人教版中考英语复习语法专项突破第10讲动词的语态课件

这是一份人教版中考英语复习语法专项突破第10讲动词的语态课件，共38页。PPT课件主要包含了内容索引，知识网络建构，考点探究突破，活学活用 ，变换结构图 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

语态有两种: 主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态, 当主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态。如: Many peple speak English. (主语many peple是动作speak的执行者)English is spken by many peple. (主语English是动作speak的承受者)
被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
考点一　各种时态的被动语态
典例1Nw smartphnes　　　in many ways in ur daily life.  A.are used　　B.is usedC.are usingD.is using解析:由主语smartphnes与use之间存在动宾关系可知用被动语态; 再由主语是复数可知答案为A项。答案:A
2.It is reprted that Damia Culture Square 　　　in Taian next year.  A.will be built　　　B.were builtC.have builtD.will build 答案:A解析:主语Damia Culture Square和谓语动词build是被动关系, 故该题应用被动语态; 又因为next year“明年”是一般将来时的时间状语标志, 故选A项。
3.—It’s difficult t get t the ther side f the river. —I think a bridge 　　　ver the river.  A.shuld be builtB.shuld buildC.will buildD.has built答案:A解析:根据主语a bridge与build之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态。故选A项。
4.Peple wh 　　　t the party are very excited.  A.have invitedB.has been invitedC.will inviteD.have been invited答案:D解析:根据句意“已经被邀请去参加聚会的人非常激动。”可以判断需用现在完成时的被动语态。A项和C项为主动语态, 故排除; 而B项中, has和主语peple不能搭配。故选 D项。
考点二　主动语态变被动语态
2.变换步骤第一步, 先确定主动句的主语、谓语、宾语, 找出其中的谓语动词; 第二步, 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语, 若宾语是人称代词时, 应把宾格变为主格; 第三步, 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”, 但时态不能改变; 第四步, 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略), 若主语是人称代词时, 应把主格变为宾格。规律总结主动语态变为被动语态, 时态要保持一致, 句式要保持一致, 被动结构的主语与谓语要保持人称和数的一致。
3.几种特殊形式(1)主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等词后跟省略t的动词不定式, 变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号t。如: We saw an alien get ut f the UFO. →An alien was seen t get ut f the UFO.  规律总结后接动词-ing形式做宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时, 宾语补足语变为主语补足语, 但形式不变。对比: We heard Jim playing the guitar in his rm. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his rm.  
(2)谓语动词后接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)时①把间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语不变。如: He gave me a new bk.  　　↓　　 ↓间接宾语　直接宾语→I was given a new bk by him.  
②把直接宾语变为主语, 间接宾语前通常加介词t或fr。加t的动词有: give, bring, pass, lend, read, write, teach, shw等; 加fr的动词有: buy, sing, chse, make, leave, mend等。如: He gave me a new bk.  　　 ↓　　 ↓ 间接宾语　直接宾语→A new bk was given t me by him.  
(3)句中谓语是动词词组时, 变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。如: Jack turned n the TV just nw.  →The TV was turned n by Jack just nw.  (4)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时, 只需把宾语变为被动语态的主语, 而宾语补足语仍保留在原处, 做主语补足语。如: Our teacher tld us t clean the classrm at nce. →We were tld t clean the classrm at nce by ur teacher.
(5)表示“据说……”“听说……”或“相信”这种意思时, 常用Peple say... 或They believe... 等句型。这种句子变为被动语态时, 常用 It is said that...“据说……”等。It is reprted that... 据报道……It is believed that... 大家相信……It is well knwn that... 众所周知……It is thught that... 大家认为……(6)动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态为: t be+过去分词 The radi says a z is t be built in ur city. 收音机上说(广播说)在我们市将建—个动物园。
典例2Thugh the earthquake destryed many huses, peple didn’t lse hpe. (改为被动语态)Thugh many huses 　　　　　　　　　　　　by the earthquake, peple didn’t lse hpe.  解析:由主动句的时态为一般过去时, 且主语是many huses可知be动词用were。答案:were destryed
1.feel, lk, sund, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。如: The dishes smell s delicius. 菜闻起来真香。Yur idea sunds better. 你的主意听起来更好。
考点三　被动意义的几种特殊表达形式
2.有些动词如sell, cut, drive, write, pen, lck等作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。如: These bks sell well. 这些书很畅销。My pen writes smthly. 我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。
ding相当于sth.need/want/require t be dne(不定式的被动结构)。如: Yur rm needs cleaning. =Yur rm needs t be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。4.be wrth ding(值得做)中的ding表示被动含义。如: The mvie is wrth watching by everyne. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。
典例3The nvel is great. It’s well wrth 　　　.  A.readD.f reading解析:be wrth ding sth.“值得做某事”。此结构主动表被动。答案:C
“be+p.p.”表示动作时是被动语态; “be+p.p. ”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。1.含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作的执行者, 此时为被动语态。The windw is brken. 窗户坏了。(系表结构)The windw is brken by me. 窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)
考点四　被动语态与系表结构的区别
2.句中有地点、频率或时间状语时, 一般是被动语态。 The dr was clsed. 门是关着的。(系表结构)The dr was clsed at 9:00.九点钟关的门。(被动语态)3.系表结构中常用介词搭配, 被动语态中没有介词搭配。 We’re wrried abut the by. 我们担心那个男孩。