中考英语语法专题-虚拟语气

专题精讲：虚拟语气
教学内容
一、专题精讲

i. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

主/从句
时间
条件从句
主句

过去
had+过去分词
would (should/could/might) have + 过去分词

现在
过去式(be用were)
would (should/could/might)
+动词原形

将来
过去式/should/
were to+动词原形
would (should/could/might)
+动词原形

1. 虚拟语气用于if条件句中，主从句的谓语动词的相应形式参见上表。
2. 虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句中，主从句动作发生的时间不一致，这时主从句动词的形式应根据句意或时间来调整，选用适当的虚拟形式。
3. 如果条件句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，有时可以把if省略掉，但这时要把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have放在主语前。
4. 表示“若不是”之意时，可以用如下两种句型：
If it weren't for.＝but for…意为“若不是（对现在情况的假设）”。
If it hadn't been for.＝but for…意为“当时若不是（对过去情况的假设）”。
5. 在含蓄条件句中，可以用有些介词(with, without, but for)，连词(or, otherwise, but, however)、不定式短语、名词短语或陈述句表示虚拟的条件。

专项练习
1. Mr. Brown a house if he had enough money.
A. will buy B. would buy C. bought D. has bought
2. But for John, we the match last week.
A. would have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. lost
3. If the child hadn't been so tired, he asleep so quickly.
A. will not have fallen B. will not fall
C. would not have fallen D. had not fallen
4. The Smiths a lovely garden if they did some work in it.
A. will have B. would have C. have D. have had
5. If you learned to swim, you safer in the water.
A. will feel B. felt C. would feel D. feel
6. It a good match if it .
A. would have been... hadn't rained B. will be. .. hadn't rained
C. would have been... shouldn't rain D. will have been... didn't rain
7. If Mother you were coming, she'd have baked some cakes.
A. has known B. will know C. had known D. would know
8. Peter a rich man today if he more careful in the past.
A. is... had been B. was. .. were
C. will be... should be D. would be... had been
9. If I were to do this work, I it in my own way.
A. would do B. do C. will do D. did
10. If the plane crashed, we .
A. would all kill B. will all be killed
C. would all have been killed D. would all be killed
11. more carefully, she wouldn't have made so many mistakes.
A. If she listened B. If she listens C. If she has listened D. Had she listened
12. If he had taken my advice, he a scientist now.
A. will be B. is C. has been D. would be
13. , we would have visited the museum then.
A. If it does not rain B. Should it not rain
C. Had it not rained D. If it has not rained
14. Should it stop raining, I for a walk.
A. had gone B. went C. would have gone D. would go
15. he try again, he might be successful.
A. Could B. Might C. Must D. Should
16. If the teacher hadn't explained it to me, I the problem so well.
A. would never be understood B. had never understood
C. would never have understood D. will never have understood
17. —Why didn't you buy that dictionary?
—I if I had had enough money.
A. would B. would have C. have bought D. had bought
18. If Jane hadn't missed the early train, she on time, but she was late.
A. will arrive B. would arrive C. would have arrived D. had arrived
19. , he would be surprised.
A. Were Tom to see you B. Were Tom see you
C. If Tom is to see you D. If Tom has seen you
20. But for your help, I the place.
A. can't find B. can't have found C. couldn't have found D. haven't found
21. I known he needed money so badly, I might have managed to help him.
A. Unless B. When C. If D. Had
22. , I wouldn't do that.
A. If I am in your place B. Were I in your place
C. If I have been in your place D. If I am to be in your place
23. , I should paint the room white.
A. If I have been you B. If I would be you
C. If I will be you D. If I were you
24. If you were offered a trip to the moon, you it?
A. will... accept B. are... going to accept
C. do... accept D. would... accept
25. —Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
—I , but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would have C. was going to D. B or C
Keys: 1-5 BACBC 6-10 AC DAD 11-15 DDCDD
16-20 CBCAC 21-25 DBDDD


ii. 在宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法
1. 在表示一“坚持”(insist)，二“命令”(order，command)，三“建议”(suggest，propose，advise)，四“要求”(ask，require，request，demand)等动词的宾语从句中表示虚拟，其从句谓语用“(should)十动词原形”。
2. 注意：
1)在这些从句中，通常不省略that。
2) suggest作“暗示，表明”讲时，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
专项练习
1. My uncle suggested that I a job in a bank.
A. got B. would C. should get D. must get
2. They insisted that a meeting as soon as possible.
A. be held B. was held C. must be held D. hold
3. She ran as if she wings on her feet.
A. had B. has C. has had D. is having
4. I'd rather you that.
A. don't B. won't do C. hadn't done D. haven't done
5. I wish the train so late; then I could have got home before breakfast.
A. hadn't arrived B. didn't arrive C. wouldn't arrived D. mustn't arrive
Keys: 1-5 CAACA

iii. 虚拟语气用于同位语从句和表语从句中
1. 在表示建议、要求、命令、遗憾、主张、怀疑、惊奇等词的同位语从句中和表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”。
2. 常见的这类名词有suggestion，order，advice，idea，plan，pity，proposal等。
3. 常见的这类形容词有necessary，essential，strange，natural，urgent，funny，important等。
4. 以动词的过去分词充当的这类形容词有suggested，requested，ordered，proposed，decided，recommended等。
5. 在It'(high) time that..句式中，用过去式或should do表示；should不能省略。

