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Unit 1 What's the matter知识点总结
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这是一份Unit 1 What's the matter知识点总结，共14页。
Unit 1 What's the matter? 【教材内容解析】 Section A What’s the matter? (P. 1) What’s the matter意为“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了”，相当于What’s wrong with...或者What’s the trouble with...。 ---What’s the matter with my son, doctor? ---Nothing serious, only a slight cold. I have a stomachache. (P. 1) stomachache用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache的常见复合词还有：headache头疼、toothache牙疼。 Mary has a stomachache. lie down and rest. (P. 2) lie down意为“躺下”，lie用作动词可以表示“趟”或者“位于”，还可以表示“撒谎”。 She is lying in bed with a bad cold. Beijing lies in the north of China. It is a bad habit to lie. 【拓展】lie及lay一词多义 lie（躺、位于）—lay（过去式）—lain（过去分词）-lying（现在分词） lie（撒谎）—lied（过去式）—lied（过去分词）-lying（现在分词） lay（放置、下蛋）—laid（过去式）—laid（过去分词）-laying（现在分词） rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”，常用的短语为take/have a rest“休息”。 Let’s stop working and have a rest. take your temperature (P. 2) take one’s temperature意为“量体温”。 Please take your temperature first. Maybe you have a fever...(P. 2) maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与may be相互转换。 Maybe he is a foreigner. =He may be a foreigner. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2) need作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。 You needn’t go to the meeting too early. We need three more workers. He doesn’t need to worry too much. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P. 2) without用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。 They left without saying goodbye. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2) 本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，主句含有情态动词，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。含有if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或主句为祈使句、主句含有情态动词），if引导的条件状语从句则用一般现在时。 If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go to the park. ...when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3) see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。 I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday. see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。 I often see her dance in the park. The bus driver...stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3) think twice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。 You should think twice before you make the final decision. 【拓展】think的相关短语 think about 思考、考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 He got off and asked the woman what happened. (P. 3) get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。 Before getting off the bus, you should take care. (2) happen表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：sth. happens to sb.“某人发生了某事”。 An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3) have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。 We have to walk home because the car has broken down. We must study hard. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P. 3) expect的常见用法： = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① expect to do sth. 期待做某事 The fans are expecting to see the football star. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully. (2) wait的常见用法： = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事” We are waiting for the result of the exam. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② wait to do sth.“等待做某事” All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事” The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over. 14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① agree with sb. 同意某人 I can’t agree with you more. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② agree to sth. 同意某事 Do you agree to the plan? = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见 They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. = 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ agree to do sth. 同意做某事 Her parents don’t agree to marry their daughter to the man. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. (P. 3) thanks to表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或者代词，在句中作原因状语，相当于because of。 Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here. “It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3) 本句是“It is+形容词+that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。 It is important that we should protect the environment. (2) other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。 the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；the other之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。 another: 表示“三者中另一个”。 others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。 the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。 We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects. There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys. You should think of others. There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3) hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in。 The man hit the little boy in the face. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. (P. 3) right away意为“立刻、马上”，相当于at once或者right now。 As soon as he heard the news, he rushed out right away. Section B Someone felt sick. (P. 5) sick用作形容词，意为“生病的、有病的”，可以作定语或者表语，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表语。 I have to look after my sick grandpa. The old woman is seriously sick/ill. have problems breathing (P. 6) have problems (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有问题”，相当于have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。 She has problems (in) riding a bike. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. (P. 6) as用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。 As a student, you should study hard. (2) 辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth. be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 The boy used to play computer games. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 More and more wood is used to make paper. (3) risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。 The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building. =The fireman risked losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. (P. 6) because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用，不过because后面跟句子。 We can’t go out because it rains heavily. =We can’t go out because of the heavy rain. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. (P. 6) run out意为“用尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。 They ran out of their money. (2) 动词不定式短语to save his own life在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。 To learn Japanese, she went to Japan. You should work hard to get good grades. He was not ready to die that day. (P. 6) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① be/get ready for sth.“为……做准备” The students are reviewing lessons to get ready for the coming final exams. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事” The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble. 7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. (P. 6) (1) so that引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与in order that互换，从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。 We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2) too much用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too用来修饰形容词或者副词。 There is too much pollution today. The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. (P. 6) called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。 This is a book named/called Journey to the West. The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. (P. 6) seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。 The story seems true. What he said seemed to be a lie. It seems that they are going to pull down the house. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life. (P. 6) make a decision或者make decisions表示“做出决定”。 They expected you to make a decision. in control of意为“控制、管理”。 Who is in control of the project? His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6) (1) 在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。 He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 【拓展】在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。 It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。 It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ 如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。 Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you. keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，强调继续或者重复做某事。 You shouldn’t keep on thinking about it. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks. (P. 7) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① mind doing sth. 介意做某事 Would you mind opening the window please? = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事 Do you mind my/me calling you at night? Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P. 7) give up表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。 Don't give up your dream easily. He has given up playing computer games. 【重点短语和句型归纳】 重点短语 1. have a fever / cough / cold 发烧 /咳嗽 /受凉；感冒 2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼/胃疼 3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 /喉咙痛 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. take risks (take a risk) 冒险 7. in a difficult situation 在困境中 8. give up 放弃 9. make a decision 做出决定 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’s temperature 量体温 15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的；出乎……意料 28. thanks to 多亏了；由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦（或烦恼） 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开；从……出来 35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fall down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完；耗尽 46. so that 以便 47. so … that 如此……以至于…… 48. be in control of 掌管；管理 49. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 重点句型 需要去做某事 need to do sth. 2. 看见某人正在做某事see sb. doing sth. 3. 询问某人某事 ask sb. sth. 4. 期望某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 5. 同意做某事 agree to do. sth. 6. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 7. 想要做某事 want to do sth. 8. 告诉某人去做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 9. 做某事有困难 have problems (in) doing sth. 10.习惯于做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 11. 用某物去做某事 use sth. to do sth. 12. 好像做某事 seem to do sth. 13. 继续做某事 keep on doing sth. 14. 介意做某事 mind doing sth. 【语法讲解】 have表示“患病、遭受（病痛）” (1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达： What’s the matter (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？ What’s wrong (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？ What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？ What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？ Are you OK?你没事吧？ Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？ (2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构： ①某人+have/has+病症． The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。 Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。 ③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位． He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。 ④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词． He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。 ⑤某部位+hurt(s). My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。 ⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。 ⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位． There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。 should和shouldn't表示建议 Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。 We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。 Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？ 【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有： ①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？ Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？ ②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做„„好吗？ Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？ ③Why not do sth ?为什么不呢？ Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？ ④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？ ⑤Let’s do sth让我们做吧。 Let’s go home．咱们回家吧。 ⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。 You’d better not go there alone．你最好不要独自去那儿。 反身代词 1．反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。 We must look after ourselves and keep fit． 我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。 She often buys herself nice clothes． 她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。 Don’t think too much of yourself! 别过多地为自己考虑! 2．反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如： I don’t need any help．I can do it myself．我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的同位语)这句话不可表示成I don’t need any help，myself can do it． If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself． 如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语) 3．反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如： The little boy in the photo was himself． 照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。 反身代词构成的固定表达： by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone； enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have fun或have a good time； help oneself to…意为“随便吃或喝点……，随便用……"； keep…to oneself意为“不将某事说出去”； say to oneself意为“自言自语”。
Unit 1 What's the matter? 【教材内容解析】 Section A What’s the matter? (P. 1) What’s the matter意为“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了”，相当于What’s wrong with...或者What’s the trouble with...。 ---What’s the matter with my son, doctor? ---Nothing serious, only a slight cold. I have a stomachache. (P. 1) stomachache用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache的常见复合词还有：headache头疼、toothache牙疼。 Mary has a stomachache. lie down and rest. (P. 2) lie down意为“躺下”，lie用作动词可以表示“趟”或者“位于”，还可以表示“撒谎”。 She is lying in bed with a bad cold. Beijing lies in the north of China. It is a bad habit to lie. 【拓展】lie及lay一词多义 lie（躺、位于）—lay（过去式）—lain（过去分词）-lying（现在分词） lie（撒谎）—lied（过去式）—lied（过去分词）-lying（现在分词） lay（放置、下蛋）—laid（过去式）—laid（过去分词）-laying（现在分词） rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”，常用的短语为take/have a rest“休息”。 Let’s stop working and have a rest. take your temperature (P. 2) take one’s temperature意为“量体温”。 Please take your temperature first. Maybe you have a fever...(P. 2) maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与may be相互转换。 Maybe he is a foreigner. =He may be a foreigner. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2) need作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。 You needn’t go to the meeting too early. We need three more workers. He doesn’t need to worry too much. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P. 2) without用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。 They left without saying goodbye. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2) 本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，主句含有情态动词，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。含有if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或主句为祈使句、主句含有情态动词），if引导的条件状语从句则用一般现在时。 If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go to the park. ...when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3) see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。 I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday. see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。 I often see her dance in the park. The bus driver...stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3) think twice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。 You should think twice before you make the final decision. 【拓展】think的相关短语 think about 思考、考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 He got off and asked the woman what happened. (P. 3) get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。 Before getting off the bus, you should take care. (2) happen表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：sth. happens to sb.“某人发生了某事”。 An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3) have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。 We have to walk home because the car has broken down. We must study hard. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P. 3) expect的常见用法： = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① expect to do sth. 期待做某事 The fans are expecting to see the football star. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully. (2) wait的常见用法： = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事” We are waiting for the result of the exam. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② wait to do sth.“等待做某事” All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事” The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over. 14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① agree with sb. 同意某人 I can’t agree with you more. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② agree to sth. 同意某事 Do you agree to the plan? = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见 They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. = 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ agree to do sth. 同意做某事 Her parents don’t agree to marry their daughter to the man. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. (P. 3) thanks to表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或者代词，在句中作原因状语，相当于because of。 Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here. “It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3) 本句是“It is+形容词+that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。 It is important that we should protect the environment. (2) other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。 the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；the other之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。 another: 表示“三者中另一个”。 others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。 the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。 