专题01 有提示词之给出动词原形（解析版）-备战2023年高考英语语法填空技巧指导＋精做50题冲刺100分

专题01-有提示词之给出动词原形

[技巧指导]

当给出的提示词为动词时,设空处一般会考查动词的;常见时态、语态和主谓一致或非谓语动词。

1.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致

第一步:分析句子结构,确定句中是否缺少谓语。如果缺少谓语动词,则是考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。

[示例] (2020·山东高考)Often, only a small part of a museum's collection   __  (be) on display.

[分析]　is　“a part of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后名词的数保持一致。本句中a small part of后的名词为a museum's collection，故填is。

[示例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I   ____ (make) over the years.

[分析]have made　根据空格后的时间状语over the years可知，句子要用现在完成时。

[示例] (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can't help wondering how hard it ______(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

[分析] 由空后的 then 以及语境可知,这里描述的是“……对当时的人们来说,把那些石头放在正确的位置是多么困难”,句子的时态应为一般过去时。又因主语是 it,要用第三人称单数,故填 was。

第二步:看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系,以确定用主动语态还是被动语态,同时根据语境考虑,用哪种时态,还要注意主谓一致。

[示例] (2021·全国甲卷)It______(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).

[分析] 分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语,与主语 it 构成被动关系,故用被动语态;且根据 originally 可知,此处描述的是过去的情况,故用一般过去时,故填 was built.

2.考查非谓语动词

第一步:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语动词时,应考虑该空考查非谓语动词。

第二步:根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求,确定用非谓语动词的哪种形式。

第三步:确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。一般而言，v.－ing形式表示主动、进行；v.－ed形式表示被动、完成；动词不定式表示目的、将来、具体或一次性的动作。

[示例] (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They represent the earth   _____ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

[分析]　coming　句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新的开始的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。

[示例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long   ____ (see) the benefit.

[分析]to see　句中已有谓语部分don't have to run且无连词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词，根据语境可知此处为目的状语，故应填动词不定式。

[示例](2021·浙江1月高考)In 1985， urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries______(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

[分析] 根据语境可知,该句谓语动词为 had,故此空应填 study的非谓语动词形式,此处作 countries 的后置定语;而 countries 与 study 之间为动宾关系,故填 studied。

3.考查词类转换

有时所给提示词虽然是动词,但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词,而是要求进行词类转换。高考中常考查动词变为名词，偶有变形容词或副词的情况。做题时只需根据其所作句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。

[示例](2021·浙江6月高考)In 1844 they bought it for$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their______ (marry) ceremony in 1842

[分析] 根据设空前的形容词性物主代词 their 可知,此处要用名词 marriage 作 ceremony 的定语,表示“结婚仪式,结婚典礼”。故填 marriage。

   [示例] (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is a   ____ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.

[分析]　celebration　不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。

[示例] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting   _____ (compete) to watch.

[分析]　competition　根据空格前的冠词＋形容词an interesting可知，此处应填所给词的名词形式competition。

〖精练细做50题〗

1. （2021浙江1月,62）In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 　　　　(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

答案：studied　

【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句谓语动词为had,故该空填非谓语动词,且作后置定语修饰countries;又study(研究)与countries之间是被动关系,且表示动作已完成,故填studied。

2.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _________   (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

答案：were

【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。

3.（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.

答案：Covering

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。

4.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.

答案： is designed【解析】

考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。

5.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

答案： to increase

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。

6.（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.

答案： falling

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。

7.（2022新高考II卷）Henry _________  (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.

答案： was fixing

【解析】考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。

8.（2022新高考II卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.

答案： threw

【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。

9.（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.

答案： to see

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。

10.（2022年浙江卷1月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."

答案：to continue

【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。

11.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________  (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.

答案： has walked

【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。

12.（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _________  (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a shared future for mankind,” he said.

答案： addressed

【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。

13.（2021新高考I卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.

答案：astonished

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.

14.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________  (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!

答案： caught

【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。

15.（2021新高考II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think)it is food.

答案：thinking

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构， (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。

16.（2021新高考II卷）I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem.

答案：to educate

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。

17.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.

答案： has increased

【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。

18.（2022浙江1月卷）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane   _________  (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.

答案： is viewed或has been viewed

【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。

19.（2021新高考II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.

19.excited

【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。

20.（2021浙江卷）Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ （plant）flowers in the front yard.

答案：to plant

【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。

21.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________  (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.

答案： have promised

【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。

22.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________  (appreciate)by someone who’s blind?

答案： be appreciated

【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。

23.（2021浙江卷1月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

答案：studied

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。

24.（2021浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people_______ (live) in the countryside, including (lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

答案：living

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。

25.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.

答案： noticed

【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。

26.Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt that they were in            (safe)．

答案：safety

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：维苏威火山几个世纪以来都没有爆发过，所以庞培的人们感到他们是安全的。in safety意为“安全”，是固定短语。

27.（2020新课标II卷）They are easy ___________ (care) for and make great presents.

答案：to care

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。

28.（2021新高考II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.

答案：was

【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。

29.（2020新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.

答案：to find

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

30.（2022浙江1月卷）But Cobb and others _________  (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.

答案：are

【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。

31.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________  (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

答案：was built

【解析】句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。

32.（2020新课标II卷）They represent the earth ___________  (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

答案：coming

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。

33.（2020新课标II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

答案：decorated

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。

34.（2020新课标III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.

答案：to find

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth。，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。

35.（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

答案：surrounding

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds  69   (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。

36.（2020年浙江卷）Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _________ (change) lives.

答案：to change

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。

37.（2020年浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ______ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.

答案：making

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。

38.（2020年浙江卷1月）The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase)to 42 by 2050.

答案：to increase

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。

39.（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population

答案：compared

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，故填compared。

40.（2020年山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves) living at a different time in history or __________(walk)through a rainforest.

答案：walking

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking

41.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.

答案：hired

【解析】

考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。

42.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _________  (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.

答案： educated

【解析】

考查动词时态。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。

43. You can imagine how             (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that.

答案：terribly　

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：你可以想象得到一想到那件事我是多么地害羞啊！从设空位置看，空处在how之后，要考虑使用形容词或者副词；再由其后的形容词shy可知需要用副词。

44．（2022年江苏南京三模）This is the first time that China________ (host) the Winter Olympic Games.

答案：has hosted

【解析】考查时态。句意：这是中国首次举办冬奥会。固定句式This is the first time that....表示“这是第一次……”，其中that引导的从句中要用现在完成时，从句主语为China，助动词用has。故填has hosted。

45．Nowadays young people never              (will) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.

答案：willingly　

【解析】考查词性转换。句意：如今年轻人从不愿意让他们的创造力受到父母或传统规则的限制。空格处用来修饰谓语动词let，应用副词，will 先转化为形容词willing，willing的副词形式是在其后直接加­ly。

46.[2021四川绵阳一诊,67]BeiDou Navigation Satellite System adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability 　　　　(receive) messages sent by people from areas with poor signals. 

答案：to receive　

【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定用法ability to do sth."做某事的能力"。

47.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years  ______(long) than non­runners.

答案：longer　

【解析】考查词性转换。由设空后的than可知应用比较级形式，表示“比……活得长”。

48.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even _______(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.

答案：　worse　

【解析】考查词性转换。根据语意及空前的even可知此处表示程度的加深，意为“更为糟糕的是”，故应填其比较级。

49.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________  (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.

答案： be chosen

【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。

50．There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly             (benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.

答案：beneficial

【解析】考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。