专题01 语法填空-学易金卷：2023年中考英语一模试题分项汇编（全国通用）

专题01 语法填空

（2023·山东济南·校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

How long or far is “sanshe” in the idiom “tuibisanshe (退避三舍)”?

In ancient times, she was a unite of distance. One she is as far as 30 li. One li is 500 meters and 30 li is 15,000 meters. ____1____ sanshe is 45 kilometers.

There is a story behind this idiom. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 BC), Prince Chong’er of the Jin state ran away from his home state. He wanted ____2____ (travel) to other states.

Once, he went to the state of Chu. King Cheng of Chu saw ____3____ (he) as an important guest and served him a feast (盛宴). He asked Chong’er, “If you rule the state of Jin one day, how would you thank me?” “It seems your state has everything you want. I have nothing that you like,” Chong’er said. However, he still ____4____ (ask) for something by the king. Finally, Chong’er said, “I would ask my army to retreat (撤退) sanshe if we ever fight.”

Later, Chong’er returned to his home state of Jin and became ____5____ (it) ruler called Wengong. Both of the two states wanted to become stronger and get ____6____ (much) land. They went to war with each other.

Jin Wengong didn’t break his promise. He asked his army to retreat sanshe and ____7____ (stay) in Chengpu. The Chu army ____8____ (think) that the Jin soldiers were afraid to fight, so they followed them. ____9____ their surprise, the Jin army surrounded (包围) them. In the end, Jin won the war. This was the famous Battle of Chengpu. After this war, people used “tuibisanshe” to mean retreating ____10____ (avoid) a conflict (冲突).

（2023·浙江温州·校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

There was once a big old oak tree and it stood on the shore by the sea. For it, each year was like a day and it only slept in the winter.

____11____ the summer, many mayflies danced happily around the old oak. One day, the tree spoke to one of them, “You must be so sad, because your whole life ____12____ (last) just one day.”

The mayfly answered, “Not at all. Everything around me is so beautiful ____13____ it makes me happy. We each have long lives. We just count them ____14____ (different).” Without saying more words, it then flew off ____15____ (enjoy) the rest of the life.

The old oak repeated this action every day that summer, but it always got ____16____ same answer. Soon, winter came, and the tree went to sleep. On Christmas, it had a dream.

In the dream, the tree lived ____17____ (it) life again. It experienced every single moment happily. The oak grew bigger and taller until it could see the ____18____ (star) in the sky. Then, it felt a pull, and its roots were free. It was such a wonderful feeling.

____19____ something else was happening in the real world. There was a terrible storm. The wind was too strong. It _____20_____ (blow) the old oak over and pulled the tree's roots out of the ground. The poor old oak died, but at least it was happy.

（2023·河北衡水·校考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。

Lonnie Johnson is a great American scientist. From an early age, Lonnie was ___21___ (interest) in making things. He learned how to use ___22___ (tool) from his dad.

At 13, Lonnie made a simple car with ___23___ old engine (发动机). He loved driving it around. He dreamed of becoming an ___24___ (invent). By high school, Lonnie built a remote-control robot from some waste things. This won him ___25___ (one) prize at a science fair. His friends called ___26___ (he) “The Little Scientist”. Later, he became an officer, rocket scientist and business leader, ___27___ he never stopped inventing. You may have ___28___ (play) with his most famous invention—the Super Soaker, a kind of water gun.

Today, Dr. Lonnie Johnson has more than one hundred ___29___ (use) inventions. However, he still ____30____ (keep) trying new things.

（2023·河北沧州·校考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。

Sun Jiarui, a 10-year-old girl from Outang Central Primary School in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, recently was famous online for her ___31___ (cook) skills. Sun, who has been learning to cook from her father since she was eight, can now cook more than fifty ___32___ (dish).

It is ___33___ (report) that Sun Jiarui would go to the restaurant with her parents and liked watching her father cook food ___34___ she was four or five years old. She first learned cooking out of curiosity and wanted to ___35___ (try) her father’s work. At her request, the father, Sun Yadong, began teaching his daughter ___36___ (careful) to do some simple cooking. She found cooking difficult ___37___ first, but along the way, she found it enjoyable. “Cooking improves my labor ability and makes me experience life,” she said with emotion.

In the past two years, Sun Jiarui has ___38___ (learn) a lot of home cooking. Now Sun Jiarui’s cooking is also famous in the school. The school has opened a studio (工作坊) for the father and daughter, and students can learn some simple cooking from ___39___ (they) once a week.

