人教版高考英语一轮复习必修第3册UNIT4 SPACE EXPLORATION课时学案

这是一份人教版高考英语一轮复习必修第3册UNIT4 SPACE EXPLORATION课时学案，共17页。


1 determine vt.查明；确定；决定
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine(determine) whether a cw is sick.
②(2021·浙江1月)Unfrtunately we frgt t weigh them befre taking ut their insides, but I was determined t prve(prve) my pint.
③(2021·浙江6月)He built a hugely successful career with little mre than plain ld hard wrk and determinatin(determine)．
It's nt what happens t us that determines ur lives(决定我们的人生)—it's what we make f what happens.
◎determine t d sth.决定做某事
◎be determined t d sth.决心做某事
◎determinatin n．决心
◎with determinatin坚决地
◎be determined t make it t the tp决心要出人头地
◎make a determined effrt t stp smking痛下决心戒烟
◎wear a bright and determined smile面带灿烂而坚定的微笑
2 desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
①It was his desire fr wealth that led t his ending up in prisn.
②We all desire t create(create) a peaceful and stable envirnment fr ecnmic develpment.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Publishers already in business, peple wh were wners f successful papers, had little desire t change(change) the traditin.
(2021·浙江6月)He shwed us that even a single desire, never given up n, can make fr a remarkable life(成就非凡的人生)．
◎have a desire d...渴望……/渴望做……
◎desire t d sth.渴望做某事
◎desire sb. t d sth.想要某人做某事
◎desire that...(shuld) d sth.渴望……
◎achieve the desired effect达到预期效果
◎have a strng desire fr pwer有强烈的权力欲
◎satisfy yur desire t keep learning满足你不断学习的愿望
3 argue vt. & vi.[课本义]论证；争辩；争论 [增补义]主张；认为；说服
①Gun cntrl is a subject abut/ver which Americans have argued fr a lng time.
②His parents finally argued him ut f taking(take) the risky jurney acrss the desert.
③(2021·北京卷)This means that reslving an argument(argue) can feel like yu have reached a state f reslutin—and yu are less likely t be annyed.
(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)Of the students surveyed, mst believe that watching English mvies r listening t English sngs is the best apprach t learning English while a few argue that(而少数人认为) reading bks written in English r visiting English learning websites n a regular basis is their preference.
◎argue with sb. abut/ver sth.与某人争论某事
◎argue sb. int/ut f ding sth.说服某人做/不做某事
◎argue fr/against (ding) sth.据理力争/反对(做)某事
◎argue that...主张……；认为……
◎argument n．争论；争辩；论点
◎argue against lifting the ban反对解除禁令
◎keep arguing abut sme minr matters为一些小事争论不休
◎argue her int buying an expensive necklace说服她买了一条昂贵的项链
4 attach vt.[课本义]系；绑；贴 [增补义]重视；认为很重要或有意义
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)She's trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec­friendly.
②In my view, mre imprtance shuld be attached t preventing(prevent) financial risks.
③Her child was attached(attach) t screens t the pint where she was able t say “chclate” int his ear withut getting a respnse.
(普通表达)Since the schl thinks this event is very imprtant, we must try ur best t win the gld medal.
(高级表达)Since the schl attaches great imprtance t this event, we must try ur best t win the gld medal.
◎把……附在/贴在/固定在……上
◎attach neself t sb.缠着某人
◎attach imprtance/significance/value t...重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值
◎attached adj.依恋的；附属的
◎be attached t依恋；爱慕；附属于
◎attach yur pht t the applicatin frm把你的照片贴在申请表上
◎attach imprtance t develping green ecnmy重视发展绿色经济
◎be attached t his family and friends热爱他的家人和朋友
5 result in导致；造成
①(2021·北京卷)Frm 2000 t 2019, there were 7，348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld, resulting(result) in USD 2，970 billin in ecnmic lss.
②The survey shws these plicies have resulted in many elderly peple suffering(suffer) hardship.
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn't result in a useful respnse.
Even smething as simple as a walk thrugh yur neighbrhd can result in either mild excitement r unusual adventure(带来一丝兴奋或不寻常的刺激) if yu play the cards right.
