2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级下学期期中专题复习学案：专题04 语法精讲精练（含答案）

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2022-2023学年八年级英语下册期中考试复习宝典
核心语法
语法精讲1
一、情态动词
should属于情态动词,后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化.用于提出建议劝告他人.should的否定形式为 should not,通常缩写为shouldn't.
should 用于不同句式:
肯定句
主语＋should+动词原形+其他.
You should listen to your parents.
否定句
主语＋should not/shouldn't+动词原形＋其他.
You shouldn't go out yesterday.
一般疑问句
Should+主语＋动词原形+其他?
Should I take my temperature first?
特殊疑问句(以what为例)
What should +主语+动词原形?
What should I do?
二、反身代词
1.可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物.如:Maria bought herself a scarf.
2.可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物.如:She isn't quite herself today.
3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气.如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow.
4.用在某些固定短语当中:
look after/take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
语法精练
I.根据句意及括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2022·云南中考)Because COVID-19 hasn't gone away, wearing masks(口罩)in public is a good way to look after__________ (we) and the people around us.
2.(2022·浙江宁波鄞州区期中联考) She is independent and she can do it__________ (her).
3.(2022·山东济南第五十六中学期中) The old man lives on the farm by__________ (he),but he doesn't feel lonely.
答案:
1.ourselves 2.herself 3.himself
II.单项选择
1.We__________ try our best to fight against pollution.
A. should
B. may
C. mustn't
D. needn't
2.(2022·河北石家庄外国语学校期中)That bike isn't very safe. I don't think he__________ ride it.
A. should
B. must
C. need
D. shouldn't
3.- __________ you please take the dog for a walk?
-OK, but I have to fold the clothes first.
A. Must
B. Should
C. Could
D. May
4.(2022·江西宜春实验中学第一次质检)-I am tired. I worked very late last night.
-I think you__________ have a good rest.
A. should
B. needs
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
5.-We'll have the P. E. test next week. I feel a little nervous.
-Relax! Believe in__________ and practice more.
A. you
B. your
C. yours
D. yourself
答案:
1.A 考查情态动词辨析.根据句意“我们应该尽我们最大的努力与污染作斗争”可知答案.
2.A 考查情态动词.句意:那辆自行车不是很安全.我觉得他不应该骑.should应该;must 必须;need需要;shouldn't不应该.根据“That bike isn't very safe.”可知,他不应该骑那辆自行车了.故选A.
3.C 考查情态动词.根据后句句意“好的,但我得先叠衣服”和语法可知,前句句意为“你能去遛狗吗”,要填“could”,表示委婉语气,其他选项语意不通.故选C.
4.A 考查情态动词.根据“I am tired. I worked very late last night.”(我累了.我昨晚工作到很晚.)可知,你“应该”好好休息一下.表示建议应用should.故选A.
5.D 考查代词辨析.句意:－我们下周要进行体育考试.我觉得有点紧张.－放松点！相信自己,多练习.根据“Relax!”可知,是要对方“相信你自己”.故选D.


语法精讲2
一、短语动词(Phrasal verb)
1.在现代英语中,动词后加介词或副词构成短语,表达一种特定的含义,称为短语动词.
2.短语动词也有及物和不及物之分,及物的短语动词必须接宾语,不及物的短语动词则不需要接宾语.
3.及物短语动词所带宾语的位置:
(1)名词作宾语时,一般放在短语动词之后,有的也放在中间.如:He took off his coat./He took his coat off.
(2)代词作宾语时,大多数情况下,放在短语动词中间.如:He took it off.
(3)有时,动名词和动词不定式也可以作宾语.如:He kept on blowing his horn.
二、动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,否定结构是“not to+动词原形”.动词不定式在句中不能作谓语,其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化.动词不定式的用法如下:
1.动词不定式的句法功能
作主语:To learn English is very important.
作表语:Her job is to look after the children.
作宾语:We want to play basketball.
作宾语补足语:He invited me to take part in his birthday party.
作定语:I have too many things to do.
作状语:I got up early to catch the first bus.
2.“疑问词＋不定式”结构
3.动词不定式的常用搭配
(1)有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语.如: agree, decide, hope, plan等.
(2)有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语.如:advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事)等.

