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第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试题）Here cmes 4 mst ppular clubs in ur schl! Jin us, and we will help yu t find yur wn shining pints, lead yu t find beauty and t create beauty, and make yur campus life as fulfilling and happy as a dream.
Basketball Club
Students will be able t develp their basketball skills further and have the pprtunity t cmpete in basketball games with members frm ther internatinal schls in Beijing. The club will be available t 10—16 members frm grades 5 t 8, and will practice twice weekly.
Public Speaking Club
The Public Speaking Club will be centered arund the persnal develpment f students alng with develping public speaking skills. The club will be interested in fcusing n all skills in delivering better speeches and imprving cmmunicatin skills. The club will be available t 10—12 members frm grades 7 t 12, and will meet nce weekly (Wednesday).
Yga Club
Yga nt nly imprves balance, flexibility, and jint stability, but als serves as a peaceful escape frm the stress f daily life. Our students will have the chance t physically exercise while reducing sme stress frm their life. The club will be available t 10—16 members frm grades 7 t 12, and will meet nce weekly (Tuesday).
Media Club
The Media Club teaches students the basics f jurnalism. The club engages in a wide range f activities like interviewing teachers and students, writing abut big events n campus, and perating the weekly schl radi bradcasts. The club will be available t 8—12 members frm grades 6—12 and will meet nce weekly (Mnday).
1．Which club will attract students wh want t get bth mental and physical benefits?
A．Basketball Club.B．Public Speaking Club.
C．Yga Club.D．Media Club.
2．What will club members d at the Media Club?
A．Set up a schl radi.B．Write imaginary stries.
C．Learn public speaking skills.D．Interview teachers and students.
3．Where can the text be fund?
A．In a schl intrductin.B．In a research paper.
C．In a histry textbk.D．In a travel guidebk.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了作者学校最受欢迎的4个俱乐部。
1．推理判断题。根据小标题“Yga Club”下的“Yga nt nly imprves balance, flexibility, and jint stability, but als serves as a peaceful escape frm the stress f daily life. Our students will have the chance t physically exercise while reducing sme stress frm their life.（瑜伽不仅能改善平衡、柔韧性和关节稳定性，还能让你平静地逃离日常生活的压力。我们的学生将有机会锻炼身体，同时减少一些生活压力）”可知，瑜伽俱乐部既能锻炼身体又可以放松精神，所以能吸引那些想要身心俱益的学生。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据小标题“Media Club”下的“The club engages in a wide range f activities like interviewing teachers and students, writing abut big events n campus, and perating the weekly schl radi bradcasts.（俱乐部开展了广泛的活动，如采访老师和学生，撰写校园大事，运营每周的校园广播）”可知，在媒体俱乐部，俱乐部成员会采访老师和学生。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here cmes 4 mst ppular clubs in ur schl! Jin us, and we will help yu t find yur wn shining pints, lead yu t find beauty and t create beauty, and make yur campus life as fulfilling and happy as a dream.（我们学校最受欢迎的4个俱乐部来了!加入我们，我们将帮助你发现自己的闪光点，带领你发现美，创造美，让你的校园生活像梦一样充实、快乐）”可知，应该可以在学校的介绍中可以找到本文。故选A项。
B
（2023上·山东·高一山东省实验中学校考期末）Anne wke up at 6:00 a.m. this mrning because it was the first day f schl. She went int the bathrm, lked in the mirrr and started t scream. Her little sister wke up and went t see what was wrng. Anne started t cry, “It’s the first day f schl and my hair is a mess!”
Her little sister Emily shk her head, “Oh!Anne yu wke me up fr that. I’m ging back t bed.”
“THANKS FOR THE !” Anne screamed t her sister. She was really sad abut her hair. She started t search thrugh everything trying t find smething t fix her hair. Finally she fund sme hairspray. It helped a little but nt much s she went t pick ut her clthes. She had n idea what t wear. It was either her new dress with little pink bws all ver it r her favrite white but nw brwn T-shirt and ripped jeans since they were in style. She put n her T-shirt and jeans.
After she was finally dne with that, she went t the kitchen t find smething t eat. After eating, she went back int the bathrm. Afraid t lk in the mirrr, she started t brush her teeth. She turned n her radi and started t dance. Frgetting abut the slippery(滑的) flr, she slipped and hurt her head but trying t be brave, she gt back up and cntinued t brush her teeth.
She rinsed ut her muth and went back in the living rm. She glanced at the clck. It was 7:00. She hurried t get n the bus. She waited and waited, but the bus never came. S she went inside t see what time it was. It was 8:00.
She gt scared. She was running thrugh the huse screaming, “Mm! Mm! The bus frgt me!”
Her mm wke up and sat up. She started t laugh. “Schl desn’t start till tmrrw, silly,” her mm chuckled.
Anne std there a minute. “What! I gt up fr nthing. I have t d this all again tmrrw,” she thught.
4．Why did Anne chse her T-shirt and jeans?
A．They are fashinable then.
B．She liked t wear casual clthes.
C．She fund them cmfrtable t wear.
D．It’s required t wear new clthes fr schl.
5．What did Anne d while brushing her teeth?
A．She danced t music.
B．She lked in the mirrr.
C．She listened t the news.
D．She fell dwn carelessly.5
6．What des the phrase “rinsed ut” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Opened.B．Clured.C．Cvered.D．Washed.
7．What is the text mainly abut?
A．An active girl.
B．A big mrning.
C．An unfrgettable day.
D．The first day f schl.
【答案】4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Anne一大早为开学第一天所做的忙碌准备，但结果被妈妈告知明天才是开学日的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段“It was either her new dress with little pink bws all ver it r her favrite white but nw brwn T-shirt and ripped jeans since they were in style.(要么是她那满是粉色蝴蝶结的新裙子，要么是她最喜欢的白色但现在是棕色的T恤和破洞牛仔裤，因为它们当时很流行。)”可知，Anne选择T恤和牛仔裤的原因是它们很流行。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第四自然段“Afraid t lk in the mirrr, she started t brush her teeth. She turned n her radi and started t dance.(她不敢照镜子，就开始刷牙。她打开收音机开始跳舞。)”可知，她一边刷牙一边跳舞。故选A项。
6．词义猜测题。根据第四自然段最后一句“she gt back up and cntinued t brush her teeth.( 她站起来继续刷牙。)”以及第五自然段“She rinsed ut her muth and went back in the living rm.( 她rinsed ut她的嘴，回到客厅。)”可知，刷完牙应该是漱口，此处划线的短语表示“冲洗”，即漱口。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Anne wke up at 6:00 a.m. this mrning because it was the first day f schl. She went int the bathrm, lked in the mirrr and started t scream.( Anne今天早上6点就醒了，因为今天是开学的第一天。她走进浴室，看着镜子，开始尖叫。)”，第三、四段“She put n her T-shirt and jeans. After she was finally dne with that, she went t the kitchen t find smething t eat. After eating, she went back int the bathrm.( 她穿上t恤和牛仔裤。当她终于做完这些后，她到厨房去找吃的东西。吃完饭后，她回到浴室。)”以及最后一段“Anne std there a minute. “What! I gt up fr nthing. I have t d this all again tmrrw,” she thught.(安妮在那儿站了一会儿。“什么！我无缘无故就起床了。我明天还得再做一遍，”她想)”可知，文章主要讲述了Anne在早上为开学所作的各种忙碌的准备，结果被告知明天才是第一天开学日的故事。结合文章多个自然段所描述的她在早上所作的各种准备可知，文章主题为“一大清早”更合适。故选B项。
C
（2021上·河南安阳·高一安阳一中校考期末）The wrld’s elderly ppulatin is increasing. The number f lder peple — thse age 60 years r lder — is expected t duble by 2050 and is grwing faster than all yunger age grups acrss the glbe. That cmes with an increasing need fr caregivers which can prvide 24-hur care, nt nly at hspitals r nursing hmes, but als at private hmes.
Already, caregiving rbts are prgrammed t ask questins a nurse wuld ask and can keep an eye n patients fr falls These rbtic assistants are expected t becme increasingly marketable and reach 450,000 by 2045 because f the expected caregiver shrtage in the USA．
“Unluckily, the hard structure f present caregiving rbts prevents them frm a safe human-rbt interactin (互动), limiting their assistance t nly scial interactin and nt Physical interactin,” said Ramses Martinez,an assistant prfessr in Purdue’s Cllege f Engineering. “After all,wuld yu leave babies r ld peple in the hands f a rbt?”
Recent advances in material science have enabled the prductin f sft rbts with defrmable (可变形的) bdies r the ability t reshape when tuched, but tday the cmplex (复杂的) design prevents the use f this technlgy at hme.
Hwever, Martinez and ther researchers have develped a new design methd which shws prmise in enabling the prductin f sft rbts using a 3D printer.
The design prcess has three steps. First, a user makes a cmputer-aided design file (文件) with the shape f the rbt. The user then paints the file t shw which directins the different jints f the sft rbt will mve. It takes the cmputer a few secnds t change the cmputer-aided mdel int a 3-D sft machine that can be printed using any 3-D printer.
“The sft machines mve like humans. Their ability t change their bdy structure and mvement t adapt (适应) t a wide variety f envirnments will imprve caregiving greatly.” says Martinez.
