline the imprtant 4 when a flash f creative idea emerge. This is huge 5 t ne’s imaginatin.
6 , yur wn bks belng t yu and yu can treat them with s much clseness that yu are nt afraid t mark it up r t place it in a dirty place. Yur wn bks are there fr use, nt fr 7 . Yu dn’t need t display them in frnt f thers. Private wnership als encurages 8 marking. A gd reasn fr marking instructive passages in bks is that this practice enables yu t remember mre easily the significant sayings, t 9 them quickly and then review them mre frequently in the future.
Given the imprtance f wned bks t a man, everyne shuld begin cllecting a private library, making up his wn 10 prperty. One shuld have his wn bkshelves, which shuld nt be having drs, glass windws, r keys. They shuld be free and 11 t the hand as well as the eye. Like the jewellery t a wman, the best mral 12 t a man is bks. They are mre varied in clur and appearance than any wall-paper. Their variety indicates 13 ut f brains f different bk writers. The knwledge that bks are in plain view is als stimulating. Yur bdy and mind are bth 14 . With bks at hand, yur mind is free t land any 15 r even strange pssibility, which eventually gives birth t new discveries r inventins.
1. A. teacherB. guestC. relativeD. servant
2. A. maintenanceB. reslutinC. frmalityD. structure
3. A. under yur rfB. n yur behalfC. beynd yur reachD. within yur grasp
4. A. trendsB. galsC. definitinsD. pints
5. A. disciplineB. discuragementC. reliefD. reminder
6. A. On the ther handB. In resultC. MeanwhileD. Furthermre
7. A. benefitB. prfitC. shwD. excuse
8. A. meaningfulB. secndaryC. sufficientD. tugh
9. A. stick tB. refer tC. devte tD. adapt t
10. A. imaginativeB. ecnmicC. intellectualD. public
11. A. familiarB. effectiveC. flexibleD. accessible
12. A. decratinB. truthC. trainingD. expense
13. A. simplicityB. creativityC. experimentD. life
14. A. cnsciusB. calmC. wildD. excited
15. A. purpsefulB. resurcefulC. freshD. memrable
参考答案与解析
(1)答案
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人，在那里员工不仅要收集环境数据和检测野生动物，还要负责数企鹅。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位位于南极洲，其关键要求之一是能够计算企鹅数量。A. centre中心；B. aim目的；C. psitin职位；D. unit单位。根据上文“hundreds f peple arund the wrld are applying fr a desired jb t run the “Penguin Pst Office””可知，此处表示该职位是在南极洲，故选C项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该职位位于南极洲，其关键要求之一是能够计算企鹅数量。A. events事件；B. characteristics特点；C. virtues美德；D. requirements要求。根据下文“is the ability t cunt penguins”可知，此处表示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅，故选D项。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年11月至3月，英国南极遗产信托基金会雇用四名邮递员住在岛上。A. persuades劝说；B. instructs指示；C. encurages鼓励；D. hires聘用。根据上文“applying fr a desired jb”中的jb和下文中的emplyee可知，此处表示聘用四名邮递员，故选D项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“企鹅邮局”位于古迪尔岛的洛克罗伊港，是一座拥有近80年历史的英国建筑，大约有一个足球场那么大。A. Set设置；B. Separated分离；C. Lcated定位；D. Pinted指出。根据下文“at Prt Lckry n Gudier Island”可知，此处是在表述企鹅邮局的位置，故选C项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它居住着数百只企鹅，并作为博物馆。A. serves服务；B. transfrm转换；C. turns转换；D. survives生存。根据下文“as a museum”可知，企鹅邮局是作为博物馆，serve as为固定短语，表示“用作，充当”，故选A项，