专项练习
1. It is essential that every child the same educational opportunities.
A. has B. could have C. have D. had
2. The workers are working hard to meet the request that the railway to traffic on May 1.
A. is open B. will be open C. be open D. must open
3. It's necessary that a student English well.
A. learns B. learn C. must learn D. learned
4. The teacher made a suggestion that students more opportunities to practise oral English.
A. were given B. had been given C. should give D. be given
5. It's necessary that the students take notes in class.
A. should B. must C. would D. are to
6. We are all for Mary's suggestion that the discussion .
A. is put off B. puts off C. to be put off D. be put off
7. It is the teacher's suggestion that every student an English dictionary.
A. has B. have C. had D. having
8. He gave orders that the prisoners free.
A. are set B. were set C. set D. be set
9. I think it's high time you action.
A. take B. took C. are taking D. will take
10. It is time .
A. we go to bed B. he goes to bed C. we went to bed D. he go to bed
Keys: 1-5 C C B D A 6-10 D B D B C

iv. wish从句中的虚拟语气
1. …wish that…had done表过去。
2. …wish that…did/ were表现在。
3. …wish that…were doing表现在正在进行。
4. …wish that…were to/ should/ could/ might/ would +do表将来。
专项练习
1. I wish she to see my parents more often.
A. has come B. is coming C. will come D. would come
2. She often wishes that she a horse.
A. can rode B. can ride C. could rode D. could ride
3. How I wish I a university student and at university now!
A. am; study B. were; were studying
C. was; study D. were; studied
4. I wish the train already; then I could have got home before breakfast.
A. had arrived B. arrives C. would arrive D. arrived
5. —Is your father a model worker?
—No, but how he wishes he .
A. am B. had been C. were D. was
6. I wish I to repair the bike, for I only made it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. tried D. didn't try
7. His hair is very long. His parents wish he it cut.
A. will have B. has C. had D. would have
8. It is too noisy. I wish you down the radio at once.
A. will B. would turn C. are to turn D. can turn
9. I wish I the meeting last week.
A. could attend B. attended C. have attended D. had attended
10. —Have you been to Beijing?
—No, but I wish .
A. have B. will C. do D. had
Keys: 1-5 DDBAC 6-10 BCBDD

v. If only…！和as if/ as though引出的从句中虚拟语气的用法
1. If only…had done表过去。
2. If only…did/ were表现在。
3. If only…were/was +doing表现在进行。
4. If only…were to/could/would/ might /should+动词原型，表将来}
5. …as if…had done表过去。
6. …as if…did/ were表现在。
7. …as if…were doing表现在进行。
8. as if引导的从句有时用陈述语气，表示有根据的推测。
9. …were to/could/ would/ might/ should+动词原形，表将来。
专项练习
1. If only I speak French now!
A. could B. can C. may D. might
2. If only he the doctor's advice!
A. followed B. had followed C. follows D. follow
3. If only it now.
A. is snowing B. snows C. snowed D. were snowing
4. He looked as if he himself for years.
A. hasn't washed B. doesn't wash C. wouldn't wash D. hadn't washed
5. John talked as if he all the work himself, but in fact Harry and Lily did most of it.
A. did B. had done C. has done D. do
Keys: 1-5 ABDDB

vi. 在would rather/ prefer/ sooner和but that后引出从句时虚拟语气的用法
1. would rather/ prefer/ sooner…were/ did表将来。
2. would rather/ prefer/ sooner… had done表过去。
3. but that表达“若不是……”之意引出从句时，主句要用虚拟语气：would have done表过去；would do表现在或将来；would be doing表现在进行。
4. 在lest，for fear that，in case引出的从句中，用“(should)+动词原形”，表达“为了不……，以免……”之意时，从句用“should+动词原型”的虚拟语气，should可以省略。
5. 表达祝愿的句型有：
1)省略主语，动词用原形
2) May+主语+动词原形
6. otherwise或or（否则，不然）后引导的从句中常用虚拟语气。
专项练习
1. I'd rather you that.
A. don't B. won't do C. hadn't done D. haven't done
2. I'd rather my son to university right now.
A. go B. went C. will go D. goes
3. I you much money, but that I you lacked money then.
A. could lend... didn't know B. could have lent.... don't know
C. could have lent... didn't know D. would have lent... don't know
4. Here is a shilling in case you it.
A. should need B. might need C. need D. A or B
5. there never be another world war!
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will
6. prosperous and strong!
A. Let your country become B. Hope your country become
C. May your country become D. Your country it becoming
7. They must have liked the apartment otherwise they so long.
A. wouldn't have stayed B. wouldn't stay
C. didn't stay D. won't stay
8. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. should come D. would have come
9. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion; otherwise, she something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
10. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or he a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
Keys: 1-5 CBCAB 6-10 CADDD