The researchers are lking fr partners t test and bring their technlgy t market.
8．What des the underlined wrd “That” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．The yunger age grup.
B．The grup f lder peple.
C．The ppulatin acrss the glbe.
D．The grwth f the elderly ppulatin.
9．What is the disadvantage f the present caregiving rbts?
A．They can’t prvide safe physical interactin.
B．They can’t cmmunicate with patients.
C．They can’t watch patients fr falls.
D．They can’t prvide 24-hur care.
10．What d we knw abut Martinez’s new design methd?
A．It requires a special kind f 3D printer.
B．It makes the prductin f sft rbts simpler.
C．It has been put nt the market.
D．It is hard fr users t master.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The rbt industry in the future.
B．Effects f ppulatin ageing.
C．Rbts fr the elderly created with 3D printers.
D．The develpment f caregiving rbts.
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用3D打印机为老年人设计的机器人。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“The number f lder peple — thse age 60 years r lder — is expected t duble by 2050 and is grwing faster than all yunger age grups acrss the glbe. That cmes with an increasing need fr caregivers which can prvide 24-hur care, nt nly at hspitals r nursing hmes, but als at private hmes.(到2050年，年龄在60岁或以上的老年人的数量预计将增加一倍，而且增长速度超过全球所有年轻年龄组。这就需要越来越多的护理人员，不仅在医院或养老院，而且在私人家庭，他们可以提供24小时护理)”可知，划线词That指代的是上文提到的“老年人口的增长”。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Unluckily, the hard structure f present caregiving rbts prevents them frm a safe human-rbt interactin (互动), limiting their assistance t nly scial interactin and nt Physical interactin,” said Ramses Martinez,an assistant prfessr in Purdue’s Cllege f Engineering.(“不幸的是，目前护理机器人的硬结构使它们无法进行安全的人机交互，限制了它们的帮助只能进行社交互动，而不能进行身体互动，”普渡大学工程学院助理教授拉姆西斯·马丁内斯说)”可知，目前的护理机器人的缺点是他们不能提供安全的身体互动。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Hwever, Martinez and ther researchers have develped a new design methd which shws prmise in enabling the prductin f sft rbts using a 3D printer.(然而，马丁内斯和其他研究人员已经开发出一种新的设计方法，该方法显示出使用3D打印机生产软体机器人的前景)”可知，马丁内斯的新设计方法需要一种特殊的3D打印机。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Hwever, Martinez and ther researchers have develped a new design methd which shws prmise in enabling the prductin f sft rbts using a 3D printer.(然而，马丁内斯和其他研究人员已经开发出一种新的设计方法，该方法显示出使用3D打印机生产软体机器人的前景)”及倒数第二段““The sft machines mve like humans. Their ability t change their bdy structure and mvement t adapt t a wide variety f envirnments will imprve caregiving greatly.”says Martinez. (“柔软的机器像人类一样移动。他们能够改变自己的身体结构和运动以适应各种各样的环境，这将大大改善护理工作。”Martinez说)”可知，文章主要介绍了使用3D打印机为老年人设计的机器人。故选C项。
D
（2023上·湖南·高一长郡中学校考期末）Small endangered animals are ften hard t find in their natural habitats (栖息地), making it difficult fr scientists t spt them and develp cnservatin plans. But new technlgies can help. Australian researchers have equipped flying drnes (遥控飞机) with cameras s they can spt kalas hiding high in trees.
Kalas spend mst f their lives in eucalyptus trees (桉树), whse leaves are their favrite fd. Since the leaves are lw in calries and nutritinal cntent, kalas are nt very active — they sleep up t 20 hurs a day. Living in high branches, they are nt easy t spt frm the grund, and they have few natural predatrs (捕食者). The greatest threat t them is that lts f trees are being cut dwn. “Every single tree in Australia, right nw, needs t be prtected, and unless that happens I can prmise yu the kala is ging t becme extinct,” said Debrah Tabart, frm the Australian Kala Fundatin.
Scientists studying kalas say ne f the keys t saving animals is t knw where they live and hw many f them are left. Using drnes fitted with cameras t cnduct a census (数目调查) was an untested cncept. Queensland Institute f Technlgy technician Gavin Bradbent said they were dubtful at first. “But when we saw the images cme thrugh, we saw the kalas were very clear cmpared t the trees and the envirnment. S we thught, yes, this is abslutely a prf f a cncept that culd wrk,” he said.
The images sent back t a cmputer clearly shw the animal’s psitin, even frm a distance far enugh away nt t disturb its sleep. Scientists can scan the trees frm all angles, picking ut kalas even in the densest (稠密的) areas.
Scientists say it is nw clear that drnes with cameras can be used fr sptting, and perhaps saving, ther animals in the wild.
12．What can we learn abut kalas frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Kalas have nthing t eat but eucalyptus leaves.
B．Kalas’ fd is high in calries, s they are fat.
C．Kalas are nt very active because they like sleeping.
D．Kalas live in high branches s they are difficult t spt.
13．What is making the number f kalas decrease?
A．Hunting.B．Their natural predatrs.
C．Destructin f their habitat.D．Climate change.
14．Which f the fllwing is NOT an advantage f the new methd t spt kalas?
A．It can be used t prtect ther animals in the wrld.
B．The pictures sht by the cameras clearly shw kalas’ psitin.
C．It can be carried ut withut disturbing kalas’ sleep.
D．The kalas in the densest areas can be picked ut with this methd.
15．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Kalas Live in Australia
B．The Number f the Kalas Is Decreasing Sharply
C．Measures Must Be Taken t Prtect Kalas’ Habitat
D．Drnes Help Scientists Spt Endangered Kalas
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是澳大利亚研究人员为无人机配备摄像头，帮助发现躲在树上的考拉，以便为其制定保护计划。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Living in high branches, they are nt easy t spt frm the grund, and they have few natural predatrs (捕食者).(它们生活在高高的树枝上，从地面上很难发现，而且很少有天敌。)”可知 ，考拉生活在高大的树枝上，很难在地上发现它们。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The greatest threat t them is that lts f trees are being cut dwn.(对它们最大的威胁是大量的树木被砍伐。)”可知，对考拉来说最大的威胁是树木被砍伐，由此可知，造成考拉数量减少的原因是栖息地被破坏。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。由倒数第二段“The images sent back t a cmputer clearly shw the animal’s psitin, even frm a distance far enugh away nt t disturb its sleep. Scientists can scan the trees frm all angles, picking ut kalas even in the densest (稠密的) areas.(发回电脑的图像清楚地显示了动物的位置，即使是在足够远的距离不打扰它睡觉的情况下。科学家可以从各个角度扫描树木，即使是在最密集的地区也能找到考拉。)”可知，摄像头拍摄的考拉位置很清楚，在很远的距离就可以拍摄的到而不会影响考拉休息，同时，还可以在茂密的地区找到考拉，所有这些都是新设备发现考拉的优点，只有A选项“它可以用来保护世界上的其他动物”没有涉及到。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Small endangered animals are ften hard t find in their natural habitats (栖息地), making it difficult fr scientists t spt them and develp cnservatin plans. But new technlgies can help. Australian researchers have equipped flying drnes (遥控飞机) with cameras s they can spt kalas hiding high in trees. (小型濒危动物通常很难在它们的自然栖息地找到，这使得科学家很难发现它们并制定保护计划。但新技术可以提供帮助。澳大利亚研究人员为无人机配备了摄像头，这样它们就可以发现躲在高高的树上的考拉。)”并结合下文中对新设备帮助发现考拉的相关信息的介绍可知，本文讲了用无人机搭载摄像机的技术可以清楚地看到藏在树上的考拉，从而可以统计出考拉的数目，便于保护这种濒危动物，因此，本文的的标题为“无人机帮助科学家发现濒危的考拉”符合本文的内容，并且也概括了本文的主题。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023上·广东惠州·高一惠州一中校考期末）Stand up t Bullying(欺凌)
If yu r smene yu knw is being bullied, it can be hand t knw where t turn fr help. In this case, there’s the Anti-Bullying Week, which is held frm 14 t 18 Nvember. 16 . Many schls in the UK take part in this event.
What is bullying?
17 . Bullying is when a persn r grup f peple hurts smene else by frightening them r making them feel bad. Repeatedly making fun f smene r telling lies abut them is als bullying. Bullying can happen in persn and nline.
The effects f bullying
Being bullied has nthing t d with yur hair clr, what clthes yu wear, hw yu walk r talk. 18 . Everybdy is different and that’s what makes yu amazing. Hwever, bullying can make yu feel alne and scared, and can als make it difficult fr yu t cncentrate in lessns r make new friends. That is why it is s imprtant t reach ut t a trusted adult r friend and take the first step in getting help.
19 .
If yu’re being bullied, it’s imprtant t tell smene what’s happening. If yu find it hard t share yur feelings, practise saying things ut lud first r writing a letter instead. Yu can help smene else wh is being bullied by shwing that yu care abut them. 20 . Being there fr ther peple when they are suffering bullying sends a message t everyne that bullying is never acceptable.
A．Hw t stp bullying?
B．This help makes a big difference t.
C．In a wrd,it’s nt yur fault t be bullied.
D．Where t seek help,frm teachers r friends?