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个员工都有独特的角色，但他们合作负责保护历史名胜并迎合成千上万的游客。A. tastes品味；B. rles角色；C. talents人才；D. backgrunds背景。根据下文“they are cperatively respnsible fr preserving the histric place and catering t the thusands f turists”此处表示员工各司其职，每个人都有自己的角色。故选B项。
7. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：工作人员还负责野生动物监测和环境数据收集。A. in favr f赞成；B. in need f需要；C. in pssessin f占有；D. in charge f负责。根据空前“als”可知，空处应与前面的“respnsible fr(负责)”含义上接近，故选D项。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，这份工作还是非常受欢迎的。A. paid付费的；B. welcme受欢迎的；C. challenging具有挑战性的；D. respectable受人尊敬的。根据上文“here’s nt much time fr relaxatin and rest.”结合“Still”可知，虽然这份工作没多少放松和休息的时间，但仍然很抢手，受到了人们的欢迎。故选B项。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国南极遗产信托基金每年都会收到数百份申请。A. prfessins专业；B. reactins反应；C. applicatins申请；D. rientatins方向。根据上文“Still, the jb is highly 8 .”可知该工作很受欢迎，结合“gets hundreds f 9 annually fr the pst.”可知，收到数百份申请，故选C项。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：候选人主要被邮局所吸引，无论是因为它的历史还是它的科学意义。A. invited邀请；B. devted奉献；C. drawn吸引；D. cntributed贡献。根据下文“bth fr its histry and its scientific significance.”可知，是邮局的历史和科学意义吸引了候选人，故选C项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对她来说是一种真正的快乐。A. lessn教训；B. jy快乐，喜悦；C. effrt努力；D. shck震惊。根据上文“Lucy Drman succeeded in applying fr the 2019-2020 seasn.”可知，Lucy Drman申请成功了，结合下文“I really lve”可知，此处表示对她来说，获得这个职位让她很开心，故选B项。
12. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你得与人和睦相处，因为你们不能轻易离开对方。A. get alng相处；B. shw ff炫耀；C. break thrugh突破；D. give in让步；根据上文“a real sense f cmmunity”和下文“yu can’t get away frm each ther very easily.”可知，此处表示你得与人和睦相处，故选A项。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的很喜欢这种亲密无间，”她说。A. lneliness寂寞；B. eagerness急切；C. lseness松弛；D. tgetherness亲密无间。根据上文“a real sense f cmmunity”和“yu can’t get away frm each ther very easily.”可知，此处表示Lucy Drman喜欢那种亲密无间，故选D项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除此之外，你在这里能取得的成就是有益的。A. cnsistent始终如一的；B. ptential有潜力的；C. rewarding有意义的，有益的；D. demanding高要求的，苛刻的。根据下文“The ttal experience ffers bth a different 15 twards the wrld and a new viewpint n yur functin n the planet.”可知，此处表示你再这里获得的东西是有益的，故选C项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个经历会让你产生对世界的不同看法以及你在这个星球上的职责的新观点。A. entrance入口；B. attitude态度，看法；C. answer回答；D. intrductin介绍。根据“ a new viewpint n yur functin n the planet.”可知，整个经历会让你产生对世界的不同看法，故选B项。
(2)答案
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2021年度诺贝尔文学奖获得者，坦桑尼亚作家古尔纳(Gurnah)的生平及作品。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳是自1993年托妮·莫里森(Tni Mrrisn)以来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人作家，一些观察人士认为，多年来诺贝尔奖的获得者都是欧洲人和美国人，古尔纳的入选是一种拖延已久的（对此现象的）纠正。A. receive得到，收到；B. cnfirm确认；C. search搜查；D. appreciate欣赏。根据第一段“Gurnah, grwing up in Zanzibar, an island ff the cast f Tanzania, was awarded the Nbel Prize in Literature n Thursday.（古尔纳在坦桑尼亚海岸附近的桑给巴尔岛长大，周四被授予诺贝尔文学奖）”可知，古尔纳被授予诺贝尔文学奖，所以他“收到”奖了。故选A项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳是自1993年托妮·莫里森以来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人作家，一些观察人士认为，多年来诺贝尔奖的获得者都是欧洲人和美国人，古尔纳的入选是一种拖延已久的（对此现象的）纠正。