语法精练
I.词汇填空
1.Touched by doctors and nurses in Wuhan, Li Ming wants__________ (be)a doctor when he grows up.
2.Borrowers are expected__________ (return) books on time.
3. It's popular__________ (hire) a boat and row on the Xuanwu Lake.
4. Let's visit the kids in hospital and cheer them
5.When he heard the good news, he couldn't help__________ (jump).
答案:
1.to be 2 .to return 3.to hire 4.up 5.jumping
II.单项选择
1.(2022·湖北荆州中考)-The old man__________ all his money to the children in poor areas.
-How kind he is!
A. helped out
B. gave away
C. sold out
D. kept away
2.(2022·云南中考)-How was your camping in the countryside last weekend?
-It was great. We__________ a tent by the lake and had much fun.
A. put up
B. put off
C. put on
D. put in
3.-Could you please__________ some ideas for dealing with students' problems?
-Yes, less homework and more outdoor activities may be good ways.
A. come up with
B. look back at
C. try out

4.The student on duty should hand out the exercise books before class.
A. give out-B. put up-C. hand in-D. take out
5.All the students in Grade Three are going to__________ the banks of the Xiangjiang River.
A. turn up
B. give up
C. clean up

答案:
1.B 考查动词短语辨析.句意:－这位老人把所有的钱都捐给了贫困地区的孩子们.－他真善良！help out 帮助解决;give away 赠送,捐赠;sell out 卖光;keep away 远离.根据“all his money to the children in poor areas”可知,这位老人把所有的钱都捐给了贫困地区的孩子们.故选B.
2.A 考查动词短语辨析.句意:－你上周末在乡下的露营怎么样?－很不错.我们在湖边搭起了帐篷,玩得很开心.put up搭建;put off 推迟;put on穿上;put in安装.根据“a tent by the lake”可知,此处指在湖边搭建帐篷.故选A.
3.A 考查动词短语辨析.句意:－你能想出一些解决学生问题的办法吗?－是的,少做作业、多做户外活动也许是好办法.come up with想出;look back at回顾;try out尝试;试验.故选A.
4.A 考查动词短语辨析.句意:值日的学生应该在上课前把练习本发下来.give out分发;put up举起;hand in 上交;take out取出.原句hand out指“分发”,与give out语意相同.故选A.
5.C 考查动词短语辨析.句意:所有三年级的学生要清理湘江的河岸.turn up出现;give up 放弃;clean up 清理.clean up 符合语境.故选C.

语法精讲3
情态动词 could的用法
情态动词could可用于有礼貌地向对方提出请求或请求对方的许可,用于疑问句中,可代替can,在时间上与can没有区别,但语气比can要委婉、有礼貌.其答语没有固定的形式,但要符合上下文的语境.
1.表示委婉地请求别人做某事
常用句型
Could you(please) do sth.?意为“你能…吗?”或“请你……好吗?”是客气、有礼貌地提出请求的方式.
肯定回答
Yes, sure./Yes, I can./Of course, I can./ No problem./With pleasure.可先拒绝,再说明理由.
否定回答
Sorry, I can't. I have to.../Sorry, I'm going to.../I'm afraid I can't. I have to...
2.Could you please do sth.?
否定:Could you please not do sth.?请不要做某事好吗?(表示委婉地批评对方)
3.could的其他用法:
(1)could为can的过去式,表示能力,如:She could swim at the age of eight.
(2)表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句或疑问句,如:He couldn't be over fifty.
(3)表示可能性,指对将来／现在／过去某种可能性的推测:The book could be Mike's. He likes reading science books.
(4)表示建议,如:You could get your sister a scarf as her birthday present.
语法精练
单项选择
1.-Sam, _________ I join you in the community service?
-Of course you can.
A. can
B. must
C. should
D. need
2.(2022·湖北思施中考)The clever boy_________ recite so many poems when he was three.
A. might
B. would
C. could

3.(2022·安徽中考)-Cooking helps us show love for family members.
-_________.Every time I make dishes for Mom, she is very happy.
A. I can't believe it
B. Take it easy
C. I couldn't agree more
D. That depends
4.(2022·江苏连云港中考)The public sign in the library means people_________ smoke there.
A. could
B. must
C. couldn't
D. mustn't
5.-I wonder if this glass is Tom's.
-It_________ be his. His was broken just now.
A. mustn't
B. may not
C. can't
D. shouldn't
6.-Whose T-shirt is this, Michael?
-It_________ not be mine. Mine is white.
A. need
B. can
C. must