E．Sadly, 30%f children in the UK were bullied last year.
F．It includes making threats r hurting smene physically.
G．The Week shws hw peple can help and supprt each ther.
【答案】16．G 17．F 18．C 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。每年的11月14日至18日是“反欺凌周”。本文围绕霸凌的表现形式，造受欺凌对被欺凌人产生的影响，以及我们应谁如何应对欺凌现象。
【详解】1.前文“If yu r smene yu knw is being bullied, it can be hand t knw where t turn fr help. In this case, there’s the Anti-Bullying Week, which is held frm 14 t 18 Nvember.(如果你或你认识的人被欺负了，知道去哪里寻求帮助是很有用的。在这种情况下，有了反欺凌周，在11月14日至18日举行。)”提到人们不知遭遇到欺凌的时候向谁求助，于是有了每年的“反欺凌周”。G项“这一周展示了人们如何互相帮助和支持。” 说这个活动的目的，向人们展示如何互相帮助和支持，前后文是递进关系，关键词“The Week、help and supprt each ther”，故选G。
2. 根据标题“What is bullying?(什么是欺凌?)”可知，本段讲述欺凌的含义，下文“Bullying is when a persn r grup f peple hurts smene else by frightening them r making them feel bad. Repeatedly making fun f smene r telling lies abut them is als bullying. Bullying can happen in persn and nline.(欺凌是指一个人或一群人通过恐吓或让他们感觉不好来伤害别人。反复取笑别人或说谎也是欺凌。欺凌可能发生在现实生活中，也可能发生在网络上。)”讲述欺凌的各种形式，F项“它包括威胁或伤害某人的身体。”也是讲述什么是欺凌，故选F。
3.前文“Being bullied has nthing t d with yur hair clr, what clthes yu wear, hw yu walk r talk.(被欺负与你的头发颜色、你穿什么衣服、你走路或说话的方式无关。)”说你被欺凌与你的肤色、衣着或者举动没有关系，C项“总之，被人欺凌，这不是你的错”呼应前文。故选C。
4.空处是段落标题。根据下文“If yu’re being bullied, it’s imprtant t tell smene what’s happening. If yu find it hard t share yur feelings, practise saying things ut lud first r writing a letter instead. Yu can help smene else wh is being bullied by shwing that yu care abut them.(如果你被欺负了，告诉别人发生了什么很重要。如果你发现很难分享你的感受，那就先练习大声说出来，或者写封信。你可以通过关心别人来帮助那些被欺负的人。)”可知，这一段说的是如何应对和阻止欺凌现象的发生，因此选A“如何阻止欺凌?”作为主题句。故选A。
5.前文“Yu can help smene else wh is being bullied by shwing that yu care abut them.(你可以通过关心别人来帮助那些被欺负的人。)”讲述关心那些被欺凌的人，B项中的的“This help”指代前文提到的“关心被敬凌的人”，关心被欺凌的人会产生很大影响，因此B项“这也有很大的影响。”符合语境，故选B。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2023上·广东深圳·高一深圳市高级中学校考期末）Levi Miller’s life changed during an rdinary dinner with his family. That evening, directr Je Wright called t 21 the 11-year-ld the starring rle in Wright’s upcming mvie Pan.
The phne call led Levi t leave his hme in Australia t 22 in Lndn, England. His mther 23 her jb t accmpany him.
Levi began 24 when he was 2 r 3. He jined in sme f his lder sister’s dance shws. He wanted t share the 25 she was getting. When he was 5 r 6, he wn a drama cmpetitin as Peter Pan.
26 Levi still had a lt t learn n the set f his first mvie. First, he had t change his 27 t sund like he was frm Lndn. He learned abut life in Lndn during Wrld War II, which is when the mvie 28 . He als needed t figure ut hw t cry n cue. His 29 was t think abut his dg, wh had died nt lng befre.
At first, Levi felt very awkward arund the 30 actrs he wrked with. Fr example, it tk him several weeks t feel 31 calling Hugh Jackman “Hugh.” Befre that, he wuld 32 address him as “Mr. Jackman.”
Since that 33 experience, Levi has cntinued acting n 34 . His next mvie was a smaller Australian prductin called Red Dg. And this year he has a starring rle in the mvie A Wrinkle in Time.
Levi lves the 35 that acting prvides. He says, “Every time yu g n a set, it’s a whle different wrld, and I lve that.”
21．A．teachB．tellC．fferD．submit
22．A．filmB．wanderC．struggleD．explre
23．A．createdB．quitC．refusedD．cntinued
24．A．walkingB．dancingC．travelingD．perfrming
25．A．applauseB．burdenC．memryD．mney
26．A．SB．AndC．FinallyD．But
27．A．rleB．lifestyleC．accentD．dialect
28．A．cmes utB．takes placeC．spreads utD．ends up
29．A．reactinB．adviceC．trickD．sadness
30．A．nervusB．famusC．prudD．strange
31．A．freeB．cnfidentC．happyD．cmfrtable
32．A．nlyB．simplyC．casuallyD．actually
33．A．persnalB．lngC．firstD．relevant
34．A．screenB．stageC．demandD．purpse
35．A．awardsB．jbsC．advantagesD．pssibilities
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．D
【分析】这是一篇记述文。主要讲述了Levi在11岁时得到的一个角色改变了Levi的人生，自此开启了他的电影演艺之路。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，导演乔·赖特（Je Wright）打电话说将把他即将上映的电影《彼得潘》的主角给11岁的Levi。A. teach教授；B. tell告诉；C. ffer供给；D. submit提交。由后文“the 11-year-ld the starring rle”可知，是提供主演这一角色。故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一电话让Levi离开他澳大利亚的家去伦敦拍摄电影。A. film拍摄；B. wander徘徊；C. struggle挣扎；D. explre探索。由上文directr导演打电话以及下文“Levi still had a lt t learn n the set f his first mvie. ”（在他第一部电影的影棚里，他仍然有许多要学的东西。）可知，他是去拍电影。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他妈妈辞掉工作陪伴他。A. created创造；B. quit离开，放弃，辞去；C. refused拒绝；D. cntinued继续。 由句子“ t accmpany him.”可知，他的母亲辞去了工作，故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Levi2，3岁的时候，就开始表演。A. walking步行；B. dancing跳舞；C. traveling旅行；D. perfrming表演。由下文“He jined in sme f his lder sister’s dance shws.”可知，他加入了他姐姐的舞蹈表演。那么2-3岁应该是开始表演。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想要分享姐姐获得的掌声。A. applause鼓掌，喝彩；B. burden负担；C. memry记忆力；D. mney钱。由后句“his lder sister’s dance shws”可推知，姐姐表演获得的是掌声喝彩。故选A项。
26．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是，在他第一部电影的影棚里，他仍然有许多要学的东西。A. S因此；B. And和，并；C. Finally最终地；D. But但是。由上文“wn a drama cmpetitin”可知是他获得的小小成就，文中“Levi still had a lt t learn”他仍然有很多要学习的东西，上下文形成转折关系。故选D项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他必须改变自己的口音以便听起来像来自伦敦。A. rle角色；B. lifestyle生活方式；C. accent口音；D. dialect方言。由文中“t sund like he was frm Lndn.”可知，发音像是来自伦敦。动词change改变的是说话的口音。故选C项。
28．考查动词词组辨析。句意：他要了解第二次世界大战期间伦敦的生活，也就是电影发生的时间。A. cmes ut出版，发行；B. takes place发生；C. spreads ut分散，延长；D. ends up最终，结果。由文中which is when the mvie___8___ 中，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的先行词二战期间“during Wrld War II”，when引导表语从句，主语film，所以是发生的时间。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他必须要弄清楚如何在暗示下哭泣，他的诀窍是想想他不久前就死了的狗。A. reactin反应，回应；B. advice建议；C. trick诡计，诀窍；D. sadness难过，悲伤。由上文“figure ut hw t cry”，可知，他要学习怎么哭泣，就想想他死去的狗，可推知这是他自己的方法，诀窍。故选C项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：刚开始，Levi与他一起工作的有名的演员在一起感到很尴尬。A. nervus紧张的；B. famus有名的；C. prud骄傲的；D. strange奇怪的，陌生的。由下文例子Hugh Jackman 可推知是和有名的演员一起工作。 故选B项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他花了几周的时间才觉着舒适地称休·杰克曼为“休”。在此之前，他只会称呼他为“杰克曼先生。”A. free免费的；B. cnfident自信的；C. happy高兴的；D. cmfrtable舒适的。由下文he wuld 12 address him as “Mr. Jackman.可知，之前会很客气的称呼Mr. Jackman，现在直接称呼Hugh。推知这一变化是他适应了几周才让自己很舒服地这样称呼那个人。故选D项。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他花了几周的时间才觉着舒适地称休·杰克曼为“休”。在此之前，他只会称呼他为“杰克曼先生。”A. nly只；仅仅；B. simply仅仅，不过；C. casually偶然地，随意地；D. actually实际上。由上文“Levi felt very awkward”可知。他和名人一起工作感到尴尬，那么他肯定称呼也会非常正式。之前只会客气地称“Mr. Jackman”。故选A项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从有了第一次那样的经历，Levi继续在银幕上演戏。A. persnal个人的，私人的；B. lng长的；C. first第一；D. relevant相关的。由上文“Levi still had a lt t learn n the set f his first mvie”以及下文的His next mvie可知，有了第一次拍电影的经历，他下一步的电影是……。故选C项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从有了第一次那样的经历，Levi继续在银幕上演戏。A.screen屏幕，银幕；B. stage舞台，时期；C. demand要求；D. purpse目的。由文中mvie一词可知，Levi拍摄的是电影，可知是银幕。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Levi喜欢表演带给他的可能性。A. awards奖品，奖金；B.jbs工作；C. advantages好处，优势；D. pssibilities可能性。由下文“Every time yu g n a set, it’s a whle different wrld.”（每次你在影棚时，都是一个完全不同的世界。）可推知表演带给他不同的体验，也暗示是多样的可能性。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022上·河南洛阳·高一孟津县第一高级中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists at the University f Liverpl (UL) have develped a rbt that can run experiments n its wn. It’s nt new fr labs t use rbts. But earlier rbts usually stayed in ne place and 36 (d) ne jb ver and ver again. The UL rbt is different. It’s able t 37 (easy) mve arund in the same kind f space as humans d. It uses a special system called LIDAR t guide 38 (it). With ne lng arm which can turn in almst any directin, the rbt can use several different kinds f lab equipment and carry ut 39 variety f tasks.
