【期中单元考点讲义】（牛津沪教版） 2023-2024学年九年级英语上册Unit1 Wise men in history考点讲义

Unit 1　Wise men in history

1. At first, he was very happy with it.

  (1) at first "起初"

  辨析：at first与first of all

  At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind.

  起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。

  First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance.

  首先，打开窗子，然后关掉煤气，如果需要，叫一辆救护车。

  (2) be happy with sb./sth 意为“对某人或事物满意的”，

　　=be pleased/satisfied with sb./sth

  His teacher is happy with him. 他的老师对他很满意。

  She is happy with what I've done. 她对我做的很满意。

2. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown.

  (1) however"然而"

  辨析：however与but，二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其区别如下：

  however“然而；不过”，比较正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或

  后面要用逗号隔开，如在句中，其前后都要加逗号。

  It's raining hard,however,they're still working in the field.

  雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。

  but“但是”，表示很明显的对比，转折的意味比however要强，从语序上看，but

  总是置于引出的分句之首。

  I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now.

  我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必须整理花园。

  (2) begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，同义词组为begin doing sth.。

  When can I begin to work? 我什么时候能开始工作呢？

  When I got there,the singer had already begun singing.

  当我到那儿时，歌手已经开始唱歌了。

  (3) doubt此处用作及物动词，意为“不能肯定，对……无把握”。

  He doubts the truth of the news. 他怀疑那件新闻的真实性。

  I don't doubt that she'll come. 她一定来，我不怀疑。

  【拓展】①doubt用作不及物动词，意为“怀疑”，其后常接of,about。

    She doubts about everything. 她对一切都怀疑。

    He doubts of his success. 他怀疑他能否成功。

  ②doubt后接宾语从句时，名词从句用if/whether引导，名词从句也可用that引导。

　　I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我怀疑她是否会遵守诺言。

　　I don't doubt that we will win. 我们会获胜是没有疑问的。

  (4) real形容词，意为“真的，正宗的”，其副词形式为really。

  This is a real dog,not a toy. 那是一条真正的狗，不是玩具狗。

  辨析：real与true

3. “Is it made completely of gold?”he wondered.

  be made of "由……制成"。

  辨析：be made of与 be made from

  【中考﹒链接】

  Books are made        paper while paper is mainly made        wood.

  A. of;of          B. from;from       C. of;from        D. from;of

4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?”thought Archimedes.

  seem用作连系动词，意为“似乎，好像”，本句中后接形容词作表语，这种用法较

  常见，可以和seem to be相互转换。

  He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry. 他好像非常生气。

  用作实意动词，可接to do sth

  He seems to sing. 他似乎在唱歌。

5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water.

  fill…with…  意为“用……把……装满”，其被动语态形式为be filled with，相当于

  be full of

6. …so I'm certain that it's not completely made of gold.

  certain用作形容词，意为“确定的，肯定的”。

  常用结构：

  ①be certain+从句  一定……

　　I'm not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪儿。

  ②be certain to do sth.  肯定要做某事

　　He is certain to finish the task on time.  他肯定会按时完成任务。

  ③be certain of/about sth.  对……确信，有把握

　　We're certain of success.  我们有把握成功。

  ④be certain of doing sth.  有把握做某事

　　He is certain of winning the match.  他确信能赢这场比赛。

7. What's wrong with it?

   What's wrong (with sb. /sth)?是用来询问“某人发生了什么事情或某物出了什么

   毛病/故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同义句型为：What's the matte/trouble with...?

   What's wrong with you?  你怎么了（出什么事了）?

8. That's why I'm angry.  

   That's why... 意为“那就是……的原因”，why引导的是表语从句，用陈述语序。

   表语从句是在句中作表语的从句，常位于连系动词be,look等的后面。

   The alarm clock didn't go off. That's why he was late for school.

   闹钟没有响。那就是他上学迟到的原因。

9. How did Archimedes discover the truth?

  辨析：discover与invent

  这两个词都用作及物动词，都指人们首先见到新鲜事物，但含义不同。

  Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。

  Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。

10. However,Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch her son run.

  watch sb. do sth 意为“看某人做了某事或经常做某事”，表示看见动作发生、进行

  的全过程。其中do为省略to的不定式，作宾语补足语。

  I watched her go out of the room just now. 刚才我看到她从房间里出来了。

  【拓展】和watch用法相同的动词（组）还有see, hear, make, feel, notice, look at 等。

  Did you hear Jack call you? 你听见杰克叫你了吗？（动作结束）

  We often hear the girl sing English songs.

  我们经常挺大了那个女孩唱英文歌曲。（动作经常发生）

  I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily.

  下大雨的时候我听见狂风呼啸。（动作正在进行）

11. When you have written something, you should check your work to make sure the

  spelling, grammar and punctuation are all correct.

  (1) make sure意为“确保，设法保证”，后可接宾语从句或of短语。

  Make sure that they know nothing about our plan. 绝对不能让他们知道我们的计划。

  They scored another goal and make sure of victory. 他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。

  (2) correct 此处用作形容词(=right)，意为“正确的”，其副词为correctly(正确地)。

  【拓展】correct用作动词，意为“改正；纠正”    correct the mistakes 改正错误

12. …write what kind of mistake it is…

  mistake 用作可数名词，意为“错误”，常用短语：make a mistake /mistakes 犯错；

  by mistake 错误地

  You've made several grammatical mistakes in the composition.

  你在作文中犯了几处语法错误。

  I got on the wrong bus by mistake. 我搭错了公共汽车。

  【拓展】mistake还可用作动词，意为“弄错，搞错”。常用短语：mistake … for …  

  “把…误认为…”

  She didn't speak very clearly, so I mistook what she said.

  她说话不是很清楚，所以我误解了她的意思。

  He is often mistaken for a famous actor. 他常常被误认为是个名演员。

13. However, no one could find a scale large enough.

  ①enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，要放在其后。

　　He runs quickly enough. 他跑得足够快。

　　It's warm enough in the room. 屋子里够暖和了。

  ②enough后常接（for+名词/代词+）to do sth.，意为“…足够…做某事”。

　　The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻，这个男孩能搬动。

语法精讲【反义疑问句】

（一）概念：反义疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。

（二）要点注意：

　　1、反义疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”。

　　2、简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。

　　3、简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。

4、陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句。

（三）用法：

　　1) 陈述部分I am时，疑问部分要用 aren't I.

　　  I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?　（我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？）

2) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。如： The old man made no answer, did he?

　  　         Jim is never late for school, is he?

3) 陈述部分有情态动词

have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。

　　  We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

　　   used to，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

　　  He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

　     had better（最好） + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

　　  You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

　　4) 陈述部分有would rather（宁可、宁愿） +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

　　  He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

　　5 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

　　  You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

　　6) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

 Everything is ready, isn't it?

陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he.

　　    Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn’t he?)

　　    Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

7) think引导的宾语从句：

A.主语是第一人称

　　    I don't think he is bright, is he?

　　    We believe she can do it better, can't she?

　　  B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句

　　    He thought they were wrong, didn't he?  （不能说weren't they?）

8) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

　　    Don't do that again, will you?

　　    Go with me, will you / won't you?

 Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we（或用shan't we) ?

而Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you（或won't you）?

　　   Let's go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shan't we)?

　　   Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或won't you）?

　9) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there。

　　   There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

　　   There will not be any trouble, will there?

10) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

　　   It is impossible, isn't it?      　   　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?