A. sectin部分，部门；B. selectin选择；C. cllectin收藏品；D. cnsultatin咨询。根据后句“as a lng delayed crrective(矫正) after years f Eurpean and American Nbel laureates(获得者)（作为欧洲和美国诺贝尔奖得主多年后姗姗来迟的纠正）”可知，诺贝尔文学奖的甄选委员“选择”古尔纳为诺贝尔文学奖的获得者。故选B项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他的10部小说中，古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题。A. themes主题；B. pinins意见；C. passages段落；D. suggestins建议。根据下文“They __4__“Memry f Departure” “Pilgrims Way” and “Dttie”, which all deal with the immigrant (移民) experience in Britain.（其中包括《朝圣之路》和《多蒂》，都是关于在英国的移民经历）”可知，古尔纳的作品，包括《离开的记忆》，《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》，都是围绕移在英国的移民经历而展开，即以流亡、身份和归属感为“主题”。故选A项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们包括《离开的记忆》，《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》，这些作品都是围绕移在英国的移民经历而展开。A. explde爆炸；B. cnclude总结；C. prvide提供；D. include包括。根据前文“In his 10 nvels, Gurnah has ften explred the __3__ f exile (流放)，identity and belnging.（在他的10部小说中，古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题）”可知，古尔纳有10个作品，其中“包括”这三个。故选D项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳的第一语言是斯瓦希里语，但他采用英语作为他的文学语言。A. advised建议；B. adapted适应；C. adpted采用；D. affected影响。根据第四段第一句“Gurnah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw __9__ f Tanzania, in 1948.（古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分）”可知，桑给巴尔当年是英国殖民地，可以推知，古尔纳少年时在国内接受的就是英语教育。且根据下文“__13__, he became a prfessr f English.（后来，他成了一名英语教授）”可知，古尔纳是英语教授，他能“采用”英语搞创作。故选C项。
6. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他借鉴了《古兰经》中的意象和故事，以及阿拉伯和波斯诗歌（的意向和故事），尤其是《一千零一夜》。A. as much as多达；B. as lng as只要，和……一样长；C. as ften as尽可能经常；D. as well as而且，和。根据后句“frm Arabic and Persian petry, particularly “The Arabian Nights”.（ 来自阿拉伯和波斯诗歌，特别是《一千零一夜》）”可知，他的作品中有《古兰经》和阿拉伯和波斯诗歌的元素。故选D项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖的消息受到了小说家同行和学者们的庆祝，他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者。A. was awarded颁发；B. was discussed讨论；C. was celebrated庆祝；D. was suspected怀疑。根据后句“by fellw nvelists and academics wh have lng argued that his __8__ deserve a wider audience.（他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者）”，小说家同行和学者们一直认为古尔纳的小说就是好，值得推广，所以古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖，值得庆贺一下。故选C项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖的消息受到了小说家同行和学者们的庆祝，他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者。A. jbs工作；B. wrks作品，工厂；C. labrs任务，工作；D. careers 职业，事业。根据后句“deserve a wider audience.（应该有更多的观众。）”可知，读者阅读的是“wrks”，意为“作品”。故填B项。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分。A. part部分；B. name名称；C. hme家；D. cuntry国家。可知，短语“part f ”，意为“……的一部分”。故选A项。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事。A. Admirable令人钦佩的；B. Respectable可敬的；C. Fashinable时髦的；D. Miserable悲惨的。根据并列词汇“pr”和“hmesick”，设空处应该也是表消极性、负面的词汇。故选D项。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事。A. higher更高的； B. lnger更长的；C. strnger更强的；D. heavier 更重的。根据上句“he began t write scraps(片段) in his diary,（他开始在日记里写零零碎碎的东西）”以及“then stries abut ther peple.（然后是其他人的故事）”可知，古尔纳的写作是一步步培养的，先零碎片段，接着“长一点”的简短记录，接着再长一点的真人真事。故选B项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：20多岁时，他开始写小说。A. reading阅读；B. hearing听力；C. writing写作；D. watching观察。根据上文“__10__, pr, hmesick, he began t write scraps（片段）in his diary, then __11__ entries, then stries abut ther peple.（悲惨的，可怜的，想家，他开始在日记里写只言片语，然后写长一点的短记录，然后写他人的故事）”可知，“write”为复现词。根据语境可知，古尔纳的写作是一步步培养的，先零碎片段，接着“长一点”的简短记录，接着再长一点的真人真事，然后“写”虚构小说。故选C项。