The scientists says it tk a lt f wrk 40 (prgram) the rbt s that it culd d things withut 41 (make) mistakes. Once the prgramming is dne, thugh, the rbt makes 42 (few) mistakes than a human.
T test their rbt, the scientists gave it a task: find a material 43 was able t prduce hydrgen (氢) frm water. The rbt was prgrammed t understand the basic methds fr the experiment, but it 44 (give) 10 different things it culd change which culd influence the results. That meant that the rbt culd chse frm arund 98 millin different mini-experiments. Over the next 8 days, the rbt ran 688 experiments, always chsing its next experiment based 45 the results f the last ne.
【答案】36．did 37．easily 38．itself 39．a 40．t prgram 41．making 42．fewer 43．which/ that 44．was given 45．n/ upn
【分析】这是一篇说明文。利物浦大学(UL)的科学家已经开发出一种可以自己进行实验的机器人。文章对此进行了介绍。
36．考查一般过去时。句意：但早期的机器人通常呆在一个地方，反复做一项工作。根据“stayed in ne place”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填did。
37．考查副词。句意：它可以很容易地在和人类一样的空间里移动。修饰动词mve应用副词。副词easily意为“容易地”。故填easily。
38．考查反身代词。句意：它使用一种叫做激光雷达的特殊系统来引导自己。此处宾语和主语相同，所以应用反身代词。故填itself。
39．考查不定冠词和固定搭配。句意：机器人的长臂几乎可以向任何方向转动，它可以使用几种不同的实验室设备，并执行各种任务。a variety f意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配。所以此处应用不定冠词a。故填a。
40．考查t d不定式。句意：科学家们表示，为机器人编程花费了大量工作，这样它就可以在做事时不犯错误。“it d sth”意为“做某事花费……”，为固定句式，此处t d不定式为真正的主语，it为形式主语。故填t prgram。
41．考查动名词。句意：科学家们表示，为机器人编程花费了大量工作，这样它就可以在做事时不犯错误。在介词withut后应用动名词作宾语。故填making。
42．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，一旦编程完成，机器人犯的错误就比人类少。根据“than a human”可知，此处应用形容词比较级。故填fewer。
43．考查定语从句。句意：为了测试他们的机器人，科学家们给了它一个任务：找到一种能够从水中产生氢的材料。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为material，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填which/ that。
44．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：机器人被编程从而理解实验的基本方法，但它被给了10种不同的可以改变的东西，这可能会影响结果。根据“The rbt was prgrammed t understand the basic methds fr the experiment”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词give意为“给”，和主语it构成被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was given。
45．考查介词和固定搭配。句意：在接下来的8天里，机器人进行了688次实验，总是根据上一次实验的结果来选择下一次实验。be based n/upn意为“根据”，为固定搭配。所以此处应用介词n或upn。故填n/ upn。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
（2023上·广东惠州·高一惠州一中校考期末）假设你是李华校学生会将举办以“Let’s G Outdrs”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一则通知，内容包括：
1.演讲主题；
2.时间、地点；
3.报名注意事项。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ntice
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Unin
【答案】Ntice
T get us students ccasinally relaxed frm ur daily studies and prmte ur interest in life utdrs, we’ve scheduled t bld an English speech cmpetitin. The tpic f the cmpetitin is “Let’s G Outdrs”, which means that ur speech shuld center n the beauty f life utdrs, and ways t get in clse cntact with nature, and the significance f being expsed t the utside wrld. It’s strictly required that yur speech shuld be limited t ten minutes.
The cmpetitin will be held this cming Sunday afternn at the lecture hall f ur schl lcated n the secnd flr f the main building. It’s ur sincere hpe that yu can sign up fr the event and shw yur talent in English.
The Student Unin
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华校学生会将举办以“Let's G Outdrs”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一则通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举行：hld→hst
提高：prmte→imprve
比赛：cmpetitin→cntest
主题：tpic→theme
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The cmpetitin will be held this cming Sunday afternn at the lecture hall f ur schl lcated n the secnd flr f the main building.
拓展句：The cmpetitin will be held this cming Sunday afternn at the lecture hall f ur schl, which is lcated n the secnd flr f the main building.
【点睛】[高分句型1] T get us students ccasinally relaxed frm ur daily studies and prmte ur interest in life utdrs, we’ve scheduled t bld an English speech cmpetitin. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] The tpic f the cmpetitin is “Let’s G Outdrs”, which means that ur speech shuld center n the beauty f life utdrs, and ways t get in clse cntact with nature, and the significance f being expsed t the utside wrld. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
（2023上·湖南长沙·高一长沙市明德中学校考期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a kid, I came acrss a basic series f questins every time I was intrduced t a persn. Mst were easy: “Hw ld are yu?” “What grade are yu in?” “What d yu want t be when yu grw up?” But there was ne questin that trubled me: “What d yur parents d?”
Dad was a cmputer prgrammer, s that ne was easy enugh. “My dad wrks n cmputers,” I wuld say. But mm’s jb was hard t explain. She called herself a “nurse practitiner”. Mm explained it easier t make me understand. “Yu can say I teach nursing,” she said. “My mm teaches nurses,” I wuld repeat what she had said t me.
When that answer led t even mre questins, my respnse became simpler, “My mm is nurse,” thugh I was finally left wndering what it was she actually did. It definitely demanded a lt f time and energy and was imprtant t the injured. I gt my first clue abut what mm actually did when having a late-night trip with her t the hspital in Central Phenix.
Mm was called in t make runds unexpectedly that night. It was dark utside and almst time fr me t g t bed, s I was shcked when she asked if I wanted t cme alng with her. I lved the way the light frm the streetlamps passed thrugh the car. Being amazed at the view frm the frnt seat, I didn’t say much. Sme sft music was played n the radi in the car, which made me feel relaxed. When we arrived at the hspital, mm guided me thrugh the parking garage and led me t a small emergency waiting rm. There was nly a rw f white chairs alng each wall and a TV which weighed rughly three hundred punds.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
My mm handed me a bag f chclate and left the emergency rm t make her runds.
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Paragraph 2:
On the drive hme, I asked mm if she had seen a man whse arms were injured badly.
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【答案】Paragraph 1:
My mm handed me a bag f chclate and left the emergency rm t make her runds. There was nthing t d, s I started t bserve the nly ther persn in this waiting rm. I went t him and said, “Hi, my name’s Mnica. What’s yurs?” he answered me and we talked a lt. I nticed that his arms were injured badly. Befre lng, he was taken t the treatment rm. And I stayed there alne by myself until my mm came back.
Paragraph 2:
On the drive hme, I asked mm if she had seen a man whse arms were injured badly. She gave me a psitive respnse and tld me that the man wuld be fine after an peratin. I felt prud f her when I realized that my mm r ne f her students wuld be there when the man wke up. And I realized mm was a real-life superher, wh devted all her energy t her wrk in the hspital. She was a nurse practitiner—an educatr and a caretaker. And what she did made a difference, which even a kid culd see.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一直以为妈妈是护士，某天晚上，作者的妈妈突然被叫去巡视，让作者跟着一起去。作者来到急诊室开始和候诊室里一个胳膊受伤的人聊天，也是在这次经历中作者意识到妈妈是一名护士，既是一名教育工作者，又是一名看护人。她的所作所为带来了改变。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“妈妈递给我一袋巧克力，然后离开了急诊室去巡视。”可知，第一段可描写作者在急诊室的所作所为。
②由第二段首句内容“在回家的路上，我问妈妈她是否见过一个胳膊受了重伤的男人。”可知，第二段可描写作者对于妈妈工作的一些感悟。
2.续写线索：作者留在急诊室——作者和病患聊天——妈妈回来——作者和妈妈对话——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①走向：g t/ walk t
②意识到：realize/be cnscius/be aware
③致力于： cmmit neself t
情绪类
①肯定的：psitive/affirmative
②骄傲：feel prud f/ take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1] I nticed that his arms were injured badly. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] And what she did made a difference, which even a kid culd see. (运用了what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试题）Here cmes 4 mst ppular clubs in ur schl! Jin us, and we will help yu t find yur wn shining pints, lead yu t find beauty and t create beauty, and make yur campus life as fulfilling and happy as a dream.