We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects. There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys. You should think of others. There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3) hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in。 The man hit the little boy in the face. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. (P. 3) right away意为“立刻、马上”，相当于at once或者right now。 As soon as he heard the news, he rushed out right away. Section B Someone felt sick. (P. 5) sick用作形容词，意为“生病的、有病的”，可以作定语或者表语，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表语。 I have to look after my sick grandpa. The old woman is seriously sick/ill. have problems breathing (P. 6) have problems (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有问题”，相当于have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。 She has problems (in) riding a bike. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. (P. 6) as用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。 As a student, you should study hard. (2) 辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth. be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 The boy used to play computer games. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 More and more wood is used to make paper. (3) risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。 The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building. =The fireman risked losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. (P. 6) because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用，不过because后面跟句子。 We can’t go out because it rains heavily. =We can’t go out because of the heavy rain. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. (P. 6) run out意为“用尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。 They ran out of their money. (2) 动词不定式短语to save his own life在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。 To learn Japanese, she went to Japan. You should work hard to get good grades. He was not ready to die that day. (P. 6) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① be/get ready for sth.“为……做准备” The students are reviewing lessons to get ready for the coming final exams. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事” The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble. 7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. (P. 6) (1) so that引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与in order that互换，从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。 We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2) too much用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too用来修饰形容词或者副词。 There is too much pollution today. The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. (P. 6) called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。 This is a book named/called Journey to the West. The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. (P. 6) seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。 The story seems true. What he said seemed to be a lie. It seems that they are going to pull down the house. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life. (P. 6) make a decision或者make decisions表示“做出决定”。 They expected you to make a decision. in control of意为“控制、管理”。 Who is in control of the project? His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6) (1) 在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。 He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 【拓展】在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。 It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。 It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ 如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。 Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you. keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，强调继续或者重复做某事。 You shouldn’t keep on thinking about it. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks. (P. 7) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① mind doing sth. 介意做某事 Would you mind opening the window please? = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事 Do you mind my/me calling you at night? Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P. 7) give up表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。 Don't give up your dream easily. He has given up playing computer games. 【重点短语和句型归纳】 重点短语 1. have a fever / cough / cold 发烧 /咳嗽 /受凉；感冒 2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼/胃疼 3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 /喉咙痛 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. take risks (take a risk) 冒险 7. in a difficult situation 在困境中 8. give up 放弃 9. make a decision 做出决定 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one’s temperature 量体温 15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热 17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生 21. go along 沿着……走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边 23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多想 25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 27. to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的；出乎……意料 28. thanks to 多亏了；由于 29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦（或烦恼） 32. right away 立刻；马上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开；从……出来 35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 37. fall down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完；耗尽 46. so that 以便 47. so … that 如此……以至于…… 48. be in control of 掌管；管理 49. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 重点句型 需要去做某事 need to do sth. 2. 看见某人正在做某事see sb. doing sth. 3. 询问某人某事 ask sb. sth. 4. 期望某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 5. 同意做某事 agree to do. sth. 6. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 7. 想要做某事 want to do sth. 8. 告诉某人去做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 9. 做某事有困难 have problems (in) doing sth. 10.习惯于做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 11. 用某物去做某事 use sth. to do sth. 12. 好像做某事 seem to do sth. 13. 继续做某事 keep on doing sth. 14. 介意做某事 mind doing sth. 【语法讲解】 have表示“患病、遭受（病痛）” (1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达： What’s the matter (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？ What’s wrong (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？ What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？ What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？ Are you OK?你没事吧？ Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？ (2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构： ①某人+have/has+病症． The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。 Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。 ③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位． He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。 ④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词． He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。 ⑤某部位+hurt(s). My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。 ⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。 ⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位． There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。 should和shouldn't表示建议 Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。 We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。 Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？ 【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有： ①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？ Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？ ②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做„„好吗？ Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？ ③Why not do sth ?为什么不呢？ Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？ ④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？ ⑤Let’s do sth让我们做吧。 Let’s go home．咱们回家吧。 ⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。 You’d better not go there alone．你最好不要独自去那儿。 反身代词 1．反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。 We must look after ourselves and keep fit． 我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。 She often buys herself nice clothes． 她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。 Don’t think too much of yourself! 别过多地为自己考虑! 2．反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如： I don’t need any help．I can do it myself．我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的同位语)这句话不可表示成I don’t need any help，myself can do it． If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself． 如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语) 3．反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如： The little boy in the photo was himself． 照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。 反身代词构成的固定表达： by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone； enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have fun或have a good time； help oneself to…意为“随便吃或喝点……，随便用……"； keep…to oneself意为“不将某事说出去”； say to oneself意为“自言自语”。
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