9BU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

这是一份9BU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用），共16页。试卷主要包含了词性变换，重要词组等内容，欢迎下载使用。


过单词短语
知识点1：重要单词和词组
1、词性变换
(1) crwd (n.) --_______________(adj.)
(2) pllute (v.) --_______________(n.) --_______________(adj.)
(3) rapid (adj.) --_______________(adv.)
(4) increase (n.) --_______________(v.)
(5) cmfrtable (adj.) -- _______________(adv.) -- _______________(反义词)
(6) taste(v.) -- _____________ (n.) --____________ (adj.) --_______________(比较级) --_______________(最高级)--_____________(adj.) --_______________(反义词)
(7) special (adj.) --_______________(adv.)
(8) challenge (n.) --_______________(v.) --_______________(adj.)
(9) develp (v.) --_______________(n.) --_______________(adj.) --_______________(adj.)
【答案】
1. crwded 2. pllutin; plluted 3. rapidly 4. increase 5. cmfrtably; uncmfrtable
6. taste; tasty; tastier; tastiest; tasteful; tasteless 7. specially 8. challenge; challenging
9. develpment; develped; develping
2、重要词组
【答案】
知识点2：重点词组的用法
1. think abut
think abut 考虑，想起
think f 考虑；记起；想起
think ver 仔细考虑
think up 想出，发明
注意：What d yu think f…? 你觉得…怎么样？
2. ppulatin 人口
当ppulatin作为具体的人时，是复数。
如果是人的数量，用法和number类似，数量分大小，所以只有large/small ppulatin.
3. at the speed f 以…的速度
That night he drve the car at the speed f 200km per hur. 那天晚上他以每小时200千米的速度驾驶。
类似的短语：at full/high speed 全速/高速
4. increase v. 增加
increase by+倍数或百分数表示“增加了……”
increase t+具体的数字表示“增加到……”
increase in … 在… 方面的增长
The ppulatin f this twn has increased by 5 percent.
The ppulatin f ur cuntry has increased t 1.3 billin.
5. cmpare v. 比较
(1) cmpare…with…把…和…比较
If yu cmpare his wrk with hers, yu will find hers is much better.
如果你把他的工作和她的做比较，你会发现她的好得多。
(2) cmpare…t 把……比作……
Pets have cmpared sleep t death. 诗人将睡眠比作死亡。
6. in sme ways 在一些方面；在某种程度上
way的相关短语
in the way 挡路，妨碍
in this way 用这种方式
by the way顺便问一下
n the way t 在去…的路上
7. specially adv. 特别地
要注意specially和especially的区别
(1) especially是副词，意为“尤其”、“特别”，通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。
It's especially ht tday.今天天气特别热。
He likes all subjects, especially English. 他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是英语。
(2) specially 也是副词，意为“专门地”“特地”，表示“不是为了别的，而只是为了……”，强调唯一目的。
He came here specially t say srry t her. 他特意来这里向她道歉。
He returned t her hmetwn specially t see her sick mther 她回到家乡专门看望生病的母亲。
8. prevent sb frm ding 阻止某人做某事
相当于stp sb frm ding，frm可省略。
We cannt prevent/stp an earthquake frm cming. 我们不能阻止地震的到来。
9. challenging adj. 挑战性的
Mike fund a challenging jb as a cmputer prgrammer.
challenge challenge…t…向某人挑战
My father challenged me t a table tennis game. 父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球赛。
知识点3：重点句型用法
1. Hw d yu like life n Mars?(P50) 你觉得火星上的生活怎么样？
Hw d yu like …? 常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何。
表达这一意思时还可以说What d yu think f…?
2. I thught yu liked Mars. (P50) 我本以为你喜欢火星。
thught是think的过去式，在此处表示“本以为”，一般在动词填空题里会涉及到。
3. What wuld it be like t live n Mars? (P51) 住在火星上将会是什么样子呢？
What will/wuld sth. be like这是What’s sth. like的将来时句型。
需要注意此句型在宾语从句中要改为What sth. will/wuld be like.