Basketball Club
Students will be able t develp their basketball skills further and have the pprtunity t cmpete in basketball games with members frm ther internatinal schls in Beijing. The club will be available t 10—16 members frm grades 5 t 8, and will practice twice weekly.
Public Speaking Club
The Public Speaking Club will be centered arund the persnal develpment f students alng with develping public speaking skills. The club will be interested in fcusing n all skills in delivering better speeches and imprving cmmunicatin skills. The club will be available t 10—12 members frm grades 7 t 12, and will meet nce weekly (Wednesday).
Yga Club
Yga nt nly imprves balance, flexibility, and jint stability, but als serves as a peaceful escape frm the stress f daily life. Our students will have the chance t physically exercise while reducing sme stress frm their life. The club will be available t 10—16 members frm grades 7 t 12, and will meet nce weekly (Tuesday).
Media Club
The Media Club teaches students the basics f jurnalism. The club engages in a wide range f activities like interviewing teachers and students, writing abut big events n campus, and perating the weekly schl radi bradcasts. The club will be available t 8—12 members frm grades 6—12 and will meet nce weekly (Mnday).
1．Which club will attract students wh want t get bth mental and physical benefits?
A．Basketball Club.B．Public Speaking Club.
C．Yga Club.D．Media Club.
2．What will club members d at the Media Club?
A．Set up a schl radi.B．Write imaginary stries.
C．Learn public speaking skills.D．Interview teachers and students.
3．Where can the text be fund?
A．In a schl intrductin.B．In a research paper.
C．In a histry textbk.D．In a travel guidebk.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了作者学校最受欢迎的4个俱乐部。
1．推理判断题。根据小标题“Yga Club”下的“Yga nt nly imprves balance, flexibility, and jint stability, but als serves as a peaceful escape frm the stress f daily life. Our students will have the chance t physically exercise while reducing sme stress frm their life.（瑜伽不仅能改善平衡、柔韧性和关节稳定性，还能让你平静地逃离日常生活的压力。我们的学生将有机会锻炼身体，同时减少一些生活压力）”可知，瑜伽俱乐部既能锻炼身体又可以放松精神，所以能吸引那些想要身心俱益的学生。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据小标题“Media Club”下的“The club engages in a wide range f activities like interviewing teachers and students, writing abut big events n campus, and perating the weekly schl radi bradcasts.（俱乐部开展了广泛的活动，如采访老师和学生，撰写校园大事，运营每周的校园广播）”可知，在媒体俱乐部，俱乐部成员会采访老师和学生。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here cmes 4 mst ppular clubs in ur schl! Jin us, and we will help yu t find yur wn shining pints, lead yu t find beauty and t create beauty, and make yur campus life as fulfilling and happy as a dream.（我们学校最受欢迎的4个俱乐部来了!加入我们，我们将帮助你发现自己的闪光点，带领你发现美，创造美，让你的校园生活像梦一样充实、快乐）”可知，应该可以在学校的介绍中可以找到本文。故选A项。
B
（2023上·山东·高一山东省实验中学校考期末）Anne wke up at 6:00 a.m. this mrning because it was the first day f schl. She went int the bathrm, lked in the mirrr and started t scream. Her little sister wke up and went t see what was wrng. Anne started t cry, “It’s the first day f schl and my hair is a mess!”
Her little sister Emily shk her head, “Oh!Anne yu wke me up fr that. I’m ging back t bed.”
“THANKS FOR THE !” Anne screamed t her sister. She was really sad abut her hair. She started t search thrugh everything trying t find smething t fix her hair. Finally she fund sme hairspray. It helped a little but nt much s she went t pick ut her clthes. She had n idea what t wear. It was either her new dress with little pink bws all ver it r her favrite white but nw brwn T-shirt and ripped jeans since they were in style. She put n her T-shirt and jeans.
After she was finally dne with that, she went t the kitchen t find smething t eat. After eating, she went back int the bathrm. Afraid t lk in the mirrr, she started t brush her teeth. She turned n her radi and started t dance. Frgetting abut the slippery(滑的) flr, she slipped and hurt her head but trying t be brave, she gt back up and cntinued t brush her teeth.
She rinsed ut her muth and went back in the living rm. She glanced at the clck. It was 7:00. She hurried t get n the bus. She waited and waited, but the bus never came. S she went inside t see what time it was. It was 8:00.
She gt scared. She was running thrugh the huse screaming, “Mm! Mm! The bus frgt me!”
Her mm wke up and sat up. She started t laugh. “Schl desn’t start till tmrrw, silly,” her mm chuckled.
Anne std there a minute. “What! I gt up fr nthing. I have t d this all again tmrrw,” she thught.
4．Why did Anne chse her T-shirt and jeans?
A．They are fashinable then.
B．She liked t wear casual clthes.
C．She fund them cmfrtable t wear.
D．It’s required t wear new clthes fr schl.
5．What did Anne d while brushing her teeth?
A．She danced t music.
B．She lked in the mirrr.
C．She listened t the news.
D．She fell dwn carelessly.5
6．What des the phrase “rinsed ut” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Opened.B．Clured.C．Cvered.D．Washed.
7．What is the text mainly abut?
A．An active girl.
B．A big mrning.
C．An unfrgettable day.
D．The first day f schl.
【答案】4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Anne一大早为开学第一天所做的忙碌准备，但结果被妈妈告知明天才是开学日的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段“It was either her new dress with little pink bws all ver it r her favrite white but nw brwn T-shirt and ripped jeans since they were in style.(要么是她那满是粉色蝴蝶结的新裙子，要么是她最喜欢的白色但现在是棕色的T恤和破洞牛仔裤，因为它们当时很流行。)”可知，Anne选择T恤和牛仔裤的原因是它们很流行。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第四自然段“Afraid t lk in the mirrr, she started t brush her teeth. She turned n her radi and started t dance.(她不敢照镜子，就开始刷牙。她打开收音机开始跳舞。)”可知，她一边刷牙一边跳舞。故选A项。
6．词义猜测题。根据第四自然段最后一句“she gt back up and cntinued t brush her teeth.( 她站起来继续刷牙。)”以及第五自然段“She rinsed ut her muth and went back in the living rm.( 她rinsed ut她的嘴，回到客厅。)”可知，刷完牙应该是漱口，此处划线的短语表示“冲洗”，即漱口。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Anne wke up at 6:00 a.m. this mrning because it was the first day f schl. She went int the bathrm, lked in the mirrr and started t scream.( Anne今天早上6点就醒了，因为今天是开学的第一天。她走进浴室，看着镜子，开始尖叫。)”，第三、四段“She put n her T-shirt and jeans. After she was finally dne with that, she went t the kitchen t find smething t eat. After eating, she went back int the bathrm.( 她穿上t恤和牛仔裤。当她终于做完这些后，她到厨房去找吃的东西。吃完饭后，她回到浴室。)”以及最后一段“Anne std there a minute. “What! I gt up fr nthing. I have t d this all again tmrrw,” she thught.(安妮在那儿站了一会儿。“什么！我无缘无故就起床了。我明天还得再做一遍，”她想)”可知，文章主要讲述了Anne在早上为开学所作的各种忙碌的准备，结果被告知明天才是第一天开学日的故事。结合文章多个自然段所描述的她在早上所作的各种准备可知，文章主题为“一大清早”更合适。故选B项。
C
（2021上·河南安阳·高一安阳一中校考期末）The wrld’s elderly ppulatin is increasing. The number f lder peple — thse age 60 years r lder — is expected t duble by 2050 and is grwing faster than all yunger age grups acrss the glbe. That cmes with an increasing need fr caregivers which can prvide 24-hur care, nt nly at hspitals r nursing hmes, but als at private hmes.
Already, caregiving rbts are prgrammed t ask questins a nurse wuld ask and can keep an eye n patients fr falls These rbtic assistants are expected t becme increasingly marketable and reach 450,000 by 2045 because f the expected caregiver shrtage in the USA．
“Unluckily, the hard structure f present caregiving rbts prevents them frm a safe human-rbt interactin (互动), limiting their assistance t nly scial interactin and nt Physical interactin,” said Ramses Martinez,an assistant prfessr in Purdue’s Cllege f Engineering. “After all,wuld yu leave babies r ld peple in the hands f a rbt?”
Recent advances in material science have enabled the prductin f sft rbts with defrmable (可变形的) bdies r the ability t reshape when tuched, but tday the cmplex (复杂的) design prevents the use f this technlgy at hme.
Hwever, Martinez and ther researchers have develped a new design methd which shws prmise in enabling the prductin f sft rbts using a 3D printer.
The design prcess has three steps. First, a user makes a cmputer-aided design file (文件) with the shape f the rbt. The user then paints the file t shw which directins the different jints f the sft rbt will mve. It takes the cmputer a few secnds t change the cmputer-aided mdel int a 3-D sft machine that can be printed using any 3-D printer.
“The sft machines mve like humans. Their ability t change their bdy structure and mvement t adapt (适应) t a wide variety f envirnments will imprve caregiving greatly.” says Martinez.