7.-Sandy,is Mr. Li in the teachers' office now?
-I am not sure. He_________ be there.
A. must
B. can't
C. mustn't
D. may
8.-Is the girl over there Amy?
-It_________ be her. She has gone to Beijing to visit her grandma.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. could
D. might
答案:
1.A 考查情态动词.句意:－萨姆,我可以加入你的社区服务吗?－你当然可以.根据答语“Of course you can.”可知,用情态动词can表示征求对方许可.故选A.
2.C 考查情态动词.句意:这个聪明的男孩三岁时就能背诵很多首诗.“The clever boy...recite so many poems”可知,在小的时候就能背诵许多首诗,表示过去的能力用could.故选C.
3.C 考查情景交际.句意:－烹饪有助于你表达对家人的爱.－完全同意.每次我为我妈妈做饭的时候,她都很开心.I can't believe it 我无法相信;take it easy别着急,慢慢来;that depends看情况而定;I couldn't agree more我完全同意.故选C.
4.D 考查情态动词.句意:图书馆的这个公共标志意味着人们不能在那里吸烟.could可以;must必须;couldn't不可以;mustn't禁止.根据常识可知,图片这个标志是禁止吸烟.故选D.
5.C 考查情态动词.句意:－我想知道这个玻璃杯是否是汤姆的.－玻璃杯他的,他的杯子刚被打破了.由答语后一句可知,回答者表示那玻璃杯不可能是汤姆的.当表示猜测时,mustn't意为“一定不要”,表命令;can't意为“不可能”,表语气非常有把握的否定推测;may not意为“或许不是”,表把握性不大的否定推测;shouldn't意为“不应该”,表建议.故选C.
6.B 考查情态动词的用法.由答语第二句话“我的是白色的”可知,“它不可能是我的”.在表示推测时,can't意为“不可能”.由空后的not可知,空处使用can.故选B.
7.D 考查情态动词.句意:－桑迪,李老师现在在教师办公室吗?－我不确定.他可能在那里.根据答语中的“Iam not sure.”可知,此处表示不确定的推测.may可能,符合语境.故选D.
8.B 考查情态动词.句意:－那边的女生是艾米吗?－不可能是她.她去北京看她外婆了.根据答语后半句可知,艾米已经去北京了,所以不可能在这里出现.在表示推测时,can't意为“不可能”.故选B.
动词短语与动词不定式专练
I.用所给动词的适当形式填空,使句意完整
1. Students are not allowed_________ (take) mobile phones into the classroom.
2.Miss Gao tries to make her students_________ (express) their ideas.
3.We used_________ (have) a party to welcome our new friend on weekends.
4.It's popular_________ (hire) a boat and row on the Xuanwu Lake.
5.Social workers in our community are patient enough_________ (explain) how to register Huaishangtong(注册淮上通).
6.Touched by doctors and nurses in Wuhan, Li Ming wants_________ (be) a doctor when he grows up.
7. Borrowers are expected_________ (return) books on time.
8. Doctors and nurses are brave enough_________ (protect) us from COVID-19(新冠病毒).
9.(2022·江苏泰州中考)Our country has made laws_________ (protect)biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River.
10.(2022·江苏无锡中考)Remember to wash hands often and be sure_________ (wear) masks correctly.
答案:
1.to take 2.express 3.to have 4.to hire 5.to explain
6.to be 7. to return 8. to protect 9.to protect 10.to wear
II.单项选择
1.Thunderstorm was shown_________ Cao Yu, one of China's greatest playwrights.
A. remember
B. remembering
C. remembered
D. to remember
2. The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something_________ it.
A. protect
B. protecting
C. to protect
D. protected
3.The policeman told the children_________ in the river. It's too dangerous!
A. to not swim
B. not to swim
C. not swim
D. not swimming
4.(2022·天津中考)The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree_________ it.
A. sell
B. sells
C. sold
D. to sell
5.(2022·江苏扬州中考) _________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A. Reach
B. To reach
C. Reaching
D. To reaching
6.(2022·昆明中考)Boys and girls, good luck and wish you_________ good grades on your new journey!
A. cutting
B. to cut
C. getting
D. to get
7.(2022·湖南郴州)Remember_________ the light when you leave the classroom.
A. turn off
B. to turn off
C. turning off