4. Sme peple believe that humans culd live n the planet Mars by the year 2100. (P52)
一些人相信人类到2100为止能够居住在火星上。
5. Our wn planet, the Earth, is becming mre and mre crwded and plluted because f the rapid increase in ppulatin. (P52) 我们自己的星球，地球，由于人口的快速增长将会变得越来越拥挤。
比较级 and 比较级 表示“越来越……”
because f +名词短语
increase in… 在…方面的增长
6. It is hped that peple culd start all ver again and build a better wrld n Mars. (P52)
人们希望能够在火星上重新开始并且建立一个更美好的世界。
It is + 过去分词句型
It is said… 据说
It is believed… 据相信
5. At present, ur spacecraft are t slw t carry large numbers f passengers t Mars -it wuld take mnths. (P52)
目前，我们的宇宙飞船太慢而不能运送大量的乘客去火星，这要花费数月的时间。
(1) t…t… 太…而不能…. 注意和…enugh t的句型转换
He is t shrt t reach the apples n the tree.
=He is nt tall enugh t reach the apples n the tree.
(2) a number f … 大量的，后面跟可数名词复数
the number f… …的数量
6. With the develpment f technlgy, by the year 2100, the jurney might nly take abut 20 minutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed f light! (P52)
随着技术的发展，到2100年，坐飞船以光速旅行只需要花费大约20分钟的时间。
with表示伴随着
with the help f… 在…的帮助下
with the supprt f… 在…的支持下
7. Human cannt survive withut water, xygen r fd. (P52)
人类没有水、空气或食物无法生存。
本单元的语法讲的是简单句与省略句的转换，所以此处就等于Human cannt survive if there is n fd, water r xygen.
The gravity n Mars is nly abut three-eighths f that n the Earth. (P53)
火星的重力只有地球的大约八分之三。
分数的表达法
分数表达法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式，在分子与分母之间可加连字符也可不加连字符。
分数+f+名词结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数视f后面的名词而定，如果名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
One third f the water is dirty.
Tw thirds f the wrkers in ur factry are yung peple.
9. Cmpared with life n the Earth, life n Mars wuld be better in sme ways. (P53)
与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面要好些。
过去分词短语cmpared with life n the Earth在句中作状语。
主语是life与cmpare之间是被动关系，所以cmpare需要用过去分词；
如果life与cmpare之间是主动关系，则cmpare用动名词形式。
Cmparing the prices f shes in three shps, she decided t chse the cheapest ne.
10. Every student wuld have a cmputer at hme cnnected t an interplanetary netwrk. (P53)
每个学生家里都有一台电脑与星际网络连接。
过去分词短语cnnected t an interplanetary netwrk在句中作定语，修饰前面的cmputer.
cnnect… t…意为：把……连接在……上，……与……连在一起。此处cnnected t an interplanetary netwrk是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰名词cmputer。这里的名词cmputer与动词cnnect是动宾关系，故动词用过去分词形式。如果被修饰的名词与动词之间是主谓关系，则用该动词的现在分词形式。
The railway cnnecting Shanghai t Tianjin is under cnstructin nw.
11. Life n Mars wuld be interesting as well as challenging. (P53)
火星上的生活，不仅有挑战性，还很有趣。
as well as 不但而且，既又
注意：这一短语在译成中文时，应先译as well as 后面的内容，再译前面的。
He as well as his friends likes ging shpping.
1.advantage 优点，优势
advantage 既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，意为“优势，优点，有利条件”，其反义词为disadvantage,意为“劣势，缺点，不利条件。”
例：As we all knw, the advantages f a gd educatin are great.众所周知，良好的教育益处很大。
例:If yu can’t speak English well, yu will be at a big disadvantage when yu try t get a jb.
你要是英语讲的不好，找工作时就会处于非常不利的地位。
2.After all, humans have already been t the Mn.毕竟，人们已经到过月球。
after all 意为“毕竟”，这是after all一般放在句首，用来提醒对方（听话的人）似乎忘记了一个重要事实，或者忽略了某个重要的理由或论点。
例：After all, he is a child.毕竟他是一个小孩。
拓展：与all 相关的一些短语
in all 总共，总计 abve all 首先，更重要的是
3.I’m nt sure if it’s wrth the risk.我不确定是否值得冒险。
risk 名词，意为 “风险，危险“
例：He saved my life at the risk f his wn life.他冒着生命危险救了我的命。
拓展：risk 用作动词，意为“冒的危险”。risk ding sth “冒险做某事”
例：The captain was nt willing t risk taking his ship thrugh the straits in such bad weather.