The researchers are lking fr partners t test and bring their technlgy t market.
8．What des the underlined wrd “That” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．The yunger age grup.
B．The grup f lder peple.
C．The ppulatin acrss the glbe.
D．The grwth f the elderly ppulatin.
9．What is the disadvantage f the present caregiving rbts?
A．They can’t prvide safe physical interactin.
B．They can’t cmmunicate with patients.
C．They can’t watch patients fr falls.
D．They can’t prvide 24-hur care.
10．What d we knw abut Martinez’s new design methd?
A．It requires a special kind f 3D printer.
B．It makes the prductin f sft rbts simpler.
C．It has been put nt the market.
D．It is hard fr users t master.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The rbt industry in the future.
B．Effects f ppulatin ageing.
C．Rbts fr the elderly created with 3D printers.
D．The develpment f caregiving rbts.
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用3D打印机为老年人设计的机器人。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“The number f lder peple — thse age 60 years r lder — is expected t duble by 2050 and is grwing faster than all yunger age grups acrss the glbe. That cmes with an increasing need fr caregivers which can prvide 24-hur care, nt nly at hspitals r nursing hmes, but als at private hmes.(到2050年，年龄在60岁或以上的老年人的数量预计将增加一倍，而且增长速度超过全球所有年轻年龄组。这就需要越来越多的护理人员，不仅在医院或养老院，而且在私人家庭，他们可以提供24小时护理)”可知，划线词That指代的是上文提到的“老年人口的增长”。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Unluckily, the hard structure f present caregiving rbts prevents them frm a safe human-rbt interactin (互动), limiting their assistance t nly scial interactin and nt Physical interactin,” said Ramses Martinez,an assistant prfessr in Purdue’s Cllege f Engineering.(“不幸的是，目前护理机器人的硬结构使它们无法进行安全的人机交互，限制了它们的帮助只能进行社交互动，而不能进行身体互动，”普渡大学工程学院助理教授拉姆西斯·马丁内斯说)”可知，目前的护理机器人的缺点是他们不能提供安全的身体互动。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Hwever, Martinez and ther researchers have develped a new design methd which shws prmise in enabling the prductin f sft rbts using a 3D printer.(然而，马丁内斯和其他研究人员已经开发出一种新的设计方法，该方法显示出使用3D打印机生产软体机器人的前景)”可知，马丁内斯的新设计方法需要一种特殊的3D打印机。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Hwever, Martinez and ther researchers have develped a new design methd which shws prmise in enabling the prductin f sft rbts using a 3D printer.(然而，马丁内斯和其他研究人员已经开发出一种新的设计方法，该方法显示出使用3D打印机生产软体机器人的前景)”及倒数第二段““The sft machines mve like humans. Their ability t change their bdy structure and mvement t adapt t a wide variety f envirnments will imprve caregiving greatly.”says Martinez. (“柔软的机器像人类一样移动。他们能够改变自己的身体结构和运动以适应各种各样的环境，这将大大改善护理工作。”Martinez说)”可知，文章主要介绍了使用3D打印机为老年人设计的机器人。故选C项。
D
（2023上·湖南·高一长郡中学校考期末）Small endangered animals are ften hard t find in their natural habitats (栖息地), making it difficult fr scientists t spt them and develp cnservatin plans. But new technlgies can help. Australian researchers have equipped flying drnes (遥控飞机) with cameras s they can spt kalas hiding high in trees.
Kalas spend mst f their lives in eucalyptus trees (桉树), whse leaves are their favrite fd. Since the leaves are lw in calries and nutritinal cntent, kalas are nt very active — they sleep up t 20 hurs a day. Living in high branches, they are nt easy t spt frm the grund, and they have few natural predatrs (捕食者). The greatest threat t them is that lts f trees are being cut dwn. “Every single tree in Australia, right nw, needs t be prtected, and unless that happens I can prmise yu the kala is ging t becme extinct,” said Debrah Tabart, frm the Australian Kala Fundatin.
Scientists studying kalas say ne f the keys t saving animals is t knw where they live and hw many f them are left. Using drnes fitted with cameras t cnduct a census (数目调查) was an untested cncept. Queensland Institute f Technlgy technician Gavin Bradbent said they were dubtful at first. “But when we saw the images cme thrugh, we saw the kalas were very clear cmpared t the trees and the envirnment. S we thught, yes, this is abslutely a prf f a cncept that culd wrk,” he said.
The images sent back t a cmputer clearly shw the animal’s psitin, even frm a distance far enugh away nt t disturb its sleep. Scientists can scan the trees frm all angles, picking ut kalas even in the densest (稠密的) areas.
Scientists say it is nw clear that drnes with cameras can be used fr sptting, and perhaps saving, ther animals in the wild.
12．What can we learn abut kalas frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Kalas have nthing t eat but eucalyptus leaves.
B．Kalas’ fd is high in calries, s they are fat.
C．Kalas are nt very active because they like sleeping.
D．Kalas live in high branches s they are difficult t spt.
13．What is making the number f kalas decrease?
A．Hunting.B．Their natural predatrs.
C．Destructin f their habitat.D．Climate change.
14．Which f the fllwing is NOT an advantage f the new methd t spt kalas?
A．It can be used t prtect ther animals in the wrld.
B．The pictures sht by the cameras clearly shw kalas’ psitin.
C．It can be carried ut withut disturbing kalas’ sleep.
D．The kalas in the densest areas can be picked ut with this methd.
15．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Kalas Live in Australia
B．The Number f the Kalas Is Decreasing Sharply
C．Measures Must Be Taken t Prtect Kalas’ Habitat
D．Drnes Help Scientists Spt Endangered Kalas
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是澳大利亚研究人员为无人机配备摄像头，帮助发现躲在树上的考拉，以便为其制定保护计划。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Living in high branches, they are nt easy t spt frm the grund, and they have few natural predatrs (捕食者).(它们生活在高高的树枝上，从地面上很难发现，而且很少有天敌。)”可知 ，考拉生活在高大的树枝上，很难在地上发现它们。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The greatest threat t them is that lts f trees are being cut dwn.(对它们最大的威胁是大量的树木被砍伐。)”可知，对考拉来说最大的威胁是树木被砍伐，由此可知，造成考拉数量减少的原因是栖息地被破坏。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。由倒数第二段“The images sent back t a cmputer clearly shw the animal’s psitin, even frm a distance far enugh away nt t disturb its sleep. Scientists can scan the trees frm all angles, picking ut kalas even in the densest (稠密的) areas.(发回电脑的图像清楚地显示了动物的位置，即使是在足够远的距离不打扰它睡觉的情况下。科学家可以从各个角度扫描树木，即使是在最密集的地区也能找到考拉。)”可知，摄像头拍摄的考拉位置很清楚，在很远的距离就可以拍摄的到而不会影响考拉休息，同时，还可以在茂密的地区找到考拉，所有这些都是新设备发现考拉的优点，只有A选项“它可以用来保护世界上的其他动物”没有涉及到。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Small endangered animals are ften hard t find in their natural habitats (栖息地), making it difficult fr scientists t spt them and develp cnservatin plans. But new technlgies can help. Australian researchers have equipped flying drnes (遥控飞机) with cameras s they can spt kalas hiding high in trees. (小型濒危动物通常很难在它们的自然栖息地找到，这使得科学家很难发现它们并制定保护计划。但新技术可以提供帮助。澳大利亚研究人员为无人机配备了摄像头，这样它们就可以发现躲在高高的树上的考拉。)”并结合下文中对新设备帮助发现考拉的相关信息的介绍可知，本文讲了用无人机搭载摄像机的技术可以清楚地看到藏在树上的考拉，从而可以统计出考拉的数目，便于保护这种濒危动物，因此，本文的的标题为“无人机帮助科学家发现濒危的考拉”符合本文的内容，并且也概括了本文的主题。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023上·广东惠州·高一惠州一中校考期末）Stand up t Bullying(欺凌)
If yu r smene yu knw is being bullied, it can be hand t knw where t turn fr help. In this case, there’s the Anti-Bullying Week, which is held frm 14 t 18 Nvember. 16 . Many schls in the UK take part in this event.
What is bullying?
17 . Bullying is when a persn r grup f peple hurts smene else by frightening them r making them feel bad. Repeatedly making fun f smene r telling lies abut them is als bullying. Bullying can happen in persn and nline.
The effects f bullying
Being bullied has nthing t d with yur hair clr, what clthes yu wear, hw yu walk r talk. 18 . Everybdy is different and that’s what makes yu amazing. Hwever, bullying can make yu feel alne and scared, and can als make it difficult fr yu t cncentrate in lessns r make new friends. That is why it is s imprtant t reach ut t a trusted adult r friend and take the first step in getting help.
19 .
If yu’re being bullied, it’s imprtant t tell smene what’s happening. If yu find it hard t share yur feelings, practise saying things ut lud first r writing a letter instead. Yu can help smene else wh is being bullied by shwing that yu care abut them. 20 . Being there fr ther peple when they are suffering bullying sends a message t everyne that bullying is never acceptable.
A．Hw t stp bullying?
B．This help makes a big difference t.
C．In a wrd,it’s nt yur fault t be bullied.
D．Where t seek help,frm teachers r friends?