二、专题过关

Part 1
1. to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
2. The secretary suggested that they the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought
C. brought D. bring
3. I wish I able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
4. If I more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
5. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King right away.
A. would be arrested B. must be arrested
C. be arrested D. had to be arrested
6. Jane's uncle insisted in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not
7. Without electricity human life quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
8. He demanded that the laboratory report immediately after the experiment was done.
A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written
9. The man insisted that he there.
A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent
10. If it tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
11. It is required that you at six.
A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
12. He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought .
A. was far away B. had been far away C. were far away D. went far away.
13. If it rain, we get wet.
A. is to. . . should B. were to... would
C. were going to... would D. was going to... should
14. If he to the teacher attentively, he the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know
C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know
15. today, he would get there for holiday.
A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves
16. I would have come earlier, but I that you were waiting for me.
A. didn't know B. hadn't know C. would have known D. haven't known
17. It's high time that we to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
18. It is really strange that the girl so early.
A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry
19. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I your birthday party.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
20. He insisted that he me before.
A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw
21. He wishes mistakes.
A. he doesn't always make B. he isn't always making
C. he didn't always make D. he wouldn't always making
22. Without your help, our team the last match.
A. won't win B. will lose C. wouldn't have won D. can't win
23. , I would take an umbrella with me.
A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you
24. If I had hurried, I the train.
A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught
25. He insisted that John it.
A. do B. does C. did D. would do
26. It is high time we off.
A. are B. were C. be D. will be
27. James wishes he the football game instead of the film.
A. saw B. see C. had been seen D. had seen
28. If I had known that, I so.
A. wouldn't do B. wouldn't have done
C. won't do D. have not done
29. The doctor suggested that she .
A. will not smoke B. not smoke C. would not smoke D. did not smoke
30. If I you, I wouldn't return the call.
A. be B. am C. was D. were
Keys:
1-5 DDCBC 6-10 CDBDB 11-15 BBBDB
16-20 ABCDC 21-25 CCCCA 26-30 BDBBD

Part 2
31. He suggested that the work at once.
A. would started B. would be started C. should started D. should be started
32. I didn't go to the party, but I do wish I there.
A. was B. were C. had been D. went
33. It is time we up our results.
A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum
34. If the doctor had been available, the child .
A. would not die B. would not have died
C. could not die D. could not have died
35. You are late. If you a few minutes earlier, you him.
A. came... would meet B. had come... would have met
C. come... will meet D. had come... would met
36. I can't stand him. He always talks as though he everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
37. Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he me how.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
38. I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
39. If it another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained B. would had rained C. have seen D. did see
40. He suggested that they use a trick instead of fighting.
A. should B. would C. do D. had
41. I would have gone to the meeting if I time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
42. John wished .
A. he will study more B. he had studied more
C. he studies D. he won't have studied more
43. —Why didn't you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I enough money.
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
44. today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
45. His doctor suggested that he a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
46. The Bakers arrived last night: if they'd only let us know earlier, at the station.
A. we'd meet them B. we'll meet them C. we'd have met them D. we've met them
47. We might have failed if you us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
48. The Law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C. have D. will have
49. Had I known her name, .
A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?
C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.
50. If I the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had
51. I wish I a young man again.
A. am B. was C. were D. will be
52. The librarian insists that John no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.
A. will take B. took C. take D. takes
53. I do not have a job. I would find one but I no time.
A. had B. didn't have C. had had D. have
54. He insisted that we all in his office at one o'clock.
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
55. —Helen couldn't-go to France after all.
—That's too bad, I'm sure she would have enjoyed it if .
A. she's gone B. she'll go C. she'd gone D. she'd go
56. If her husband had not liked the dress .
A. she would be delighted B. he would get mad
C. she would have returned it D. she must have taken it back to the store
57. But for the leadership of our Party, we .
A. shouldn't succeed B. could not have succeeded
C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded
58. If you hadn't gone with Tom to the party last night, .
A. you would meet John already B. you won't have missed John
C. you will have met John D. you would have met John
59. The teacher suggested that each student a plan for the vacation.
A. made B. make C. makes D. will make
60. Frankly, I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. don't do C. didn't do D. will not do
Keys:　
31-35 DCBBB 36-40 ADCAA 41-45　 ABDCC
46-50 CCCDD 51-55 CCDAC 　　56-60 CBDBC