船长不愿意在这样恶劣的天气里冒险将船驶过海峡。
4.Hwever, sme ther students were wrried abut living there.然而，其他一些学生对住在那表示担忧。
be wrried abut sb/ding sth 意为“对某人/做某事感到担心/担忧。
例:I’m wrried abut my cimg singing cmpetitin.我对接下来的歌唱比赛感到担心。
拓展：wrry 还可用作及物动词，意为“使担心，使忧虑”，用法为：sth wrry sb 某事使某人担忧
例：My English wrries me mst.我的英语使我担心。
5.D yu make spelling mistakes? 你犯拼写上的错误吗？
mistake 的意思是“错误，过失”，make a mistake 意为“犯错误”，
例：She has made a serius mistake but she desn’t realize it .她犯了一个严重的错误，但她还没有意识到。
拓展：mistake 还可作为动词，意为“误解，弄错”。
6.Here is a guide t living n Mars in the future.下面是未来在火星的生活指南。
guide 名词，意为“手册，指南，导游”，后面跟介词t , 意为“方面的指导/指南”。
例：This bk is a guide t grammar.这本书是一本语法入门的书。
拓展:不少名词后面都可接介词t引起的短语作定语，表示“的”。
这些名词有：way,answer,key,entrance,attitude,slutin,attentin,devtin,cntributin,rad等。
例：the answer t the questin 这个问题的答案 the entrance t the theatre 剧场的入口
a key t the grammar exercises 语法练习的答案 n my way t the schl 我上学的路上
过语法
简单句和复合句之间的转换（二）
1. 含有状语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用at the age f, because f, withut...等介词短语，将含有状语从句的复合句改为简单句。
He learnt t swim when he was eight years ld.
→He learnt t swim at the age f eight.
He culd nt g t the party because he had t much hmewrk.
→He culd nt g t the party because f t much hmewrk.
He cannt slve this prblem if he has n help.
→He cannt slve this prblem withut help.
2. 含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用f..., like...等介词短语，将含有宾语从句的复合句改为简单句。
The phts remind me that I travelled t the UK five years ag
→The phts remind me f my trip t the UK five years ag.
Are yu certain that Tm is satisfied with the plan?
→Are yu certain abut Tm’s satisfactin with the plan?
3. 含有定语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用with..., 等介词短语，将含有定语从句的复合句改为简单句。
D yu knw the girl wh is hlding tw bks in her hand?
→D yu knw the girl with tw bks in her hand?
The man wh wears a blue shirt is ur English teacher.
→The man in a blue shirt is ur English teacher.
考点一：宾语从句的关系词、语序、时态
例 1: Did yur father tell yu ______?
A. when he travelled t Hng Kng B. hw he ges t Shanghai
C. where he has spent his hlidays D. why did he visit Hangzhu
例2: I dn’t knw _______ the day after tmrrw.
A. when des he cmeB. hw will he cme
C. if he cmes D. whether he’ll cme
例3: Parents care mre abut _____ pcket mney they shuld give their children and ________.
A. hw much; where it ges B. hw many; where des it g
C. hw much; hw des it ges D. hw many; hw it ges
例4:—Hw lng des it take t get t the airprt?
—Frty minutes. But it’s fggy tday. I’m nt sure the highway will clses sn. Let’s set ff earlier.
A. whether B. when C. hw D. why
【答案】ADAA
考点二：定语从句的关系词以及在动词填空题中的运用
例 1: --The vlunteers are ding a great jb in Yushu.
--Yes. They are helping the peple ___ are suffering frm the earthquake.
A. which B. what C. / D. wh
例 2: They want t develp a kind a dg-friendly fd ____ will help dg wners cl dwn their pets.
A. wh B. what C. which D. whether
例 3:—I like the pht I tk n the beach yesterday. What d yu think f it?
—Well, really nice!
A. where B. when C. which D. wh
例 4:The charity shw he devted much time t__________(prve) t be a success.
例 5:The by his teacher paid much attentin t ___________(imprve) a lt in the test at last.
【答案】D C C prved imprved
重难点训练
一、单项选择
1.It’s necessary t cver yur nse and muth while sneezing because viruses usually flat the air us.
A .in ；in B.arund；in C. in；arund D.arund ；arund
2. --Let’s play a game n Mars，shall we？
--Ok，thugh I prefer a game n TV.
A .watch B .t watch C. watching D. t watching
3 .—D yu still remember the amunt f mney in the bank?
--- Of curse. What’s wrng?
A.stre B .string C .is stred D. stred
4.The film Big Here 6 is interesting, ?