13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，他成了英语教授。A. Afterwards然后；B. Frwards向前；C. Backwards向后；D. Frntwards向前。根据上句“In his 20s, he started __12__ fictin. Then he finished his first nvel, “Memry f Departure,” abut a yung man wh flees a failed uprising, at the same time he was writing his Ph. D. dissertatin(论文).（20多岁时，他开始写小说。然后他完成了他的第一部小说《离别的记忆》，讲述了一个年轻人从失败的起义中逃离的故事，同时他还在写他的博士论文）”，本段介绍了古尔纳的文学创作的发展过程，有明显的时间顺序。故选A项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管古尔纳从青少年起，就没有在坦桑尼亚生活过，但是他的祖国总是激发他的想象力。A. writer作家；B. teenager青少年；C. schlar学者；D. prfessr教授。根据第四段“Gurnah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw __9__ f Tanzania, in 1948. Then, in 1964, he fled t England.（古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分。1964年，他逃到英国）”可知，16岁时，古尔纳离开了坦桑尼亚，逃难到英国，就没回坦桑尼亚去生活过。故选B项。
15. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他说:“我的祖国总是在我的想象中维护我自己，即使我故意把我的故事放在别的地方”。A. As a result结果；B. At the same time同时；C. On the ther hand另一方面；D. In his wn wrd用他自己的话。根据语境，这句话是古尔纳对上文“his hmeland always inspires him f his imaginatin（他的祖国总是激发他的想象力）”的诠释，以说明他的小说中时时处处有着他的祖国的影子。故选D项。
(3)答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写的《哈利的丑角之心》这本书的书评。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：《哈利的丑角之心》由克里斯蒂·杰格(Christy Jaeger)撰写，通过哈利的叙述呈现，展示了为什么爱的力量可以克服每一次生命旅程中的不幸。A. explained解释；B. presented呈现；C. designed设计；D. included包括。根据“shws why the pwer f lve can vercme the 2 that is part f every life jurney.”可知，空处表示通过哈利的叙述呈现出一个道理。故选B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. misfrtune不幸；B. unease不安；C. incnvenience不便；D. discmfrt不适。根据“Then ne day, Harley is diagnsed with bne cancer.”可知，Harley的生命旅程中遭遇了不幸。故选A。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险——从成长，接受训练，到参加狗展。A. packages包裹；B. dreams梦想；C. burdens负担；D. adventures冒险。根据“frm grwing up, being trained, t ging t dg shws.”可知，此处表示哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险。故选D。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们有足够的时间来探索治疗方法。A. mysteries神秘的事物；B. prblems问题；C. cures治疗；D. challenges挑战。根据“Harley is diagnsed with bne cancer.”和“Frtunately”可知，有足够的时间探索治疗方法。故选C。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：耶格告诉我，每个人都有第六感，当事情不对劲时，它会发出警告。A. frbids禁止；B. hits打击；C. infrms通知；D. warns警告。根据“I’m glad she paid attentin t her 6 warning.”可知，第六感会发出警告。故选D。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我很高兴她注意到了内心的警告。A. active积极的；B. inner内心的；C. useful有用的；D. sudden突然的。根据“everyne has a sixth sense, which 5 them when smething’s nt right.”可知，此处表示内心的警告。故选B。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过手术，这只聪明的狗狗成功了。A. pushes thrugh排除困难办好某事；B. bends dwn弯腰；C. cheers up使高兴起来；D. gets ff下车。根据“Frtunately, there’s enugh time t explre 4 .”可知，通过手术，狗狗成功度过了难关。故选A。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但恢复的机会看起来很有希望。A. success成功；B. recvery恢复；C. victry胜利；D. survival生存。根据上文“It isn’t easy and he tells us abut his pain and fears.”和“but”可知，上下文形成转折关系，上文提到“这并不容易，他告诉我们他的痛苦和恐惧。”下文则表示“恢复的机会看起来很有希望”。故选B。