In the coming September, primary school ___40___ junior school students in China will find a new “practical activities” course in their schedule, with at least one class every week.

（2023·山东济南·山东大学附属中学校考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But ____41____ roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not ____42____ (use), so library books arrive on the packs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian ____43____ (walk) to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 ____44____ (kilo) of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the books to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels come back with new books.

Some people in the mountains of ____45____ (north) Thailand get books in a different way. Their “libraries” are carried ____46____ elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. ____47____ they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases. The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that fall in the area.

Indonesia has ____48____ (it) own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people travel by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded for new books a few weeks ____49____ (late).

For people who live far and can’t get to a library, this kind of library can bring more than books. It ____50____ (bring) a whole world of information.

（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

Lucas, a four-year-old penguin, could not walk freely. He ____51____ (suffer) from the foot disease and got the terrible blisters on his left foot and legs. As a result, the ____52____ (Africa) penguin had trouble walking for more than three years.

Dr. Beth Bicknese from the zoo said, “Lucas is one of the first ____53____ (bird) that I raise here. He was just an egg ____54____ I first met him. It is really a pity to see him move slowly. So we have kept trying to do something for him and help him live normally.”

The workers ____55____ (dress) the penguin in a special kind of shoes recently. With the help of ____56____ (this) shoes, he is able to take part in some daily activities-such as climbing the rocks, swimming and finding a proper mate ____57____ (easy) than before.

“____58____ our surprise, Lucas changed immediately after we fitted him with his new boots. Seeing him move about now gives us hope. We believe he ____59____ (live) a full life.” said Debbie Denton, ____60____ experienced worker at the San Diego Zoo.

（2023·山东济南·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Henry works in a factory. He comes from a poor family and was in school for only four years. He has to do the hard work. But he ____61____ (pay) only a little. He likes to watch football ____62____ (match) very much and spends much time on them.

One day, there ____63____ (be) an important football match on the playground. He borrowed some money ____64____ his friend and hurried there. There were a lot of people there. And all the tickets were sold out. He was sorry for it. He saw a pole (杆子) outside the playground and climbed it quickly. While he ____65____ (watch) the match, a policeman came and said, “It is dangerous ____66____ (stay) on it! Come down!”

“Wait a minute, please!” Henry said and just at that moment the policeman ____67____ (hear) cheers on the playground and asked, “Which team has kicked a goal?” “Ours!” “Wonderful! I believe our team ____68____ (kick) another goal soon. You can stay there, but take care,” the policeman said ____69____ (happy) and left. When the match would be soon over, he came back again and asked, “Who has won?” “Theirs, 3: 2.” “Come down,” the policeman said angrily. “Such a match is not worth watching!”

Henry had to come down. But soon they heard cheers again. The policeman said in ____70____ hurry, “Climb up quickly and see who kicked a goal.”

（2023·河北唐山·统考一模）根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中的空白处填写个正确的单词。

It was Saturday morning. David’s two-year-old baby sister Katy was sleeping. David was ____71____ (lie) on the sofa in the living room when his mother came in.

“I want to buy some ____72____ (vegetable) from the supermarket. You can stay here with Katy, ____73____ go to the shops for me. Which do you want to do?” It was ____74____ hot day and David didn’t want to go out. “I’ll stay with Katy,” he said. “That will be ____75____ (easy) than going shopping.”

However, Katy woke ____76____ five minutes after Mom left and began to shout. David gave her some ____77____ (toy), read her a story and painted a picture with her. ____78____ (final), he had to tidy Katy’s room. When ____79____ (he) mother came home, he said, “I’ve been very busy and I’m very tired now! I ____80____ (choose) the wrong job!”

（2023·广东深圳·深圳中学校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。

We all heard the story of Nvwa patching up (修补) the sky with melted coloured stones. Many years passed and troubles broke out again. One of them ___81___ (be) a big flood. It appeared in the Yellow River during the rule of Emperor Yao, and the people ___82___ (force) to give up their villages and go to live in trees or mountains. The flood brought great damage to the ___83___ (people) life. Emperor Yao felt sorry for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to solve the problem. Receiving the order, Gun led his team to build dikes (堤坝) to keep back the water ___84___ failed. Then Shun, the next emperor, ordered Gun’s son Yu to continue with the work after Gun died.