◎result in sth.导致某事；产生某事
◎result in (sb.) ding sth.导致/使(某人)做某事
◎result frm (ding) sth.是(做)某事造成的；因(做)某事而产生的结果
◎lead t导致；引起
◎bring abut导致；引起
◎result in big benefits带来巨大的好处
◎result in misguided use f resurces导致资源的错误利用
◎result in elderly peple suffering hardship导致老年人受苦受难
6 [教材原句]Lking up at the stars, peple have always wanted t learn mre abut space, and scientists wrk hard t find answers.仰望星空，人们总是想更多地了解太空，科学家们也在努力寻找答案。
①Exercising(exercise) n a regular basis, yu will get rid f the truble f gaining weight.
②Believing(believe) the earth t be flat, many feared that Clumbus wuld fall ff the edge f the earth.
③Cmpared(cmpare) with the western medicine high fees, the traditinal Chinese medicine has a reasnable price that rdinary peple can affrd.
Walking n the way hme(走在回家的路上), the children sang and laughed ludly all the time.
分词短语放在句首，一般是作时间、原因、条件状语。现在分词作状语时，分词动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，分词动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Thinking that his slutin was impractical, I attempted t wrk ut the prblem in a different way.考虑到他的解决方案不切实际，我试图用另一种方法来解决此问题。
7 [教材原句]Over eight years later, n 20 July 1969, American astrnaut Neil Armstrng stepped nt the mn, famusly saying, “That's ne small step fr [a] man, ne giant leap fr mankind.” 八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”
①(2021·全国甲卷)A few minutes later，when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting(shut)：“Safe! Safe! Safe！”
②(2021·全国乙卷)My clleague refused t accept it, saying(say) that we were all just ding ur jb.
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Every year when my husband pulls ur camper ut f the garage, we are filled with a sense f excitement，wndering(wnder) what camping fun and adventure we will experience next.
They'll cme rushing in, saying their handbag's been stlen(说他们的手提包被偷了)．
现在分词常常在句子中充当伴随状语，此时，分词动作与句子的谓语动作是同时发生的，并且分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系。
Internet users have bradly welcmed the mve, saying this is a blessing fr Chinese students wh want t enter the university.互联网用户普遍欢迎这一举措，称这是希望进入该大学的中国学生的福音。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．Mike left hme, determined(determine) never t cme back until he made a frtune.
2．Viewing(view) the earth frm space, astrnauts find that it lks like a huge blue ball.
3．With its petrl running(run) ut, ur car came t a stp and we had t walk t the village.
4．At first we didn't feel we belng here, but nw we are attached(attach) t the land we live n.
5．Nictine may cause the teenage brain t develp abnrmally, resulting(result) in changes t the neural tissue.
6．The visiting minister expressed his satisfactin with the talk, adding(add) that he had enjyed his stay here.
7．Any cuntry desiring t sell(sell) prducts t American cnsumers needs t prduce them based n American standards.
8．As we get lder, ur reactins slw dwn and this ften results in peple aviding(avid) any ptentially challenging driving cnditins.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．It tk the delivery by ver half an hur t argue the custmer int withdrawing his cmplaint.
2．When my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Je, were united in their desire fr a dg.
3．The industrial revlutin resulting frm the inventin f the steam engine is imprtant fr mdern peple.
4．(2019·北京卷)If they run ut f certain daily necessities, Wilsn will drive t the nearest stre and purchase what's needed.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．Jhnsn struggles t earn a lt f mney because he has six children t prvide(prvide) fr.
2．I was beginning t feel alarm, but kept it t myself s as nt t wrry(wrry) my tw friends.
3．Light, the fastest thing knwn(knw) in the universe, takes ver 4 years t reach the nearest star system.
4．The pliceman signaled t me t pull(pull) ver and then gave me a speeding ticket.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．A small mistake can lead t an accident that/which kills everyne n bard.
2．Obviusly, explring space has already made a difference in the fight against wrld hunger.
3．These disasters made scientists sad and disappinted, but the desire t explre the universe never died.