A .is it B.are they C .aren’t they D.isn’t it
5. Accrding t the guide living n Mars, there is traffic air pllutin .
A.t ; f B.f ;withut C.t; withut D. f; f
6.The number f the students in ur schl abut eight hundred .
A .are B.were C.is D.be
7.I think ur spacecraft are slw carry large number f peple t Mars at present .
A.s;that B. such;that C.t;t D.enugh;t
8. ---The advantages f the Chngqi Bridge have already been seen .
--- gd news t us !
A.What B .What a C.Hw D.Hw a
9.I’d rather the party a sng than a dance.
A .t start;with B. starting;t C .start;with D.t start ;t
10.There are teachers in ur schl,and . f them are wmen teachers .
A.tw hundreds; three-futh B.tw hundred; three-fuths
C.tw hundred; third-fuths D.tw hundreds; three-fuths
11.Why nt yur brther a message fr us ?
A.have;take B.t have;t take C.have;t take D.thave;take
12.---What d yu think f the film Titantic 3D? .
--- It’s fantastic.The nly pity is that I the beginning f it.
A.was missing B. miss C .will miss D.missed
13. Can yu tell me in the future ?
A hw life will be like B. hw will life be like
C what life will be like D .what will life be like
14.________with cars,bicycles have many advantages.
A.Cmpare with B.Cmpared with
C.Cmpare fr D.T cmpare fr
【答案】CBDDC CCACB ADCB
二、完成句子
1 將来你可以买一辆车，它可以漂浮在空中。
Yu can buy a car in the air .
2 今天你可以用62元人民币换大约10美元。
Yu can abut$10 62yuan tday.
3如果你帮助了别人，就可以获得一些电子货币，并把它们存在社区的电脑里。
If yu help thers，yu can get sme mney and it in the cmmunity cmputers.
火星重力只有地球重力的八分之三。
The _________n Mars is nly abut ______f that n Earth.
【答案】
1.which can flat; in the future 2.get;with 3.electric;stre 4.gravity; three eighths
三、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The Natinal Day we were lking frward t _____________(cme) at last.
2. The clean water ____________(prvide) fr the peple in the disaster areas as sn as it arrives.
3. The prject they had wrked n fr a lng time_______(prve) t be a big success.
4. The sunlight we are all used t _____________(include) seven different clurs.
5. D yu knw wh the teachers had ________________(represent) ur schl t attend the meeting?
6. The life that we are used t _______________ (change) greatly since the 1990s.
7. Mther prmises t buy him a new cmputer _____________（cnnect）t the Internet if he successfully takes n the new challenge.
8. The science fictin bks Jhn lks frward t _______________(sell) well n the market.
9. I tried many ways I culd think f _______ (stp) the little by frm crying.
【答案】
came 2. prvided 3. prved 4. includes 5. represent
6. has changed 7. cnnected 8. sell 9. t stp
四、单词拼写
1．Lk! Sme fish are dead. The water in the river must be_______（被污染的）．
2．The bus is ld and dirty. It makes my jurney_______（不舒服的）．
3．When speaking t a_______（陌生人），yu'd better be careful.
4. We have t explre the_______（可能性）f wrking with them.
5.1 will nt pay the_______（增加）in my bills unless yu make all this clear.
6. She changed her clthes_______（迅速地）and went utside.
7. The train stpped suddenly and all the_______（乘客）were wrried.
8．The ckies are s_______（味道好的）that I can hardly stp eating.
9. Have yu ever thught f mving t anther_______（行星）．
【答案】
1. plluted 2. uncmfrtable 3. stranger 4. pssibility 5. increase
6. rapidly 7. passengers 8. tasty 9. planet
五、完形填空
Every summer, a great many students travel t ther cuntries, lking fr wrk and adventure. Mst f the 16 are in seasnal wrk, mainly cnnected with turism and agriculture. The pay is usually pr, but mst students wrk abrad fr the excitement f travel. Yu can pick grapes in France, lk after kids in American summer camps, and, f curse, there are 17 jbs in htels and restaurants.
But it is nt easy t find wrk. “ 18 yu speak the language f the cuntry well, there will be very few penings,” says Anthea Eills, an adviser n vacatin wrk fr the students. “If yu wrk with a family in Italy, yu’ll have t speak Italian. When yu wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris, the wner will expect yu t speak 19 . British students nly have a language advantage fr jbs in the USA and Australia.”