Part 3
61. It's high time you .
A. start to work B. would start to work
C. started to work D. had started to work
62. We required that the machine parts cast iron.
A. is made of B. be made from C. be made of D. is made by
63. I wish our teacher to give another test. I haven't got prepared yet.
A. isn't going B. weren't going
C. will not going D. could have gone
64. It is required that the machine as frequently as necessary.
A. be oiled B. must be oiled C. is oiled D. will oil
65. His English teacher recommends that he a regular degree program.
A. begins B. begin C. will begin D. is beginning
66. What do you think of his proposal that improvements in the old type of vacuum cleaner?
A. be made B. will be made C. would be made D. will have to be made
67. The doctor's advice is that the patient about his real physical condition.
A. be not told B. not be told C. will not be told D. must not be told
68. If we had been more careful, we much better results now.
A. got B. had got C. would be getting D. would have got
69. Sally can't have written to me, or the letter by now.
A. I’ll get B. I'll have got C. I'd have got D. I'd get
70. I should very much like to have gone to the party but I .
A. am not invited B. was not invited C. shall not be invited D. am not being invited
71. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature.
A. be heated B. is heated C. would be heated D. to heat
72. If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we her at the bus station.
A. may have met B. might meet C. may meet D. might have met
73. today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Was he leaving B. If he is leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
74. He is a poorly learnt man. But he acts as though he .
A. is not B. were not C. should be D. seems like
75. the fog, we should have reached our destination.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
76. The old man went to office on foot, but he by bus.
A. might have gone B. ought have gone
C. could have gone D. should be gone
77. He is working hard for fear that he to pass the exam.
A. fails B. may fail C. should fail D. would fail
78. But for your advice, I into trouble.
A. would get B. got C. might have got D. should get
79. for the traffic jam, I should have covered fifty miles.
A. Had it been B. Had it not been C. It had not been D. It not had been
80. Were it not for the adoption of the open policy, things they are today.
A. would never be B. could have been C. would never have been D. didn't have
81. Tom would buy that bicycle but he no money.
A. had B. has C. had had D. has had
82. It is strange that such a thing in your school.
A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened
83. —Why don't you explain it to her?
—I it to her if I thought she would understand.
A. would explain B. will explain C. explain D. would have explained
84. I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.
A. will leave B. may leave C. leave D. leaves
85. the work, he would do it some other way.
A. Was he going B. If he does C. Were he to do D. If he is doing
86. At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club open until midnight was defeated.
A. remains B. remain C. remained D. would remain
87. It's high time we to the theater.
A. will go B. shall go C. are going to D. went
88. It's strange that they nothing about this matter.
A. should know B. would know C. had known D. knew
89. —Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?
—I would have, but I so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
90. —What's the matter with you?
—Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried fish just now.
A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten
C. shouldn't have eaten D. mustn't eat
Keys:
61-65 CCBAB 66-70 ABDCB 71-75 ADCBD
76-80 CCCBC 81-85 BCACC 86-90 BDACC
首字母专题训练：
Charles Dickens was one of the most important writers of the 19th century, but his influence has gone far beyond just literature. Many of his phrases, characters and(86) i have become part of modern culture.
One of the things Dickens cared about most was those at the bottom. Dickens was an outspoken social critic in general, but (87)e about poverty. He was one of the first to(88) o_______________ a serious look at the underclass in Victorian London. The writer sought to help the poor by highlighting the social inequality in his country.
Dickens himself had some experiences in this area. His father had little skill in financial management and this eventually left him and all of his family in a debtors’ prison for six months. The young Dickens worked in a cousin’s shop, pasting labels on bottles for six shillings a week. After he became famous, Dickens severely criticized the bureaucracy in positions of power that particularly hurt the weak and poor.
In Oliver Twist—one of Dickens’ most influential works—Oliver, the (88)m character, is born in a poorhouse, where people are essentially treated like prisoners. The orphan boy is later sold to an “infant farm,” but he (89)e from there and travels to London, where he works for a gang of thieves led by Fagin, the Artful Dodger and Nancy. Despite her criminality, Nancy is portrayed as a sympathetic figure, one who tries to get Oliver out of a life of crime. Readers could see through her character that the poor are forced into poverty because of the problems in society. Nancy seems to be symbolic of the Victorians’ beating down on those who were sympathetic to the poor. She also seems like an indirect criticism by Dickens of society for having such an (90)a .
Today, “Dickensian” has become the (91)e word to describe an unacceptable level of poverty. Dickens was a writer who often injected his work with realism and social criticism, and that may be what makes his novels so memorable. We are exposed to tragedies of inequality and poverty, but in a way that is engaging to us.
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