4．Sme peple argue that we shuld find immediate slutins t prblems like pllutin and fatal diseases.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2021·全国甲卷)Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all crners f the UK and beynd. A
A．其他地方 B．除……之外 C．在另一边
2．(2021·八省新高考模拟演练)In return fr a fd reward ne bear, Brutus, wuld tuch the mre heavily dtted pattern with his nse.C
A．模式 B．模范 C．图案
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She was displeased with abslutely everything, nthing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．B
A．频繁 B．常客 C．定期
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为：The plan will extend prtectin , bringing ne authrity t...。句中的that引出一个定语从句， ne authrity是现在分词短语作伴随状语，后面的不定式t reduce...在句中作目的状语。
[尝试翻译]该计划将把保护范围扩大到许多以前未受保护的地区。为了提高效率，减少管理上的不协调，将由一个官方机构统一管理许多现有的大熊猫保护区。
2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The French take their 35­hur wrkweek seriusly—s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为：The French seriusly—s seriusly that sme labr a the number f hurs...。句子用了句型，that引出的是结果状语从句，从句中的limiting the number f hurs是现在分词作定语，修饰a deal，而hurs后面是that引导的定语从句。
[尝试翻译]法国人非常重视每周35小时的工作制，以至于一些工会最近与一部分公司达成协议，减少独立承包商的待命时长。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
Uranus wasn't 1.universally(universal) accepted as a planet until tw years after its discvery. It is the 2.seventh(seven) planet discvered in the Slar System that als resulted in the discvery f the last planet, Neptune. Uranus, 3.having(have) 27 knwn natural satellites, is cmmnly referred t as an ice giant, with its mass rughly 14.5 times that f Earth. It rbits the sun quite unusually, being the nly planet 4.whse equatr is nearly at a right angle t its rbit. Uranus is 5.htter(ht) at its equatr than at its ples. Due t the lack f sufficient evidence, astrnmers haven't yet figured ut why this is s. Uranus's atmsphere 6.appears(appear) quite bland in cmparisn t the ther giant planets, especially t Neptune whm it therwise clsely resembles. Hwever, new data 7.analysis(analyse) shws that the planet has a dynamic weather pattern, revealing 8.an astnishing amunt f cmplexity in Uranus's atmsphere. Images frm Vyager 2, the mst successful vehicle fr deep space missins ever 9.launched(launch) and the first spacecraft t fly by Uranus, have cnfirmed that there are traces f carbn dixide and hydrgen in its atmsphere, 10.but s far n image f the presence f xygen has been prvided.
Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①2020年12月17日凌晨1时59分，中国发射的航天器嫦娥五号携带装有月球样品的容器返回。
At 1：59 a．m. n December 17, 2020, Chang'e­5, a spacecraft launched by China, returned hme with a cntainer hlding lunar samples．
②这次成功着陆标志着中国探月计划又向前迈进了一步。
The successful landing signaled ne step further in China's plan t explre the mn．
③我们期望， 继嫦娥五号飞船之后，另一枚大型航天器能把我们的宇航员送上月球进行探索。
We desire that anther big spacecraft shuld send ur astrnauts t the mn fr explratin, fllwing the vehicle Chang'e­5.
④相信有一天，我们更多的自主开发的航天器继续进行太空探索，以期发现更多的宇宙秘密。
It's believed that ne day mre f ur independently develped spacecraft will carry n space explratin in the hpe f finding ut mre secrets f the universe．
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
At 1：59 a．m. n December 17, 2020, Chang'e­5, a spacecraft launched by China, returned hme with a cntainer hlding lunar samples. The successful landing signaled ne step further in China's plan t explre the mn. We desire that anther big spacecraft shuld send ur astrnauts t the mn fr explratin, fllwing the vehicle Chang'e­5. In additin, it's believed that ne day mre f ur independently develped spacecraft will carry n space explratin in the hpe f finding ut mre secrets f the universe.
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
我和妈妈大吵一番，然后摔门而出。又是失望又是沮丧，我感觉像漂浮在伤心的海洋中。后来，我饿了，但当时没有钱。一个卖面条的女人很热心，想帮助我。她亲切地笑着跟我打招呼，示意我坐下，然后请我吃了一碗热气腾腾的面条。我感动得流下了眼泪，抱怨妈妈对我太残忍。那位妇女叹了口气，说：“姑娘，再想想，你妈妈从你出生起就一直在抚养你！你为什么不感激呢？”直到那时我才意识到我是多么地蠢。我一跃而起，擦去眼泪，飞快地朝家跑去。
参考答案：
After arguing fiercely with my mm, I strmed ut f the huse, slamming the dr heavily. Disappinted and frustrated, I felt like flating in an cean f sadness. Later, I gt hungry, but I lacked mney then. A wman wh sld ndles was keen t help. She greeted me with a kind smile, signaled t me t sit dwn and treated me t a steaming bwl f ndles. I was mved t tears, cmplaining that my mm was cruel t me. The wman sighed, “Girl, think again. Yur mther has been prviding fr yu since yu were brn! Why were yu nt grateful？” Only then did I realize hw silly I was. I leapt t my feet, wiped ff my tears and rushed back hme like the wind.