9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到影响。A. inncently天真地；B. autmatically自动地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. accidentally偶然地。根据“After this experience”可知，经过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到影响。故选C。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suffer遭受；B. behave表现；C. perfrm表演；D. delay推迟。根据“when smene has cancer”可知，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会遭受影响。故选A。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈利与癌症的斗争可能会引起成年人的关注，他们会考虑和孩子一起读这本书。A. cmpeting竞争；B. battling斗争；C. cntinuing继续；D. mixing融合。根据“Harley is diagnsed with bne cancer.”可知，此处指哈利与癌症斗争。故选B。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但耶格提供了如此积极的视角，这本书更值得分享。A. pssess拥有；B. clse关闭；C. share分享；D. print打印。根据“But Jaeger prvides such a psitive perspective”可知，此处评价这本书值得分享。故选C。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，这本书有一个快乐的结局也很有帮助。A. sad难过的；B. happy高兴的；C. ridiculus荒唐的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据“Thrugh surgery, this smart dg 7 ”可知，狗狗被治愈了，因此这本书有一个快乐的结局。故选B。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如耶格所指出的，“这本书向我们传播了爱。这个小小的元素可以影响人类和动物世界。”A. decisive决定性的；B. lgical符合逻辑的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. influential有影响的。根据“Lve can defeat all.”可知，爱这个元素可以影响人类和动物世界。故选D。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这本精彩的书中，这个信息再清楚不过了。A. meaning意义；B. principle原则；C. message信息；D. expressin表达。根据“Lve can defeat all.”可知，这本书传达爱能够战胜一切这个信息。故选C。
(4)答案
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了历史上夺走无数欧洲人生命的黑死病。
1. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：船只停靠在西西里岛时，船上的许多人已经死于瘟疫。A. beside在……旁边；B. n在……上；C. beynd超越；D. beneath在……之下。根据下文“Within days, the __2__ disease spread t the city and the surrunding cuntryside.”可知，几天后这种疾病蔓延到城市，由此可知，最初疾病是发生在船上，并夺走了船上很多人的生命。故选B。
2. 考查形容词或副词词义辨析。句意：几天之内，这种致命的疾病蔓延到城市和周围的农村。A. lively活泼的，令人兴奋的；B. likely有可能的；C. lately近来；D. deadly很、致命的。根据上文“many f thse __1__ bard were already dying f a plague.”可知，这种疾病已经夺走了很多人的生命，由此可知，这种疾病是致命的。故选D。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：意识到可怕的灾难降临了，父亲们抛弃了生病的儿子；律师拒绝来为死者立遗嘱。A. drught干旱；B. disaster灾难；C. challenge挑战；D. war战争。根据上文内容可知，这种疾病已经蔓延到城市和周围的农村，再根据下文内容“fathers abandned their sick sns; __4__ refused t cme and make ut wills fr the dying. N ne cmes t __5__ them except friars (修士) and nuns left t care fr the sick, and the buildings where they stayed were sn __6__.”可知，这是一场灾难。故选B。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：意识到可怕的灾难降临了，父亲们抛弃了生病的儿子；律师拒绝来为死者立遗嘱。A. dctrs医生；B. nurses护士；C. fficials工作人员；D. lawyers律师。根据下文“make ut wills fr the dying.”可知，空处指的是能立遗嘱的人，根据常理可知，空处指的是律师。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人来救他们，除了修士和修女留下来照顾病人，他们住的房子很快就被遗弃了。A. defend辩护；B. rescue挽救；C. charged要价、控告；D. appreciated感激、欣赏。根据下文的“except friars(修士) and nuns left t care fr the sick”可知，空处指的是没有人来救他们，只有修士修女留下了照顾病人。故选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人来救他们，除了修士和修女留下来照顾病人，他们住的房子很快就被遗弃了。