E．Sadly, 30%f children in the UK were bullied last year.
F．It includes making threats r hurting smene physically.
G．The Week shws hw peple can help and supprt each ther.
【答案】16．G 17．F 18．C 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。每年的11月14日至18日是“反欺凌周”。本文围绕霸凌的表现形式，造受欺凌对被欺凌人产生的影响，以及我们应谁如何应对欺凌现象。
【详解】1.前文“If yu r smene yu knw is being bullied, it can be hand t knw where t turn fr help. In this case, there’s the Anti-Bullying Week, which is held frm 14 t 18 Nvember.(如果你或你认识的人被欺负了，知道去哪里寻求帮助是很有用的。在这种情况下，有了反欺凌周，在11月14日至18日举行。)”提到人们不知遭遇到欺凌的时候向谁求助，于是有了每年的“反欺凌周”。G项“这一周展示了人们如何互相帮助和支持。” 说这个活动的目的，向人们展示如何互相帮助和支持，前后文是递进关系，关键词“The Week、help and supprt each ther”，故选G。
2. 根据标题“What is bullying?(什么是欺凌?)”可知，本段讲述欺凌的含义，下文“Bullying is when a persn r grup f peple hurts smene else by frightening them r making them feel bad. Repeatedly making fun f smene r telling lies abut them is als bullying. Bullying can happen in persn and nline.(欺凌是指一个人或一群人通过恐吓或让他们感觉不好来伤害别人。反复取笑别人或说谎也是欺凌。欺凌可能发生在现实生活中，也可能发生在网络上。)”讲述欺凌的各种形式，F项“它包括威胁或伤害某人的身体。”也是讲述什么是欺凌，故选F。
3.前文“Being bullied has nthing t d with yur hair clr, what clthes yu wear, hw yu walk r talk.(被欺负与你的头发颜色、你穿什么衣服、你走路或说话的方式无关。)”说你被欺凌与你的肤色、衣着或者举动没有关系，C项“总之，被人欺凌，这不是你的错”呼应前文。故选C。
4.空处是段落标题。根据下文“If yu’re being bullied, it’s imprtant t tell smene what’s happening. If yu find it hard t share yur feelings, practise saying things ut lud first r writing a letter instead. Yu can help smene else wh is being bullied by shwing that yu care abut them.(如果你被欺负了，告诉别人发生了什么很重要。如果你发现很难分享你的感受，那就先练习大声说出来，或者写封信。你可以通过关心别人来帮助那些被欺负的人。)”可知，这一段说的是如何应对和阻止欺凌现象的发生，因此选A“如何阻止欺凌?”作为主题句。故选A。
5.前文“Yu can help smene else wh is being bullied by shwing that yu care abut them.(你可以通过关心别人来帮助那些被欺负的人。)”讲述关心那些被欺凌的人，B项中的的“This help”指代前文提到的“关心被敬凌的人”，关心被欺凌的人会产生很大影响，因此B项“这也有很大的影响。”符合语境，故选B。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2023上·广东深圳·高一深圳市高级中学校考期末）Levi Miller’s life changed during an rdinary dinner with his family. That evening, directr Je Wright called t 21 the 11-year-ld the starring rle in Wright’s upcming mvie Pan.
The phne call led Levi t leave his hme in Australia t 22 in Lndn, England. His mther 23 her jb t accmpany him.
Levi began 24 when he was 2 r 3. He jined in sme f his lder sister’s dance shws. He wanted t share the 25 she was getting. When he was 5 r 6, he wn a drama cmpetitin as Peter Pan.
26 Levi still had a lt t learn n the set f his first mvie. First, he had t change his 27 t sund like he was frm Lndn. He learned abut life in Lndn during Wrld War II, which is when the mvie 28 . He als needed t figure ut hw t cry n cue. His 29 was t think abut his dg, wh had died nt lng befre.
At first, Levi felt very awkward arund the 30 actrs he wrked with. Fr example, it tk him several weeks t feel 31 calling Hugh Jackman “Hugh.” Befre that, he wuld 32 address him as “Mr. Jackman.”
Since that 33 experience, Levi has cntinued acting n 34 . His next mvie was a smaller Australian prductin called Red Dg. And this year he has a starring rle in the mvie A Wrinkle in Time.
Levi lves the 35 that acting prvides. He says, “Every time yu g n a set, it’s a whle different wrld, and I lve that.”
21．A．teachB．tellC．fferD．submit
22．A．filmB．wanderC．struggleD．explre
23．A．createdB．quitC．refusedD．cntinued
24．A．walkingB．dancingC．travelingD．perfrming
25．A．applauseB．burdenC．memryD．mney
26．A．SB．AndC．FinallyD．But
27．A．rleB．lifestyleC．accentD．dialect
28．A．cmes utB．takes placeC．spreads utD．ends up
29．A．reactinB．adviceC．trickD．sadness
30．A．nervusB．famusC．prudD．strange
31．A．freeB．cnfidentC．happyD．cmfrtable
32．A．nlyB．simplyC．casuallyD．actually
33．A．persnalB．lngC．firstD．relevant
34．A．screenB．stageC．demandD．purpse
35．A．awardsB．jbsC．advantagesD．pssibilities
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．D
【分析】这是一篇记述文。主要讲述了Levi在11岁时得到的一个角色改变了Levi的人生，自此开启了他的电影演艺之路。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，导演乔·赖特（Je Wright）打电话说将把他即将上映的电影《彼得潘》的主角给11岁的Levi。A. teach教授；B. tell告诉；C. ffer供给；D. submit提交。由后文“the 11-year-ld the starring rle”可知，是提供主演这一角色。故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一电话让Levi离开他澳大利亚的家去伦敦拍摄电影。A. film拍摄；B. wander徘徊；C. struggle挣扎；D. explre探索。由上文directr导演打电话以及下文“Levi still had a lt t learn n the set f his first mvie. ”（在他第一部电影的影棚里，他仍然有许多要学的东西。）可知，他是去拍电影。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他妈妈辞掉工作陪伴他。A. created创造；B. quit离开，放弃，辞去；C. refused拒绝；D. cntinued继续。 由句子“ t accmpany him.”可知，他的母亲辞去了工作，故选B项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Levi2，3岁的时候，就开始表演。A. walking步行；B. dancing跳舞；C. traveling旅行；D. perfrming表演。由下文“He jined in sme f his lder sister’s dance shws.”可知，他加入了他姐姐的舞蹈表演。那么2-3岁应该是开始表演。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想要分享姐姐获得的掌声。A. applause鼓掌，喝彩；B. burden负担；C. memry记忆力；D. mney钱。由后句“his lder sister’s dance shws”可推知，姐姐表演获得的是掌声喝彩。故选A项。
26．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是，在他第一部电影的影棚里，他仍然有许多要学的东西。A. S因此；B. And和，并；C. Finally最终地；D. But但是。由上文“wn a drama cmpetitin”可知是他获得的小小成就，文中“Levi still had a lt t learn”他仍然有很多要学习的东西，上下文形成转折关系。故选D项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他必须改变自己的口音以便听起来像来自伦敦。A. rle角色；B. lifestyle生活方式；C. accent口音；D. dialect方言。由文中“t sund like he was frm Lndn.”可知，发音像是来自伦敦。动词change改变的是说话的口音。故选C项。
28．考查动词词组辨析。句意：他要了解第二次世界大战期间伦敦的生活，也就是电影发生的时间。A. cmes ut出版，发行；B. takes place发生；C. spreads ut分散，延长；D. ends up最终，结果。由文中which is when the mvie___8___ 中，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的先行词二战期间“during Wrld War II”，when引导表语从句，主语film，所以是发生的时间。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他必须要弄清楚如何在暗示下哭泣，他的诀窍是想想他不久前就死了的狗。A. reactin反应，回应；B. advice建议；C. trick诡计，诀窍；D. sadness难过，悲伤。由上文“figure ut hw t cry”，可知，他要学习怎么哭泣，就想想他死去的狗，可推知这是他自己的方法，诀窍。故选C项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：刚开始，Levi与他一起工作的有名的演员在一起感到很尴尬。A. nervus紧张的；B. famus有名的；C. prud骄傲的；D. strange奇怪的，陌生的。由下文例子Hugh Jackman 可推知是和有名的演员一起工作。 故选B项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他花了几周的时间才觉着舒适地称休·杰克曼为“休”。在此之前，他只会称呼他为“杰克曼先生。”A. free免费的；B. cnfident自信的；C. happy高兴的；D. cmfrtable舒适的。由下文he wuld 12 address him as “Mr. Jackman.可知，之前会很客气的称呼Mr. Jackman，现在直接称呼Hugh。推知这一变化是他适应了几周才让自己很舒服地这样称呼那个人。故选D项。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他花了几周的时间才觉着舒适地称休·杰克曼为“休”。在此之前，他只会称呼他为“杰克曼先生。”A. nly只；仅仅；B. simply仅仅，不过；C. casually偶然地，随意地；D. actually实际上。由上文“Levi felt very awkward”可知。他和名人一起工作感到尴尬，那么他肯定称呼也会非常正式。之前只会客气地称“Mr. Jackman”。故选A项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从有了第一次那样的经历，Levi继续在银幕上演戏。A. persnal个人的，私人的；B. lng长的；C. first第一；D. relevant相关的。由上文“Levi still had a lt t learn n the set f his first mvie”以及下文的His next mvie可知，有了第一次拍电影的经历，他下一步的电影是……。故选C项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从有了第一次那样的经历，Levi继续在银幕上演戏。A.screen屏幕，银幕；B. stage舞台，时期；C. demand要求；D. purpse目的。由文中mvie一词可知，Levi拍摄的是电影，可知是银幕。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Levi喜欢表演带给他的可能性。A. awards奖品，奖金；B.jbs工作；C. advantages好处，优势；D. pssibilities可能性。由下文“Every time yu g n a set, it’s a whle different wrld.”（每次你在影棚时，都是一个完全不同的世界。）可推知表演带给他不同的体验，也暗示是多样的可能性。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022上·河南洛阳·高一孟津县第一高级中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists at the University f Liverpl (UL) have develped a rbt that can run experiments n its wn. It’s nt new fr labs t use rbts. But earlier rbts usually stayed in ne place and 36 (d) ne jb ver and ver again. The UL rbt is different. It’s able t 37 (easy) mve arund in the same kind f space as humans d. It uses a special system called LIDAR t guide 38 (it). With ne lng arm which can turn in almst any directin, the rbt can use several different kinds f lab equipment and carry ut 39 variety f tasks.
