2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考前必刷卷：英语01卷（人教版2019必修三至选必一）（考试版）A4

2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考前必刷卷

英语

（考试时间：120分钟  试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。

3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

4．测试范围：必修第三册和选择性必修第一册。

5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分40分）

第一节（共11小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分27. 5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

A

It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what.

Physiology or Medicine

Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.

Physics

Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.

Chemistry

The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.

Economics

The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions.

1．What prize is related to the research with bones?

A．Physiology. B．Chemistry. C．Physics. D．Economics.

2．For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?

A．About societal functions. B．About the history of America.

C．About banks and financial crises. D．About the Great Depression of the 1930s.

3．What do the prizes for physics, chemistry and economics have in common?

A．Their winners are from different countries. B．They have three winners.

C．They improve new technology. D．They help people understand hardship.

B

Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.

My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.

I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.

I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.

4．Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule?

A．Start the car as soon as everyone is seated.

B．Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.

C．Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.

D．Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.

5．The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ________ .

A．keep her appointment with the eye doctor

B．meet her father who was already an old man

C．join in the holiday celebration of the company

D．finish her work before the deadline approached

6．The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________ .

A．abandoned B．lacked C．avoided D．resisted

7．What is the best title for the passage?

A．The Emotional Well-being B．The Two Saddest Words

C．The Power of Now D．The Peace of Mind

C

Even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence, it’s time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal.

The tool, developed by Open AI, lets you type natural-language prompts (提示). ChatGPT then offers conversational responses. The robot remembers the information of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It draws its answers from huge volumes of information on the internet.

ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from. It’s not omniscient (无所不知的) or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound very authoritative (权威的). A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT.

But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle (不明显的).“It’s a mistake to be depending on it for anything important right now,” OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman said. “We have lots of work to do on robustness (稳定性) and truthfulness.”

As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer,” said Mike Krause, data science director at a different AI company, Beyond Limits. “It’ll be explained clearly and sound like it came from some professor at Harvard. But if you trick it, you’ll get nonsense.”

There have already been many students who use ChatGPT to help them cheat with their homework and essays, but as with many other technology developments, it’s not a simple black-and-white situation. Decades ago, students could copy encyclopedia (百科全书) entries and use calculators, and more recently, they’ve been able to use search engines. ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.

Many ChatGPT answers already sound like student essays, though often with an unnatural tone. High school teacher Daniel Herman concluded ChatGPT already writes better than most students today. He’s uncertain between admiring ChatGPT’s potential usefulness and fearing its harm to human learning. Dustin York, an associate professor of communication at Maryville University, hopes educators will learn to use ChatGPT as a tool and realize it can help students think critically.

8．Why does the author think ChatGPT is a big deal?

A．Because it’s artificial intelligence that offers conversational responses.

B．Because it’s knowledgeable in areas with good training data to learn from.

C．Because it has all kinds of potential disadvantages, easy to spot or more subtle.

D．Because it helped students with their homework essays and wrote even better.

9．What did Mike Krause mean when he said the underlined words in paragraph 5?

A．ChatGPT was not able to form indirect answers naturally.

B．ChatGPT was not able to answer indirect questions correctly.

C．ChatGPT was not able to reply to indirect questions quickly.

D．ChatGPT was not able to explain indirect answers properly.

10．Why did the author mention encyclopedia, calculators, and search engines?

A．To show that ChatGPT is a tool that can be as helpful.

B．To show that ChatGPT is an invention that will be accepted.

C．To show that students should be allowed to use ChatGPT to write essays.

D．To show that students should be banned to use ChatGPT to write essays.

11．What does the author think of ChatGPT?

A．potential and knowledgeable B．robust and truthful

C．imperfect yet promising D．authoritative yet misleading

第二节：（共5小题, 每小题2. 5分, 共12. 5分）

阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

From bird nests on rooftops to forest channels pulling cool air into city centers, innovative ideas are bringing nature into urban areas, all around the world. Here is a city that has found ways to mix greenery into its cityscapes (城市景色). ____12____

The High Line on the West side of Manhattan is a 2-kilometer long wheelchair-accessible public park. ____13____ It closed in the early 1980s and faced destruction before residents worked together to form Friends of the High Line, wanting to put the site to good use.

A design competition in 2003 generated interest and ideas for what to do with the space. ____14____ But the idea of an above-street level garden was recognized. And so the High Line opened in stages from 2009 to 2019, and is now a city greenway featuring over 150,000 flowers, shrubs and trees.

Engagement with the public is a huge part of the project’s success. In name, the High Line is administered by the NYC Department of Parks Recreation. ____15____ It’s considered by many to be a model for other cities seeking innovative ways to introduce green space into their urban landscape-Washington D．C． is hoping to follow the project’s example with their 11th Street Bridge Park.

This project shows how possible it is to mix nature into every cityscape. ____16____ As an innovative and inspirational way, it gives the whole planet a helping hand, even in the most urban of environments.