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2020·浙江7月)We yelled at the bear, hit pts hard, and fired blank shtgun shells int the air.
2．(心理描写)(2020·浙江7月)My heart frze in my chest as I saw the tractr heading twards the mtrway.
3．(人物描写)(2021·唐山市强化考试)Slim and beautiful, she was the center f the hme, the glue that held it tgether.
(2022·大连市模拟)Then a thick burning smell filled the air. When Tm pened the frnt dr f their flat t investigate, a thick clud f smke greeted him. The mtrcycle shp had caught fire and peple were running and crying.
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．launch vt. & n．发射；发起；上市
2．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
3．signal vt. & vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
4．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
5．lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
6．flat vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
7．attach vt.系；绑；贴
8．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
9．resurce n．资源；财力；物力
10．facility n．设施；设备
11．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
1．The tiny rcket attached(attach) t the craft is designed t push the craft tward Mars.
2．He pinted t the chair in frnt f him, signaling(signal) t the interviewee t sit.
3．Fr thse lacking(lack) self­cnfidence, this special training prgram will be f great benefit.
4．China is already ne f the nly three natins t have launched(launch) manned spacecraft n their wn.
5．We flat arund in the air and the slightest tuch may send us flating(flat) ff in the ppsite directin.
6．We wuld make 100 cans t start with, then replace them ver and ver again with recycled(recycle) cans.
7．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ改)The GPNP's main gal is t eventually achieve a desired(desire) level f ppulatin in the wild.
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．intelligence n．智力；智能→intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
2．depend vi.依靠；依赖；取决于→dependent adj.依赖的；依靠的→dependently adv.依赖地；从属地；有瘾地→dependence n．依赖；依靠→independence n．独立；自主→independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地
3．argue vt. &vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点→arguable adj.可辩论的；可论证的；无把握的；有疑问的
4．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的 n．常客；老顾客→regularly adv.经常；定期地
5．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→limitatin n．范围；限制
1．Children are nt brn with equal intelligence, but dull nes can becme as intelligent as thers if taught prperly.(intelligent)
2．Depending n a survey, Tunisia cannt even prduce basic daily prducts independently, and the cuntry's ecnmic grwth has been heavily dependent n turism since its independence．(depend)
3．The Brwns are regulars t ur restaurant, wh cme here fr supper regularly. Of curse, we give these regular custmers a discunt n all their rders.(regular)
4．Because f being t fat, Wei Fang began t place a limitatin n the amunt f the fd she ate. Fr a time, her diet was limited t fruits and vegetables. Limiting the intake f tea t three r fur cups a day was anther weight lss methd suggested by her dctr.(limit)
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1．carry n
继续做；坚持干
2．n bard
在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in the hpe f ding sth.
抱着……的希望
4．s as t (d sth.)
为了；以便
5．figure ut
弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in
导致；造成
7．as a result
所以；结果(是)
8．prvide fr sb.
提供生活所需
9．in clsing
最后
10．run ut
用完；耗尽
1．She'd have enugh mney t prvide fr her children until she culd find wrk.
2．I'm afraid yu will miss the deadline, as time is running ut．
3．Cllege is when we shuld fcus n a specific majr, but high schl is when we have t figure ut what we'll majr in.
4．The climbers kept n mving upward in the hpe f reaching the tp with ne last effrt.
5．Peple have better access t health care than they used t, and they're living lnger as a result．
6．They decided t carry n with their experiment despite the strng ppsitin frm sme ther scientists.
7．The captain refused t leave his sinking ship while there were thers n bard．
8．Mre than 200 stres will be clsed natinwide, resulting in the layffs f an estimated 2，000 emplyees.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1．过去分词短语作伴随状语
Then Shenzhu 6 and 7 cmpleted a secnd manned rbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, fllwed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent t the mn t study its surface.
接着，伴随着一阵欢快的脚步声，一个高大挺拔的身影出现了。
Then came a tall and straight figure, accmpanied by a burst f cheerful ftsteps．(续写之人物描写)
2．waste time/mney ding sth.
Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney explring space.
许多人认为，浪费时间和精力玩网络游戏是很不明智的。
Many peple argue that it desn't make sense wasting time and energy playing nline games．(应用文之建议信)
用于情感描写的词汇
用于人物描写的词汇
disappinted; flat; keen
argue; lack; signal; prvide fr; leap