Nt everyne enjys the 20 . Sarah James and her friend were emplyed(雇佣) t help
frty American children in Eurpe. The tw yung teachers with the children had never been 21 . One child lst his passprt; anther became seriusly ill during the jurney and was sent hme; the whle grup was thrwn ut f ne htel because f the nise they made; and Sarah herself 22 n her nly free evening f the entire trip. “We did have the 23 chance in ur life t g abrad and visit a lt f new places,” she says, “but it wasn’t wrth it. The pay was 24 and it really was a 24-hur-a-day jb. The kids never slept!”
“The truble is, students 25 t have an easy time at it,” Anthea Ellis pints ut. “In fact, they have t wrk hard, with few emplyment rights. As sn as the hliday seasn finishes, they’ll lse the jbs.”
16．A．wrk B．luck C．chances D．changes
17．A．always B．hardly C．never D．seldm
18．A．If B．Unless C．Because D．Althugh
19．A．Italian B．English C．French D．Japanese
20．A．travel B．trip C．jurney D．experience
21．A．alne B．abrad C．awake D．anywhere
22．A．rbbed B．rbs C．rb D．was rbbed
23．A．first B．final C．best D．nly
24．A．gd B．high C．pr D．a lt
25．A．explre B．expect C．ffer D．Advise
【答案】CABCD BDACB
六、阅读理解
The weather is getting htter and yu'll be getting thirstier playing basketball r riding hme frm schl. A cld drink may be just the thing. But be careful with what yu pur dwn yur thrat. Smething that lks cl may nt be gd fr yur health.
There are plenty f s-called energy drinks n the market. Mst f them have an attractive clur and a cl name. Their nutritin (营养) list als has varius things frm vitamins t ginseng (人参). Sunds great!
But after a careful check yu may find that mst energy drinks have high levels f caffeine (咖啡因). These drinks are aimed at yung peple, students, busy peple and sprts players.
Makers smetimes say their drinks make yu better at sprts and can keep yu awake. But be careful nt t drink t much.
Caffeine raises yur heartbeat (心跳). Because f this, the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee has limited (限制) its use. The amunt f caffeine in mst energy drinks is at least as high as in a cup f strng cffee r strng tea.
There are ptential (潜在的) health dangers cnnected with energy drinks. Just ne can f energy drink can make yu nervus, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart attacks.
"Teenagers shuld be discuraged frm taking drinks with a lt f caffeine in them," an expert frm the Australia Nutritin Fundatin said.
( ) 6.The teenagers like drinking energy drinks because f the fllwing EXCEPT that_____.
A. they have an attractive clur and a cl name
B. they have high levels f caffeine
C. they can keep them awake and better at sprts
D. they are said t have varius nutritin
( ) 7. The teenagers shuld nt drink t many energy drinks. Which f the fllwing
shuld be the best reasn fr it?
A. The drinks can cause heart attacks.
B. The drinks make them nervus.
C. The drinks make them have difficulty in sleeping.
D. The drinks have ptential health dangers.
( ) 8. The underlined wrd "discuraged" in the last paragraph can be replaced(替换) by___.
A. drpped B. stpped C. helped D. asked
( ) 9. Frm the passage we can infer (推断) that_______.
A. advertisements play an imprtant part in getting peple t buy the gds
B. the amunt f caffeine in mst energy drinks is lwer than that in a cup f strng cffee
C. Australian teenagers drink mre energy drinks than thse in ther cuntries
D. the energy drinks are aimed at yung peple
( )10. Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A What's the Use f Energy Drinks? B. Wh can Drink Energy Drinks?
C. What's That in Energy Drinks? D. Why Can't We Buy Energy Drinks?
【答案】BDBAC(1)氧气罐_____________________________
(2)干粮_____________________________
(3)睡袋_____________________________
(4)电源包_____________________________
(5)到2100年时_____________________________
(6)人口上的快速增长____________________________
(7)再；重新_____________________________
(8)以...的速度_____________________________
(9)以...的形式_____________________________
(10)到火星的旅行_____________________________
(11)漂浮到太空中___________________________
(12)与…相比_____________________________
(13)在某些方面_____________________________
(14)与...什么连接_____________________________
air tank
dried fd
sleeping bag
pwer pack
by the year2100
the rapid increase in ppulatin
all ver again
at a/the speed f...
in the frm f...
the jurney t Mars
flat ff int space
cmpare…with…
in sme ways
cnnect t...