Yu accepted the work and found that it was much ___85___ (difficult) than he had thought. But he fought against the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he put ___86___ (he) to his work. He passed his house three times but he did not enter it. Drawing a lesson from his father’s failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood ___87___ (success). He did so much ___88___ the people that they called him “Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun chose him as the next emperor.

Yu won the trust of his emperor and the people with his great effort. He was such ___89___ wise, strong-minded and great person that he is worth _____90_____ (learn) from. We will remember him forever.

（2023·湖北襄阳·统考一模）阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式使短文的意思完整，句子通顺，语法正确。

When Suansuan first read The land of Peach Blossom (《桃花源记》) in her high school Chinese textbook, she didn’t think too much about it. One day in college, she remembered ____91____ essay again. After furthering her studies, she realized that there is more than she first saw to the 320-word text.

    For example, the land of peach blossom not only appears in Tao Yuanming’s essay, but also in many poems, paintings and ____92____ (play). The fisherman in the text doesn’t have a name, for he is a symbol of a special group of people—the hermits (隐士). Suansuan also compares the “cave heaven (洞天)” in Taoism (道教) ____93____ the “Allegory of the Cave (洞穴隐喻)” by ancient Greek philosopher Plato.  

    The simple text became much more fun and attractive to Suansuan. She want ____94____ (share) her ideas with more people—by making videos. To better present her ideas, she paints in her videos. For a video under 10 minutes in length, she may draw up to 80 drafts (画稿).  

    Starting in May 2019, she ____95____ (make) more than 50 videos. Seven are about the ____96____ (hide) stories behind some texts in Chinese textbooks. The rest ____97____ (be) about learning methods and other works of literature (文学). These have earned her more than 1.5 million fans on Bilibili, many of whom are teenagers. They have left bullet comments and messages of thanks. They say she has made their school life ____98____ (interesting).  

    Suansuan said the two things ____99____ bring her the most happiness are learning and ____100____ (create). Making videos combines both. So she will keep doing it.

（2023·江苏徐州·校考一模）用括号中所给的单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整，通顺。

“Have you ____101____ (eat) your meal?” It is traditionally the first sentence coming out of our mind when Chinese greet each other. This can best show that food culture is important in our ____102____ (day) life. China has so many kinds of delicious food that it has a much longer history and ____103____ (rich) food culture than many other places in the world.

On the one hand, many famous people, known as epicures（美食家）, made great contributions to Chinese food culture. Su Dongpo born in the Song Dynasty had a gift not only for excellent ____104____ (write) but also for unusual cooking. He created Dongpo Pork which ____105____ (be) a popular and highly praised dish.

Another person is Yuan Mei, who also played a very important role in ____106____ (develop) Chinese food culture. In his book Sui Man Shi Dan, Yuan Mei talked about special cooking skills and dishes from both northern and ____107____ (south) areas. This book covers over 300 dishes popular in 18th-century China.

On the other hand, people believe that each food has ____108____ (it) own characteristics of yin and yang. The Chinese philosophy（哲学）of yin and yang influences food cooking and taste a lot. Yin foods are thin, cool and low in calories. Yang foods are rich, spicy, warming and high in calories. ____109____ (cook) food in hot water makes it more yin, while cooking with hot oil makes it more yang. As a result, different cooking ____110____ (method) can make cooking practice richer and may change food’s characteristics of yin and yang.

（2023·山东东营·校联考一模）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词)

In an old building in Peking University, a yellow light shone into the old and dark hours of the night. The famous translator Xu Yuanchong ____111____ (sit) behind the window and staring at the computer screen. He enjoyed ____112____ (work) by himself from 10:00 p.m. to 4:00 a.m. For him, the quiet night was a valuable time to focus on translation. He was exploring how ____113____ (spread) Chinese culture abroad by translating Chinese beauty into Western beauty.

Xu was born into a literary family in Nanchang on April 18th, 1921 and died on June 17th, 2021. When he was little, he ____114____ (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature. Xu ____115____ (begin) to translate Chinese poetry into both English and French when he was still a teenager. He ____116____ (be) a professional translator for more than eighty years. He learnt that Chinese and European languages were very different. Only about half of the words in these languages could be translated word-for-word. This is why translators ____117____ (have) a creative mind. They always ____118____ (try) to improve their translations to make sure they are correct and beautiful.

Xu’s motto is: Good, better, best. Never ____119____ (let) it rest. Until your good is better and your better is best. Although Xu was widely considered to be the best, he never stopped trying to become better.

The more you learn and the harder you study, the better you ____120____ (become). There is always room for improvement.