The scientists says it tk a lt f wrk 40 (prgram) the rbt s that it culd d things withut 41 (make) mistakes. Once the prgramming is dne, thugh, the rbt makes 42 (few) mistakes than a human.
T test their rbt, the scientists gave it a task: find a material 43 was able t prduce hydrgen (氢) frm water. The rbt was prgrammed t understand the basic methds fr the experiment, but it 44 (give) 10 different things it culd change which culd influence the results. That meant that the rbt culd chse frm arund 98 millin different mini-experiments. Over the next 8 days, the rbt ran 688 experiments, always chsing its next experiment based 45 the results f the last ne.
【答案】36．did 37．easily 38．itself 39．a 40．t prgram 41．making 42．fewer 43．which/ that 44．was given 45．n/ upn
【分析】这是一篇说明文。利物浦大学(UL)的科学家已经开发出一种可以自己进行实验的机器人。文章对此进行了介绍。
36．考查一般过去时。句意：但早期的机器人通常呆在一个地方，反复做一项工作。根据“stayed in ne place”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填did。
37．考查副词。句意：它可以很容易地在和人类一样的空间里移动。修饰动词mve应用副词。副词easily意为“容易地”。故填easily。
38．考查反身代词。句意：它使用一种叫做激光雷达的特殊系统来引导自己。此处宾语和主语相同，所以应用反身代词。故填itself。
39．考查不定冠词和固定搭配。句意：机器人的长臂几乎可以向任何方向转动，它可以使用几种不同的实验室设备，并执行各种任务。a variety f意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配。所以此处应用不定冠词a。故填a。
40．考查t d不定式。句意：科学家们表示，为机器人编程花费了大量工作，这样它就可以在做事时不犯错误。“it d sth”意为“做某事花费……”，为固定句式，此处t d不定式为真正的主语，it为形式主语。故填t prgram。
41．考查动名词。句意：科学家们表示，为机器人编程花费了大量工作，这样它就可以在做事时不犯错误。在介词withut后应用动名词作宾语。故填making。
42．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，一旦编程完成，机器人犯的错误就比人类少。根据“than a human”可知，此处应用形容词比较级。故填fewer。
43．考查定语从句。句意：为了测试他们的机器人，科学家们给了它一个任务：找到一种能够从水中产生氢的材料。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为material，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填which/ that。
44．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：机器人被编程从而理解实验的基本方法，但它被给了10种不同的可以改变的东西，这可能会影响结果。根据“The rbt was prgrammed t understand the basic methds fr the experiment”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词give意为“给”，和主语it构成被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was given。
45．考查介词和固定搭配。句意：在接下来的8天里，机器人进行了688次实验，总是根据上一次实验的结果来选择下一次实验。be based n/upn意为“根据”，为固定搭配。所以此处应用介词n或upn。故填n/ upn。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
（2023上·广东惠州·高一惠州一中校考期末）假设你是李华校学生会将举办以“Let’s G Outdrs”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一则通知，内容包括：
1.演讲主题；
2.时间、地点；
3.报名注意事项。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ntice
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Unin
【答案】Ntice
T get us students ccasinally relaxed frm ur daily studies and prmte ur interest in life utdrs, we’ve scheduled t bld an English speech cmpetitin. The tpic f the cmpetitin is “Let’s G Outdrs”, which means that ur speech shuld center n the beauty f life utdrs, and ways t get in clse cntact with nature, and the significance f being expsed t the utside wrld. It’s strictly required that yur speech shuld be limited t ten minutes.
The cmpetitin will be held this cming Sunday afternn at the lecture hall f ur schl lcated n the secnd flr f the main building. It’s ur sincere hpe that yu can sign up fr the event and shw yur talent in English.
The Student Unin
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华校学生会将举办以“Let's G Outdrs”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一则通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举行：hld→hst
提高：prmte→imprve
比赛：cmpetitin→cntest
主题：tpic→theme
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The cmpetitin will be held this cming Sunday afternn at the lecture hall f ur schl lcated n the secnd flr f the main building.
拓展句：The cmpetitin will be held this cming Sunday afternn at the lecture hall f ur schl, which is lcated n the secnd flr f the main building.
【点睛】[高分句型1] T get us students ccasinally relaxed frm ur daily studies and prmte ur interest in life utdrs, we’ve scheduled t bld an English speech cmpetitin. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] The tpic f the cmpetitin is “Let’s G Outdrs”, which means that ur speech shuld center n the beauty f life utdrs, and ways t get in clse cntact with nature, and the significance f being expsed t the utside wrld. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
（2023上·湖南长沙·高一长沙市明德中学校考期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was a kid, I came acrss a basic series f questins every time I was intrduced t a persn. Mst were easy: “Hw ld are yu?” “What grade are yu in?” “What d yu want t be when yu grw up?” But there was ne questin that trubled me: “What d yur parents d?”
Dad was a cmputer prgrammer, s that ne was easy enugh. “My dad wrks n cmputers,” I wuld say. But mm’s jb was hard t explain. She called herself a “nurse practitiner”. Mm explained it easier t make me understand. “Yu can say I teach nursing,” she said. “My mm teaches nurses,” I wuld repeat what she had said t me.
When that answer led t even mre questins, my respnse became simpler, “My mm is nurse,” thugh I was finally left wndering what it was she actually did. It definitely demanded a lt f time and energy and was imprtant t the injured. I gt my first clue abut what mm actually did when having a late-night trip with her t the hspital in Central Phenix.
Mm was called in t make runds unexpectedly that night. It was dark utside and almst time fr me t g t bed, s I was shcked when she asked if I wanted t cme alng with her. I lved the way the light frm the streetlamps passed thrugh the car. Being amazed at the view frm the frnt seat, I didn’t say much. Sme sft music was played n the radi in the car, which made me feel relaxed. When we arrived at the hspital, mm guided me thrugh the parking garage and led me t a small emergency waiting rm. There was nly a rw f white chairs alng each wall and a TV which weighed rughly three hundred punds.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
My mm handed me a bag f chclate and left the emergency rm t make her runds.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
On the drive hme, I asked mm if she had seen a man whse arms were injured badly.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
My mm handed me a bag f chclate and left the emergency rm t make her runds. There was nthing t d, s I started t bserve the nly ther persn in this waiting rm. I went t him and said, “Hi, my name’s Mnica. What’s yurs?” he answered me and we talked a lt. I nticed that his arms were injured badly. Befre lng, he was taken t the treatment rm. And I stayed there alne by myself until my mm came back.
Paragraph 2:
On the drive hme, I asked mm if she had seen a man whse arms were injured badly. She gave me a psitive respnse and tld me that the man wuld be fine after an peratin. I felt prud f her when I realized that my mm r ne f her students wuld be there when the man wke up. And I realized mm was a real-life superher, wh devted all her energy t her wrk in the hspital. She was a nurse practitiner—an educatr and a caretaker. And what she did made a difference, which even a kid culd see.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一直以为妈妈是护士，某天晚上，作者的妈妈突然被叫去巡视，让作者跟着一起去。作者来到急诊室开始和候诊室里一个胳膊受伤的人聊天，也是在这次经历中作者意识到妈妈是一名护士，既是一名教育工作者，又是一名看护人。她的所作所为带来了改变。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“妈妈递给我一袋巧克力，然后离开了急诊室去巡视。”可知，第一段可描写作者在急诊室的所作所为。
②由第二段首句内容“在回家的路上，我问妈妈她是否见过一个胳膊受了重伤的男人。”可知，第二段可描写作者对于妈妈工作的一些感悟。
2.续写线索：作者留在急诊室——作者和病患聊天——妈妈回来——作者和妈妈对话——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①走向：g t/ walk t
②意识到：realize/be cnscius/be aware
③致力于： cmmit neself t
情绪类
①肯定的：psitive/affirmative
②骄傲：feel prud f/ take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1] I nticed that his arms were injured badly. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] And what she did made a difference, which even a kid culd see. (运用了what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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