2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解题型分类练十词句猜测题__词义猜测类

阅读理解题型分类练(十)　词句猜测题——词义猜测类

A

[2022·石家庄市高三教学质量检测(一)]

Bob Shahmardi was 4 years old when he developed a severe disease. Success rates with the disease were relatively low at that time, but his family was lucky to find a community that was helpful when they didn't have many resources and it was at that time that Make­A­Wish stepped in. Through that organization, the Shahmardi family got to enjoy a trip to Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. The then 4­year­old hugged a character actor as part of a wish granted to him and his family by the organization. “It wasn't just going on a trip. It was more about how we got through that hard time. It was fun for me, but it was a lifeline for my parents，” said Bob.

30 years later, Bob and his wife, Jill Welch, decided to turn their wedding into a fundraiser for the Make­A­Wish Foundation. Their wedding guests financed two wishes of local children, with more being planned. Many donated generously to the cause, spending more, perhaps, than they might have if it was just to buy the couple a wedding gift like fine china or a kitchen appliance. Bob said their wedding donation to the Make­A­Wish Foundation isn't going to be a “one__and__done” situation. The second plan on continuing to contribute is going forward.

Gloria Jetter Crockett, president and chief executive officer of the organization, said she felt it amazing to have someone who benefited come back to pay it forward to other kids looking for wishes.

Contrary to popular belief, Gloria stressed that wishes aren't given to critically ill children as a “last wish”， but are given as a part of the treatment process. The organization granted at least 165 wishes last year. This year Gloria hopes to grant wishes whose number is somewhere between 199 and 299, depending on funding.

1．Which of the following helped Bob realize his wish?

A．The hospital.

B．Make­A­Wish.

C．The community.

D．Walt Disney World Resort.

2．What made Bob's wedding special?

A．Collecting money for local kids.

B．Receiving expensive gifts.

C．The attendance of officials.

D．The number of the guests.

3．What does the underlined part “one and done” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Once­only.    B．Nonstop.

C．Sizable.    D．Personal.

4．What did Gloria think of the wish given to Bob?

A．It was a fun experience.

B．It was a lifeline.

C．It was a certain treatment.

D．It was a last wish.

B

[2022·开封市高三第一次模拟考试]

America's youth is turning their back on tobacco. According to a study recently published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking among US high school students is at an all­time low. One in five US high school students in 2016 reported using a tobacco product within the past 30 days, an improvement from one in four students just one year before.

“These findings show the importance of continuing to implement the evidence­based strategies that we know work to reduce all forms of tobacco product use, including e­cigarettes, among our nation's youth，” says Brian King, the senior author of the study.

And it's not just tobacco: Drug use among US teens is down across the board. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has published annual reports on US teens' drug use since 1996, and the 2016 survey showed the lowest rates of illegal drugs and alcohol use. Marijuana (大麻) use remained“mostly steady”. “It is encouraging to see more young people making healthy choices not to use illegal substances，” says former director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy Michael Botticelli.

All individual forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, e­cigarettes, cigars, and smoke­less tobacco saw declines in using in 2016. Experts are especially encouraged by the decline in cigarettes, the most popular tobacco product among teens. In 2016, 11.3 percent of high school students reported using e­cigarettes, down from 16 percent in 2015.

Dr.King says adaptation is key to the decline of e­cigarettes.“We have over a half­century of science telling students about the harmful effects of tobacco use and what works best to prevent it，” says King.“E­cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among our nation's youth, and it's critical that our proven strategies are modernized to keep pace with the changing tobacco product landscape.”

5．What does the underlined word “implement” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Delay.    B．Perform.

C．Schedule.    D．Control.

6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．US teens' drug use has decreased.

B．There are many forms of tobacco.

C．E­cigarettes are popular among US teens.

D．The strategies are put forward by experts.

7．What may be the experts' attitude towards future declines in cigarette use?

A．Disapproving.    B．Suspicious.

C．Favorable.    D．Ambiguous.

8．What would be the best title of the text?

A．US Teens' Tobacco Use Declines

B．High Percentage of Teen Tobacco Use

C．The Harmful Effects of Tobacco Use

D．The Strategies to Reduce Tobacco Use

C

[2022·太原市高三模拟考试(一)]

Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only is the damage of time threatening our cultural heritage, but conflicts, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now the most essential weapon in the battle.Here's how technology is preserving our cultural heritage.