A. deserted遗弃；B. cleaned清理；C. sld卖；D. disinfected消毒。根据上文“N ne cmes t 5 them except friars (修士) and nuns left t care fr the sick”可知，能走的人都走了，由此可推断，房子都被遗弃了。故选A。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尸体被遗弃在空房子里，没有得到基督教的葬礼。A. distant遥远的；B. military军事的；C. empty空的；D. frzen冰冻的。根据上文“the buildings where they stayed were sn __6__.”可知，这些房子被遗弃了，能走的人都走了，由此可知，这些房子都是空的。故选C。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种疾病以可怕的速度袭击并夺走人们的生命。A. limited有限的；B. prper恰当的；C. mdern现代化的；D. scary令人害怕的。根据下文“The Italian writer Bccacci said the __9__ ften “ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestrs in paradise.””可知，这种疾病蔓延的速度非常快，也就是可怕的速度。故选D。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：意大利作家薄伽丘说，受害者经常“与朋友共进午餐，与天堂里的祖先共进晚餐”。A. authrity权威；B. victims受害者；C. fleas跳蚤；D. designers设计者。根据下文“ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestrs in paradise.”可知，空处指的是受害者或者说是感染该疾病导致死亡的遇难者。故选B。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到次年的8月，瘟疫已经远远向北蔓延到英格兰。A. spread传播；B. cnducted实施；C. indicated表明、暗示；D. invlved涉及。根据空后的“as far nrth as England.”可知，疾病已经蔓延到英格兰。故选A。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个可怕的杀手在欧洲四处游荡，但当时人们没有办法与之对抗。A. sufficient足够的；B. dd古怪的；C. lse宽松的、放任的；D. unbearable难以忍受的。根据下文“but peple at that time had nthing t fight against it.”可知，黑死病在欧洲肆意妄为，人们对它的蔓延毫无办法。故选C。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，这种疾病似乎消失了，但这只是因为帮助它在人与人之间传播的跳蚤在睡眠中。A. exprt出口；B. erupt爆发；C. survive存活；D. disappear消失。根据下文“but nly because fleas(跳蚤), helping t carry it frm persn t persn, were in __13__ then.”可知，冬季跳蚤冬眠了，所以不再传播该疾病，所以该疾病似乎消失了。故选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，这种疾病似乎消失了，但这只是因为帮助它在人与人之间传播的跳蚤在睡眠中。A. sleep睡眠；B. variety种类；C. return返回；D. extinctin消失。根据上文内容可知，在冬季，这种疾病似乎消失了，由此可推断，在冬季，跳蚤冬眠了，也就是在睡眠中。故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年春天，瘟疫再次袭击，造成新的受害者。A. exited离开，退场；B. attacked袭击；C. imprted进口；D. published出版。根据上文可知，在冬季跳蚤冬眠无法传播疾病；根据常理推测，春天到来，跳蚤醒来，必然会继续传播疾病，所以春天到来时，瘟疫会再次袭来。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸存者生活在持续的瘟疫归来的恐惧之中，这种疾病直到17世纪才消失。A. blwers吹风机；B. scientists科学家；C. survivrs幸存者；D. gvernments政府。根据下文“lived in cnstant fear f the plague’s return”可知，空处的人害怕瘟疫的回归，由此可推测，空处指的是经历过瘟疫而幸存下来的人。故选C。
(5)答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。阅读的习惯是人类最伟大的资源之一，我们喜欢读那些属于我们自己的书，而不是借来的书。文章主要说明了如何对待借来的书和自己的书，以及阅读的一些益处。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人把借来的书当作家里的客人。A. teacher老师； B. guest客人； C. relative亲戚；D. servant仆人。根据“It must be treated with care and cnsiderate ”可知，对待借来的书就好像它是客人，故选B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它必须以谨慎和彬彬有礼地对待。A. maintenance维护；B. reslutin决议；C. frmality正式性，礼节；D. structure结构。根据“Casual attitudes are frbidden.”可知，此处指用谨慎和彬彬有礼来对待借来的书。故选C。
3. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为这本书是借来的，所以它不能损坏，这意味着它在你的家里不能受到损害。A. under yur rf在你的屋檐下； B. n yur behalf 代表你；C. beynd yur reach你无法企及；D. within yur grasp你的掌握之中。根据“Sme peple regard a brrwed bk as a 1 in the huse. ”可知，借来的书不允许在你家里被损坏。故选A。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在阅读本书的过程中，当你灵光乍现时，你不允许在要点上做任何标记或划下下划线。A. trends趋势；B. gals目标；C. definitins定义；D. pints点。根据“make any mark r underline the imprtant ”可知，是在要点下划线，故选D。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对一个人的想象力是巨大的阻止。A. discipline纪律；B. discuragement阻止、挫折；C. relief缓解；D. reminder提醒。根据“t ne’s imaginatin.”并结合上文说借来的书不能在上面做标记可知，不能做标记画要点是对想象力的阻止，故选B。