8.(2022·黑龙江绥化中考)-It is convenient_________ as_________ things online.
-So it is.
A. for; to buy
B. of; to buy
C. for; buy

答案:
1.D 考查非谓语动词.句意:为了纪念中国最伟大的剧作家之一曹禺,《雷雨》上演了.在谓语动词was shown后用动词不定式作目的状语.故选D.
2.C 考查非谓语动词.由上文“地球现在处于极大的危险之中”可知,我们得做些事情来保护它.分析句子成分可知,此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式形式.选C.
3.B 考查非谓语动词.句意:警察告诉孩子们不要在河里游泳.太危险了！句型tell sb.(not) to do sth.意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语.下文“太危险”提示用动词不定式的否定形式not to do sth..故选B.
4.D 考查非谓语动词.句意:这幅画对他来说真的很有价值.他永远不会同意卖掉它.agree to do sth.同意做某事,动词不定式作宾语.故选D.
5.B 考查非谓语动词.句意:为了接触被锁在里面的人,消防员破门而入.分析句子可知,此处作目的状语用动词不定式.故选B.
6.D 考查非谓语动词.句意:男孩女孩们,祝你们好运,在新的征程上取得好成绩！wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,是固定短语,用不定式作宾补.故选D.
7.B 考查非谓语动词.句意:当你离开教室时,记得关灯.remember to do sth.记得做某事(还未做);remember doing sth.记得做某事(已做).结合语境可知,关灯的动作还未发生,应用不定式.故选B.
8.A 考查it的固定句型.句意:－我们在网上购物很方便.－确实.此处是“It is＋adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.”句型,此处convenient修饰其后的事情,介词用for;不定式在句中作真正的主语.故选A.

语法精讲4
一、表示建议的句型
1.表示提建议:Why don't you+动词原形…?Why don't you+动词原形＋其他成分?＝Why not+动词原形＋其他成分?如:Why don't you not join us?
2.如何提建议:
(1)主语是第一人称I或we,可以用“Shall I +do sth.?”或“Shall we+ do sth.?”表示提建议或征求对方意见.如:Shall we go swimming this afternoon?
(2)可以用“Let's+ do sth.”来提建议,let后面的宾语如果是代词,应用宾格,后面接不定式省略to.如:Let's go for a walk after supper, shall we?
(3)可以用“What about/How about +n.(v.-ing)...?”来提出建议.如:What about (How about) a pear?
(4)可以用“Why not do sth.?”来提出建议,表示“为什么不……?”.Why not do sth.?实际是Why don't we/you do sth.?的缩略形式.如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight?
(5)可以用“Would you like sth./to do sth.?”提出建议,意为“你想要······吗?”.如:Would you like a cup of coffee?
二、although, so that 及 until引导的状语从句

意思
引导状语从句的类型
句中位置
although
虽然;尽管
让步状语从句
可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面
so that
以便
目的状语从句
一般放在主句后,且不用逗号隔开
以至于;结果
结果状语从句
until
时间状语从句
直到……为止;到……时
常放在主句之后,也可以放在主句之前

语法精练
I.用 until, so that 或although 填空
1.My teacher speaks very loudly_________ the students can hear her.
2.I will wait_________ Mom comes back from work.
3.Every day Tom gets up early_________ he can catch the first bus.
4. _________ it is not easy for me to learn English well, I won't give up.
5. The little baby didn't stop crying_________ she saw her mother.
答案:
1.so that 2.until 3.so that 4. Although 5.until
II.单项选择
1.(2022·昆明中考) _________ Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice, has passed away, he is forever in my mind.
A. If
B. Unless
C. Before
D. Although
2.(2022·天津中考)Before you get off the bus, you should wait_________ it has stopped.
A. until
B. but
C. because
D. so
3.(2022·黑龙江绥化中考)What about_________ the song Together for a Shared Future? Its name is the slogan(口号)of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
A. sing
B. singing
C. to sing