A．To be more realistic, it has a far more regional impact.

B．They are of great benefit to the population and the environment.

C．It was built along the remains of a section of a disused railway line.

D．To this end, it has introduced a number of “parklets” around the city.

E．The park is maintained and operated by enthusiastic volunteers in reality.

F．Perhaps rather sadly, amid-city rollercoaster (过山车) was considered impractical.

G．By 2030, no household should be more than a ten-minute walk from an accessible park.

第二部分 语言运用（共三节, 满分45分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.

Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years ____17____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a ____18____ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.

The research into new varieties requires strict standards and ____19____ experiments. “The first ____20____ is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of ____21____ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we ____22____ a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) ____23____ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.

“Generally speaking, a good new ____24____ should produce high yields, have stable production, and ____25____ good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ _____26_____ , it also should be accepted by the market.”

Zhang added that the team _____27_____ 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with _____28_____ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.

“Agricultural research work is _____29_____ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not _____30_____ . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find _____31_____ on the land,” she said.

17．A．advertising B．cultivating C．discussing D．observing

18．A．journalist B．teacher C．researcher D．manager

19．A．precise B．efficient C．simple D．expensive

20．A．way B．attempt C．step D．question

21．A．encouragement B．support C．management D．trial

22．A．begin B．continue C．follow D．repeat

23．A．practice B．application C．declaration D．invitation

24．A．environment B．machine C．farmland D．variety

25．A．produce B．enhance C．show D．develop

26．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise

27．A．watered B．bought C．protected D．planted

28．A．reporting B．designing C．conducting D．studying

29．A．normal B．tough C．varied D．specific

30．A．end up B．run out C．break up D．pay off

31．A．answers B．comfort C．dreams D．courage

第二节  单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）

32．Hannah is a model and performance artist____________ (devote) to ocean conservation.

33．Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became_________ (entire) different.

34．Despite the difficult ________(real), you must keep striving against pains and tears.

35．Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break ____________ in disasters.

36．The boy is addicted to________(play) computer games.

37．I’ve had moments of feeling sorry for myself, but I’ve never had any thoughts of ________ (commit) suicide.

38．Subsequently, they found it no good ________(expose) to too much information on the Internet.

39．By simply turning on the light in the room you could also switch ________your Internet connection.

40．She wants to have an ______(occupy) where her management skills can be put to good use.

41．It’s no use ________(cry) over split milk.

第三节  根据提示翻译句子。（共5小题; 每小题3分, 满分15分）

42．这对我而言是一次很棒的经历，从中我学会了要尊重他人。（respect）

43．受地震影响的灾民无法与外界取得接触，这增加了救援的难度。(access n.)

44．科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。(break)

45．多亏你不断地鼓励，我在学习上取得了显著的进步。(thanks to)

46．法律忽视了实际情况。(ignore)

第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节（满分15分）

47．假定你是李华，近期你市将于会展中心举办中国文化节，届时会有外国友人参加， 主办单位现向大众招募志愿者。请写一封信申请做志愿者。内容包括：

1. 写信目的;

2. 个人优势及能做的事情。

注意：

1. 词数80左右;

2. 开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数;

3 . 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：会展中心 Exhibition Center;

中国文化节Chinese Cultural Festival

Dear Sir,

My name is Li Hua, a student from a local high school.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节（满分20分）

48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Last Saturday, David was taking a walk in the park near his home when he noticed a woman with a boy of about eight years old. When David passed them, he heard the woman yell. “How stupid you are! You’re good at nothing.” David stopped and looked at the little boy. The boy said nothing. He just stood there, looking upset.

David was reminded of his English teacher Mrs Brown in middle school. After he entered a middle school, David lacked self-confidence because he was often made fun of by others. He was often told that he was good at nothing, which David behaved. But one day it all changed.

One day, in an English writing class, Mrs Brown asked them to read a novel. They were asked to write a new chapter of the novel after they finished reading it. A few days later, David handed in his story. He didn’t give it much thought. But the next day, to his surprise, the comment “well done” from Mrs Brown came into view the moment he turned to the page where the story was written. When David read that, he almost burst into tears. He never expected to be praised one day. He suddenly gained some self-confidence.

That day after he returned home, he wrote a short story and gave it to Mrs Brown the next morning. And again he was praised. David became very interested in writing. He often wrote short stories and asked Mrs Brown to read them and correct them for him. Mrs Brown always corrected the mistakes he had made and gave him good advice to improve writing skills. One year later, David joined the school newspaper and became an editor of it. He was no longer that boy who lacked self-confidence. He gained his confidence, and was hopeful about his future.

He succeeded in entering a college and kept writing. Several years after graduating from college, he had his first book published. With some more books coming out, he became famous as a writer in his country. And he owed his success to Mrs Brown’s encouragement. Without her encouragement, his life might be very different now.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Inspired by his own life story, David decided to do something for that boy.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The mother was ashamed when she heard that.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________