6. 考查短语和副词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，你自己的书属于你，你可以如此亲密地对待它们，你不怕在它上面做标记或把它放在一个肮脏的地方。A. On the ther hand另一方面；B. In result结果；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Furthermre而且。上文陈述如何对待借来的书，本段讲如何对待自己的书，因此这是另一方面的问题。故选A。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你自己的书是用来使用的，不是用来炫耀的。你不需要在别人面前展示它们。A. benefit好处；B. prfit利润；C. shw展示；D. excuse借口。根据“Yur wn bks are there fr use”可知，自己的书不是用来炫耀的，故选C。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拥有书也鼓励有意义的标记。A. meaningful有意义的；B. secndary其次的；C. sufficient充足的；D. tugh艰难的。根据“A gd reasn fr marking”可知，自己的书上可以做有意义的标记，故选A。
9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在书中标记有教育意义的段落的一个很好的理由是，这种做法可以让你更容易地记住重要的谚语，更快地查阅，然后在将来更频繁地复习它们。A. stick t坚持；B. refer t查阅；C. devte t致力于；D. adapt t适应。根据“enables yu t remember mre easily the significant sayings”可知，书中的标记可以让你快速查阅，故选B。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鉴于拥有的书对一个人的重要性，每个人都应该开始收集一个私人图书馆，构成他自己的知识财产。A. imaginative有想象力的；B. ecnmic经济的；C. intellectual智力的、知识的；D. public公开的。根据“ shuld begin cllecting a private library”可知，书是知识财产，故选C。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们应该是自由的，手和眼睛都可以接触到。A. familiar熟悉的；B. effective有效的；C. flexible灵活的；D. accessible可达到的。根据“which shuld nt be having drs, glass windws, r keys. ”可知，书架应该是容易接触到，故选D。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像珠宝之于女人一样，书籍是男人最好的道德装饰。A. decratin装饰；B. truth事实；C. training训练；D. expense花费。根据“Like the jewellery t a wman,”可知，书对于男人来说是道德装饰，故选A。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的多样性表明了不同作家大脑的创造力。A. simplicity简洁；B. creativity创造力；C. experiment实验；D. life人生。根据“Their variety indicates”可知，作家创造力使书籍多样性，故选B。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的身心都是兴奋的。A. cnscius有意识的；B. calm平静的；C. wild野的；D. excited兴奋的。根据“With bks at hand, yur mind is free t land any 15 r even strange pssibility, which eventually gives birth t new discveries r inventins.”可知，有书，你的身心是兴奋的，故选D。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了书在手，你的大脑就可以自由地思考任何新鲜甚至奇怪的可能性，最终产生新的发现或发明。A. purpseful有明确目标的；B. resurceful足智多谋的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. memrable难忘的。根据“r even strange pssibility”可知，有了属于自己的书，你的大脑是自由的，这样可以产生很多新的想法。故选C。卷别
体裁
题材
词数
动词(短语)
名词
形容词
副词
介词
连词
2023新高考I卷
记叙文
越野赛经历
225
7
7
1
0
0
0
2023新高考II卷
记叙文
帮狗狗与主人团聚
209
7
3
4
1
0
0
2023全国甲卷
记叙文
不能以外表来判断食物
249
9
4
6
0
1
0
2023全国乙卷
记叙文
美国体操运动员Duglas
244
12
3
4
1
0
0
2022新高考I卷
记叙文
宿营的乐趣
218
5
5
3
1
1
0
2022新高考II卷
记叙文
新型旅行方式
209
5
6
4
0
0
0
2022全国甲卷
记叙文
因狗结缘
277
8
7
1
3
0
0
2022全国乙卷
说明文
玩捉迷藏
261
7
7
4
2
0
0
2021新高考I卷
记叙文
我的故事
230
9
4
2
0
0
0
2021新高考II卷
记叙文
警察成功破案
192
7
7
1
0
0
0
2021全国甲卷
记叙文
入住经历
242
10
5
4
1
0
0
2021全国乙卷
夹叙夹议
表达感谢
261
10
7
1
2
0
0
2020全国卷I
记叙文
不要说谎
251
6
8
3
2
1
0
2020全国卷II
记叙文
名画真迹
287
11
4
3
2
0
0
2020全国卷III
记叙文
难对付的顾客
265
8
3
6
1
2
0
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