2023年中考英语一模复习——动词时态与被动语态

中考一模复习——动词时态和被动语态

课前检测

1. ---Hello, Peter! What are you doing?

--- I'm watching a football match. It started at 7:00 p.m. and it ____ on for another hour.

A. has been        B. was            C. is               D. will be

2. ---I didn't see you at the meeting yesterday, why?

--- I ____ for a long distance call from my friend in England.

A. waited            B. was waiting       C. will wait           D. have waited

3.―Haven't you handed in your project?

  ―Yes. My classmates and I        on it for the whole weekend.

  A. have worked    B. are working     C. work      D. worked

4.―Yesterday Alice fell over and was hurt badly while she      a snowball.

  ―I'm sorry to hear that.

1. made     B. was making      C. makes     D. is making

5.―Mike, I haven't seen your elder sister for a long time.

  ―She       Hong Kong on business for a few days.

  A. went to            B. has gone to          C. has been to        D. has been in

6.―Eric, can you bring me the scissors?

  ―Just a moment. I        the paper-cutting with it.

  A. make       B. made       C. am making       D. has made

7.―Tom! I  you 40 times that I'll beat you if you don't leave that apple jam alone.

―Sorry, Aunt!

A. tell      B. told       C. have told        D. am telling

8.The 2022 Winter Olympics       in Beijing and towns in Hebei Province.

A. hold       B. will hold     C. are held      D. will be held

9.－Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time.

 －He      Beijing for about half a year. He moved there Last November.

  A. has gone to    B. has been to    C. has arrived in   D. has been in

10.－Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

  －No, sir. I       a newspaper.

  A. read      B. was reading       C. would read     D. am reading

11.一Guilin is a wonderful place. I     there many years ago.

  一Yes. I        there many times.

  A. went; have been                  B. have gone; went

  C. went; have gone                  D. have been;went

12.－Why didn't you come to Jenny's birthday party yesterday?

   －Because I       .

  A. didn't invite     B. isn't invited      C. wasn't invited     D. haven't invited

13.一You look tired. What's the matter?

   一I       on a sofa because my grandparents have been here to spend the weekend. I can't have a good sleep.

  A. slept        B. am sleeping        C. was sleeping       D. have slept

14.一The manager has come back from his business trip. He's asking you for the report.

  一Oh, my god! I haven't finished it yet. But he       back at the company tomorrow.

  A. is expected       B. expected          C. was expected       D. will be expected

考点二：时态分析

过去进行时

(1)过去进行时的构成

其构成与现在进行时相似,不同在be动词的使用上,即“was/were＋v.­ing”。

(2)过去进行时的用法

表示过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间内正在发生的动作。如：

—What were you doing at 7 o'clock last night？昨晚7点你在干嘛？

—I was watching CCTV news.我那时在看中央电视台新闻联播。

(3)      过去进行时常用的时间状语标志词：at that time,this time yesterday,at 7 o'clock yesterday等。

现在完成时

(1)现在完成时的构成

基本结构：“主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词＋其他.”

(2)现在完成时的用法

①表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：

—Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？

—Yes,I have.I've just had it. 是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。)

②表示动作或状态从过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还将持续下去,常与“for＋一段时间、since＋时间点”连用,但此时的动词必须为延续性动词。如：

My parents have been married for 30 years.

＝ My parents have been married since 30 years ago.我父母已经结婚30年了。

改错1: I've left this school for nine years.

left→been__away__from__

 改错2: He has borrowed my dictionary for two weeks.

borrowed→kept

由此可见,与一段时间连用的现在完成时,其动词必须为延续性动词。那么此时,非延续动词应该怎么转换为延续性动词呢？

方法一：找与该动词意思一致的延续性动词或用 “be＋形容词”结构来替换。如：

改错1: I have bought this bike for 3 years.

bought→had

 改错2：Cathy's dog has died for 5 years.

died→been__dead

附表格：

　　方法二：句式重置,即用句型“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”。如：

The old man has been dead for 2 years.

＝It is 2 years since the old man died.老人已死了两年了。

(3)现在完成时常用的时间状语标志词：already,yet,so far,in the past few years,ever,never,for＋一段时间,since＋时间点等。

(4)have been to,have gone to和have been in三者的区别

have been to表示“过去曾去过某个地方”,说话时已经回来。如：

—Have you ever been__to Cuiping Mountain？你曾经去过翠屏山吗？

—Yes,I have.是的,去过。

have gone to表示“已经去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点,或在去该地的途中,或已到了该地。如：

—Where is Jack？杰克在哪儿？

—He has gone__to Shanghai with his family.他和他的家人已经去上海了。

have been in表示“已经在某地待了多久”,当地点为副词时不用介词in。如：

—How long have you been__in Yibin？你在宜宾待了多久？

—I have been__here for a week.我已经在这儿待了一个星期了。

考点二：动词被动语态

1.主动语态和被动语态的含义

英语有两种语态,即主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。

(1)被动语态的含义

当主语为动作的承受者,谓语要用被动语态。同时,只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词没有被动语态。但不及物动词后跟介词时可以有被动语态,这时介词一定不能忘。如：

English is spoken by many people.(被动语态,句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者)