4.(2021·天津中考)-Shall we go for a walk?
-_________.It's too dark. We'd better stay at home.
A. Nice idea
B. That's true
C. Don't be silly
D. I agree with you
答案:
1.D 考查连词辨析.句意:杂交水稻之父袁隆平虽然去世了,但他永远在我的脑海里.根据“Yuan Longping,the Father of Hybrid Rice,has passed away,he is forever in my mind”可知,前后两句是让步关系,用 although引导让步状语从句.故选D.
2.A 考查连词辨析.句意:你应该等到公交车停了再下车.until直到······为止;but但是;because因为;so因此,所以.根据“Before you get off the bus,you should wait...it has stopped.”可知,应该等到车停了再下车,用until引导时间状语从句.故选A.
3.B 考查动名词作宾语.句意:唱一首《一起向未来》怎么样?歌名就是北京2022年冬奥会的口号.about是介词,其后加动名词作宾语,构成句型:What about doing sth?故选B.
4.C 考查情景交际.句意:－我们去散步好吗?－－别傻了,天太黑了,我们最好待在家里.根据空格后的“It's too dark. We'd better stay at home.”可知,回答者不同意第一个人的提议.故选C.

语法精讲5
过去进行时的用法
1.过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或状态.常用的时间状语有 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等.
2.过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情.时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示.如:What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
3.在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续性的或同时发生的,那么主、从句的动词都可用过去进行时.如:While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
4.通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有),hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等.
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时强调某一动作是在过去某时间正在进行,一般用到的动词是表示具体行动的,动作是可延续的,同时用到的时间状语表示的范围要小且具体.而一般过去时对谓语动词没有限制,用到的时间状语范围不受限制,一般过去时着重表示在过去做过,基本上是一个结束了的动作.表示过去的状态,是抽象的动作,而不表示具体动作行为的动词不用过去进行时,但可以用一般过去时.

语法精练
I.根据括号内的提示词,用其适当形式填空
1.He_________ (draw)on the beach from 7 to 9 o'clock yesterday morning.
2.-Why didn't you come to my party yesterday afternoon?
-Sorry, I with my parents_________ (harvest) the wheat in the field at that time.
3.This morning the coaches_________ (train) the athletes but I'm not sure if they have prepared for the coming match well.
4.We_________ (talk) about the book when our teacher came in.
5.This morning the Greens_________ (clean)the house, but I am not sure if they have completed it.
答案:
1.was drawing 2.was harvesting 3.were training 4.were talking 5.were cleaning
II.单项选择
1.Mike_________ the furniture into his new flat at this time yesterday.
A. would move
B. was moving
C. has moved
D. had moved
2.-Was your brother sleeping when I called him?
-_________. He was listening to music.
A. Yes, he did
B. No, he didn't
C. Yes, he was
D. No, he wasn't
3.(2022·山东济南长清区期中)-I called you at 8:00 yesterday but you didn't pick up.
-Sorry, Jimmy. I_________ when you called.
A. will watch TV
B. was watching TV
C. watches TV
D. is watching TV
4.(2022,重庆开州初中教育集团期中)The boys_________ loudly when the teacher came into the classroom.
A. talk
B. talked
C. are talking
D. were talking
5.-Linda, I called you at eight yesterday evening, but you didn't answer then.
-Oh, I_________ a shower.
A. took
B. will take
C. take
D. was taking
答案:
1.B 考查过去进行时.句意:昨天这个时候迈克正在把家具搬进他的新公寓.根据“at this time yesterday”可知,句子是过去进行时,结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”,主语Mike是第三人称单数.故选B.
2.D 考查一般疑问句.句意:－我给你弟弟打电话时他在睡觉吗?－不,他没有.他在听音乐.以“Was your brother”开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes, he was.”,否定回答为“ No, he wasn't.”.根据“He was listening to music.”可知,并不是在睡觉,用否定回答.故选D.
3.B 考查时态.句意:－我昨天八点给你打电话,但是你没有接.－对不起,吉米.你打电话的时候我正在看电视.watch 观看,是动词,根据“when you called”可知,此处用过去进行时.故选B.
4.D 考查时态.时间状语从句“when the teacher came into the classroom”是一般过去时态,可推出主句讲述的是“当老师走进教室时”男孩们正在做什么事情,故主句时态应用过去进行时were talking.故选D.
5.D 考查时态.句意:－琳达,我昨天晚上八点给你打电话,但你当时没有接.－－哦,我当时正在洗澡.根据“I called you at eight yesterday evening”可知,琳达昨天晚上八点时正在洗澡,用过去进行时was/were doing.故选D.