As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品) via crowdsourced 2D images is extremely time­consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) are being used to do all the required crowdsourcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours. AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods.

Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years.Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Waste accumulates everywhere, causing enormous problems.As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We'll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch！) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.

Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.

9．What does the underlined word “exacting” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Paying.    B．Cutting.

C．Receiving.    D．Demanding.

10．What is the advantage of AI in preserving cultural heritage?

A．It generates 2D images.

B．It makes restoration easier.

C．It makes preservation safer.

D．It creates replicas in seconds.

11．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage?

A.By recycling huge amounts of waste.

B．By reducing human impact on the site.

C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts.

D.By educating people about the sites' importance.

12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．How Technology Changes the Arts

B．What Cultural Heritage Means to Us

C．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced

D．Prepare for a Revolution in Technology

阅读理解题型分类练(十)

A

语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——社会服务——Make­A­Wish帮助孩子实现愿望

【语篇解读】　Make­A­Wish在Bob 4岁的时候帮助患病的他实现了去迪士尼的愿望。多年后，Bob在自己的婚礼上为Make­A­Wish筹款，而Make­A­Wish也会在未来帮助更多的孩子。

1．答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Through that organization... by the organization”可知，Make­A­Wish帮助Bob实现了愿望，故B项正确。

2．答案与解析：A　理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“turn their wedding... of local children”可知，Bob婚礼的特别之处在于他们通过婚礼进行筹款来资助当地儿童，故A项正确。

3．答案与解析：A　理解词汇。根据画线部分后面的“The second plan on continuing to contribute is going forward”可知，Bob和他的妻子Jill Welch会继续做这个事情，据此可以推断，画线词与“once­only”的意思相符，故A项与画线部分的意义最为接近。

4．答案与解析：C　理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的“Gloria stressed that... part of the treatment process”可知，Gloria认为给予孩子们的愿望是孩子们治疗进程的一部分，故C项正确。

B

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——研究发现——美国青少年吸烟率下降

【语篇解读】　研究表明美国青少年吸烟率有所下降，这是多年来美国对学生们教育的结果。

5．答案与解析：B　理解词汇。根据画线词所在句中的“strategies”可推知，此处表示“实施；执行”，故B项正确。

6．答案与解析：A　理解段落主旨要义。根据第三段中的“And it's not just tobacco: Drug use among US teens is down across the board”并结合本段的内容可知，本段主要讲述了美国青少年吸毒率下降，故A项正确。

7．答案与解析：C　理解观点、态度。根据第四段中的“Experts are especially encouraged... among teens”及第五段中的“it's critical that our proven strategies... product landscape”可推知，专家对未来青少年吸烟率下降的情况持乐观态度，故C项正确。

8．答案与解析：A　理解文章主旨要义。根据第一段第一句中的“America's youth is turning their back on tobacco”和第二句中的“cigarette smoking among US high school students is at an all­time low”并结合全文内容可推知，本文主要介绍了美国青少年吸烟率下降的情况，故A项正确。

C

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——运用科技保护文化遗产

【语篇解读】　历史与文化遗产无处不在，但是时间的破坏、冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在威胁着我们的文化遗产；使用人工智能等科技保护这些文化遗产是一个很好的方法。

9．答案与解析：D　理解词汇。根据该词所在句中的“Not only is... our cultural heritage”可知，不仅时间的破坏正威胁着我们的文化遗产；根据“but conflicts, climate... a heavy price”并结合语境可知，而且冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都要我们付出沉重的代价。据此可知，画线词表示“要求”。

10．答案与解析：B　理解具体信息。根据第二段尾句可知，人工智能还将使现存文化遗产的修复和保护更容易且比以前的方法优越得多。

11．答案与解析：B　推断。根据第三段最后两句“As more cultural heritage... with our own eyes”可知，VR技术将文化遗址和文物数字化，人们不用亲自去现场便能体验到这些文化遗址和文物，由此可推知，VR通过减少人类对遗址的影响来帮助保护文化遗产。

12．答案与解析：C　理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知，文章第一段最后两句“Technology is now... our cultural heritage”是全文的主旨句，又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能和VR技术保护文化遗址和文物的情况。故C项最适合作本文标题。