(2)主动语态和被动语态间的关系

两个语态间是可以进行转换的,分两类：

①主动语态变被动语态：首先将主动语态的宾语作为被动语态的主语；其次确定被动语态的时态,从而确定谓语部分的形式；最后,变主动语态的主语为被动语态介词by后的宾语,注意主格和宾格之间的转换。

②被动语态变主动语态：首先将被动语态的宾格作为主动语态的主语,注意宾格和主格间的转换；其次,确定主动语态的时态即谓语动词的形式；最后,变被动语态的主语为主动语态的宾语,同时也要注意宾格的形式。

接下来我们通过一个例子来说明：[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]

 贝尔于1876年发明了电话。

2.常见时态和情态动词的被动结构

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态、数的变化。

(1)一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are＋过去分词。如：

Tea is grown in Southeast China.茶叶种在中国东南部。

(2)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were＋过去分词。如：

Many flowers were planted by us in our school last year.去年我们在学校种了许多花。

(3)现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are＋being＋过去分词。如：

More and more bridges are being built by the government in Yibin.宜宾政府正在修建更多的桥。

(4)过去进行时的被动语态：was/were＋being＋过去分词。如：

Wuliangye Airport was being built at this time last year.去年此时正在修建五粮液机场。

(5)一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall be＋过去分词或be going to be＋过去分词。如：

The sports meeting will be held next Tuesday.运动会将于下周二举行。

(6)过去将来时的被动语态：should/would be＋过去分词。如：

Li Lei told me that the sports meeting would be held next Tuesday.李雷告诉我下个星期二举行运动会。

(7)现在完成时的被动语态：have/has＋been＋过去分词。如：

The homework has been finished on time.家庭作业已经按时完成。

(8)情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。如：

 The work can be finished in a week.这项工作可以在一周内完成。

3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态

(1)主动句中感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice以及使役动词make,let,have等后跟不带to的动词不定式,但在被动语态中需要加上不定式符号to。如：

 I often hear her sing.→被动语态： She is often heard to sing.我经常听到她唱歌。

 My mother usually makes me wash the dishes on weekends.→被动语态：I am usually made to wash the dishes by my mother on weekends.在周末我妈妈经常让我洗碗。

(2)固定短语在构成被动语态形式时,后面的介词或副词要保留。如：

You should take good care of your books.→被动语态：Your books should be taken good care of.你应该好好爱护你的书。

4.主动形式表被动意义

英语中有一些动词作谓语时,形式是主动的,但是表示被动的意义,通常有以下几种情况：

(1)转化为系动词的感官动词：look,sound,feel,taste,smell等主动形式表被动意义。如：

The cloth feels very soft.这块布料摸起来很软。

(2)由少数及物动词转化而来的不及物动词：sell,clean,wash,cut,drive,wear,write等,它们的主语为物,可用主动形式表被动意义来描述主语的特征。如：

The pen writes well.这笔好写。

(3)在be worth doing,need doing,require doing中,主语是物,doing表被动意义。如：

The movie called Dangal is well worth watching.《摔跤吧！爸爸》这部电影很值得观看。

The classroom is very dirty.It needs cleaning.

＝The classroom is very dirty.It needs to be cleaned.教室很脏。它应该被打扫了。

练习

1.一Excuse me，Mr. Frankin. When shall we have the meeting?

  一Not until it        in half an hour.

  A. is prepared        B. will be prepared      C. prepared          D. was prepared

2. Each of the students，working hard at his or her lessons，      to go university. So        I.

  A. hope; do           B. hopes; do          C. hoping; am         D. hopes; am

3. The life we were used to_________greatly since the computer was invented．

  A. has changed      B. changed         C. changing       D. changes

4. 一I called you yesterday evening，but there was no answer.

  一Oh，I am sorry. I       dinner at my friend's home.

  A. was having                       B. is having

  C. will be having                     D. has had

5. Jack      for HK in five minutes. I       him very much.

  A. leaves; miss                       B. left; will miss

  C. is leaving; will miss                 D. left; missed

6. 一I haven't seen your father for days. Where is he?

  一He      Hong Kong on business for three days.

  A. has been in                       B. has been to

  C. has gone to                       D. has come to

7. In Switzerland，things like glass and plastic       into different groups and then recycled.

   A. separate                            B. separated

   C. are separated                        D. is separated

8. As you go through this book，you        that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.

   A. will find      B. found          C. had found      D. have found

9. 一When      you      reading Jane Eyre?

  一It's hard to say. I'm busy recently.

   A. did; finish     B. have; finished  C. will; finish      D. do; finish

10. Hello, I _______ you were in London. How long _______ here?

A. don’t know; were you         B. hadn’t known; are you

C. haven’t known; are you        D. didn’t know; have you been

注意：动词时态一定是针对谓语动词使用的

提升：完成句子

1. 这个女孩加入我们读书俱乐部多久了?

2. 昨天下午当我到李爷爷家时，一些志愿者正在帮他搞卫生。

3. 应该采取措施防止人们浪费水。

4. 沿着这条路走，你就会看到银行在你的左边。

5. 她的成功基于她老师的帮助和支持。

6. 我们被告知要对任何可能的危险提高警惕。

7. 这个男孩够细心，注意到了每一个细节。

8. 让我们惊讶的是，他在期末考试中独占鳌头。